Articles | Volume 13, issue 8
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-4067-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-4067-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Review article
| 
25 Aug 2021
Review article |
| 25 Aug 2021
EUREC4A
Bjorn Stevens
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
LMD/IPSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Paris, France
David Farrell
Caribbean Institute for Meteorology and Hydrology, Barbados
Felix Ament
Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
Alan Blyth
National Centre for Atmospheric Science, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
Christopher Fairall
NOAA Physical Sciences Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA
Johannes Karstensen
GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
Patricia K. Quinn
NOAA PMEL, Seattle, WA, USA
Sabrina Speich
LMD/IPSL, École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, Paris, France
Claudia Acquistapace
Institute for Geophysics and Meteorology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
Franziska Aemisegger
Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
Anna Lea Albright
LMD/IPSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Paris, France
Hugo Bellenger
LMD/IPSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Paris, France
Eberhard Bodenschatz
Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Göttingen, Germany
Kathy-Ann Caesar
Caribbean Institute for Meteorology and Hydrology, Barbados
Rebecca Chewitt-Lucas
Caribbean Institute for Meteorology and Hydrology, Barbados
Gijs de Boer
Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
NOAA Physical Sciences Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA
Julien Delanoë
LATMOS/IPSL, Université Paris-Saclay, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Guyancourt, France
Leif Denby
University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
Florian Ewald
Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany
Benjamin Fildier
LMD/IPSL, École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, Paris, France
Marvin Forde
Caribbean Institute for Meteorology and Hydrology, Barbados
Geet George
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
Silke Gross
Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany
Martin Hagen
Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany
Andrea Hausold
Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany
Karen J. Heywood
Centre for Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
Lutz Hirsch
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
Marek Jacob
Institute for Geophysics and Meteorology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
Friedhelm Jansen
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
Stefan Kinne
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
Daniel Klocke
Hans-Ertel-Zentrum für Wetterforschung, Deutscher Wetterdienst (DWD), Offenbach, Germany
Tobias Kölling
Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
Heike Konow
Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
Marie Lothon
Laboratoire d'Aérologie, University of Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France
Wiebke Mohr
Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany
Ann Kristin Naumann
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
Meteorological Institute, Center for Earth System Research and Sustainability, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
Louise Nuijens
Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands
Léa Olivier
Sorbonne Université, CNRS, IRD, MNHN, UMR7159 LOCEAN/IPSL, Paris, France
Robert Pincus
Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
NOAA Physical Sciences Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA
Mira Pöhlker
Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
Gilles Reverdin
Sorbonne Université, CNRS, IRD, MNHN, UMR7159 LOCEAN/IPSL, Paris, France
Gregory Roberts
CNRM, University of Toulouse, Météo-France, CNRS, Toulouse, France
Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
Sabrina Schnitt
Institute for Geophysics and Meteorology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
Hauke Schulz
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
A. Pier Siebesma
Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands
Claudia Christine Stephan
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
Peter Sullivan
National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA
Ludovic Touzé-Peiffer
LMD/IPSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Paris, France
Jessica Vial
LMD/IPSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Paris, France
Raphaela Vogel
LMD/IPSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Paris, France
Paquita Zuidema
University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
Nicola Alexander
Caribbean Institute for Meteorology and Hydrology, Barbados
Lyndon Alves
Hydrometeorological Service, Georgetown, Guyana
Sophian Arixi
CNRM, University of Toulouse, Météo-France, CNRS, Toulouse, France
Hamish Asmath
Institute of Marine Affairs, Chaguaramas, Trinidad and Tobago
Gholamhossein Bagheri
Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Göttingen, Germany
Katharina Baier
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
Adriana Bailey
National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA
Dariusz Baranowski
Institute of Geophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
Alexandre Baron
LSCE/IPSL, CNRS-CEA-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
Sébastien Barrau
CNRM, University of Toulouse, Météo-France, CNRS, Toulouse, France
Paul A. Barrett
Met Office, Exeter, UK
Frédéric Batier
Frédéric Batier Photography, Berlin, Germany
Andreas Behrendt
Institute of Physics and Meteorology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
Arne Bendinger
GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
Florent Beucher
CNRM, University of Toulouse, Météo-France, CNRS, Toulouse, France
Sebastien Bigorre
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA
Edmund Blades
Queen Elizabeth Hospital, St. Michael, Barbados
Peter Blossey
Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
Olivier Bock
Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), Paris, France
Steven Böing
University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
Pierre Bosser
ENSTA Bretagne, Lab-STICC, CNRS, Brest, France
Denis Bourras
Aix-Marseille Université, Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO UM 110, Marseille, France
Pascale Bouruet-Aubertot
Sorbonne Université, CNRS, IRD, MNHN, UMR7159 LOCEAN/IPSL, Paris, France
Keith Bower
University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
Pierre Branellec
French Research Institute for Exploitation of the Sea (IFREMER), Brest, France
Hubert Branger
Institut de Recherche sur les Phénomènes Hors Equilibre (IRPHE), CNRS/AMU/ECM, Marseille, France
Michal Brennek
University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
Alan Brewer
NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA
Pierre-Etienne Brilouet
Laboratoire d'Aérologie, University of Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France
Björn Brügmann
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
Stefan A. Buehler
Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
Elmo Burke
St. Christopher Air & Sea Ports Authority, Basseterre, St. Kitts and Nevis
Ralph Burton
National Centre for Atmospheric Science, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
Radiance Calmer
Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
Jean-Christophe Canonici
Service des Avions Français Instrumentés pour la Recherche en Environnement (SAFIRE), Météo-France, CNRS, CNES, Cugnaux, France
Xavier Carton
LOPS/IUEM, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, CNRS, Brest, France
Gregory Cato Jr.
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Meteorological Services, Argyle, St. Vincent and the Grenadines
Jude Andre Charles
Grenada Meteorological Services, St. George’s, Grenada
Patrick Chazette
LSCE/IPSL, CNRS-CEA-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
Yanxu Chen
LMD/IPSL, École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, Paris, France
Michal T. Chilinski
University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
Thomas Choularton
University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
Patrick Chuang
University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
Shamal Clarke
Cayman Islands National Weather Service, Grand Cayman, Cayman Islands
University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
Céline Cornet
LOA, Université de Lille, CNRS, Lille, France
Pierre Coutris
LAMP, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Clermont-Ferrand, France
Fleur Couvreux
CNRM, University of Toulouse, Météo-France, CNRS, Toulouse, France
Susanne Crewell
Institute for Geophysics and Meteorology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
Timothy Cronin
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
Zhiqiang Cui
University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
Yannis Cuypers
Sorbonne Université, CNRS, IRD, MNHN, UMR7159 LOCEAN/IPSL, Paris, France
Alton Daley
Caribbean Institute for Meteorology and Hydrology, Barbados
Gillian M. Damerell
Centre for Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
Thibaut Dauhut
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
Hartwig Deneke
Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, Leipzig, Germany
Jean-Philippe Desbios
Service des Avions Français Instrumentés pour la Recherche en Environnement (SAFIRE), Météo-France, CNRS, CNES, Cugnaux, France
Steffen Dörner
Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
Sebastian Donner
Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
Vincent Douet
IPSL, CNRS, Paris, France
Kyla Drushka
Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
Marina Dütsch
Department of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
Department of Meteorology and Geophysics, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
André Ehrlich
Leipzig Institute for Meteorology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
Kerry Emanuel
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
Alexandros Emmanouilidis
Leipzig Institute for Meteorology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
Jean-Claude Etienne
CNRM, University of Toulouse, Météo-France, CNRS, Toulouse, France
Sheryl Etienne-Leblanc
Meteorological Department St. Maarten, Simpson Bay, Sint Maarten
Ghislain Faure
CNRM, University of Toulouse, Météo-France, CNRS, Toulouse, France
Graham Feingold
NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA
Luca Ferrero
Gemma Center, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
Andreas Fix
Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany
Cyrille Flamant
LATMOS/IPSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Paris, France
Piotr Jacek Flatau
Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
Gregory R. Foltz
NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, Miami, FL, USA
Linda Forster
Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
Iulian Furtuna
Compania Fortuna, Sucy-en-Brie, France
Alan Gadian
University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
Joseph Galewsky
Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
Martin Gallagher
University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
Peter Gallimore
University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
Cassandra Gaston
University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
Chelle Gentemann
Farallon Institute, Petaluma, CA, USA
Nicolas Geyskens
DT-INSU, CNRS, Plouzane, France
Andreas Giez
Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany
John Gollop
Barbados Coast Guard, St. Michael, Barbados
Isabelle Gouirand
The University of the West Indies, Cave Hill Campus, Cave Hill, Barbados
Christophe Gourbeyre
LAMP, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Clermont-Ferrand, France
Dörte de Graaf
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
Geiske E. de Groot
Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands
Robert Grosz
University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
Johannes Güttler
Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Göttingen, Germany
Manuel Gutleben
Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany
Kashawn Hall
Caribbean Institute for Meteorology and Hydrology, Barbados
George Harris
Regional Security System, Christ Church, Barbados
Kevin C. Helfer
Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands
Dean Henze
College of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
Calvert Herbert
Regional Security System, Christ Church, Barbados
Bruna Holanda
Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
Antonio Ibanez-Landeta
Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Göttingen, Germany
Janet Intrieri
NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA
Suneil Iyer
Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
Fabrice Julien
CNRM, University of Toulouse, Météo-France, CNRS, Toulouse, France
Heike Kalesse
Leipzig Institute for Meteorology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
Jan Kazil
Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA
Alexander Kellman
Barbados Coast Guard, St. Michael, Barbados
Abiel T. Kidane
Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany
Ulrike Kirchner
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
Marcus Klingebiel
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
Mareike Körner
GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
Leslie Ann Kremper
Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
Jan Kretzschmar
Leipzig Institute for Meteorology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
Ovid Krüger
Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
Wojciech Kumala
University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
Armin Kurz
Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany
Pierre L'Hégaret
LOPS, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Brest, France
Matthieu Labaste
Sorbonne Université, CNRS, IRD, MNHN, UMR7159 LOCEAN/IPSL, Paris, France
Tom Lachlan-Cope
British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, UK
Arlene Laing
Caribbean Meteorological Organization, Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago
Peter Landschützer
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
Theresa Lang
Meteorological Institute, Center for Earth System Research and Sustainability, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
Diego Lange
Institute of Physics and Meteorology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
Ingo Lange
Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
Clément Laplace
Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace (IPSL), Paris, France
Gauke Lavik
Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany
Rémi Laxenaire
Center for Ocean-Atmospheric Prediction Studies, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
Caroline Le Bihan
French Research Institute for Exploitation of the Sea (IFREMER), Brest, France
Mason Leandro
University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
Nathalie Lefevre
Sorbonne Université, CNRS, IRD, MNHN, UMR7159 LOCEAN/IPSL, Paris, France
Marius Lena
Compania Fortuna, Sucy-en-Brie, France
Donald Lenschow
National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA
Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany
Gary Lloyd
University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
Sebastian Los
Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
Niccolò Losi
University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
Oscar Lovell
Trinidad and Tobago Meteorological Services, Piarco Trinidad, Trinidad and Tobago
Christopher Luneau
OSU Institut Pythéas, Marseille, France
Przemyslaw Makuch
Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sopot, Poland
Szymon Malinowski
University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
Gaston Manta
LMD/IPSL, École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, Paris, France
Eleni Marinou
Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany
National Observatory of Athens, Athens, Greece
Nicholas Marsden
University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
Sebastien Masson
Sorbonne Université, CNRS, IRD, MNHN, UMR7159 LOCEAN/IPSL, Paris, France
Nicolas Maury
CNRM, University of Toulouse, Météo-France, CNRS, Toulouse, France
Bernhard Mayer
Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
Margarette Mayers-Als
Caribbean Institute for Meteorology and Hydrology, Barbados
Christophe Mazel
Dronexsolution, Toulouse, France
Wayne McGeary
Barbados Meteorological Services, Christ Church, Barbados
Caribbean Institute for Meteorology and Hydrology, Barbados
James C. McWilliams
Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
Mario Mech
Institute for Geophysics and Meteorology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
Melina Mehlmann
GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
Agostino Niyonkuru Meroni
CIMA Research Foundation, Savona, Italy
Theresa Mieslinger
Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
Andreas Minikin
Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany
Peter Minnett
University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
Gregor Möller
Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
Yanmichel Morfa Avalos
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
Caroline Muller
LMD/IPSL, École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, Paris, France
Ionela Musat
LMD/IPSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Paris, France
Anna Napoli
CIMA Research Foundation, Savona, Italy
Almuth Neuberger
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
Christophe Noisel
Sorbonne Université, CNRS, IRD, MNHN, UMR7159 LOCEAN/IPSL, Paris, France
David Noone
University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
Freja Nordsiek
Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Göttingen, Germany
Jakub L. Nowak
University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
Lothar Oswald
Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany
Douglas J. Parker
University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
Carolyn Peck
Meteorological Service, Kingston, Jamaica
Renaud Person
Sorbonne Université, CNRS, IRD, MNHN, UMR7159 LOCEAN/IPSL, Paris, France
Sorbonne Université, CNRS, IRD, MNHN, INRAE, ENS, UMS 3455, OSU Ecce Terra, Paris, France
Miriam Philippi
Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany
Albert Plueddemann
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA
Christopher Pöhlker
Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
Veronika Pörtge
Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
Ulrich Pöschl
Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
Lawrence Pologne
Caribbean Institute for Meteorology and Hydrology, Barbados
Michał Posyniak
Institute of Geophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
Marc Prange
Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
Estefanía Quiñones Meléndez
College of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
Jule Radtke
Meteorological Institute, Center for Earth System Research and Sustainability, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
Karim Ramage
IPSL, CNRS, Paris, France
Jens Reimann
Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany
Lionel Renault
LEGOS, University of Toulouse, IRD, CNRS, CNES, UPS, Toulouse, France
Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
Klaus Reus
GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
Ashford Reyes
Caribbean Institute for Meteorology and Hydrology, Barbados
Joachim Ribbe
University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Australia
Maximilian Ringel
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
Markus Ritschel
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
Cesar B. Rocha
University of Connecticut Avery Point, Groton, CT, USA
Nicolas Rochetin
LMD/IPSL, École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, Paris, France
Johannes Röttenbacher
Leipzig Institute for Meteorology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
Callum Rollo
Centre for Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
Haley Royer
University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
Pauline Sadoulet
CNRM, University of Toulouse, Météo-France, CNRS, Toulouse, France
Leo Saffin
University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
Sanola Sandiford
Caribbean Institute for Meteorology and Hydrology, Barbados
Irina Sandu
European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Reading, UK
Michael Schäfer
Leipzig Institute for Meteorology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
Vera Schemann
Institute for Geophysics and Meteorology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
Imke Schirmacher
Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
Oliver Schlenczek
Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Göttingen, Germany
Jerome Schmidt
Naval Research Laboratory, Monterey, CA, USA
Marcel Schröder
Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Göttingen, Germany
Alfons Schwarzenboeck
LAMP, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Clermont-Ferrand, France
Andrea Sealy
Caribbean Institute for Meteorology and Hydrology, Barbados
Christoph J. Senff
Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA
Ilya Serikov
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
Samkeyat Shohan
Leipzig Institute for Meteorology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
Elizabeth Siddle
Centre for Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
Alexander Smirnov
Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Lanham, Maryland, USA
Florian Späth
Institute of Physics and Meteorology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
Branden Spooner
Caribbean Institute for Meteorology and Hydrology, Barbados
M. Katharina Stolla
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
Wojciech Szkółka
Institute of Geophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
Simon P. de Szoeke
College of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
Stéphane Tarot
French Research Institute for Exploitation of the Sea (IFREMER), Brest, France
Eleni Tetoni
Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany
Elizabeth Thompson
NOAA Physical Sciences Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA
Jim Thomson
Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
Lorenzo Tomassini
Met Office, Exeter, UK
Julien Totems
LSCE/IPSL, CNRS-CEA-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
Alma Anna Ubele
Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
Leonie Villiger
Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
Jan von Arx
Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany
Thomas Wagner
Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
Andi Walther
University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
Ben Webber
Centre for Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
Manfred Wendisch
Leipzig Institute for Meteorology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
Shanice Whitehall
Caribbean Institute for Meteorology and Hydrology, Barbados
Anton Wiltshire
Trinidad and Tobago Meteorological Services, Piarco Trinidad, Trinidad and Tobago
Allison A. Wing
Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
Martin Wirth
Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany
Jonathan Wiskandt
GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
Kevin Wolf
Leipzig Institute for Meteorology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
Ludwig Worbes
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
Ethan Wright
Center for Ocean-Atmospheric Prediction Studies, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
Volker Wulfmeyer
Institute of Physics and Meteorology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
Shanea Young
National Meteorological Service of Belize, Ladyville, Belize
Chidong Zhang
NOAA PMEL, Seattle, WA, USA
Dongxiao Zhang
Cooperative Institute for Climate, Ocean, and Ecosystem Studies, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
NOAA PMEL, Seattle, WA, USA
Florian Ziemen
Deutsches Klimarechenzentrum GmbH, Hamburg, Germany
Tobias Zinner
Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
Martin Zöger
Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany
Related authors
Hauke Schmidt, Sebastian Rast, Jiawei Bao, Shih-Wei Fang, Diego Jimenez-de la Cuesta, Paul Keil, Lukas Kluft, Clarissa Kroll, Theresa Lang, Ulrike Niemeier, Andrea Schneidereit, Andrew I. L. Williams, and Bjorn Stevens
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1575, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1575, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
A recent development in numerical models of the global atmosphere is the increase of horizontal resolution from the order of hundred to a few kilometers grid spacing. However, the vertical grid spacing of these models has not been reduced at the same rate as the horizontal grid spacing. Here we assess effects of much finer vertical grid spacings in particular on cloud quantities and the atmospheric energy balance.
Sabrina Schnitt, Andreas Foth, Heike Kalesse-Los, Mario Mech, Claudia Acquistapace, Friedhelm Jansen, Ulrich Löhnert, Bernhard Pospichal, Johannes Röttenbacher, Susanne Crewell, and Bjorn Stevens
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2023-140, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2023-140, 2023
Preprint under review for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
This publication describes the microwave radiometric measurements performed during the EUREC4A campaign at Barbados Cloud Observatory (BCO) and aboard the RV Meteor and RV Maria S Merian. We present retrieved Integrated Water Vapor (IWV), Liquid Water Path (LWP) and temperature and humidity profiles as a unified, quality-controlled, multi-site data set on a three second temporal resolution for a core period between January 19, 2020 and February 14, 2020.
André Ehrlich, Martin Zöger, Andreas Giez, Vladyslav Nenakhov, Christian Mallaun, Rolf Maser, Timo Röschenthaler, Anna E. Luebke, Kevin Wolf, Bjorn Stevens, and Manfred Wendisch
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 16, 1563–1581, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-1563-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-1563-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Measurements of the broadband radiative energy budget from aircraft are needed to study the effect of clouds, aerosol particles, and surface conditions on the Earth's energy budget. However, the moving aircraft introduces challenges to the instrument performance and post-processing of the data. This study introduces a new radiometer package, outlines a greatly simplifying method to correct thermal offsets, and provides exemplary measurements of solar and thermal–infrared irradiance.
Adriana Bailey, Franziska Aemisegger, Leonie Villiger, Sebastian A. Los, Gilles Reverdin, Estefanía Quiñones Meléndez, Claudia Acquistapace, Dariusz B. Baranowski, Tobias Böck, Sandrine Bony, Tobias Bordsdorff, Derek Coffman, Simon P. de Szoeke, Christopher J. Diekmann, Marina Dütsch, Benjamin Ertl, Joseph Galewsky, Dean Henze, Przemyslaw Makuch, David Noone, Patricia K. Quinn, Michael Rösch, Andreas Schneider, Matthias Schneider, Sabrina Speich, Bjorn Stevens, and Elizabeth J. Thompson
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 465–495, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-465-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-465-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
One of the novel ways EUREC4A set out to investigate trade wind clouds and their coupling to the large-scale circulation was through an extensive network of isotopic measurements in water vapor, precipitation, and seawater. Samples were taken from the island of Barbados, from aboard two aircraft, and from aboard four ships. This paper describes the full collection of EUREC4A isotopic in situ data and guides readers to complementary remotely sensed water vapor isotope ratios.
Cathy Hohenegger, Peter Korn, Leonidas Linardakis, René Redler, Reiner Schnur, Panagiotis Adamidis, Jiawei Bao, Swantje Bastin, Milad Behravesh, Martin Bergemann, Joachim Biercamp, Hendryk Bockelmann, Renate Brokopf, Nils Brüggemann, Lucas Casaroli, Fatemeh Chegini, George Datseris, Monika Esch, Geet George, Marco Giorgetta, Oliver Gutjahr, Helmuth Haak, Moritz Hanke, Tatiana Ilyina, Thomas Jahns, Johann Jungclaus, Marcel Kern, Daniel Klocke, Lukas Kluft, Tobias Kölling, Luis Kornblueh, Sergey Kosukhin, Clarissa Kroll, Junhong Lee, Thorsten Mauritsen, Carolin Mehlmann, Theresa Mieslinger, Ann Kristin Naumann, Laura Paccini, Angel Peinado, Divya Sri Praturi, Dian Putrasahan, Sebastian Rast, Thomas Riddick, Niklas Roeber, Hauke Schmidt, Uwe Schulzweida, Florian Schütte, Hans Segura, Radomyra Shevchenko, Vikram Singh, Mia Specht, Claudia Christine Stephan, Jin-Song von Storch, Raphaela Vogel, Christian Wengel, Marius Winkler, Florian Ziemen, Jochem Marotzke, and Bjorn Stevens
Geosci. Model Dev., 16, 779–811, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-779-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-779-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Models of the Earth system used to understand climate and predict its change typically employ a grid spacing of about 100 km. Yet, many atmospheric and oceanic processes occur on much smaller scales. In this study, we present a new model configuration designed for the simulation of the components of the Earth system and their interactions at kilometer and smaller scales, allowing an explicit representation of the main drivers of the flow of energy and matter by solving the underlying equations.
Bjorn Stevens and Lukas Kluft
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2022-1460, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2022-1460, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Analytic expressions are derived for the clear-sky climate sensitivity in an atmosphere within which the relative humidity depends only on temperature. The expressions have quantitative fidelity and are physically insightful. The ideas leading to this derivation also help better understand how clouds modify the clear sky sensitivity, demonstrating a more ambiguous role of clouds, and in so doing providing a better theoretical underpinning for the climate sensitivity itself.
Marco A. Giorgetta, William Sawyer, Xavier Lapillonne, Panagiotis Adamidis, Dmitry Alexeev, Valentin Clément, Remo Dietlicher, Jan Frederik Engels, Monika Esch, Henning Franke, Claudia Frauen, Walter M. Hannah, Benjamin R. Hillman, Luis Kornblueh, Philippe Marti, Matthew R. Norman, Robert Pincus, Sebastian Rast, Daniel Reinert, Reiner Schnur, Uwe Schulzweida, and Bjorn Stevens
Geosci. Model Dev., 15, 6985–7016, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-6985-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-6985-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This work presents a first version of the ICON atmosphere model that works not only on CPUs, but also on GPUs. This GPU-enabled ICON version is benchmarked on two GPU machines and a CPU machine. While the weak scaling is very good on CPUs and GPUs, the strong scaling is poor on GPUs. But the high performance of GPU machines allowed for first simulations of a short period of the quasi-biennial oscillation at very high resolution with explicit convection and gravity wave forcing.
Theresa Mieslinger, Bjorn Stevens, Tobias Kölling, Manfred Brath, Martin Wirth, and Stefan A. Buehler
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 6879–6898, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-6879-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-6879-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The trades are home to a plethora of small cumulus clouds that are often barely visible to the human eye and difficult to detect with active and passive remote sensing methods. With the help of a new method and by means of high-resolution data we can detect small and particularly thin clouds. We find that optically thin clouds are a common phenomenon in the trades, covering a large area and influencing the radiative effect of clouds if they are undetected and contaminate the cloud-free signal.
Sandrine Bony, Marie Lothon, Julien Delanoë, Pierre Coutris, Jean-Claude Etienne, Franziska Aemisegger, Anna Lea Albright, Thierry André, Hubert Bellec, Alexandre Baron, Jean-François Bourdinot, Pierre-Etienne Brilouet, Aurélien Bourdon, Jean-Christophe Canonici, Christophe Caudoux, Patrick Chazette, Michel Cluzeau, Céline Cornet, Jean-Philippe Desbios, Dominique Duchanoy, Cyrille Flamant, Benjamin Fildier, Christophe Gourbeyre, Laurent Guiraud, Tetyana Jiang, Claude Lainard, Christophe Le Gac, Christian Lendroit, Julien Lernould, Thierry Perrin, Frédéric Pouvesle, Pascal Richard, Nicolas Rochetin, Kevin Salaün, Alfons Schwarzenboeck, Guillaume Seurat, Bjorn Stevens, Julien Totems, Ludovic Touzé-Peiffer, Gilles Vergez, Jessica Vial, Leonie Villiger, and Raphaela Vogel
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 2021–2064, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-2021-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-2021-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The French ATR42 research aircraft participated in the EUREC4A international field campaign that took place in 2020 over the tropical Atlantic, east of Barbados. We present the extensive instrumentation of the aircraft, the research flights and the different measurements. We show that the ATR measurements of humidity, wind, aerosols and cloudiness in the lower atmosphere are robust and consistent with each other. They will make it possible to advance understanding of cloud–climate interactions.
Michael Schäfer, Kevin Wolf, André Ehrlich, Christoph Hallbauer, Evelyn Jäkel, Friedhelm Jansen, Anna Elizabeth Luebke, Joshua Müller, Jakob Thoböll, Timo Röschenthaler, Bjorn Stevens, and Manfred Wendisch
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 1491–1509, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-1491-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-1491-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The new airborne thermal infrared imager VELOX is introduced. It measures two-dimensional fields of spectral thermal infrared radiance or brightness temperature within the large atmospheric window. The technical specifications as well as necessary calibration and correction procedures are presented. Example measurements from the first field deployment are analysed with respect to cloud coverage and cloud top altitude.
Heike Konow, Florian Ewald, Geet George, Marek Jacob, Marcus Klingebiel, Tobias Kölling, Anna E. Luebke, Theresa Mieslinger, Veronika Pörtge, Jule Radtke, Michael Schäfer, Hauke Schulz, Raphaela Vogel, Martin Wirth, Sandrine Bony, Susanne Crewell, André Ehrlich, Linda Forster, Andreas Giez, Felix Gödde, Silke Groß, Manuel Gutleben, Martin Hagen, Lutz Hirsch, Friedhelm Jansen, Theresa Lang, Bernhard Mayer, Mario Mech, Marc Prange, Sabrina Schnitt, Jessica Vial, Andreas Walbröl, Manfred Wendisch, Kevin Wolf, Tobias Zinner, Martin Zöger, Felix Ament, and Bjorn Stevens
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 5545–5563, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-5545-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-5545-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The German research aircraft HALO took part in the research campaign EUREC4A in January and February 2020. The focus area was the tropical Atlantic east of the island of Barbados. We describe the characteristics of the 15 research flights, provide auxiliary information, derive combined cloud mask products from all instruments that observe clouds on board the aircraft, and provide code examples that help new users of the data to get started.
Geet George, Bjorn Stevens, Sandrine Bony, Robert Pincus, Chris Fairall, Hauke Schulz, Tobias Kölling, Quinn T. Kalen, Marcus Klingebiel, Heike Konow, Ashley Lundry, Marc Prange, and Jule Radtke
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 5253–5272, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-5253-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-5253-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Dropsondes measure atmospheric parameters such as temperature, pressure, humidity and horizontal winds. The EUREC4A field campaign deployed 1215 dropsondes during January–February 2020 in the north Atlantic trade-wind region in order to characterize the thermodynamic and the dynamic structure of the atmosphere, primarily at horizontal scales of ~ 200 km. We present JOANNE, the dataset that provides these dropsonde measurements and thereby a rich characterization of the trade-wind atmosphere.
Hyunju Jung, Ann Kristin Naumann, and Bjorn Stevens
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 10337–10345, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-10337-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-10337-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We analyze the behavior of organized convection in a large-scale flow by imposing a mean flow to idealized simulations. In the mean flow, organized convection initially propagates slower than the mean wind speed and becomes stationary. The initial upstream and downstream difference in surface fluxes becomes symmetric as the surface momentum flux acts as a drag, resulting in the stationarity. Meanwhile, the surface enthalpy flux has a minor role in the propagation of the convection.
Franziska Aemisegger, Raphaela Vogel, Pascal Graf, Fabienne Dahinden, Leonie Villiger, Friedhelm Jansen, Sandrine Bony, Bjorn Stevens, and Heini Wernli
Weather Clim. Dynam., 2, 281–309, https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-2-281-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-2-281-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The interaction of clouds in the trade wind region with the atmospheric flow is complex and at the heart of uncertainties associated with climate projections. In this study, a natural tracer of atmospheric circulation is used to establish a link between air originating from dry regions of the midlatitudes and the occurrence of specific cloud patterns. Two pathways involving transport within midlatitude weather systems are identified, by which air is brought into the trades within 5–10 d.
Claudia Christine Stephan, Sabrina Schnitt, Hauke Schulz, Hugo Bellenger, Simon P. de Szoeke, Claudia Acquistapace, Katharina Baier, Thibaut Dauhut, Rémi Laxenaire, Yanmichel Morfa-Avalos, Renaud Person, Estefanía Quiñones Meléndez, Gholamhossein Bagheri, Tobias Böck, Alton Daley, Johannes Güttler, Kevin C. Helfer, Sebastian A. Los, Almuth Neuberger, Johannes Röttenbacher, Andreas Raeke, Maximilian Ringel, Markus Ritschel, Pauline Sadoulet, Imke Schirmacher, M. Katharina Stolla, Ethan Wright, Benjamin Charpentier, Alexis Doerenbecher, Richard Wilson, Friedhelm Jansen, Stefan Kinne, Gilles Reverdin, Sabrina Speich, Sandrine Bony, and Bjorn Stevens
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 491–514, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-491-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-491-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The EUREC4A field campaign took place in the western tropical Atlantic during January and February 2020. A total of 811 radiosondes, launched regularly (usually 4-hourly) from Barbados, and 4 ships measured wind, temperature, and relative humidity. They sampled atmospheric variability associated with different ocean surface conditions, synoptic variability, and mesoscale convective organization. The methods of data collection and post-processing for the radiosonde data are described here.
James D. Annan, Julia C. Hargreaves, Thorsten Mauritsen, and Bjorn Stevens
Earth Syst. Dynam., 11, 709–719, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-11-709-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-11-709-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
In this paper we explore the potential of variability for constraining the equilibrium response of the climate system to external forcing. We show that the constraint is inherently skewed, with a long tail to high sensitivity, and that while the variability may contain some useful information, it is unlikely to generate a tight constraint.
Heike Konow, Marek Jacob, Felix Ament, Susanne Crewell, Florian Ewald, Martin Hagen, Lutz Hirsch, Friedhelm Jansen, Mario Mech, and Bjorn Stevens
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 11, 921–934, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-921-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-921-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
High-resolution measurements of maritime clouds are relatively scarce. Airborne cloud radar, microwave radiometer and dropsonde observations are used to expand these data. The measurements are unified into one data set to enable easy joint analyses of several or all instruments together to gain insight into cloud properties and atmospheric state. The data set contains measurements from four campaigns between December 2013 and October 2016 over the tropical and midlatitude Atlantic.
Stephanie Fiedler, Bjorn Stevens, Matthew Gidden, Steven J. Smith, Keywan Riahi, and Detlef van Vuuren
Geosci. Model Dev., 12, 989–1007, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-989-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-989-2019, 2019
Uwe Mikolajewicz, Florian Ziemen, Guido Cioni, Martin Claussen, Klaus Fraedrich, Marvin Heidkamp, Cathy Hohenegger, Diego Jimenez de la Cuesta, Marie-Luise Kapsch, Alexander Lemburg, Thorsten Mauritsen, Katharina Meraner, Niklas Röber, Hauke Schmidt, Katharina D. Six, Irene Stemmler, Talia Tamarin-Brodsky, Alexander Winkler, Xiuhua Zhu, and Bjorn Stevens
Earth Syst. Dynam., 9, 1191–1215, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-9-1191-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-9-1191-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Model experiments show that changing the sense of Earth's rotation has relatively little impact on the globally and zonally averaged energy budgets but leads to large shifts in continental climates and patterns of precipitation. The retrograde world is greener as the desert area shrinks. Deep water formation shifts from the North Atlantic to the North Pacific with subsequent changes in ocean overturning. Over large areas of the Indian Ocean, cyanobacteria dominate over bulk phytoplankton.
Andrew E. Dessler, Thorsten Mauritsen, and Bjorn Stevens
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 5147–5155, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-5147-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-5147-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
One of the most important parameters in climate science is the equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS). Estimates of this quantity based on 20th-century observations suggest low values of ECS (below 2 °C). We show that these calculations may be significantly in error. Together with other recent work on this problem, it seems probable that the ECS is larger than suggested by the 20th-century observations.
Allison A. Wing, Kevin A. Reed, Masaki Satoh, Bjorn Stevens, Sandrine Bony, and Tomoki Ohno
Geosci. Model Dev., 11, 793–813, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-793-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-793-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
RCEMIP, an intercomparison of multiple types of numerical models, is proposed. In RCEMIP, the climate system is modeled in an idealized manner with no spatial dependence of boundary conditions (i.e., sea surface temperature) or forcing (i.e., incoming sunlight). This set of simulations will be used to investigate how the amount of cloudiness changes with warming, how the clustering of clouds changes with warming, and how the state of the atmosphere in this idealized setup varies between models.
Rieke Heinze, Christopher Moseley, Lennart Nils Böske, Shravan Kumar Muppa, Vera Maurer, Siegfried Raasch, and Bjorn Stevens
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 7083–7109, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-7083-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-7083-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
High-resolution multi-week simulations of a measurement campaign are evaluated with respect to mean boundary layer quantities and turbulence statistics. Two models are used in a semi-idealized setup through forcing, with output from a coarser-scale model to account for the larger-scale conditions. The boundary layer depth is in principal agreement with observations. Turbulence statistics like variance profiles agree satisfactorily with measurements.
Bjorn Stevens, Stephanie Fiedler, Stefan Kinne, Karsten Peters, Sebastian Rast, Jobst Müsse, Steven J. Smith, and Thorsten Mauritsen
Geosci. Model Dev., 10, 433–452, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-433-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-433-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
A simple analytic description of aerosol optical properties and their main effects on clouds is developed and described. The analytic description is easy to use and easy to modify and should aid experimentation to help understand how aerosol radiative and cloud interactions effect climate and circulation. The climatology is recommended for adoption by models participating in the sixth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project.
Mark J. Webb, Timothy Andrews, Alejandro Bodas-Salcedo, Sandrine Bony, Christopher S. Bretherton, Robin Chadwick, Hélène Chepfer, Hervé Douville, Peter Good, Jennifer E. Kay, Stephen A. Klein, Roger Marchand, Brian Medeiros, A. Pier Siebesma, Christopher B. Skinner, Bjorn Stevens, George Tselioudis, Yoko Tsushima, and Masahiro Watanabe
Geosci. Model Dev., 10, 359–384, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-359-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-359-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
The Cloud Feedback Model Intercomparison Project (CFMIP) aims to improve understanding of cloud-climate feedback mechanisms and evaluation of cloud processes and cloud feedbacks in climate models. CFMIP also aims to improve understanding of circulation, regional-scale precipitation and non-linear changes. CFMIP is contributing to the 6th phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) by coordinating a hierarchy of targeted experiments with cloud-related model outputs.
Matthew Toohey, Bjorn Stevens, Hauke Schmidt, and Claudia Timmreck
Geosci. Model Dev., 9, 4049–4070, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-4049-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-4049-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Stratospheric sulfate aerosols from volcanic eruptions have a significant impact on the Earth's climate. The Easy Volcanic Aerosol (EVA) volcanic forcing generator provides a tool whereby the optical properties of volcanic aerosols can be included in climate model simulations in a self-consistent, complete, and flexible manner. EVA is based on satellite observations of the 1991 Pinatubo eruption but can be applied to any real or hypothetical eruption of interest.
Robert Pincus, Piers M. Forster, and Bjorn Stevens
Geosci. Model Dev., 9, 3447–3460, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-3447-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-3447-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
This paper describes an experimental protocol to understand the changes in energy balance (the "radiative forcing") that arise due to changes in atmospheric composition and why this value is not the same across climate models. The protocol includes a way to determine the total forcing to which each model is subjected, experiments designed at teasing out why certain errors occur, and experiments to identify any robust signals caused by atmospheric particles from human activities.
Veronika Eyring, Sandrine Bony, Gerald A. Meehl, Catherine A. Senior, Bjorn Stevens, Ronald J. Stouffer, and Karl E. Taylor
Geosci. Model Dev., 9, 1937–1958, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-1937-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-1937-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
The objective of CMIP is to better understand past, present, and future climate change in a multi-model context. CMIP's increasing importance and scope is a tremendous success story, but the need to address an ever-expanding range of scientific questions arising from more and more research communities has made it necessary to revise the organization of CMIP. In response to these challenges, we have adopted a more federated structure for the sixth phase of CMIP (i.e. CMIP6) and subsequent phases.
M. Mech, E. Orlandi, S. Crewell, F. Ament, L. Hirsch, M. Hagen, G. Peters, and B. Stevens
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 7, 4539–4553, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-4539-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-4539-2014, 2014
Short summary
Short summary
Here the High Altitude and LOng range research aircraft Microwave Package (HAMP) is introduced. The package consists
of three passive radiometer modules with 26 channels between 22
and 183 GHz and a 36 GHz Doppler cloud radar. The manuscript
describes the instrument specifications, the installation in the aircraft, and the operation. Furthermore, results from simulation
and retrieval studies, as well as measurements from a first test
campaign, are shown.
Jing Cai, Juha Sulo, Yifang Gu, Sebastian Holm, Runlong Cai, Steven Thomas, Almuth Neuberger, Fredrik Mattsson, Marco Paglione, Stefano Decesari, Matteo Rinaldi, Rujing Yin, Diego Aliaga, Wei Huang, Yuanyuan Li, Yvette Gramlich, Giancarlo Ciarelli, Lauriane Quéléver, Nina Sarnela, Katrianne Lehtipalo, Nora Zannoni, Cheng Wu, Wei Nie, Claudia Mohr, Markku Kulmala, Qiaozhi Zha, Dominik Stolzenburg, and Federico Bianchi
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1803, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1803, 2023
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP).
Short summary
Short summary
By combining field measurements, simulations, and recent chamber experiments, we investigate new particle formation (NPF) and its growth in Po Valley, where both haze and frequent NPF occurred. Our results showed sulfuric acid, ammonia, and amines are the dominant NPF precursors there. A high formation rate of NPF and a lower condensation sink lead to a greater survival probability for newly formed particles, highlighting the importance of gas-to-particle conversion to aerosol concentrations.
Fei Liu, Steffen Beirle, Joanna Joiner, Sungyeon Choi, Zhining Tao, K. Emma Knowland, Steven J. Smith, Daniel Q. Tong, Siqi Ma, Zachary T. Fasnacht, and Thomas Wagner
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1842, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1842, 2023
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP).
Short summary
Short summary
Using satellite data, we developed a coupled method independent of the chemical transport model to map NOx emissions across US cities. After validating our technique with synthetic data, we charted NOx emissions from 2018−2021 in 39 cities. Our results closely matched EPA estimates but also highlighted some inconsistencies in both magnitude and spatial distribution. This research can help refine strategies for monitoring and managing air quality.
Glenn-Michael Oomen, Jean-François Müller, Trissevgeni Stavrakou, Isabelle De Smedt, Thomas Blumenstock, Rigel Kivi, Maria Makarova, Mathias Palm, Amelie Röhling, Yao Té, Corinne Vigouroux, Martina M. Friedrich, Udo Frieß, François Hendrick, Alexis Merlaud, Ankie Piters, Andreas Richter, Michel Van Roozendael, and Thomas Wagner
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1972, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1972, 2023
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP).
Short summary
Short summary
Natural emissions from vegetation have a profound impact on air quality for their role in the formation of harmful tropospheric ozone and organic aerosols, yet these emissions are highly uncertain. In this study, we quantify emissions of organic gases over Europe using high-quality satellite measurements of formaldehyde. These satellite observations suggest that emissions from vegetation are much higher than predicted by models, especially in southern Europe.
Xiaoxia Shang, Antti Lipponen, Maria Filioglou, Anu-Maija Sundström, Mark Parrington, Virginie Buchard, Anton S. Darmenov, Ellsworth J. Welton, Eleni Marinou, Vassilis Amiridis, Michael Sicard, Alejandro Rodríguez-Gómez, Mika Komppula, and Tero Mielonen
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1945, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1945, 2023
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP).
Short summary
Short summary
In June 2019, smoke particles from a Canadian wildfire event were transported to Europe. The long-range transported smoke plumes were monitored with a space-borne lidar and reanalysis models. Based on the aerosol mass concentrations estimated from the observations, the reanalysis models had difficulties in reproducing the amount and location of the smoke aerosols during the transport event. Consequently, more spaceborne lidar missions are needed for reliable monitoring of aerosol plumes.
Matthew S. Johnson, Alexei Rozanov, Mark Weber, Nora Mettig, John Sullivan, Michael J. Newchurch, Shi Kuang, Thierry Leblanc, Fernando Chouza, Timothy A. Berkoff, Guillaume Gronoff, Kevin B. Strawbridge, Raul J. Alvarez, Andrew O. Langford, Christoph J. Senff, Guillaume Kirgis, Brandi McCarty, and Larry Twigg
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2023-195, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2023-195, 2023
Preprint under review for AMT
Short summary
Short summary
Monitoring tropospheric ozone (O3), a harmful pollutant negatively impacting human health, is primarily done using ground-based measurements and ozonesondes. However, these observation types lack the coverage to fully understand tropospheric O3. Satellites can retrieve tropospheric ozone with near daily global coverage; however, are known to have biases and errors. This study uses ground-based lidars to validate multiple satellite’s ability to observe tropospheric O3.
Anne-Claire Billault-Roux, Paraskevi Georgakaki, Josué Gehring, Louis Jaffeux, Alfons Schwarzenboeck, Pierre Coutris, Athanasios Nenes, and Alexis Berne
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 10207–10234, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10207-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10207-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Secondary ice production plays a key role in clouds and precipitation. In this study, we analyze radar measurements from a snowfall event in the Jura Mountains. Complex signatures are observed, which reveal that ice crystals were formed through various processes. An analysis of multi-sensor data suggests that distinct ice multiplication processes were taking place. Both the methods used and the insights gained through this case study contribute to a better understanding of snowfall microphysics.
Imke Schirmacher, Pavlos Kollias, Katia Lamer, Mario Mech, Lukas Pfitzenmaier, Manfred Wendisch, and Susanne Crewell
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 16, 4081–4100, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-4081-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-4081-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
CloudSat’s relatively coarse spatial resolution, low sensitivity, and blind zone limit its assessment of Arctic low-level clouds, which affect the surface energy balance. We compare cloud fractions from CloudSat and finely resolved airborne radar observations to determine CloudSat’s limitations. Cloudsat overestimates cloud fractions above its blind zone, especially during cold-air outbreaks over open water, and misses a cloud fraction of 32 % and half of the precipitation inside its blind zone.
Xurong Wang, Qiaoqiao Wang, Maria Prass, Christopher Pöhlker, Daniel Moran-Zuloaga, Paulo Artaxo, Jianwei Gu, Ning Yang, Xiajie Yang, Jiangchuan Tao, Juan Hong, Nan Ma, Yafang Cheng, Hang Su, and Meinrat O. Andreae
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 9993–10014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9993-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9993-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In this work, with an optimized particle mass size distribution, we captured observed aerosol optical depth (AOD) and coarse aerosol concentrations over source and/or receptor regions well, demonstrating good performance in simulating export of African dust toward the Amazon Basin. In addition to factors controlling the transatlantic transport of African dust, the study investigated the impact of African dust over the Amazon Basin, including the nutrient inputs associated with dust deposition.
Olivia Linke, Johannes Quaas, Finja Baumer, Sebastian Becker, Jan Chylik, Sandro Dahlke, André Ehrlich, Dörthe Handorf, Christoph Jacobi, Heike Kalesse-Los, Luca Lelli, Sina Mehrdad, Roel A. J. Neggers, Johannes Riebold, Pablo Saavedra Garfias, Niklas Schnierstein, Matthew D. Shupe, Chris Smith, Gunnar Spreen, Baptiste Verneuil, Kameswara S. Vinjamuri, Marco Vountas, and Manfred Wendisch
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 9963–9992, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9963-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9963-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Lapse rate feedback (LRF) is a major driver of the Arctic amplification (AA) of climate change. It arises because the warming is stronger at the surface than aloft. Several processes can affect the LRF in the Arctic, such as the omnipresent temperature inversion. Here, we compare multimodel climate simulations to Arctic-based observations from a large research consortium to broaden our understanding of these processes, find synergy among them, and constrain the Arctic LRF and AA.
Volker Wulfmeyer, Christoph Senff, Florian Späth, Andreas Behrendt, Diego Lange, Robert M. Banta, W. Alan Brewer, Andreas Wieser, and David D. Turner
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2023-183, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2023-183, 2023
Preprint under review for AMT
Short summary
Short summary
A simultaneous deployment of Doppler, temperature, and water-vapor lidar systems is used to provide profiles of molecular destruction rates and turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) dissipation in the convective boundary layer (CBL). The results can be used for the parameterization of turbulent variables, TKE budget analyses, and the verification of weather forecast and climate models.
Xiaoyu Fan, Baylor Fox-Kemper, Nobuhiro Suzuki, Qing Li, Patrick Marchesiello, Francis Auclair, Peter P. Sullivan, and Paul S. Hall
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1657, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1657, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Simulations of the oceanic turbulent boundary layer using the nonhydrostatic CROCO ROMS and NCAR-LES models are compared. CROCO and the NCAR-LES are similarly accurate, but CROCO’s additional features (e.g., nesting and realism) and its compressible turbulence formulation carry additional costs.
Thomas Schwitalla, Lisa Jach, Volker Wulfmeyer, and Kirsten Warrach-Sagi
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1725, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1725, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
During the last decades, Europe experienced severe drought and heatwave conditions. To provide an overview, how land-surface conditions shape land-atmosphere (LA) coupling, the interannual LA coupling strength variability for the summer seasons 1991–2022 is investigated. The results clearly reflect the ongoing climate change by a shift in the coupling relationships toward reinforced heating and drying by the land surface under heatwave and drought conditions.
Andrea Cuesta-Mosquera, Kristina Glojek, Griša Močnik, Luka Drinovec, Asta Gregorič, Martin Rigler, Matej Ogrin, Baseerat Romshoo, Kay Weinhold, Maik Merkel, Dominik van Pinxteren, Hartmut Herrmann, Alfred Wiedensohler, Mira Pöhlker, and Thomas Müller
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1874, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1874, 2023
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP).
Short summary
Short summary
This study evaluated the air pollution and climate impacts of residential wood burning particle emissions from a location in rural Europe. The authors investigate the physical properties that connect these emissions with climate change, through the evaluation of atmospheric radiative impacts via simple calculations. The study contributes to reducing the lack of information that produces large uncertainties in understanding the climate impacts of air pollution from anthropogenic sources.
Manfred Wendisch, Johannes Stapf, Sebastian Becker, André Ehrlich, Evelyn Jäkel, Marcus Klingebiel, Christof Lüpkes, Michael Schäfer, and Matthew D. Shupe
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 9647–9667, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9647-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9647-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Atmospheric radiation measurements have been conducted during two field campaigns using research aircraft. The data are analyzed to see if the near-surface air in the Arctic is warmed or cooled if warm–humid air masses from the south enter the Arctic or cold–dry air moves from the north from the Arctic to mid-latitude areas. It is important to study these processes and to check if climate models represent them well. Otherwise it is not possible to reliably forecast the future Arctic climate.
Andres Yarce Botero, Michiel van Weele, Arjo Segers, Pier Siebesma, and Henk Eskes
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1418, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1418, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
HARMONIE WINS50 reanalysis data with 0.025° × 0.025° resolution from 2019 to 2021 was coupled with the LOTOS-EUROS Chemical Transport Model. HARMONIE and ECMWF meteorology configurations against Cabauw observations (52.0N; 4.9W) were evaluated as simulated NO2 concentrations with ground-level sensors. Differences in crucial meteorological input parameters (boundary layer height, vertical diffusion coefficient) between the hydrostatic (ECMWF) and non-hydrostatic (HARMONIE) models were analyzed.
Declan L. Finney, Alan M. Blyth, Martin Gallagher, Huihui Wu, Graeme Nott, Mike Biggerstaff, Richard G. Sonnenfeld, Martin Daily, Dan Walker, David Dufton, Keith Bower, Steven Boeing, Thomas Choularton, Jonathan Crosier, James Groves, Paul R. Field, Hugh Coe, Benjamin J. Murray, Gary Lloyd, Nicholas A. Marsden, Michael Flynn, Kezhen Hu, Naveneeth M. Thamban, Paul I. Williams, James B. McQuaid, Joseph Robinson, Gordon Carrie, Robert Moore, Graydon Aulich, Ralph R. Burton, and Paul J. Connolly
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2023-303, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2023-303, 2023
Preprint under review for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
Deep convective clouds are a source of large uncertainty in predictions of surface temperature response to carbon dioxide. It is the effect of clouds on incoming sunlight and outgoing heat that matters. The DCMEX 2022 campaign in New Mexico collected data with an aircraft, radars, and other instruments. They give new detail on the role of aerosol and cloud ice in cloud formation. Combined with satellite data, the dataset can be used to explore the cloud impact on sunlight and heat.
Arne Bendinger, Sophie Cravatte, Lionel Gourdeau, Laurent Brodeau, Aurélie Albert, Michel Tchilibou, Florent Lyard, and Clément Vic
Ocean Sci., 19, 1315–1338, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-19-1315-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-19-1315-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
New Caledonia is a hot spot of internal-tide generation due to complex bathymetry. Regional modeling quantifies the coherent internal tide and shows that most energy is converted in shallow waters and on very steep slopes. The region is a challenge for observability of balanced dynamics due to strong internal-tide sea surface height (SSH) signatures at similar wavelengths. Correcting the SSH for the coherent internal tide may increase the observability of balanced motion to < 100 km.
Erin K. Boedicker, Elisabeth Andrews, Patrick J. Sheridan, and Patricia K. Quinn
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 9525–9547, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9525-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9525-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We present 15 years of measurements from a marine site on the northern California coast and characterize the seasonal trends of aerosol ion composition and optical properties at the site. We investigate the relationship between the chemical and optical properties and show that they both support similar seasonal variations in aerosol sources at the site. Additionally, we show through comparisons to other marine aerosol observations that the site is representative of a clean marine environment.
Sophie Rosenburg, Charlotte Lange, Evelyn Jäkel, Michael Schäfer, André Ehrlich, and Manfred Wendisch
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 16, 3915–3930, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-3915-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-3915-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Snow layer melting and melt pond formation on Arctic sea ice are important seasonal processes affecting the surface reflection and energy budget. Sea ice reflectivity was surveyed by airborne imaging spectrometers in May–June 2017. Adapted retrieval approaches were applied to find snow layer liquid water fraction, snow grain effective radius, and melt pond depth. The retrievals show the potential and limitations of spectral airborne imaging to map melting snow layer and melt pond properties.
Amelie U. Schmitt, Felix Ament, Alessandro C. de Araújo, Marta Sá, and Paulo Teixeira
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 9323–9346, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9323-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9323-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Tall vegetation in forests affects the exchange of heat and moisture between the atmosphere and the land surface. We compared measurements from the Amazon Tall Tower Observatory to results from a land surface model to identify model shortcomings. Our results suggest that soil temperatures in the model could be improved by incorporating a separate canopy layer which represents the heat storage within the forest.
Hauke Schmidt, Sebastian Rast, Jiawei Bao, Shih-Wei Fang, Diego Jimenez-de la Cuesta, Paul Keil, Lukas Kluft, Clarissa Kroll, Theresa Lang, Ulrike Niemeier, Andrea Schneidereit, Andrew I. L. Williams, and Bjorn Stevens
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1575, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1575, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
A recent development in numerical models of the global atmosphere is the increase of horizontal resolution from the order of hundred to a few kilometers grid spacing. However, the vertical grid spacing of these models has not been reduced at the same rate as the horizontal grid spacing. Here we assess effects of much finer vertical grid spacings in particular on cloud quantities and the atmospheric energy balance.
Oliver Branch, Lisa Jach, Thomas Schwitalla, Kirsten Warrach-Sagi, and Volker Wulfmeyer
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1771, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1771, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In the United Arab Emirates, water scarcity is reaching crisis point, and new methods for obtaining freshwater are urgently needed. Regional climate engineering with large artificial heat islands can enhance desert precipitation by increasing cloud development. Through model simulation, we show that heat islands of 20 × 20 km or larger can potentially produce enough annual rainfall to supply thousands of people. Thus, artificial heat islands should be made a high priority for further research.
Abhiraj Bishnoi, Olaf Stein, Catrin I. Meyer, René Redler, Norbert Eicker, Helmuth Haak, Lars Hoffmann, Daniel Klocke, Luis Kornblueh, and Estela Suarez
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1476, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1476, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We enabled the weather and climate model ICON to run in a high-resolution coupled atmosphere-ocean setup on the JUWELS supercomputer, where the ocean and the model I/O runs on the CPU Cluster, while the atmosphere is running simultaneously on GPUs. Compared to a simulation performed on CPUs only, our approach reduces energy consumption by 59 % with comparable runtimes. The experiments serve as preparation for efficient computing of kilometer-scale climate models on future supercomputing systems.
Prasanth Prabhakaran, Fabian Hoffmann, and Graham Feingold
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1720, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1720, 2023
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP).
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we explore the impact of deliberate aerosol perturbation in the in the North-East Pacific region using large-eddy simulations. Our results show that cloud reflectivity is sensitive to the aerosol sprayer arrangement in the pristine system, whereas in the polluted system it is largely proportional to the total number of aerosol particles injected. These insights would aid in assessing the efficiency of various aerosol injection strategies for climate intervention applications.
Nicolas Metzl, Jonathan Fin, Claire Lo Monaco, Claude Mignon, Samir Alliouane, David Antoine, Guillaume Bourdin, Jacqueline Boutin, Yann Bozec, Pascal Conan, Laurent Coppola, Frédéric Diaz, Eric Douville, Xavier Durrieu de Madron, Jean-Pierre Gattuso, Frédéric Gazeau, Melek Golbol, Bruno Lansard, Dominique Lefèvre, Nathalie Lefèvre, Fabien Lombard, Férial Louanchi, Liliane Merlivat, Léa Olivier, Anne Petrenko, Sébastien Petton, Mireille Pujo-Pay, Christophe Rabouille, Gilles Reverdin, Céline Ridame, Aline Tribollet, Vincenzo Vellucci, Thibaut Wagener, and Cathy Wimart-Rousseau
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2023-308, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2023-308, 2023
Preprint under review for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
This work presents a synthesis of 44 000 total alkalinity and total dissolved inorganic carbon observations obtained between 1993 and 2022 in the global ocean and the Mediterranean Sea in surface and water column. Seawater samples were measured using the same method and calibrated with international certified reference material. We describe the data assemblage, quality control and discuss some potential uses of this dataset.
Zhibo Shao, Yangchun Xu, Hua Wang, Weicheng Luo, Lice Wang, Yuhong Huang, Nona Sheila R. Agawin, Ayaz Ahmed, Mar Benavides, Mikkel Bentzon-Tilia, Ilana Berman-Frank, Hugo Berthelot, Isabelle C. Biegala, Mariana B. Bif, Antonio Bode, Sophie Bonnet, Deborah A. Bronk, Mark V. Brown, Lisa Campbell, Douglas G. Capone, Edward J. Carpenter, Nicolas Cassar, Bonnie X. Chang, Dreux Chappell, Yuh-ling Lee Chen, Matthew J. Church, Francisco M. Cornejo-Castillo, Amália Maria Sacilotto Detoni, Scott C. Doney, Cecile Dupouy, Marta Estrada, Camila Fernandez, Bieito Fernández-Castro, Debany Fonseca-Batista, Rachel A. Foster, Ken Furuya, Nicole Garcia, Kanji Goto, Jesús Gago, Mary R. Gradoville, M. Robert Hamersley, Britt A. Henke, Cora Hörstmann, Amal Jayakumar, Zhibing Jiang, Shuh-Ji Kao, David M. Karl, Leila R. Kittu, Angela N. Knapp, Sanjeev Kumar, Julie LaRoche, Hongbin Liu, Jiaxing Liu, Caroline Lory, Carolin R. Löscher, Emilio Marañón, Lauren F. Messer, Matthew M. Mills, Wiebke Mohr, Pia H. Moisander, Claire Mahaffey, Robert Moore, Beatriz Mouriño-Carballido, Margaret R. Mulholland, Shin-ichiro Nakaoka, Joseph A. Needoba, Eric J. Raes, Eyal Rahav, Teodoro Ramírez-Cárdenas, Christian Furbo Reeder, Lasse Riemann, Virginie Riou, Julie C. Robidart, Vedula V. S. S. Sarma, Takuya Sato, Himanshu Saxena, Corday Selden, Justin R. Seymour, Dalin Shi, Takuhei Shiozaki, Arvind Singh, Rachel E. Sipler, Jun Sun, Koji Suzuki, Kazutaka Takahashi, Yehui Tan, Weiyi Tang, Jean-Éric Tremblay, Kendra Turk-Kubo, Zuozhu Wen, Angelicque E. White, Samuel T. Wilson, Takashi Yoshida, Jonathan P. Zehr, Run Zhang, Yao Zhang, and Ya-Wei Luo
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 3673–3709, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3673-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3673-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
N2 fixation by marine diazotrophs is an important bioavailable N source to the global ocean. This updated global oceanic diazotroph database increases the number of in situ measurements of N2 fixation rates, diazotrophic cell abundances, and nifH gene copy abundances by 184 %, 86 %, and 809 %, respectively. Using the updated database, the global marine N2 fixation rate is estimated at 223 ± 30 Tg N yr−1, which triplicates that using the original database.
Sunil Baidar, Timothy J. Wagner, David D. Turner, and W. Alan Brewer
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 16, 3715–3726, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-3715-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-3715-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This paper provides a new method to retrieve wind profiles from coherent Doppler lidar (CDL) measurements. It takes advantage of layer-to-layer correlation in wind profiles to provide continuous profiles of up to 3 km by filling in the gaps where the CDL signal is too small to retrieve reliable results by itself. Comparison with the current method and collocated radiosonde wind measurements showed excellent agreement with no degradation in results where the current method gives valid results.
Cedric Gacial Ngoungue Langue, Christophe Lavaysse, and Cyrille Flamant
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2023-144, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2023-144, 2023
Preprint under review for NHESS
Short summary
Short summary
The present study addresses the predictability of heat waves (HWs) at sub-seasonal to seasonal time scales in West African cities over the period 2001–2020. Two models namely the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts and the UK Met Office models, were evaluated using two reanalyses. The forecast models show significant skills in predicting HWs days compared to a baseline climatology upon two weeks lead time. We find that nighttime HWs are more predictable than daytime HWs.
Melanie Lauer, Annette Rinke, Irina Gorodetskaya, Michael Sprenger, Mario Mech, and Susanne Crewell
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 8705–8726, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8705-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8705-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We present a new method to analyse the influence of atmospheric rivers (ARs), cyclones, and fronts on the precipitation in the Arctic, based on two campaigns: ACLOUD (early summer 2017) and AFLUX (early spring 2019). There are differences between both campaign periods: in early summer, the precipitation is mostly related to ARs and fronts, especially when they are co-located, while in early spring, cyclones isolated from ARs and fronts contributed most to the precipitation.
Evelyn Jäkel, Sebastian Becker, Tim R. Sperzel, Hannah Niehaus, Gunnar Spreen, Ran Tao, Marcel Nicolaus, Wolfgang Dorn, Annette Rinke, Jörg Brauchle, and Manfred Wendisch
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1337, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1337, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The results of the surface albedo scheme of a coupled regional climate model were evaluated against airborne and ground-based measurements conducted in the European Arctic at different seasons between 2017 and 2022. We found a seasonal-dependent bias between measured and modeled surface albedo for cloudless and cloudy situations. The strongest effects of the albedo model bias on the net irradiance were most apparent in the presence of optically thin clouds.
Saeed Hariri, Sabrina Speich, Bruno Blanke, and Marina Lévy
Ocean Sci., 19, 1183–1201, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-19-1183-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-19-1183-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This work presents a series of studies conducted by the authors on the application of the Lagrangian approach for the connectivity analysis between different ocean locations in an idealized open-ocean model. We assess how the connectivity properties of typical oceanic flows are affected by the fine-scale circulation and discuss the challenges facing ocean connectivity estimates related to the spatial resolution. Our results are important to improve the understanding of marine ecosystems.
Armin Sorooshian, Mikhail D. Alexandrov, Adam D. Bell, Ryan Bennett, Grace Betito, Sharon P. Burton, Megan E. Buzanowicz, Brian Cairns, Eduard V. Chemyakin, Gao Chen, Yonghoon Choi, Brian L. Collister, Anthony L. Cook, Andrea F. Corral, Ewan C. Crosbie, Bastiaan van Diedenhoven, Joshua P. DiGangi, Glenn S. Diskin, Sanja Dmitrovic, Eva-Lou Edwards, Marta A. Fenn, Richard A. Ferrare, David van Gilst, Johnathan W. Hair, David B. Harper, Miguel Ricardo A. Hilario, Chris A. Hostetler, Nathan Jester, Michael Jones, Simon Kirschler, Mary M. Kleb, John M. Kusterer, Sean Leavor, Joseph W. Lee, Hongyu Liu, Kayla McCauley, Richard H. Moore, Joseph Nied, Anthony Notari, John B. Nowak, David Painemal, Kasey E. Phillips, Claire E. Robinson, Amy Jo Scarino, Joseph S. Schlosser, Shane T. Seaman, Chellappan Seethala, Taylor J. Shingler, Michael A. Shook, Kenneth A. Sinclair, William L. Smith Jr., Douglas A. Spangenberg, Snorre A. Stamnes, Kenneth L. Thornhill, Christiane Voigt, Holger Vömel, Andrzej P. Wasilewski, Hailong Wang, Edward L. Winstead, Kira Zeider, Xubin Zeng, Bo Zhang, Luke D. Ziemba, and Paquita Zuidema
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 3419–3472, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3419-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3419-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The NASA Aerosol Cloud meTeorology Interactions oVer the western ATlantic Experiment (ACTIVATE) produced a unique dataset for research into aerosol–cloud–meteorology interactions. HU-25 Falcon and King Air aircraft conducted systematic and spatially coordinated flights over the northwest Atlantic Ocean. This paper describes the ACTIVATE flight strategy, instrument and complementary dataset products, data access and usage details, and data application notes.
Henning Dorff, Heike Konow, Vera Schemann, and Felix Ament
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1570, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1570, 2023
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP).
Short summary
Short summary
Using synthetic dropsondes, we assess how discrete spatial sampling and temporal evolution during flight affect the accuracy of real sonde-based moisture transport divergence in arctic Atmospheric Rivers (ARs). Non-instantaneous sampling during temporal AR evolution deteriorates the divergence values more than spatial undersampling. Moisture advection is the dominating factor but most sensitive to the sampling method. We suggest a minimum of seven sondes to resolve the AR divergence components.
Valerian Hahn, Ralf Meerkötter, Christiane Voigt, Sonja Gisinger, Daniel Sauer, Valéry Catoire, Volker Dreiling, Hugh Coe, Cyrille Flamant, Stefan Kaufmann, Jonas Kleine, Peter Knippertz, Manuel Moser, Philip Rosenberg, Hans Schlager, Alfons Schwarzenboeck, and Jonathan Taylor
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 8515–8530, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8515-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8515-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
During the DACCIWA campaign in West Africa, we found a 35 % increase in the cloud droplet concentration that formed in a polluted compared with a less polluted environment and a decrease of 17 % in effective droplet diameter. Radiative transfer simulations, based on the measured cloud properties, reveal that these low-level polluted clouds radiate only 2.6 % more energy back to space, compared with a less polluted cloud. The corresponding additional decrease in temperature is rather small.
Akriti Masoom, Ilias Fountoulakis, Stelios Kazadzis, Ioannis-Panagiotis Raptis, Anna Kampouri, Basil E. Psiloglou, Dimitra Kouklaki, Kyriakoula Papachristopoulou, Eleni Marinou, Stavros Solomos, Anna Gialitaki, Dimitra Founda, Vasileios Salamalikis, Dimitris Kaskaoutis, Natalia Kouremeti, Nikolaos Mihalopoulos, Vassilis Amiridis, Andreas Kazantzidis, Alexandros Papayannis, Christos S. Zerefos, and Kostas Eleftheratos
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 8487–8514, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8487-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8487-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We analyse the spatial and temporal aerosol spectral optical properties during the extreme wildfires of August 2021 in Greece and assess their effects on air quality and solar radiation quantities related to health, agriculture, and energy. Different aerosol conditions are identified (pure smoke, pure dust, dust–smoke together); the largest impact on solar radiation quantities is found for cases with mixed dust–smoke aerosols. Such situations are expected to occur more frequently in the future.
Silke Groß, Tina Jurkat-Witschas, Qiang Li, Martin Wirth, Benedikt Urbanek, Martina Krämer, Ralf Weigel, and Christiane Voigt
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 8369–8381, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8369-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8369-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Aviation-emitted aerosol can have an impact on cirrus clouds. We present optical and microphysical properties of mid-latitude cirrus clouds which were formed under the influence of aviation-emitted aerosol or which were formed under rather pristine conditions. We find that cirrus clouds affected by aviation-emitted aerosol show larger values of the particle linear depolarization ratio, larger mean effective ice particle diameters and decreased ice particle number concentrations.
Michael Lonardi, Elisa F. Akansu, André Ehrlich, Mauro Mazzola, Christian Pilz, Matthew D. Shupe, Holger Siebert, and Manfred Wendisch
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1396, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1396, 2023
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP).
Short summary
Short summary
Profiles of thermal-infrared irradiance were measured at two Arctic sites. The presence or lack of clouds influences the vertical structure of these observations. In particular, the cloud top region is a source of radiative energy that can promote cooling and mixing in the cloud layer. Simulations are used to further characterize how the amount of water in the cloud modifies this forcing. Two case studies additionally showcase the evolution of the radiation profiles in a dynamic atmosphere.
William Bertrand, Jennifer E. Kay, John Haynes, and Gijs de Boer
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2023-265, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2023-265, 2023
Preprint under review for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
The vertical structure of clouds has a profound effect on global energy flows, air circulation, and the hydrologic cycle. Two satellite instruments, CloudSat radar and CALIPSO lidar, have taken complementary measurements of cloud vertical structure for over a decade. Here we present the 3S-GEOPROF-COMB product, a globally-gridded satellite data product combining CloudSat and CALIPSO observations of cloud vertical structure.
Steffen Beirle, Christian Borger, Adrian Jost, and Thomas Wagner
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 3051–3073, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3051-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3051-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We present a catalog of nitrogen oxide emissions from point sources (like power plants or metal smelters) based on satellite observations of NO2 combined with meteorological wind fields.
Christian Borger, Steffen Beirle, and Thomas Wagner
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 3023–3049, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3023-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3023-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study presents a long-term data set of monthly mean total column water vapour (TCWV) based on measurements of the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) covering the time range from January 2005 to December 2020. We describe how the TCWV values are retrieved from UV–Vis satellite spectra and demonstrate that the OMI TCWV data set is in good agreement with various different reference data sets. Moreover, we also show that it fulfills typical stability requirements for climate data records.
Ben Maybee, Cathryn E. Birch, Steven J. Böing, Thomas Willis, Linda Speight, Aurore N. Porson, Charlie Pilling, Kay L. Shelton, and Mark A. Trigg
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2023-83, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2023-83, 2023
Preprint under review for NHESS
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents the development and verification of FOREWARNS, a novel method for regional-scale forecasting of surface water flooding. We detail outcomes from a workshop held with UK forecast users, who indicated they valued the forecasts and would use them to complement national guidance. We use results of objective forecast tests against flood observations over Northern England to show that this confidence is justified, and that FOREWARNS meets the needs of UK flood responders.
Jonathan Wiskandt, Inga Monika Koszalka, and Johan Nilsson
The Cryosphere, 17, 2755–2777, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-2755-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-2755-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Understanding ice–ocean interactions under floating ice tongues in Greenland and Antarctica is a major challenge in climate modelling and a source of uncertainty in future sea level projections. We use a high-resolution ocean model to investigate basal melting and melt-driven circulation under the floating tongue of Ryder Glacier, northwestern Greenland. We study the response to oceanic and atmospheric warming. Our results are universal and relevant for the development of climate models.
Thomas Wagner and Jānis Puķīte
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2023-103, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2023-103, 2023
Revised manuscript under review for AMT
Short summary
Short summary
We present an radiance calibration method based on the comparison of measurements and radiative transfer simulations of the zenith-scattered sun radiance during twilight. Cloud-free conditions are required. The method can be applied to measurements in the filed, and no laboratory measurements are required. The accuracy is estimated to range from about 4 % at 340 nm to about 10 % at 700 nm.
Patrick Chazette and Jean-Christophe Raut
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2023-122, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2023-122, 2023
Revised manuscript under review for AMT
Short summary
Short summary
The vertical profiles of effective radius of ice crystals and ice water content in Arctic semi-transparent stratiform clouds were assessed using quantitative ground-based lidar measurements. The field campaign was part of the Pollution in the ARCtic System (PARCS) project which took place from 13 to 26 May 2016 in Hammerfest (70° 39′ 48″ N, 23° 41′ 00″ E). We show that under certain cloud conditions, lidar measurement combined with a dedicated algorithmic approach is an efficient tool.
Rolf Müller, Uli Pöschl, Thomas Koop, Thomas Peter, and Ken Carslaw
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1467, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1467, 2023
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP).
Short summary
Short summary
This paper is a short summary of the scientific work of Paul Crutzen and its impact on society. Particular focus is on his role as a founding member of the journal atmospheric chemistry and physics (ACP) and the Anthropocene.
Gina C. Jozef, Robert Klingel, John J. Cassano, Björn Maronga, Gijs de Boer, Sandro Dahlke, and Christopher J. Cox
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2023-141, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2023-141, 2023
Preprint under review for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
Observations from the MOSAiC expedition relating to lower atmospheric temperature, wind, stability, moisture, and surface radiation budget from radiosondes, a meteorological tower, radiation station, and ceilometer were compiled to create a dataset which describes the thermodynamic and kinematic state of the central Arctic lower atmosphere between October 2019 and September 2020. This paper describes the methods used to develop this lower atmospheric properties dataset.
Manuel Moser, Christiane Voigt, Tina Jurkat-Witschas, Valerian Hahn, Guillaume Mioche, Olivier Jourdan, Régis Dupuy, Christophe Gourbeyre, Alfons Schwarzenboeck, Johannes Lucke, Yvonne Boose, Mario Mech, Stephan Borrmann, André Ehrlich, Andreas Herber, Christof Lüpkes, and Manfred Wendisch
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 7257–7280, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7257-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7257-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study provides a comprehensive microphysical and thermodynamic phase analysis of low-level clouds in the northern Fram Strait, above the sea ice and the open ocean, during spring and summer. Using airborne in situ cloud data, we show that the properties of Arctic low-level clouds vary significantly with seasonal meteorological situations and surface conditions. The observations presented in this study can help one to assess the role of clouds in the Arctic climate system.
Karina McCusker, Anthony J. Baran, Chris Westbrook, Stuart Fox, Patrick Eriksson, Richard Cotton, Julien Delanoë, and Florian Ewald
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2023-126, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2023-126, 2023
Preprint under review for AMT
Short summary
Short summary
Polarised radiative transfer simulations are performed using an atmospheric model based on in-situ measurements. These are compared to large polarisation measurements, to explore whether such measurements can provide information on cloud ice, e.g. particle shape and orientation. We find that using oriented particle models with shapes based on imagery generally allows for accurate simulations. However, results are sensitive to shape assumptions such as the choice of single crystals or aggregates.
Philipp Gregor, Tobias Zinner, Fabian Jakub, and Bernhard Mayer
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 16, 3257–3271, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-3257-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-3257-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This work introduces MACIN, a model for short-term forecasting of direct irradiance for solar energy applications. MACIN exploits cloud images of multiple cameras to predict irradiance. The model is applied to artificial images of clouds from a weather model. The artificial cloud data allow for a more in-depth evaluation and attribution of errors compared with real data. Good performance of derived cloud information and significant forecast improvements over a baseline forecast were found.
Christian Matar, Céline Cornet, Frédéric Parol, Laurent C.-Labonnote, Frédérique Auriol, and Marc Nicolas
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 16, 3221–3243, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-3221-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-3221-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The optimal estimation formalism is applied to OSIRIS airborne high-resolution multi-angular measurements to retrieve COT and Reff. The corresponding uncertainties related to measurement errors, which are up to 6 and 12 %, the non-retrieved parameters, which are less than 0.5 %, and the cloud model assumptions show that the heterogeneous vertical profiles and the 3D radiative transfer effects lead to average uncertainties of 5 and 4 % for COT and 13 and 9 % for Reff.
Jérémy Gueffier, François Gheusi, Marie Lothon, Véronique Pont, Alban Philibert, Fabienne Lohou, Solène Derrien, Yannick Bezombes, Gilles Athier, Yves Meyerfeld, and Antoine Vial
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-409, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-409, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates the link between weather regimes and atmospheric composition at a Pyrenean observatory. Five years of meteorological data were synchronized on a daily basis, then, using a clustering method, separated into 6 groups of observation days, most of them showing marked characteristics of different weather regimes (fair and disturbed weather, winter windstorms, foehn). Statistical differences in gas and particle concentrations appeared between the groups, and were discussed.
Alizée Roobaert, Pierre Regnier, Peter Landschützer, and Goulven G. Laruelle
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2023-228, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2023-228, 2023
Preprint under review for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
Advancements in understanding the coastal air-sea CO2 exchange (FCO2) have been made, but long-term temporal trends remain unclear. Based on observations and a machine learning approach, we reconstructs the longest global time series of coastal FCO2 (1982 to 2020). Results show the coastal ocean acts as a CO2 sink, with increasing intensity over time. This new coastal FCO2 product allows establishing regional carbon budgets and provides new constraints for closing the global carbon cycle.
Gabriela Rosalino Unfer, Luiz Augusto Toledo Machado, Paulo Artaxo, Marco Aurelio Franco, Leslie A. Kremper, Mira L. Pöhlker, Ulrich Pöschl, and Christopher Pöhlker
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1361, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1361, 2023
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP).
Short summary
Short summary
Amazonian aerosols and their interactions with precipitation were studied by proposing its understanding in a 3D space based on three parameters that characterize the concentration and size distribution of aerosols. The results showed characteristic arrangements regarding seasonal and diurnal cycles, as well as when interacting with precipitation. The use of this 3D space appears to be a promising tool for aerosol populations analysis and for model validation and parameterization.
Samira Atabakhsh, Laurent Poulain, Gang Chen, Francesco Canonaco, André S. H. Prévôt, Mira Pöhlker, Alfred Wiedensohler, and Hartmut Herrmann
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 6963–6988, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-6963-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-6963-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The study focuses on the aerosol chemical variations found in the rural-background station of Melpitz based on ACSM and MAAP measurements. Source apportionment on both organic aerosol (OA) and black carbon (eBC) was performed, and source seasonality was also linked to air mass trajectories. Overall, three anthropogenic sources were identified in OA and eBC plus two additional aged OA. Our results demonstrate the influence of transported coal-combustion-related OA even during summer time.
Sebastian Becker, André Ehrlich, Michael Schäfer, and Manfred Wendisch
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 7015–7031, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7015-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7015-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study analyses the variability of the warming or cooling effect of clouds on the Arctic surface. Therefore, aircraft radiation measurements were performed over sea ice and open ocean during three seasonally different campaigns. It is found that clouds cool the open-ocean surface most strongly in summer. Over sea ice, clouds warm the surface in spring but have a neutral effect in summer. Due to the variable sea ice extent, clouds warm the surface during spring but cool it during late summer.
Alina Fiehn, Maximilian Eckl, Julian Kostinek, Michał Gałkowski, Christoph Gerbig, Michael Rothe, Thomas Röckmann, Malika Menoud, Hossein Maazallahi, Martina Schmidt, Piotr Korbeń, Jarosław Neçki, Mila Stanisavljević, Justyna Swolkień, Andreas Fix, and Anke Roiger
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1217, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1217, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
During the CoMet mission in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin (USCB) ground-based and airborne air samples were taken, and analyzed for the isotopic composition of CH4 to derive the mean signature of the USCB and the source signatures of individual coal mines. Using δ2H signatures, the biogenic emissions from the USCB account for 15–50 % of total emissions, which is underestimated in common emission inventories. This demonstrates the importance of δ2H-CH4 observations for methane source attribution.
Valery Shcherbakov, Frédéric Szczap, Guillaume Mioche, and Céline Cornet
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2023-109, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2023-109, 2023
Preprint under review for AMT
Short summary
Short summary
We performed Monte Carlo simulations of single-wavelength lidar signals from multi-layered clouds with special attention focused on multiple-scattering (MS) effect in regions of the cloud-free molecular atmosphere. The MS effect on lidar signals is always decreasing with the increasing distance from the cloud far edge. The decreasing is the direct consequence of the fact that the forward peak of particles phase functions is much larger than the receiver field of view.
Robert Pincus, Paul A. Hubanks, Steven Platnick, Kerry Meyer, Robert E. Holz, Denis Botambekov, and Casey J. Wall
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 2483–2497, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2483-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2483-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This paper describes a new global dataset of cloud properties observed by a specific satellite program created to facilitate comparison with a matching observational proxy used in climate models. Statistics are accumulated over daily and monthly timescales on an equal-angle grid. Statistics include cloud detection, cloud-top pressure, and cloud optical properties. Joint histograms of several variable pairs are also available.
Alexandra Tsekeri, Anna Gialitaki, Marco Di Paolantonio, Davide Dionisi, Gian Luigi Liberti, Alnilam Fernandes, Artur Szkop, Aleksander Pietruczuk, Daniel Pérez-Ramírez, Maria J. Granados Muñoz, Juan Luis Guerrero-Rascado, Lucas Alados-Arboledas, Diego Bermejo-Pantaleón, Juan Antonio Bravo-Aranda, Anna Kampouri, Eleni Marinou, Vassilis Amiridis, Michael Sicard, Adolfo Comerón, Constantino Muñoz-Porcar, Alejandro Rodríguez-Gómez, Salvatore Romano, Maria Rita Perrone, Xiaoxia Shang, Mika Komppula, Rodanthi-Elisavet Mamouri, Argyro Nisantzi, Diofantos Hadjimitsis, Francisco Navas-Guzmán, Alexander Haefele, Dominika Szczepanik, Artur Tomczak, Iwona Stachlewska, Livio Belegante, Doina Nicolae, Kalliopi Artemis Voudouri, Dimitris Balis, Athina A. Floutsi, Holger Baars, Linda Miladi, Nicolas Pascal, Oleg Dubovik, and Anton Lopatin
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2023-76, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2023-76, 2023
Revised manuscript under review for AMT
Short summary
Short summary
EARLINET/ACTRIS organized an intensive observational campaign in May 2020, with the objective of monitoring the atmospheric state over Europe during the COVID-19 lockdown and relaxation period. The work presented herein focuses on deriving a common methodology for applying a synergistic retrieval that utilizes the network's ground-based passive and active remote sensing measurements, and derive the aerosols from antrhopogenic activities over Europe.
Calvin Howes, Pablo E. Saide, Hugh Coe, Amie Nicole Dobracki, Steffen Freitag, Jim M. Haywood, Steven G. Howell, Siddhant Gupta, Janek Uin, Mary Kacarab, Chongai Kuang, L. Ruby Leung, Athanasios Nenes, Greg McFarquhar, Jens Redemann, Arther J. Sedlacek, Kenneth L. Thornhill, Jenny P. S. Wong, Robert Wood, Huihui Wu, Yang Zhang, Jianhao Zhang, and Paquita Zuidema
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-886, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-886, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
To better understand smoke properties and its interactions with clouds, we compare WRF-CAM5 with observations from ORACLES, CLARIFY, and LASIC field campaigns in the Southeastern Atlantic in August 2017. The model transports and mixes smoke well but is not fully capturing some important processes. These include smoke chemical and physical aging over 4–12 days, smoke removal by rain, new particle formation, aerosol activation into cloud droplets, and boundary layer turbulence.
Cheikh Dione, Martial Haeffelin, Frédéric Burnet, Christine Lac, Guylaine Canut, Julien Delanoë, Jean-Charles Dupont, Susana Jorquera, Pauline Martinet, Jean-François Ribaud, and Felipe Toledo
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1224, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1224, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
1. This paper document the role of thermodynamic and turbulence on the fog life cycle over southwestern France. 2. It is base on a unique dataset collected during the SOFOG3D field campaign in Autumn 2019 and Winter 2020. 3. The paper gives threshold in turbulence driving the different phases of fog life cycle and the role of advection in the nighttime dissipation of fog. 4. The results can be operationalize to nowcast fog and improve it short range forecast in numerical weather prediction model.
Anja Hünerbein, Sebastian Bley, Stefan Horn, Hartwig Deneke, and Andi Walther
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 16, 2821–2836, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-2821-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-2821-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The Multi-Spectral Imager (MSI) on board the EarthCARE satellite will provide the information needed for describing the cloud and aerosol properties in the cross-track direction, complementing the measurements from the Cloud Profiling Radar, Atmospheric Lidar and Broad-Band Radiometer. The accurate discrimination between clear and cloudy pixels is an essential first step. Therefore, the cloud mask algorithm provides a cloud flag, cloud phase and cloud type product for the MSI observations.
Gregor Köcher, Tobias Zinner, and Christoph Knote
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 6255–6269, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-6255-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-6255-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Polarimetric radar observations of 30 d of convective precipitation events are used to statistically analyze 5 state-of-the-art microphysics schemes of varying complexity. The frequency and area of simulated heavy-precipitation events are in some cases significantly different from those observed, depending on the microphysics scheme. Analysis of simulated particle size distributions and reflectivities shows that some schemes have problems reproducing the correct particle size distributions.
Abdanour Irbah, Julien Delanoë, Gerd-Jan van Zadelhoff, David P. Donovan, Pavlos Kollias, Bernat Puigdomènech Treserras, Shannon Mason, Robin J. Hogan, and Aleksandra Tatarevic
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 16, 2795–2820, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-2795-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-2795-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The Cloud Profiling Radar (CPR) and ATmospheric LIDar (ATLID) aboard the EarthCARE satellite are used to probe the Earth's atmosphere by measuring cloud and aerosol profiles. ATLID is sensitive to aerosols and small cloud particles and CPR to large ice particles, snowflakes and raindrops. It is the synergy of the measurements of these two instruments that allows a better classification of the atmospheric targets and the description of the associated products, which are the subject of this paper.