Articles | Volume 13, issue 8
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-4067-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-4067-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Review article
| 
25 Aug 2021
Review article |
| 25 Aug 2021
| 25 Aug 2021
EUREC4A
Bjorn Stevens
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
LMD/IPSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Paris, France
David Farrell
Caribbean Institute for Meteorology and Hydrology, Barbados
Felix Ament
Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
Alan Blyth
National Centre for Atmospheric Science, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
Christopher Fairall
NOAA Physical Sciences Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA
Johannes Karstensen
GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
Patricia K. Quinn
NOAA PMEL, Seattle, WA, USA
Sabrina Speich
LMD/IPSL, École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, Paris, France
Claudia Acquistapace
Institute for Geophysics and Meteorology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
Franziska Aemisegger
Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
Anna Lea Albright
LMD/IPSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Paris, France
Hugo Bellenger
LMD/IPSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Paris, France
Eberhard Bodenschatz
Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Göttingen, Germany
Kathy-Ann Caesar
Caribbean Institute for Meteorology and Hydrology, Barbados
Rebecca Chewitt-Lucas
Caribbean Institute for Meteorology and Hydrology, Barbados
Gijs de Boer
Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
NOAA Physical Sciences Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA
Julien Delanoë
LATMOS/IPSL, Université Paris-Saclay, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Guyancourt, France
Leif Denby
University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
Florian Ewald
Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany
Benjamin Fildier
LMD/IPSL, École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, Paris, France
Marvin Forde
Caribbean Institute for Meteorology and Hydrology, Barbados
Geet George
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
Silke Gross
Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany
Martin Hagen
Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany
Andrea Hausold
Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany
Karen J. Heywood
Centre for Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
Lutz Hirsch
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
Marek Jacob
Institute for Geophysics and Meteorology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
Friedhelm Jansen
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
Stefan Kinne
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
Daniel Klocke
Hans-Ertel-Zentrum für Wetterforschung, Deutscher Wetterdienst (DWD), Offenbach, Germany
Tobias Kölling
Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
Heike Konow
Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
Marie Lothon
Laboratoire d'Aérologie, University of Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France
Wiebke Mohr
Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany
Ann Kristin Naumann
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
Meteorological Institute, Center for Earth System Research and Sustainability, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
Louise Nuijens
Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands
Léa Olivier
Sorbonne Université, CNRS, IRD, MNHN, UMR7159 LOCEAN/IPSL, Paris, France
Robert Pincus
Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
NOAA Physical Sciences Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA
Mira Pöhlker
Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
Gilles Reverdin
Sorbonne Université, CNRS, IRD, MNHN, UMR7159 LOCEAN/IPSL, Paris, France
Gregory Roberts
CNRM, University of Toulouse, Météo-France, CNRS, Toulouse, France
Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
Sabrina Schnitt
Institute for Geophysics and Meteorology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
Hauke Schulz
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
A. Pier Siebesma
Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands
Claudia Christine Stephan
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
Peter Sullivan
National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA
Ludovic Touzé-Peiffer
LMD/IPSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Paris, France
Jessica Vial
LMD/IPSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Paris, France
Raphaela Vogel
LMD/IPSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Paris, France
Paquita Zuidema
University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
Nicola Alexander
Caribbean Institute for Meteorology and Hydrology, Barbados
Lyndon Alves
Hydrometeorological Service, Georgetown, Guyana
Sophian Arixi
CNRM, University of Toulouse, Météo-France, CNRS, Toulouse, France
Hamish Asmath
Institute of Marine Affairs, Chaguaramas, Trinidad and Tobago
Gholamhossein Bagheri
Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Göttingen, Germany
Katharina Baier
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
Adriana Bailey
National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA
Dariusz Baranowski
Institute of Geophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
Alexandre Baron
LSCE/IPSL, CNRS-CEA-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
Sébastien Barrau
CNRM, University of Toulouse, Météo-France, CNRS, Toulouse, France
Paul A. Barrett
Met Office, Exeter, UK
Frédéric Batier
Frédéric Batier Photography, Berlin, Germany
Andreas Behrendt
Institute of Physics and Meteorology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
Arne Bendinger
GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
Florent Beucher
CNRM, University of Toulouse, Météo-France, CNRS, Toulouse, France
Sebastien Bigorre
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA
Edmund Blades
Queen Elizabeth Hospital, St. Michael, Barbados
Peter Blossey
Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
Olivier Bock
Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), Paris, France
Steven Böing
University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
Pierre Bosser
ENSTA Bretagne, Lab-STICC, CNRS, Brest, France
Denis Bourras
Aix-Marseille Université, Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO UM 110, Marseille, France
Pascale Bouruet-Aubertot
Sorbonne Université, CNRS, IRD, MNHN, UMR7159 LOCEAN/IPSL, Paris, France
Keith Bower
University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
Pierre Branellec
French Research Institute for Exploitation of the Sea (IFREMER), Brest, France
Hubert Branger
Institut de Recherche sur les Phénomènes Hors Equilibre (IRPHE), CNRS/AMU/ECM, Marseille, France
Michal Brennek
University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
Alan Brewer
NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA
Pierre-Etienne Brilouet
Laboratoire d'Aérologie, University of Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France
Björn Brügmann
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
Stefan A. Buehler
Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
Elmo Burke
St. Christopher Air & Sea Ports Authority, Basseterre, St. Kitts and Nevis
Ralph Burton
National Centre for Atmospheric Science, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
Radiance Calmer
Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
Jean-Christophe Canonici
Service des Avions Français Instrumentés pour la Recherche en Environnement (SAFIRE), Météo-France, CNRS, CNES, Cugnaux, France
Xavier Carton
LOPS/IUEM, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, CNRS, Brest, France
Gregory Cato Jr.
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Meteorological Services, Argyle, St. Vincent and the Grenadines
Jude Andre Charles
Grenada Meteorological Services, St. George’s, Grenada
Patrick Chazette
LSCE/IPSL, CNRS-CEA-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
Yanxu Chen
LMD/IPSL, École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, Paris, France
Michal T. Chilinski
University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
Thomas Choularton
University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
Patrick Chuang
University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
Shamal Clarke
Cayman Islands National Weather Service, Grand Cayman, Cayman Islands
University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
Céline Cornet
LOA, Université de Lille, CNRS, Lille, France
Pierre Coutris
LAMP, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Clermont-Ferrand, France
Fleur Couvreux
CNRM, University of Toulouse, Météo-France, CNRS, Toulouse, France
Susanne Crewell
Institute for Geophysics and Meteorology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
Timothy Cronin
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
Zhiqiang Cui
University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
Yannis Cuypers
Sorbonne Université, CNRS, IRD, MNHN, UMR7159 LOCEAN/IPSL, Paris, France
Alton Daley
Caribbean Institute for Meteorology and Hydrology, Barbados
Gillian M. Damerell
Centre for Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
Thibaut Dauhut
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
Hartwig Deneke
Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, Leipzig, Germany
Jean-Philippe Desbios
Service des Avions Français Instrumentés pour la Recherche en Environnement (SAFIRE), Météo-France, CNRS, CNES, Cugnaux, France
Steffen Dörner
Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
Sebastian Donner
Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
Vincent Douet
IPSL, CNRS, Paris, France
Kyla Drushka
Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
Marina Dütsch
Department of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
Department of Meteorology and Geophysics, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
André Ehrlich
Leipzig Institute for Meteorology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
Kerry Emanuel
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
Alexandros Emmanouilidis
Leipzig Institute for Meteorology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
Jean-Claude Etienne
CNRM, University of Toulouse, Météo-France, CNRS, Toulouse, France
Sheryl Etienne-Leblanc
Meteorological Department St. Maarten, Simpson Bay, Sint Maarten
Ghislain Faure
CNRM, University of Toulouse, Météo-France, CNRS, Toulouse, France
Graham Feingold
NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA
Luca Ferrero
Gemma Center, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
Andreas Fix
Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany
Cyrille Flamant
LATMOS/IPSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Paris, France
Piotr Jacek Flatau
Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
Gregory R. Foltz
NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, Miami, FL, USA
Linda Forster
Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
Iulian Furtuna
Compania Fortuna, Sucy-en-Brie, France
Alan Gadian
University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
Joseph Galewsky
Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
Martin Gallagher
University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
Peter Gallimore
University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
Cassandra Gaston
University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
Chelle Gentemann
Farallon Institute, Petaluma, CA, USA
Nicolas Geyskens
DT-INSU, CNRS, Plouzane, France
Andreas Giez
Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany
John Gollop
Barbados Coast Guard, St. Michael, Barbados
Isabelle Gouirand
The University of the West Indies, Cave Hill Campus, Cave Hill, Barbados
Christophe Gourbeyre
LAMP, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Clermont-Ferrand, France
Dörte de Graaf
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
Geiske E. de Groot
Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands
Robert Grosz
University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
Johannes Güttler
Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Göttingen, Germany
Manuel Gutleben
Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany
Kashawn Hall
Caribbean Institute for Meteorology and Hydrology, Barbados
George Harris
Regional Security System, Christ Church, Barbados
Kevin C. Helfer
Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands
Dean Henze
College of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
Calvert Herbert
Regional Security System, Christ Church, Barbados
Bruna Holanda
Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
Antonio Ibanez-Landeta
Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Göttingen, Germany
Janet Intrieri
NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA
Suneil Iyer
Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
Fabrice Julien
CNRM, University of Toulouse, Météo-France, CNRS, Toulouse, France
Heike Kalesse
Leipzig Institute for Meteorology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
Jan Kazil
Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA
Alexander Kellman
Barbados Coast Guard, St. Michael, Barbados
Abiel T. Kidane
Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany
Ulrike Kirchner
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
Marcus Klingebiel
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
Mareike Körner
GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
Leslie Ann Kremper
Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
Jan Kretzschmar
Leipzig Institute for Meteorology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
Ovid Krüger
Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
Wojciech Kumala
University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
Armin Kurz
Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany
Pierre L'Hégaret
LOPS, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Brest, France
Matthieu Labaste
Sorbonne Université, CNRS, IRD, MNHN, UMR7159 LOCEAN/IPSL, Paris, France
Tom Lachlan-Cope
British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, UK
Arlene Laing
Caribbean Meteorological Organization, Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago
Peter Landschützer
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
Theresa Lang
Meteorological Institute, Center for Earth System Research and Sustainability, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
Diego Lange
Institute of Physics and Meteorology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
Ingo Lange
Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
Clément Laplace
Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace (IPSL), Paris, France
Gauke Lavik
Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany
Rémi Laxenaire
Center for Ocean-Atmospheric Prediction Studies, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
Caroline Le Bihan
French Research Institute for Exploitation of the Sea (IFREMER), Brest, France
Mason Leandro
University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
Nathalie Lefevre
Sorbonne Université, CNRS, IRD, MNHN, UMR7159 LOCEAN/IPSL, Paris, France
Marius Lena
Compania Fortuna, Sucy-en-Brie, France
Donald Lenschow
National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA
Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany
Gary Lloyd
University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
Sebastian Los
Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
Niccolò Losi
University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
Oscar Lovell
Trinidad and Tobago Meteorological Services, Piarco Trinidad, Trinidad and Tobago
Christopher Luneau
OSU Institut Pythéas, Marseille, France
Przemyslaw Makuch
Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sopot, Poland
Szymon Malinowski
University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
Gaston Manta
LMD/IPSL, École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, Paris, France
Eleni Marinou
Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany
National Observatory of Athens, Athens, Greece
Nicholas Marsden
University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
Sebastien Masson
Sorbonne Université, CNRS, IRD, MNHN, UMR7159 LOCEAN/IPSL, Paris, France
Nicolas Maury
CNRM, University of Toulouse, Météo-France, CNRS, Toulouse, France
Bernhard Mayer
Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
Margarette Mayers-Als
Caribbean Institute for Meteorology and Hydrology, Barbados
Christophe Mazel
Dronexsolution, Toulouse, France
Wayne McGeary
Barbados Meteorological Services, Christ Church, Barbados
Caribbean Institute for Meteorology and Hydrology, Barbados
James C. McWilliams
Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
Mario Mech
Institute for Geophysics and Meteorology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
Melina Mehlmann
GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
Agostino Niyonkuru Meroni
CIMA Research Foundation, Savona, Italy
Theresa Mieslinger
Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
Andreas Minikin
Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany
Peter Minnett
University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
Gregor Möller
Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
Yanmichel Morfa Avalos
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
Caroline Muller
LMD/IPSL, École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, Paris, France
Ionela Musat
LMD/IPSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Paris, France
Anna Napoli
CIMA Research Foundation, Savona, Italy
Almuth Neuberger
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
Christophe Noisel
Sorbonne Université, CNRS, IRD, MNHN, UMR7159 LOCEAN/IPSL, Paris, France
David Noone
University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
Freja Nordsiek
Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Göttingen, Germany
Jakub L. Nowak
University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
Lothar Oswald
Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany
Douglas J. Parker
University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
Carolyn Peck
Meteorological Service, Kingston, Jamaica
Renaud Person
Sorbonne Université, CNRS, IRD, MNHN, UMR7159 LOCEAN/IPSL, Paris, France
Sorbonne Université, CNRS, IRD, MNHN, INRAE, ENS, UMS 3455, OSU Ecce Terra, Paris, France
Miriam Philippi
Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany
Albert Plueddemann
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA
Christopher Pöhlker
Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
Veronika Pörtge
Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
Ulrich Pöschl
Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
Lawrence Pologne
Caribbean Institute for Meteorology and Hydrology, Barbados
Michał Posyniak
Institute of Geophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
Marc Prange
Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
Estefanía Quiñones Meléndez
College of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
Jule Radtke
Meteorological Institute, Center for Earth System Research and Sustainability, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
Karim Ramage
IPSL, CNRS, Paris, France
Jens Reimann
Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany
Lionel Renault
LEGOS, University of Toulouse, IRD, CNRS, CNES, UPS, Toulouse, France
Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
Klaus Reus
GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
Ashford Reyes
Caribbean Institute for Meteorology and Hydrology, Barbados
Joachim Ribbe
University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Australia
Maximilian Ringel
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
Markus Ritschel
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
Cesar B. Rocha
University of Connecticut Avery Point, Groton, CT, USA
Nicolas Rochetin
LMD/IPSL, École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, Paris, France
Johannes Röttenbacher
Leipzig Institute for Meteorology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
Callum Rollo
Centre for Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
Haley Royer
University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
Pauline Sadoulet
CNRM, University of Toulouse, Météo-France, CNRS, Toulouse, France
Leo Saffin
University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
Sanola Sandiford
Caribbean Institute for Meteorology and Hydrology, Barbados
Irina Sandu
European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Reading, UK
Michael Schäfer
Leipzig Institute for Meteorology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
Vera Schemann
Institute for Geophysics and Meteorology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
Imke Schirmacher
Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
Oliver Schlenczek
Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Göttingen, Germany
Jerome Schmidt
Naval Research Laboratory, Monterey, CA, USA
Marcel Schröder
Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Göttingen, Germany
Alfons Schwarzenboeck
LAMP, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Clermont-Ferrand, France
Andrea Sealy
Caribbean Institute for Meteorology and Hydrology, Barbados
Christoph J. Senff
Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA
Ilya Serikov
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
Samkeyat Shohan
Leipzig Institute for Meteorology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
Elizabeth Siddle
Centre for Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
Alexander Smirnov
Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Lanham, Maryland, USA
Florian Späth
Institute of Physics and Meteorology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
Branden Spooner
Caribbean Institute for Meteorology and Hydrology, Barbados
M. Katharina Stolla
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
Wojciech Szkółka
Institute of Geophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
Simon P. de Szoeke
College of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
Stéphane Tarot
French Research Institute for Exploitation of the Sea (IFREMER), Brest, France
Eleni Tetoni
Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany
Elizabeth Thompson
NOAA Physical Sciences Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA
Jim Thomson
Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
Lorenzo Tomassini
Met Office, Exeter, UK
Julien Totems
LSCE/IPSL, CNRS-CEA-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
Alma Anna Ubele
Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
Leonie Villiger
Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
Jan von Arx
Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany
Thomas Wagner
Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
Andi Walther
University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
Ben Webber
Centre for Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
Manfred Wendisch
Leipzig Institute for Meteorology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
Shanice Whitehall
Caribbean Institute for Meteorology and Hydrology, Barbados
Anton Wiltshire
Trinidad and Tobago Meteorological Services, Piarco Trinidad, Trinidad and Tobago
Allison A. Wing
Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
Martin Wirth
Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany
Jonathan Wiskandt
GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
Kevin Wolf
Leipzig Institute for Meteorology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
Ludwig Worbes
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
Ethan Wright
Center for Ocean-Atmospheric Prediction Studies, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
Volker Wulfmeyer
Institute of Physics and Meteorology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
Shanea Young
National Meteorological Service of Belize, Ladyville, Belize
Chidong Zhang
NOAA PMEL, Seattle, WA, USA
Dongxiao Zhang
Cooperative Institute for Climate, Ocean, and Ecosystem Studies, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
NOAA PMEL, Seattle, WA, USA
Florian Ziemen
Deutsches Klimarechenzentrum GmbH, Hamburg, Germany
Tobias Zinner
Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
Martin Zöger
Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany
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Cited
84 citations as recorded by crossref.
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- How Moisture Shapes Low‐Level Radiative Cooling in Subsidence Regimes B. Fildier et al. 10.1029/2023AV000880
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- Using EUREC4A/ATOMIC field campaign data to improve trade wind regimes in the Community Atmosphere Model S. Graap & C. Zarzycki 10.5194/gmd-17-1627-2024
- In situ cloud particle tracking experiment G. Bertens et al. 10.1063/5.0065806
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- Marine Boundary Layer Decoupling and the Stable Isotopic Composition of Water Vapor J. Galewsky et al. 10.1029/2021JD035470
- Quantifying the mixing of trade‐wind cumulus during the NEPHELAE‐EUREC4A field campaign with remotely piloted aircraft N. Maury et al. 10.1002/qj.4430
- Flower trade‐wind clouds are shallow mesoscale convective systems T. Dauhut et al. 10.1002/qj.4409
- Satellite signature of the instantaneous wind response to mesoscale oceanic thermal structures A. Meroni et al. 10.1002/qj.4561
- Low cloud response to aerosol‐radiation‐cloud interactions: Idealized WRF numerical experiments for EUREC4A project N. Tartaglione et al. 10.1002/asl.1208
- Ground- and ship-based microwave radiometer measurements during EUREC4A S. Schnitt et al. 10.5194/essd-16-681-2024
- Model-based evaluation of cloud geometry and droplet size retrievals from two-dimensional polarized measurements of specMACS L. Volkmer et al. 10.5194/amt-17-1703-2024
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- Optically thin clouds in the trades T. Mieslinger et al. 10.5194/acp-22-6879-2022
- Cloud Botany: Shallow Cumulus Clouds in an Ensemble of Idealized Large‐Domain Large‐Eddy Simulations of the Trades F. Jansson et al. 10.1029/2023MS003796
- Are elevated moist layers a blind spot for hyperspectral infrared sounders? A model study M. Prange et al. 10.5194/amt-14-7025-2021
- The role of shallow convection in the momentum budget of the trades from large‐eddy‐simulation hindcasts K. Helfer et al. 10.1002/qj.4035
- Polarization upgrade of specMACS: calibration and characterization of the 2D RGB polarization-resolving cameras A. Weber et al. 10.5194/amt-17-1419-2024
- Observations refute the idea that warming strongly reduces cloudiness 10.1038/d41586-022-03640-5
- Mesoscale spatio-temporal variability of airborne lidar-derived aerosol properties in the Barbados region during EUREC<sup>4</sup>A P. Chazette et al. 10.5194/acp-22-1271-2022
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- African smoke particles act as cloud condensation nuclei in the wintertime tropical North Atlantic boundary layer over Barbados H. Royer et al. 10.5194/acp-23-981-2023
- Validating Salinity from SMAP and HYCOM Data with Saildrone Data during EUREC4A-OA/ATOMIC K. Hall et al. 10.3390/rs14143375
- Towards a Multi-Instrumental Approach to Closing Aerosol Optical Extinction Profiles A. Szkop et al. 10.3390/atmos13091443
- Combining an Eddy Detection Algorithm with In-Situ Measurements to Study North Brazil Current Rings C. Subirade et al. 10.3390/rs15071897
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- Lagrangian formation pathways of moist anomalies in the trade-wind region during the dry season: two case studies from EUREC<sup>4</sup>A L. Villiger et al. 10.5194/wcd-3-59-2022
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- Evaluating Large‐Domain, Hecto‐Meter, Large‐Eddy Simulations of Trade‐Wind Clouds Using EUREC4A Data H. Schulz & B. Stevens 10.1029/2023MS003648
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- Small‐Scale Spatial Variations of Air‐Sea Heat, Moisture, and Buoyancy Fluxes in the Tropical Trade Winds S. Iyer et al. 10.1029/2022JC018972
- Wintertime Observations of Tropical Northwest Atlantic Aerosol Properties During ATOMIC: Varying Mixtures of Dust and Biomass Burning P. Quinn et al. 10.1029/2021JD036253
- The Morphology of Simulated Trade‐Wind Convection and Cold Pools Under Wind Shear K. Helfer & L. Nuijens 10.1029/2021JD035148
- MOSAiC-ACA and AFLUX - Arctic airborne campaigns characterizing the exit area of MOSAiC M. Mech et al. 10.1038/s41597-022-01900-7
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77 citations as recorded by crossref.
- EUREC<sup>4</sup>A's <i>HALO</i> H. Konow et al. 10.5194/essd-13-5545-2021
- Observed Subcloud-Layer Moisture and Heat Budgets in the Trades A. Albright et al. 10.1175/JAS-D-21-0337.1
- Measurements from the University of Colorado RAAVEN Uncrewed Aircraft System during ATOMIC G. de Boer et al. 10.5194/essd-14-19-2022
- Ocean cross-validated observations from R/Vs L'Atalante, Maria S. Merian, and Meteor and related platforms as part of the EUREC4A-OA/ATOMIC campaign P. L'Hégaret et al. 10.5194/essd-15-1801-2023
- A climatology of trade-wind cumulus cold pools and their link to mesoscale cloud organization R. Vogel et al. 10.5194/acp-21-16609-2021
- How adequately are elevated moist layers represented in reanalysis and satellite observations? M. Prange et al. 10.5194/acp-23-725-2023
- How Moisture Shapes Low‐Level Radiative Cooling in Subsidence Regimes B. Fildier et al. 10.1029/2023AV000880
- Early Development and Tuning of a Global Coupled Cloud Resolving Model, and its Fast Response to Increasing CO2 T. Mauritsen et al. 10.16993/tellusa.54
- Water isotopic characterisation of the cloud–circulation coupling in the North Atlantic trades – Part 2: The imprint of the atmospheric circulation at different scales L. Villiger & F. Aemisegger 10.5194/acp-24-957-2024
- Using EUREC4A/ATOMIC field campaign data to improve trade wind regimes in the Community Atmosphere Model S. Graap & C. Zarzycki 10.5194/gmd-17-1627-2024
- In situ cloud particle tracking experiment G. Bertens et al. 10.1063/5.0065806
- Vertical structure of the lower-stratospheric moist bias in the ERA5 reanalysis and its connection to mixing processes K. Krüger et al. 10.5194/acp-22-15559-2022
- Marine Boundary Layer Decoupling and the Stable Isotopic Composition of Water Vapor J. Galewsky et al. 10.1029/2021JD035470
- Quantifying the mixing of trade‐wind cumulus during the NEPHELAE‐EUREC4A field campaign with remotely piloted aircraft N. Maury et al. 10.1002/qj.4430
- Flower trade‐wind clouds are shallow mesoscale convective systems T. Dauhut et al. 10.1002/qj.4409
- Satellite signature of the instantaneous wind response to mesoscale oceanic thermal structures A. Meroni et al. 10.1002/qj.4561
- Low cloud response to aerosol‐radiation‐cloud interactions: Idealized WRF numerical experiments for EUREC4A project N. Tartaglione et al. 10.1002/asl.1208
- Ground- and ship-based microwave radiometer measurements during EUREC4A S. Schnitt et al. 10.5194/essd-16-681-2024
- Model-based evaluation of cloud geometry and droplet size retrievals from two-dimensional polarized measurements of specMACS L. Volkmer et al. 10.5194/amt-17-1703-2024
- Tracking Shallow Convective Mixing and Its Influence on Low‐Level Clouds With Stable Water Isotopes in Vapor J. Hu et al. 10.1029/2021JD035355
- Global organic and inorganic aerosol hygroscopicity and its effect on radiative forcing M. Pöhlker et al. 10.1038/s41467-023-41695-8
- Impact of Diurnal Warm Layers on Atmospheric Convection R. Shevchenko et al. 10.1029/2022JD038473
- The CISE-LOCEAN seawater isotopic database (1998–2021) G. Reverdin et al. 10.5194/essd-14-2721-2022
- Sub-cloud rain evaporation in the North Atlantic winter trade winds derived by pairing isotopic data with a bin-resolved microphysical model M. Sarkar et al. 10.5194/acp-23-12671-2023
- Optically thin clouds in the trades T. Mieslinger et al. 10.5194/acp-22-6879-2022
- Cloud Botany: Shallow Cumulus Clouds in an Ensemble of Idealized Large‐Domain Large‐Eddy Simulations of the Trades F. Jansson et al. 10.1029/2023MS003796
- Are elevated moist layers a blind spot for hyperspectral infrared sounders? A model study M. Prange et al. 10.5194/amt-14-7025-2021
- The role of shallow convection in the momentum budget of the trades from large‐eddy‐simulation hindcasts K. Helfer et al. 10.1002/qj.4035
- Polarization upgrade of specMACS: calibration and characterization of the 2D RGB polarization-resolving cameras A. Weber et al. 10.5194/amt-17-1419-2024
- Observations refute the idea that warming strongly reduces cloudiness 10.1038/d41586-022-03640-5
- Mesoscale spatio-temporal variability of airborne lidar-derived aerosol properties in the Barbados region during EUREC<sup>4</sup>A P. Chazette et al. 10.5194/acp-22-1271-2022
- On Moist Potential Temperatures and Their Ability to Characterize Differences in the Properties of Air Parcels P. Marquet & B. Stevens 10.1175/JAS-D-21-0095.1
- African smoke particles act as cloud condensation nuclei in the wintertime tropical North Atlantic boundary layer over Barbados H. Royer et al. 10.5194/acp-23-981-2023
- Validating Salinity from SMAP and HYCOM Data with Saildrone Data during EUREC4A-OA/ATOMIC K. Hall et al. 10.3390/rs14143375
- Towards a Multi-Instrumental Approach to Closing Aerosol Optical Extinction Profiles A. Szkop et al. 10.3390/atmos13091443
- Combining an Eddy Detection Algorithm with In-Situ Measurements to Study North Brazil Current Rings C. Subirade et al. 10.3390/rs15071897
- From Sugar to Flowers: A Transition of Shallow Cumulus Organization During ATOMIC P. Narenpitak et al. 10.1029/2021MS002619
- Lagrangian formation pathways of moist anomalies in the trade-wind region during the dry season: two case studies from EUREC<sup>4</sup>A L. Villiger et al. 10.5194/wcd-3-59-2022
- Improving Wave‐Based Air‐Sea Momentum Flux Parameterization in Mixed Seas C. Sauvage et al. 10.1029/2022JC019277
- Deployment of the C-band radar Poldirad on Barbados during EUREC<sup>4</sup>A M. Hagen et al. 10.5194/essd-13-5899-2021
- Cloud transition across the daily cycle illuminates model responses of trade cumuli to warming J. Vial et al. 10.1073/pnas.2209805120
- A new airborne broadband radiometer system and an efficient method to correct dynamic thermal offsets A. Ehrlich et al. 10.5194/amt-16-1563-2023
- The representation of the trade winds in ECMWF forecasts and reanalyses during EUREC4A A. Savazzi et al. 10.5194/acp-22-13049-2022
- Turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate and associated fluxes in the western tropical Atlantic estimated from ocean glider observations P. Sheehan et al. 10.5194/os-19-77-2023
- The land–atmosphere feedback observatory: a new observational approach for characterizing land–atmosphere feedback F. Späth et al. 10.5194/gi-12-25-2023
- Wintertime Saharan dust transport towards the Caribbean: an airborne lidar case study during EUREC<sup>4</sup>A M. Gutleben et al. 10.5194/acp-22-7319-2022
- Do Optically Denser Trade‐Wind Cumuli Live Longer? T. Seelig et al. 10.1029/2023GL103339
- Spatial Organisation Affects the Pathway to Precipitation in Simulated Trade‐Wind Convection J. Radtke et al. 10.1029/2023GL103579
- Marine Boundary Layers above Heterogeneous SST: Alongfront Winds P. Sullivan et al. 10.1175/JAS-D-21-0072.1
- Kilometer‐Scale Simulations of Trade‐Wind Cumulus Capture Processes of Mesoscale Organization L. Saffin et al. 10.1029/2022MS003295
- The Virga-Sniffer – a new tool to identify precipitation evaporation using ground-based remote-sensing observations H. Kalesse-Los et al. 10.5194/amt-16-1683-2023
- Characterizing Mesoscale Eddies of Eastern Upwelling Origins in the Atlantic Ocean and Their Role in Offshore Transport A. Ioannou et al. 10.3389/fmars.2022.835260
- Isotopic measurements in water vapor, precipitation, and seawater during EUREC4A A. Bailey et al. 10.5194/essd-15-465-2023
- Measuring Shallow Convective Mass Flux Profiles in the Trade Wind Region M. Klingebiel et al. 10.1175/JAS-D-20-0347.1
- EUREC<sup>4</sup>A's <i>Maria S. Merian</i> ship-based cloud and micro rain radar observations of clouds and precipitation C. Acquistapace et al. 10.5194/essd-14-33-2022
- ICON-Sapphire: simulating the components of the Earth system and their interactions at kilometer and subkilometer scales C. Hohenegger et al. 10.5194/gmd-16-779-2023
- C<sup>3</sup>ONTEXT: a Common Consensus on Convective OrgaNizaTion during the EUREC<sup>4</sup>A eXperimenT H. Schulz 10.5194/essd-14-1233-2022
- EUREC<sup>4</sup>A observations from the SAFIRE ATR42 aircraft S. Bony et al. 10.5194/essd-14-2021-2022
- Confronting the Convective Gray Zone in the Global Configuration of the Met Office Unified Model L. Tomassini et al. 10.1029/2022MS003418
- Cold Pools Observed during EUREC4A: Detection and Characterization from Atmospheric Soundings L. Touzé-Peiffer et al. 10.1175/JAMC-D-21-0048.1
- Evaluating Large‐Domain, Hecto‐Meter, Large‐Eddy Simulations of Trade‐Wind Clouds Using EUREC4A Data H. Schulz & B. Stevens 10.1029/2023MS003648
- Tropical moist convection as an important driver of Atlantic Hadley circulation variability L. Tomassini & G. Yang 10.1002/qj.4359
- Vertical Air Motion Retrievals From Airborne $W$-Band Cloud Radar H. Chen et al. 10.1109/JSTARS.2023.3322346
- Widespread shallow mesoscale circulations observed in the trades G. George et al. 10.1038/s41561-023-01215-1
- VELOX – a new thermal infrared imager for airborne remote sensing of cloud and surface properties M. Schäfer et al. 10.5194/amt-15-1491-2022
- Assessing the ability of satellite sea surface temperature analyses to resolve spatial variability – The northwest tropical Atlantic ATOMIC region G. Wick et al. 10.1016/j.rse.2022.113377
- The Role of Mesoscale Cloud Morphology in the Shortwave Cloud Feedback I. McCoy et al. 10.1029/2022GL101042
- Fast Atmospheric Response to a Cold Oceanic Mesoscale Patch in the North‐Western Tropical Atlantic C. Acquistapace et al. 10.1029/2022JD036799
- High-spatial-resolution retrieval of cloud droplet size distribution from polarized observations of the cloudbow V. Pörtge et al. 10.5194/amt-16-645-2023
- Horizontal geometry of trade wind cumuli – aircraft observations from a shortwave infrared imager versus a radar profiler H. Dorff et al. 10.5194/amt-15-3641-2022
- Water isotopic characterisation of the cloud–circulation coupling in the North Atlantic trades – Part 1: A process-oriented evaluation of COSMOiso simulations with EUREC4A observations L. Villiger et al. 10.5194/acp-23-14643-2023
- On the importance of the atmospheric coupling to the small-scale ocean in the modulation of latent heat flux P. Fernández et al. 10.3389/fmars.2023.1136558
- Glider observations of thermohaline staircases in the tropical North Atlantic using an automated classifier C. Rollo et al. 10.5194/gi-11-359-2022
- Wintertime process study of the North Brazil Current rings reveals the region as a larger sink for CO<sub>2</sub> than expected L. Olivier et al. 10.5194/bg-19-2969-2022
- JOANNE: Joint dropsonde Observations of the Atmosphere in tropical North atlaNtic meso-scale Environments G. George et al. 10.5194/essd-13-5253-2021
- Strong cloud–circulation coupling explains weak trade cumulus feedback R. Vogel et al. 10.1038/s41586-022-05364-y
- An assessment of macrophysical and microphysical cloud properties driving radiative forcing of shallow trade-wind clouds A. Luebke et al. 10.5194/acp-22-2727-2022
7 citations as recorded by crossref.
- A network of water vapor Raman lidars for improving heavy precipitation forecasting in southern France: introducing the WaLiNeAs initiative C. Flamant et al. 10.1007/s42865-021-00037-6
- The Sugar‐To‐Flower Shallow Cumulus Transition Under the Influences of Diel Cycle and Free‐Tropospheric Mineral Dust P. Narenpitak et al. 10.1029/2022MS003228
- Small‐Scale Spatial Variations of Air‐Sea Heat, Moisture, and Buoyancy Fluxes in the Tropical Trade Winds S. Iyer et al. 10.1029/2022JC018972
- Wintertime Observations of Tropical Northwest Atlantic Aerosol Properties During ATOMIC: Varying Mixtures of Dust and Biomass Burning P. Quinn et al. 10.1029/2021JD036253
- The Morphology of Simulated Trade‐Wind Convection and Cold Pools Under Wind Shear K. Helfer & L. Nuijens 10.1029/2021JD035148
- MOSAiC-ACA and AFLUX - Arctic airborne campaigns characterizing the exit area of MOSAiC M. Mech et al. 10.1038/s41597-022-01900-7
- Variations in Wave Slope and Momentum Flux From Wave‐Current Interactions in the Tropical Trade Winds S. Iyer et al. 10.1029/2021JC018003
Latest update: 23 Apr 2024
Short summary
The EUREC4A field campaign, designed to test hypothesized mechanisms by which clouds respond to warming and benchmark next-generation Earth-system models, is presented. EUREC4A comprised roughly 5 weeks of measurements in the downstream winter trades of the North Atlantic – eastward and southeastward of Barbados. It was the first campaign that attempted to characterize the full range of processes and scales influencing trade wind clouds.
The EUREC4A field campaign, designed to test hypothesized mechanisms by which clouds respond to...
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Final-revised paper
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