Articles | Volume 13, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-447-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-447-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Data description paper
| 
16 Feb 2021
Data description paper |
| 16 Feb 2021
| 16 Feb 2021
Synthesis of global actual evapotranspiration from 1982 to 2019
Abdelrazek Elnashar
State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Aerospace Information
Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100094, China
College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
Department of Natural Resources, Faculty of African Postgraduate
Studies, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
Linjiang Wang
State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Aerospace Information
Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100094, China
College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
Bingfang Wu
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Aerospace Information
Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100094, China
College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
Weiwei Zhu
State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Aerospace Information
Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100094, China
Hongwei Zeng
State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Aerospace Information
Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100094, China
College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
Related authors
Sadia Bibi, Tingju Zhu, Ashraf Rateb, Bridget R. Scanlon, Muhammad Aqeel Kamran, Abdelrazek Elnashar, Ali Bennour, and Ci Li
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 1725–1750, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-1725-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-1725-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We assessed 13 global models using GRACE satellite data over 29 river basins. Simulated seasonal water storage cycles showed discrepancies compared to GRACE. The models overestimated seasonal amplitude in boreal basins and showed underestimation in tropical, arid, and temperate zones, with phase differences of 2–3 months compared to GRACE in cold basins and of 1 month in temperate, arid, and semi-arid basins. Seasonal amplitude and phase differences provide insights for model improvement.
Miao Zhang, Bingfang Wu, Hongwei Zeng, Guojin He, Chong Liu, Shiqi Tao, Qi Zhang, Mohsen Nabil, Fuyou Tian, José Bofana, Awetahegn Niguse Beyene, Abdelrazek Elnashar, Nana Yan, Zhengdong Wang, and Yiliang Liu
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 4799–4817, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-4799-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-4799-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Cropping intensity (CI) is essential for agricultural land use management, but fine-resolution global CI is not available. We used multiple satellite data on Google Earth Engine to develop a first 30 m resolution global CI (GCI30). GCI30 performed well, with an overall accuracy of 92 %. GCI30 not only exhibited high agreement with existing CI products but also provided many spatial details. GCI30 can facilitate research on sustained cropland intensification to improve food production.
Sadia Bibi, Tingju Zhu, Ashraf Rateb, Bridget R. Scanlon, Muhammad Aqeel Kamran, Abdelrazek Elnashar, Ali Bennour, and Ci Li
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 1725–1750, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-1725-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-1725-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We assessed 13 global models using GRACE satellite data over 29 river basins. Simulated seasonal water storage cycles showed discrepancies compared to GRACE. The models overestimated seasonal amplitude in boreal basins and showed underestimation in tropical, arid, and temperate zones, with phase differences of 2–3 months compared to GRACE in cold basins and of 1 month in temperate, arid, and semi-arid basins. Seasonal amplitude and phase differences provide insights for model improvement.
Fuyou Tian, Bingfang Wu, Hongwei Zeng, Miao Zhang, Weiwei Zhu, Nana Yan, Yuming Lu, and Yifan Li
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2023-536, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2023-536, 2024
Revised manuscript has not been submitted
Short summary
Short summary
Our team has developed an irrigation map with 100 m resolution, which is more detailed than existing one. We used satellite images and focused on the crop status during the dry conditions. We found that 23.4 % of global cropland is irrigated, with the most extensive areas in India, China, the US, and Pakistan. We also explored the distribution of central pivot systems, which are commonly used in the US and Saudi Arabia. This new map can better support water management and food security globally.
Xingli Qin, Bingfang Wu, Hongwei Zeng, Miao Zhang, and Fuyou Tian
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2023-346, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2023-346, 2023
Preprint under review for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
We developed the first time-series gridded dataset of maize, wheat, rice and soybean production from 2010–2020. It offers detailed spatiotemporal information of crop production, allowing for advanced monitoring of agricultural productivity and for research into the factors that drive production trends across regions and over time. This dataset can help assess food security, evaluate climate impacts, and inform policies for more sustainable, resilient crop production worldwide.
Miao Zhang, Bingfang Wu, Hongwei Zeng, Guojin He, Chong Liu, Shiqi Tao, Qi Zhang, Mohsen Nabil, Fuyou Tian, José Bofana, Awetahegn Niguse Beyene, Abdelrazek Elnashar, Nana Yan, Zhengdong Wang, and Yiliang Liu
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 4799–4817, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-4799-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-4799-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Cropping intensity (CI) is essential for agricultural land use management, but fine-resolution global CI is not available. We used multiple satellite data on Google Earth Engine to develop a first 30 m resolution global CI (GCI30). GCI30 performed well, with an overall accuracy of 92 %. GCI30 not only exhibited high agreement with existing CI products but also provided many spatial details. GCI30 can facilitate research on sustained cropland intensification to improve food production.
Yan Zhao, Yongping Wei, Shoubo Li, and Bingfang Wu
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 4469–4481, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-4469-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-4469-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
The paper finds that combined inflow from both current and previous years' discharge determines water availability in downstream regions. Temperature determines broad vegetation distribution while hydrological variables show significant effects only in near-river-channel regions. Agricultural development curtailed further vegetation recovery in the studied area. Enhancing current water allocation schemes and regulating regional agricultural activities are required for future restoration.
Hao Wang, Xiaogang Ning, Weiwei Zhu, and Fei Li
Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., XLI-B8, 1073–1077, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLI-B8-1073-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLI-B8-1073-2016, 2016
Y. Zhao, B. F. Wu, and Y. Zeng
Biogeosciences, 10, 1219–1230, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-1219-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-1219-2013, 2013
Related subject area
Geophysics and geodesy
Enriching the GEOFON seismic catalog with automatic energy magnitude estimations
AIUB-GRACE gravity field solutions for G3P: processing strategies and instrument parameterization
GPS displacement dataset for the study of elastic surface mass variations
Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) time series and velocities about a slowly convergent margin processed on high-performance computing (HPC) clusters: products and robustness evaluation
TRIMS LST: a daily 1 km all-weather land surface temperature dataset for China's landmass and surrounding areas (2000–2022)
Comprehensive data set of in situ hydraulic stimulation experiments for geothermal purposes at the Äspö Hard Rock Laboratory (Sweden)
An earthquake focal mechanism catalog for source and tectonic studies in Mexico from February 1928 to July 2022
Global physics-based database of injection-induced seismicity
The Weisweiler passive seismological network: optimised for state-of-the-art location and imaging methods
A global historical twice-daily (daytime and nighttime) land surface temperature dataset produced by Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer observations from 1981 to 2021
Moho depths beneath the European Alps: a homogeneously processed map and receiver functions database
DL-RMD: a geophysically constrained electromagnetic resistivity model database (RMD) for deep learning (DL) applications
The ULR-repro3 GPS data reanalysis and its estimates of vertical land motion at tide gauges for sea level science
In situ stress database of the greater Ruhr region (Germany) derived from hydrofracturing tests and borehole logs
The European Preinstrumental Earthquake Catalogue EPICA, the 1000–1899 catalogue for the European Seismic Hazard Model 2020
Rescue and quality control of historical geomagnetic measurement at Sheshan observatory, China
A newly integrated ground temperature dataset of permafrost along the China–Russia crude oil pipeline route in Northeast China
In situ observations of the Swiss periglacial environment using GNSS instruments
Permafrost changes in the northwestern Da Xing'anling Mountains, Northeast China, in the past decade
British Antarctic Survey's aerogeophysical data: releasing 25 years of airborne gravity, magnetic, and radar datasets over Antarctica
Moment tensor catalogue of earthquakes in West Bohemia from 2008 to 2018
One hundred plus years of recomputed surface wave magnitude of shallow global earthquakes
Into the Noddyverse: a massive data store of 3D geological models for machine learning and inversion applications
INSTANCE – the Italian seismic dataset for machine learning
Towards a regional high-resolution bathymetry of the North West Shelf of Australia based on Sentinel-2 satellite images, 3D seismic surveys, and historical datasets
A fine-resolution soil moisture dataset for China in 2002–2018
tTEM20AAR: a benchmark geophysical data set for unconsolidated fluvioglacial sediments
A focal mechanism catalogue of earthquakes that occurred in the southeastern Alps and surrounding areas from 1928–2019
The first pan-Alpine surface-gravity database, a modern compilation that crosses frontiers
Historical K index data collection of Soviet magnetic observatories, 1957–1992
Complementing regional moment magnitudes to GCMT: a perspective from the rebuilt International Seismological Centre Bulletin
Reassessing the lithosphere: SeisDARE, an open-access seismic data repository
Homogenization of the historical series from the Coimbra Magnetic Observatory, Portugal
Surface and subsurface characterisation of salt pans expressing polygonal patterns
Early Soviet satellite magnetic field measurements in the years 1964 and 1970
The INSIEME seismic network: a research infrastructure for studying induced seismicity in the High Agri Valley (southern Italy)
The ISC Bulletin as a comprehensive source of earthquake source mechanisms
Two multi-temporal datasets that track the enhanced landsliding after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake
The ISC-GEM Earthquake Catalogue (1904–2014): status after the Extension Project
Present-day surface deformation of the Alpine region inferred from geodetic techniques
Altimetry, gravimetry, GPS and viscoelastic modeling data for the joint inversion for glacial isostatic adjustment in Antarctica (ESA STSE Project REGINA)
Multibeam bathymetry and CTD measurements in two fjord systems in southeastern Greenland
Using ground-penetrating radar, topography and classification of vegetation to model the sediment and active layer thickness in a periglacial lake catchment, western Greenland
The new database of the Global Terrestrial Network for Permafrost (GTN-P)
Observations of the altitude of the volcanic plume during the eruption of Eyjafjallajökull, April–May 2010
Dino Bindi, Riccardo Zaccarelli, Angelo Strollo, Domenico Di Giacomo, Andres Heinloo, Peter Evans, Fabrice Cotton, and Frederik Tilmann
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 1733–1745, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1733-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1733-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The size of an earthquake is often described by a single number called the magnitude. Among the possible magnitude scales, the seismic moment (Mw) and the radiated energy (Me) scales are based on physical parameters describing the rupture process. Since these two magnitude scales provide complementary information that can be used for seismic hazard assessment and for seismic risk mitigation, we complement the Mw catalog disseminated by the GEOFON Data Centre with Me values.
Neda Darbeheshti, Martin Lasser, Ulrich Meyer, Daniel Arnold, and Adrian Jäggi
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 1589–1599, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1589-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1589-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This paper discusses strategies to improve the GRACE gravity field monthly solutions computed at the Astronomical Institute of the University of Bern. We updated the input observations and background models, as well as improving processing strategies in terms of instrument data screening and instrument parameterization.
Athina Peidou, Donald F. Argus, Felix W. Landerer, David N. Wiese, and Matthias Ellmer
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 1317–1332, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1317-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1317-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study recommends a framework for preparing and processing vertical land displacements derived from GPS positioning for future integration with Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) and GRACE-Follow On (GRACE-FO) measurements. We derive GPS estimates that only reflect surface mass signals and evaluate them against GRACE (and GRACE-FO). We also quantify uncertainty of GPS vertical land displacement estimates using various uncertainty quantification methods.
Lavinia Tunini, Andrea Magrin, Giuliana Rossi, and David Zuliani
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 1083–1106, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1083-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1083-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study presents 20-year time series of more than 350 GNSS stations located in NE Italy and surroundings, together with the outgoing velocities. An overview of the input data, station information, data processing and solution quality is provided. The documented dataset constitutes a crucial and complete source of information about the deformation of an active but slowly converging margin over the last 2 decades, also contributing to the regional seismic hazard assessment of NE Italy.
Wenbin Tang, Ji Zhou, Jin Ma, Ziwei Wang, Lirong Ding, Xiaodong Zhang, and Xu Zhang
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 387–419, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-387-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-387-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This paper reported a daily 1 km all-weather land surface temperature (LST) dataset for Chinese land mass and surrounding areas – TRIMS LST. The results of a comprehensive evaluation show that TRIMS LST has the following special features: the longest time coverage in its class, high image quality, and good accuracy. TRIMS LST has already been released to the scientific community, and a series of its applications have been reported by the literature.
Arno Zang, Peter Niemz, Sebastian von Specht, Günter Zimmermann, Claus Milkereit, Katrin Plenkers, and Gerd Klee
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 295–310, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-295-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-295-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We present experimental data collected in 2015 at Äspö Hard Rock Laboratory. We created six cracks in a rock mass by injecting water into a borehole. The cracks were monitored using special sensors to study how the water affected the rock. The goal of the experiment was to figure out how to create a system for generating heat from the rock that is better than what has been done before. The data collected from this experiment are important for future research into generating energy from rocks.
Quetzalcoatl Rodríguez-Pérez and F. Ramón Zúñiga
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 4781–4801, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-4781-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-4781-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We present a comprehensive catalog of focal mechanisms for earthquakes in Mexico and neighboring areas spanning February 1928 to July 2022. The catalog comprises a wide range of earthquake magnitudes and depths and includes data from diverse geological environments. We collected and revised focal mechanism data from various sources and methods. The catalog is a valuable resource for future studies on earthquake source mechanisms, tectonics, and seismic hazard in the region.
Iman R. Kivi, Auregan Boyet, Haiqing Wu, Linus Walter, Sara Hanson-Hedgecock, Francesco Parisio, and Victor Vilarrasa
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 3163–3182, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3163-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3163-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Induced seismicity has posed significant challenges to secure deployment of geo-energy projects. Through a review of published documents, we present a worldwide, multi-physical database of injection-induced seismicity. The database contains information about in situ rock, tectonic and geologic characteristics, operational parameters, and seismicity for various subsurface energy-related activities. The data allow for an improved understanding and management of injection-induced seismicity.
Claudia Finger, Marco P. Roth, Marco Dietl, Aileen Gotowik, Nina Engels, Rebecca M. Harrington, Brigitte Knapmeyer-Endrun, Klaus Reicherter, Thomas Oswald, Thomas Reinsch, and Erik H. Saenger
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 2655–2666, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2655-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2655-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Passive seismic analyses are a key technology for geothermal projects. The Lower Rhine Embayment, at the western border of North Rhine-Westphalia in Germany, is a geologically complex region with high potential for geothermal exploitation. Here, we report on a passive seismic dataset recorded with 48 seismic stations and a total extent of 20 km. We demonstrate that the network design allows for the application of state-of-the-art seismological methods.
Jia-Hao Li, Zhao-Liang Li, Xiangyang Liu, and Si-Bo Duan
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 2189–2212, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2189-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2189-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) is the only sensor that has the advantages of frequent revisits (twice per day), relatively high spatial resolution (4 km at the nadir), global coverage, and easy access prior to 2000. This study developed a global historical twice-daily LST product for 1981–2021 based on AVHRR GAC data. The product is suitable for detecting and analyzing climate changes over the past 4 decades.
Konstantinos Michailos, György Hetényi, Matteo Scarponi, Josip Stipčević, Irene Bianchi, Luciana Bonatto, Wojciech Czuba, Massimo Di Bona, Aladino Govoni, Katrin Hannemann, Tomasz Janik, Dániel Kalmár, Rainer Kind, Frederik Link, Francesco Pio Lucente, Stephen Monna, Caterina Montuori, Stefan Mroczek, Anne Paul, Claudia Piromallo, Jaroslava Plomerová, Julia Rewers, Simone Salimbeni, Frederik Tilmann, Piotr Środa, Jérôme Vergne, and the AlpArray-PACASE Working Group
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 2117–2138, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2117-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2117-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We examine the spatial variability of the crustal thickness beneath the broader European Alpine region by using teleseismic earthquake information (receiver functions) on a large amount of seismic waveform data. We compile a new Moho depth map of the broader European Alps and make our results freely available. We anticipate that our results can potentially provide helpful hints for interdisciplinary imaging and numerical modeling studies.
Muhammad Rizwan Asif, Nikolaj Foged, Thue Bording, Jakob Juul Larsen, and Anders Vest Christiansen
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 1389–1401, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-1389-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-1389-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
To apply a deep learning (DL) algorithm to electromagnetic (EM) methods, subsurface resistivity models and/or the corresponding EM responses are often required. To date, there are no standardized EM datasets, which hinders the progress and evolution of DL methods due to data inconsistency. Therefore, we present a large-scale physics-driven model database of geologically plausible and EM-resolvable subsurface models to incorporate consistency and reliability into DL applications for EM methods.
Médéric Gravelle, Guy Wöppelmann, Kevin Gobron, Zuheir Altamimi, Mikaël Guichard, Thomas Herring, and Paul Rebischung
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 497–509, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-497-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-497-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We produced a reanalysis of GNSS data near tide gauges worldwide within the International GNSS Service. It implements advances in data modelling and corrections, extending the record length by about 7 years. A 28 % reduction in station velocity uncertainties is achieved over the previous solution. These estimates of vertical land motion at the coast supplement data from satellite altimetry or tide gauges for an improved understanding of sea level changes and their impacts along coastal areas.
Michal Kruszewski, Gerd Klee, Thomas Niederhuber, and Oliver Heidbach
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 5367–5385, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-5367-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-5367-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The authors assemble an in situ stress magnitude and orientation database based on 429 hydrofracturing tests that were carried out in six coal mines and two coal bed methane boreholes between 1986 and 1995 within the greater Ruhr region (Germany). Our study summarises the results of the extensive in situ stress test campaign and assigns quality to each data record using the established quality ranking schemes of the World Stress Map project.
Andrea Rovida, Andrea Antonucci, and Mario Locati
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 5213–5231, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-5213-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-5213-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
EPICA is the 1000–1899 catalogue compiled for the European Seismic Hazard Model 2020 and contains 5703 earthquakes with Mw ≥ 4.0. It relies on the data of the European Archive of Historical Earthquake Data (AHEAD), both macroseismic intensities from historical seismological studies and parameters from regional catalogues. For each earthquake, the most representative datasets were selected and processed in order to derive harmonised parameters, both from intensity data and parametric catalogues.
Suqin Zhang, Changhua Fu, Jianjun Wang, Guohao Zhu, Chuanhua Chen, Shaopeng He, Pengkun Guo, and Guoping Chang
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 5195–5212, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-5195-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-5195-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The Sheshan observatory has nearly 150 years of observation history, and its observation data have important scientific value. However, with time, these precious historical data face the risk of damage and loss. We have carried out a series of rescues on the historical data of the Sheshan observatory. New historical datasets were released, including the quality-controlled absolute hourly mean values of three components (D, H, and Z) from 1933 to 2019.
Guoyu Li, Wei Ma, Fei Wang, Huijun Jin, Alexander Fedorov, Dun Chen, Gang Wu, Yapeng Cao, Yu Zhou, Yanhu Mu, Yuncheng Mao, Jun Zhang, Kai Gao, Xiaoying Jin, Ruixia He, Xinyu Li, and Yan Li
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 5093–5110, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-5093-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-5093-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
A permafrost monitoring network was established along the China–Russia crude oil pipeline (CRCOP) route at the eastern flank of the northern Da Xing'anling Mountains in Northeast China. The resulting datasets fill the gaps in the spatial coverage of mid-latitude mountain permafrost databases. Results show that permafrost warming has been extensively observed along the CRCOP route, and local disturbances triggered by the CRCOPs have resulted in significant permafrost thawing.
Alessandro Cicoira, Samuel Weber, Andreas Biri, Ben Buchli, Reynald Delaloye, Reto Da Forno, Isabelle Gärtner-Roer, Stephan Gruber, Tonio Gsell, Andreas Hasler, Roman Lim, Philippe Limpach, Raphael Mayoraz, Matthias Meyer, Jeannette Noetzli, Marcia Phillips, Eric Pointner, Hugo Raetzo, Cristian Scapozza, Tazio Strozzi, Lothar Thiele, Andreas Vieli, Daniel Vonder Mühll, Vanessa Wirz, and Jan Beutel
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 5061–5091, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-5061-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-5061-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This paper documents a monitoring network of 54 positions, located on different periglacial landforms in the Swiss Alps: rock glaciers, landslides, and steep rock walls. The data serve basic research but also decision-making and mitigation of natural hazards. It is the largest dataset of its kind, comprising over 209 000 daily positions and additional weather data.
Xiaoli Chang, Huijun Jin, Ruixia He, Yanlin Zhang, Xiaoying Li, Xiaoying Jin, and Guoyu Li
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 3947–3959, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-3947-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-3947-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Based on 10-year observations of ground temperatures in seven deep boreholes in Gen’he, Mangui, and Yituli’he, a wide range of mean annual ground temperatures at the depth of 20 m (−2.83 to −0.49 ℃) and that of annual maximum thawing depth (about 1.1 to 7.0 m) have been revealed. This study demonstrates that most trajectories of permafrost changes in Northeast China are ground warming and permafrost degradation, except that the shallow permafrost is cooling in Yituli’he.
Alice C. Frémand, Julien A. Bodart, Tom A. Jordan, Fausto Ferraccioli, Carl Robinson, Hugh F. J. Corr, Helen J. Peat, Robert G. Bingham, and David G. Vaughan
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 3379–3410, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-3379-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-3379-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents the release of large swaths of airborne geophysical data (including gravity, magnetics, and radar) acquired between 1994 and 2020 over Antarctica by the British Antarctic Survey. These include a total of 64 datasets from 24 different surveys, amounting to >30 % of coverage over the Antarctic Ice Sheet. This paper discusses how these data were acquired and processed and presents the methods used to standardize and publish the data in an interactive and reproducible manner.
Václav Vavryčuk, Petra Adamová, Jana Doubravová, and Josef Horálek
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 2179–2194, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-2179-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-2179-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We present a unique catalogue of more than 5100 highly accurate seismic moment tensors of earthquakes that occurred in West Bohemia, Czech Republic, in the period 2008–2018. The catalogue covers a long period of seismicity with several prominent earthquake swarms. The dataset is ideal for being utilized by a large community of researchers for various seismological purposes such as for studies of migration of foci, spatiotemporal evolution of seismicity, tectonic stress, or fluid flow on faults.
Domenico Di Giacomo and Dmitry A. Storchak
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 393–409, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-393-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-393-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The surface wave magnitude Ms is the only magnitude type that can be computed since the dawn of modern observational seismology (beginning
of the last century) for most shallow earthquakes worldwide. As a result of a 10+ year effort to digitize pre-1971 measurements of surface wave amplitudes and periods from printed bulletins, we are able to recompute Ms using a large set of stations and obtain it for the first time for several hundred earthquakes.
Mark Jessell, Jiateng Guo, Yunqiang Li, Mark Lindsay, Richard Scalzo, Jérémie Giraud, Guillaume Pirot, Ed Cripps, and Vitaliy Ogarko
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 381–392, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-381-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-381-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
To robustly train and test automated methods in the geosciences, we need to have access to large numbers of examples where we know
the answer. We present a suite of synthetic 3D geological models with their gravity and magnetic responses that allow researchers to test their methods on a whole range of geologically plausible models, thus overcoming one of the fundamental limitations of automation studies.
Alberto Michelini, Spina Cianetti, Sonja Gaviano, Carlo Giunchi, Dario Jozinović, and Valentino Lauciani
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 5509–5544, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-5509-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-5509-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We present a dataset consisting of seismic waveforms and associated metadata to be used primarily for seismologically oriented machine-learning (ML) studies. The dataset includes about 1.3 M three-component seismograms of fixed 120 s length, sampled at 100 Hz and recorded by more than 600 stations in Italy. The dataset is subdivided into seismograms deriving from earthquakes (~ 1.2 M) and from seismic noise (~ 130 000). The ~ 54 000 earthquakes range in magnitude from 0 to 6.5 from 2005 to 2020.
Ulysse Lebrec, Victorien Paumard, Michael J. O'Leary, and Simon C. Lang
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 5191–5212, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-5191-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-5191-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents an integrated workflow that builds on satellite images and 3D seismic surveys, integrated with historical depth soundings, to generate regional high-resolution digital elevation models (DEMs). The workflow was applied to the North West Shelf of Australia and led to the creation of new DEMs, with a resolution of 10 × 10 m in nearshore areas and 30 × 30 m elsewhere over an area of nearly 1 000 000 km2. This constitutes a major improvement of the pre-existing 250 × 250 m DEM.
Xiangjin Meng, Kebiao Mao, Fei Meng, Jiancheng Shi, Jiangyuan Zeng, Xinyi Shen, Yaokui Cui, Lingmei Jiang, and Zhonghua Guo
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 3239–3261, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-3239-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-3239-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
In order to improve the accuracy of China's regional agricultural drought monitoring and climate change research, we produced a long-term series of soil moisture products by constructing a time and depth correction model for three soil moisture products with the help of ground observation data. The spatial resolution is improved by building a spatial weight decomposition model, and validation indicates that the new product can meet application needs.
Alexis Neven, Pradip Kumar Maurya, Anders Vest Christiansen, and Philippe Renard
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 2743–2752, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-2743-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-2743-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The shallow underground is constituted of sediments that present high spatial variability. This upper layer is the most extensively used for resource exploitation (groundwater, geothermal heat, construction materials, etc.). Understanding and modeling the spatial variability of these deposits is crucial. We present a high-resolution electrical resistivity dataset that covers the upper Aare Valley in Switzerland. These data can help develop methods to characterize these geological formations.
Angela Saraò, Monica Sugan, Gianni Bressan, Gianfranco Renner, and Andrea Restivo
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 2245–2258, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-2245-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-2245-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Focal mechanisms describe the orientation of the fault on which an earthquake occurs and the slip direction. They are necessary to understand seismotectonic processes and for seismic hazard analysis. We present a focal mechanism catalogue of 772 selected earthquakes of
1.8 ≤ M ≤ 6.5 that occurred in the southeastern Alps and surrounding areas from 1928 to 2019. For each earthquake, we report focal mechanisms from the literature and newly computed solutions, and we suggest a preferred one.
Pavol Zahorec, Juraj Papčo, Roman Pašteka, Miroslav Bielik, Sylvain Bonvalot, Carla Braitenberg, Jörg Ebbing, Gerald Gabriel, Andrej Gosar, Adam Grand, Hans-Jürgen Götze, György Hetényi, Nils Holzrichter, Edi Kissling, Urs Marti, Bruno Meurers, Jan Mrlina, Ema Nogová, Alberto Pastorutti, Corinne Salaun, Matteo Scarponi, Josef Sebera, Lucia Seoane, Peter Skiba, Eszter Szűcs, and Matej Varga
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 2165–2209, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-2165-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-2165-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The gravity field of the Earth expresses the overall effect of the distribution of different rocks at depth with their distinguishing densities. Our work is the first to present the high-resolution gravity map of the entire Alpine orogen, for which high-quality land and sea data were reprocessed with the exact same calculation procedures. The results reflect the local and regional structure of the Alpine lithosphere in great detail. The database is hereby openly shared to serve further research.
Natalia Sergeyeva, Alexei Gvishiani, Anatoly Soloviev, Lyudmila Zabarinskaya, Tamara Krylova, Mikhail Nisilevich, and Roman Krasnoperov
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 1987–1999, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-1987-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-1987-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The K index is the classical, commonly used parameter of geomagnetic activity that serves as the measure of local magnetic field variations. This paper presents a unique collection of historical K index values that was formed at the World Data Center for Solar-Terrestrial Physics in Moscow. It includes the results of the K index determination at 41 geomagnetic observatories of the former USSR for the period from July 1957 to the early 1990s.
Domenico Di Giacomo, James Harris, and Dmitry A. Storchak
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 1957–1985, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-1957-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-1957-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We provide a comprehensive overview of the content in terms of moment magnitude (Mw) in the Bulletin of the International Seismological Centre (ISC). Mw is the preferred magnitude to characterize earthquakes in various research topics (e.g. Earth seismicity rates) and other applications (e.g. seismic hazard). We describe first the contribution of global agencies and agencies operating at a regional scale and then discuss features of Mw via different sets of comparisons.
Irene DeFelipe, Juan Alcalde, Monika Ivandic, David Martí, Mario Ruiz, Ignacio Marzán, Jordi Diaz, Puy Ayarza, Imma Palomeras, Jose-Luis Fernandez-Turiel, Cecilia Molina, Isabel Bernal, Larry Brown, Roland Roberts, and Ramon Carbonell
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 1053–1071, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-1053-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-1053-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Seismic data provide critical information about the structure of the lithosphere, and their preservation is essential for innovative research reusing data. The Seismic DAta REpository (SeisDARE) comprises legacy and recently acquired seismic data in the Iberian Peninsula and Morocco. This database has been built by a network of different institutions that promote multidisciplinary research. We aim to make seismic data easily available to the research, industry, and educational communities.
Anna L. Morozova, Paulo Ribeiro, and M. Alexandra Pais
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 809–825, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-809-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-809-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The Coimbra Magnetic Observatory (COI), Portugal, established in 1866, has provided nearly continuous records of the geomagnetic field for more than 150 years. However, during its long lifetime inevitable changes to the instruments and measurement procedures and even the relocation of the observatory have taken place. Such changes affect the quality of the measurements, introducing false (artificial) variations. We analyzed COI historical data to find and correct such artificial variations.
Jana Lasser, Joanna M. Nield, and Lucas Goehring
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 2881–2898, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-2881-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-2881-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The publication presents six data sets that describe the surface and subsurface characteristics of salt deserts in southern California. The data were collected during two field studies in 2016 and 2018 and are used to investigate the origins of the eye-catching hexagonal salt ridge patterns that emerge in such deserts. It is important to understand how these salt crusts grow since these deserts and their dynamic surface structure play a major role in the emission of dust into the atmosphere.
Roman Krasnoperov, Dmitry Peregoudov, Renata Lukianova, Anatoly Soloviev, and Boris Dzeboev
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 555–561, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-555-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-555-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The paper presents a collection of magnetic field measurements performed by early Soviet magnetic satellite missions Kosmos-49 (1964) and Kosmos-321 (1970). These data were used as initial data for analysis of the structure of the Earth’s magnetic field sources and for compilation of a series of its analytical models. The most notable model that employed Kosmos-49 data was the first generation of the International Geomagnetic Reference Field for epoch 1965.0.
Tony Alfredo Stabile, Vincenzo Serlenga, Claudio Satriano, Marco Romanelli, Erwan Gueguen, Maria Rosaria Gallipoli, Ermann Ripepi, Jean-Marie Saurel, Serena Panebianco, Jessica Bellanova, and Enrico Priolo
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 519–538, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-519-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-519-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents data collected by a seismic network developed in the framework of the INSIEME project aimed to study induced seismicity processes. The network is composed of eight stations deployed around two clusters of induced microearthquakes in the High Agri Valley (southern Italy). The solutions for reducing the background noise level are presented and the quality of acquired data is discussed. Such open-access data can be used by the scientific community for different applications.
Konstantinos Lentas, Domenico Di Giacomo, James Harris, and Dmitry A. Storchak
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 11, 565–578, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-565-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-565-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
In this article we try to make the broad geoscience community and especially the seismological community aware of the availability of earthquake source mechanisms in the Bulletin of the International Seismological Centre (ISC) and encourage researchers to make use of this data set in future research. Moreover, we acknowledge the data providers, and we encourage others to routinely submit their source mechanism solutions to the ISC.
Xuanmei Fan, Gianvito Scaringi, Guillem Domènech, Fan Yang, Xiaojun Guo, Lanxin Dai, Chaoyang He, Qiang Xu, and Runqiu Huang
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 11, 35–55, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-35-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-35-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Large earthquakes cause major disturbances to mountain landscapes. They trigger many landslides that can form deposits of debris on steep slopes and channels. Rainfall can remobilise these deposits and generate large and destructive flow-like landslides and floods. We release two datasets that track a decade of landsliding following the 2008 7.9 magnitude Wenchuan earthquake in China. These data are useful for quantifying the role of major earthquakes in shaping mountain landscapes.
Domenico Di Giacomo, E. Robert Engdahl, and Dmitry A. Storchak
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 10, 1877–1899, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-1877-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-1877-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
We outline work done to improve and extend the new reference catalogue of global earthquakes instrumentally recorded since 1904, the ISC-GEM Catalogue. We have added thousands of earthquakes between 1904 and 1959 and in recent years compared to the 2013 release. As earthquake catalogues are widely used for different aspects of research, we believe that this dataset will be instrumental for years to come for researchers involved in studies on seismic hazard and patterns of the Earth's seismicity.
Laura Sánchez, Christof Völksen, Alexandr Sokolov, Herbert Arenz, and Florian Seitz
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 10, 1503–1526, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-1503-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-1503-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
We provide a surface-kinematics model for the Alpine region based on high-level data analysis of 300 geodetic stations continuously operating over 12.4 years. This model includes a deformation model, a continuous velocity field, and a strain field consistently assessed for the entire Alpine mountain belt. Horizontal and vertical motion patterns are clearly identified and supported by uncertainties better than ±0.2 mm a−1 and ±0.3 mm a−1 in the horizontal and vertical components, respectively.
Ingo Sasgen, Alba Martín-Español, Alexander Horvath, Volker Klemann, Elizabeth J. Petrie, Bert Wouters, Martin Horwath, Roland Pail, Jonathan L. Bamber, Peter J. Clarke, Hannes Konrad, Terry Wilson, and Mark R. Drinkwater
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 10, 493–523, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-493-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-493-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
We present a collection of data sets, consisting of surface-elevation rates for Antarctic ice sheet from a combination of Envisat and ICESat, bedrock uplift rates for 118 GPS sites in Antarctica, and optimally filtered GRACE gravity field rates. We provide viscoelastic response functions to a disc load forcing for Earth structures present in East and West Antarctica. This data collection enables a joint inversion for present-day ice-mass changes and glacial isostatic adjustment in Antarctica.
Kristian Kjellerup Kjeldsen, Reimer Wilhelm Weinrebe, Jørgen Bendtsen, Anders Anker Bjørk, and Kurt Henrik Kjær
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 9, 589–600, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-9-589-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-9-589-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Here we present bathymetric and hydrographic measurements from two fjords in southeastern Greenland surveyed in 2014, leading to improved knowledge of the fjord morphology and an assessment of the variability in water masses in the fjords systems. Data were collected as part of a larger field campaign in which we targeted marine and terrestrial observations to assess the long-term behavior of the Greenland ice sheet and provide linkages to modern observations.
Johannes Petrone, Gustav Sohlenius, Emma Johansson, Tobias Lindborg, Jens-Ove Näslund, Mårten Strömgren, and Lars Brydsten
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 8, 663–677, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-8-663-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-8-663-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents data and resulting models of spatial distributions of maximum active layer thickness and sediment thickness and their connection to surface vegetation and topography from the Kangerlussuaq region, western Greenland. The data set constitutes geometrical information and will be used in coupled hydrological and biogeochemical modeling together with previous published hydrological data (doi:10.5194/essd-7-93-2015, 2015) and biogeochemical data (doi:10.5194/essd-8-439-2016, 2016).
B. K. Biskaborn, J.-P. Lanckman, H. Lantuit, K. Elger, D. A. Streletskiy, W. L. Cable, and V. E. Romanovsky
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 7, 245–259, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-7-245-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-7-245-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
This paper introduces the new database of the Global Terrestrial Network for Permafrost (GTN-P) on permafrost temperature and active layer thickness data. It describes the operability of the Data Management System and the data quality. By applying statistics on GTN-P metadata, we analyze the spatial sample representation of permafrost monitoring sites. Comparison with environmental variables and climate projection data enable identification of potential future research locations.
P. Arason, G. N. Petersen, and H. Bjornsson
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 3, 9–17, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-3-9-2011, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-3-9-2011, 2011
Cited articles
Abatzoglou, J. T., Dobrowski, S. Z., Parks, S. A., and Hegewisch, K. C.:
TerraClimate, a high-resolution global dataset of monthly climate and
climatic water balance from 1958–2015, Sci. Data, 5, 170191,
https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2017.191, 2018.
Almusaed, A.: Evapotranspiration and Environmental Benefits, in: Biophilic
and Bioclimatic Architecture: Analytical Therapy for the Next Generation of
Passive Sustainable Architecture, edited by: Almusaed, A., Springer London,
London, 167–171, 2011.
Andam-Akorful, S. A., Ferreira, V. G., Awange, J. L., Forootan, E., and He,
X. F.: Multi-model and multi-sensor estimations of evapotranspiration over
the Volta Basin, West Africa, Int. J. Climatol., 35,
3132–3145, https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.4198, 2015.
Arnell, N. W.: Climate change and global water resources, Global
Environ. Change, 9, S31–S49,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0959-3780(99)00017-5, 1999.
Arnell, N. W. and Lloyd-Hughes, B.: The global-scale impacts of climate
change on water resources and flooding under new climate and socio-economic
scenarios, Clim. Change, 122, 127–140,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-013-0948-4, 2014.
Ashouri, H., Hsu, K.-L., Sorooshian, S., Braithwaite, D. K., Knapp, K. R.,
Cecil, L. D., Nelson, B. R., and Prat, O. P.: PERSIANN-CDR: Daily
Precipitation Climate Data Record from Multisatellite Observations for
Hydrological and Climate Studies, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 96, 69–83, https://doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-13-00068.1, 2015.
Badgley, G., Fisher, J. B., Jiménez, C., Tu, K. P., and Vinukollu, R.:
On Uncertainty in Global Terrestrial Evapotranspiration Estimates from
Choice of Input Forcing Datasets, J. Hydrometeorol., 16,
1449–1455, https://doi.org/10.1175/jhm-d-14-0040.1, 2015.
Baldocchi, D.: Measuring fluxes of trace gases and energy between ecosystems
and the atmosphere – the state and future of the eddy covariance method,
Glob. Change Biol., 20, 3600–3609,
https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12649, 2014.
Bastiaanssen, W. G. M., Karimi, P., Rebelo, L.-M., Duan, Z., Senay, G.,
Muthuwatte, L., and Smakhtin, V.: Earth observation based assessment of the
water production and water consumption of Nile basin agro-ecosystems, Remote
Sens., 6, 10306–10334, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs61110306,
2014.
Bhattarai, N., Mallick, K., Stuart, J., Vishwakarma, B. D., Niraula, R.,
Sen, S., and Jain, M.: An automated multi-model evapotranspiration mapping
framework using remotely sensed and reanalysis data, Remote Sens.
Environ., 229, 69–92, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2019.04.026, 2019.
Chen, X., Su, Z., Ma, Y., Yang, K., Wen, J., and Zhang, Y.: An Improvement
of Roughness Height Parameterization of the Surface Energy Balance System
(SEBS) over the Tibetan Plateau, J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol., 52, 607–622,
https://doi.org/10.1175/jamc-d-12-056.1, 2013.
Chen, X., Su, Z., Ma, Y., Liu, S., Yu, Q., and Xu, Z.: Development of a 10-year (2001–2010) 0.1∘ data set of land-surface energy balance for mainland China, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 13097–13117, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-13097-2014, 2014.
Chen, X., Massman, W. J., and Su, Z.: A Column Canopy-Air Turbulent
Diffusion Method for Different Canopy Structures, J. Geophys.
Res.-Atmos., 124, 488–506,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2018jd028883, 2019.
Chen, Y., Xia, J., Liang, S., Feng, J., Fisher, J. B., Li, X., Li, X., Liu,
S., Ma, Z., Miyata, A., Mu, Q., Sun, L., Tang, J., Wang, K., Wen, J., Xue,
Y., Yu, G., Zha, T., Zhang, L., Zhang, Q., Zhao, T., Zhao, L., and Yuan, W.:
Comparison of satellite-based evapotranspiration models over terrestrial
ecosystems in China, Remote Sens. Environ., 140, 279–293,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2013.08.045, 2014.
Danielson, J. J. and Gesch, D. B.: Global multi-resolution terrain elevation data 2010 (GMTED2010), Open-File Report 2011–1073, US Geological Survey, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111073, 2011.
Degefu, D. M., Weijun, H., Zaiyi, L., Liang, Y., Zhengwei, H., and Min, A.:
Mapping Monthly Water Scarcity in Global Transboundary Basins at
Country-Basin Mesh Based Spatial Resolution, Sci. Rep.-UK, 8,
2144-2144, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-20032-w, 2018.
Elnashar, A., Wang, L., Wu, B., Zhu, W., and Zeng, H.: Synthesis of Global
Actual Evapotranspiration from 1982 to 2019, V1, Harvard Dataverse,
https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/ZGOUED, 2020.
Ershadi, A., McCabe, M. F., Evans, J. P., Chaney, N. W., and Wood, E. F.:
Multi-site evaluation of terrestrial evaporation models using FLUXNET data,
Agr. Forest Meteorol., 187, 46–61,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2013.11.008, 2014.
FAO: WaPOR Database Methodology: Level 1 Data using remote sensing in
support of solutions to reduce agricultural water productivity gaps,
Technical Report, FAO, Rome, 2018.
FAO: WaPOR V2 Database Methodology. Remote Sensing for Water Productivity
Technical Report, Methodology Series, FAO, Rome, 2020.
Farr, T. G., Rosen, P. A., Caro, E., Crippen, R., Duren, R., Hensley, S.,
Kobrick, M., Paller, M., Rodriguez, E., Roth, L., Seal, D., Shaffer, S.,
Shimada, J., Umland, J., Werner, M., Oskin, M., Burbank, D., and Alsdorf,
D.: The Shuttle Radar Topography Mission, Rev. Geophys., 45, 2005RG000183,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2005rg000183, 2007.
Ferguson, P. R. and Veizer, J.: Coupling of water and carbon fluxes via the
terrestrial biosphere and its significance to the Earth's climate system,
J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 112, 2007JD008431,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2007jd008431, 2007.
Fisher, J. B., Melton, F., Middleton, E., Hain, C., Anderson, M., Allen, R.,
McCabe, M. F., Hook, S., Baldocchi, D., Townsend, P. A., Kilic, A., Tu, K.,
Miralles, D. D., Perret, J., Lagouarde, J.-P., Waliser, D., Purdy, A. J.,
French, A., Schimel, D., Famiglietti, J. S., Stephens, G., and Wood, E. F.:
The future of evapotranspiration: Global requirements for ecosystem
functioning, carbon and climate feedbacks, agricultural management, and
water resources, Water Resour. Res., 53, 2618–2626,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2016wr020175, 2017.
Foken, T.: The energy balance closure problem: An overview, Ecol.
Appl., 18, 1351–1367, https://doi.org/10.1890/06-0922.1,
2008.
Foken, T., Aubinet, M., and Leuning, R.: The Eddy Covariance Method, in:
Eddy Covariance: A Practical Guide to Measurement and Data Analysis, edited
by: Aubinet, M., Vesala, T., and Papale, D., Springer Netherlands,
Dordrecht, 1–19, 2012.
Forootan, E., Khaki, M., Schumacher, M., Wulfmeyer, V., Mehrnegar, N., van
Dijk, A. I. J. M., Brocca, L., Farzaneh, S., Akinluyi, F., Ramillien, G.,
Shum, C. K., Awange, J., and Mostafaie, A.: Understanding the global
hydrological droughts of 2003–2016 and their relationships with
teleconnections, Sci. Total Environ., 650, 2587–2604,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.231, 2019.
Funk, C., Peterson, P., Landsfeld, M., Pedreros, D., Verdin, J., Shukla, S.,
Husak, G., Rowland, J., Harrison, L., and Hoell, A.: The climate hazards
infrared precipitation with stations-a new environmental record for
monitoring extremes, Sci. Data, 2, 150066,
https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2015.66, 2015.
Gentine, P., Green, J. K., Guérin, M., Humphrey, V., Seneviratne, S. I.,
Zhang, Y., and Zhou, S.: Coupling between the terrestrial carbon and water
cycles-a review, Environ. Res. Lett., 14, 083003, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ab22d6, 2019.
Ghilain, N., Arboleda, A., and Gellens-Meulenberghs, F.: Evapotranspiration modelling at large scale using near-real time MSG SEVIRI derived data, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 15, 771–786, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-15-771-2011, 2011.
Haddeland, I., Heinke, J., Biemans, H., Eisner, S., Flörke, M.,
Hanasaki, N., Konzmann, M., Ludwig, F., Masaki, Y., Schewe, J., Stacke, T.,
Tessler, Z. D., Wada, Y., and Wisser, D.: Global water resources affected by
human interventions and climate change, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 111, 3251, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1222475110, 2014.
Helgason, W. and Pomeroy, J.: Problems Closing the Energy Balance over a
Homogeneous Snow Cover during Midwinter, J. Hydrometeorol., 13,
557–572, https://doi.org/10.1175/JHM-D-11-0135.1, 2012.
Henderson-Sellers, B.: A new formula for latent heat of vaporization of
water as a function of temperature, Q. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 110, 1186–1190,
https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.49711046626, 1984.
Hofste, R. W.: Comparative analysis among near-operational
evapotranspiration products for the Nile basin based on earth observations
first steps towards an ensemble product, MSc Thes, Delft University of
Technology, the Netherlands, 2014.
Hu, G., Jia, L., and Menenti, M.: Comparison of MOD16 and LSA-SAF MSG
evapotranspiration products over Europe for 2011, Remote Sens.
Environ., 156, 510–526,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2014.10.017, 2015.
Huffman, G. J., Adler, R. F., Arkin, P., Chang, A., Ferraro, R., Gruber, A.,
Janowiak, J., McNab, A., Rudolf, B., and Schneider, U.: The Global
Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) combined precipitation dataset,
B. Am. Meteor. Soc., 78, 5–20,
https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0477(1997)078<0005:TGPCPG>2.0.CO;2, 1997.
Jia, Z., Liu, S., Xu, Z., Chen, Y., and Zhu, M.: Validation of remotely
sensed evapotranspiration over the Hai River Basin, China, J.
Geophys. Res., 17, 1–21, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JD017037, 2012.
Jiménez, C., Prigent, C., and Aires, F.: Toward an estimation of global
land surface heat fluxes from multisatellite observations, J.
Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 114, 2008JD011392,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2008jd011392, 2009.
Kim, H. W., Hwang, K., Mu, Q., Lee, S. O., and Choi, M.: Validation of MODIS
16 global terrestrial evapotranspiration products in various climates and
land cover types in Asia, J. Civ. Eng., 16, 229–238,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-012-0006-1, 2012.
Leuning, R., Zhang, Y. Q., Rajaud, A., Cleugh, H., and Tu, K.: A simple
surface conductance model to estimate regional evaporation using MODIS leaf
area index and the Penman-Monteith equation, Water Resour. Res., 44, 2007WR006562,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2007wr006562, 2008.
Li, S., Wang, G., Sun, S., Chen, H., Bai, P., Zhou, S., Huang, Y., Wang, J.,
and Deng, P.: Assessment of Multi-Source Evapotranspiration Products over
China Using Eddy Covariance Observations, Remote Sens., 10, 1692,
https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10111692, 2018.
Liu, S. M., Xu, Z. W., Zhu, Z. L., Jia, Z. Z., and Zhu, M. J.: Measurements
of evapotranspiration from eddy-covariance systems and large aperture
scintillometers in the Hai River Basin, China, J. Hydrol., 487,
24–38, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.02.025, 2013.
Lu, Y., Cai, H., Jiang, T., Sun, S., Wang, Y., Zhao, J., Yu, X., and Sun,
J.: Assessment of global drought propensity and its impacts on agricultural
water use in future climate scenarios, Agr. Forest Meteorol.,
278, 107623, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2019.107623,
2019.
Ma, N., Szilagyi, J., Zhang, Y., and Liu, W.:
Complementary-Relationship-Based Modeling of Terrestrial Evapotranspiration
Across China During 1982–2012: Validations and Spatiotemporal Analyses,
J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 124, 4326–4351,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2018jd029850, 2019.
Majozi, N., Mannaerts, C., Ramoelo, A., Mathieu, R., Mudau, A., and Verhoef,
W.: An intercomparison of satellite-based daily evapotranspiration estimates
under different eco-climatic regions in South Africa, Remote Sens., 9,
307, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9040307, 2017.
Martens, B., Miralles, D. G., Lievens, H., van der Schalie, R., de Jeu, R. A. M., Fernández-Prieto, D., Beck, H. E., Dorigo, W. A., and Verhoest, N. E. C.: GLEAM v3: satellite-based land evaporation and root-zone soil moisture, Geosci. Model Dev., 10, 1903–1925, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-1903-2017, 2017.
McCabe, M. F., Ershadi, A., Jimenez, C., Miralles, D. G., Michel, D., and Wood, E. F.: The GEWEX LandFlux project: evaluation of model evaporation using tower-based and globally gridded forcing data, Geosci. Model Dev., 9, 283–305, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-283-2016, 2016.
McNally, A., Arsenault, K., Kumar, S., Shukla, S., Peterson, P., Wang, S.,
Funk, C., Peters-Lidard, C. D., and Verdin, J. P.: A land data assimilation
system for sub-Saharan Africa food and water security applications,
Sci. Data, 4, 170012,
https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2017.12, 2017.
Michel, D., Jiménez, C., Miralles, D. G., Jung, M., Hirschi, M., Ershadi, A., Martens, B., McCabe, M. F., Fisher, J. B., Mu, Q., Seneviratne, S. I., Wood, E. F., and Fernández-Prieto, D.: The WACMOS-ET project – Part 1: Tower-scale evaluation of four remote-sensing-based evapotranspiration algorithms, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 803–822, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-803-2016, 2016.
Miralles, D. G., De Jeu, R. A. M., Gash, J. H., Holmes, T. R. H., and Dolman, A. J.: Magnitude and variability of land evaporation and its components at the global scale, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 15, 967–981, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-15-967-2011, 2011a.
Miralles, D. G., Holmes, T. R. H., De Jeu, R. A. M., Gash, J. H., Meesters, A. G. C. A., and Dolman, A. J.: Global land-surface evaporation estimated from satellite-based observations, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 15, 453–469, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-15-453-2011, 2011b.
Mu, Q., Zhao, M., and Running, S. W.: Improvements to a MODIS global
terrestrial evapotranspiration algorithm, Remote Sens. Environ.,
115, 1781–1800, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2011.02.019,
2011.
Mu, Q., Zhao, M., Steven, W., and Numerical Terradynamic Simulation Group: MODIS Global Terrestrial Evapotranspiration (ET) Product (NASA MOD16A2/A3) Collection 5, available at: https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/datasets/catalog/MODIS_NTSG_MOD16A2_105 (last access: 21 January 2021), 2014a.
Mu, Q., Zhao, M., and Steven, W.: MODIS Global Terrestrial Evapotranspiration (ET) Product (NASA MOD16A2/A3) Collection 5, NASA Headquarters, Numerical Terradynamic Simulation Group Publications, 268, available at: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/ntsg_pubs/268 (last access: 21 January 2021), 2014b.
Mueller, B., Hirschi, M., Jimenez, C., Ciais, P., Dirmeyer, P. A., Dolman, A. J., Fisher, J. B., Jung, M., Ludwig, F., Maignan, F., Miralles, D. G., McCabe, M. F., Reichstein, M., Sheffield, J., Wang, K., Wood, E. F., Zhang, Y., and Seneviratne, S. I.: Benchmark products for land evapotranspiration: LandFlux-EVAL multi-data set synthesis, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 17, 3707–3720, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-3707-2013, 2013.
Munia, H., Guillaume, J. H. A., Mirumachi, N., Porkka, M., Wada, Y., and
Kummu, M.: Water stress in global transboundary river basins: significance
of upstream water use on downstream stress, Environ. Res. Lett.,
11, 014002, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/11/1/014002,
2016.
Naumann, G., Alfieri, L., Wyser, K., Mentaschi, L., Betts, R. A., Carrao,
H., Spinoni, J., Vogt, J., and Feyen, L.: Global Changes in Drought
Conditions Under Different Levels of Warming, Geophys. Res. Lett.,
45, 3285–3296, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017gl076521, 2018.
Oki, T. and Kanae, S.: Global hydrological cycles and world water
resources, Science, 313, 1068–1072, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1128845, 2006.
Pan, S., Tian, H., Dangal, S. R. S., Yang, Q., Yang, J., Lu, C., Tao, B.,
Ren, W., and Ouyang, Z.: Responses of global terrestrial evapotranspiration
to climate change and increasing atmospheric CO2 in the 21st century,
Earths Future, 3, 15–35, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014ef000263,
2015.
Reichstein, M., Falge, E., Baldocchi, D., Papale, D., Aubinet, M.,
Berbigier, P., Bernhofer, C., Buchmann, N., Gilmanov, T., Granier, A.,
Grünwald, T., Havránková, K., Ilvesniemi, H., Janous, D., Knohl,
A., Laurila, T., Lohila, A., Loustau, D., Matteucci, G., Meyers, T.,
Miglietta, F., Ourcival, J.-M., Pumpanen, J., Rambal, S., Rotenberg, E.,
Sanz, M., Tenhunen, J., Seufert, G., Vaccari, F., Vesala, T., Yakir, D., and
Valentini, R.: On the separation of net ecosystem exchange into assimilation
and ecosystem respiration: review and improved algorithm, Glob. Change
Biol., 11, 1424–1439, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.001002.x, 2005.
Revelli, R. and Porporato, A.: Ecohydrological model for the quantification
of ecosystem services provided by urban street trees, Urban Ecosyst., 21,
489–504, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11252-018-0741-2, 2018.
Rodell, M., Houser, P. R., Jambor, U., Gottschalck, J., Mitchell, K., Meng,
C.-J., Arsenault, K., Cosgrove, B., Radakovich, J., Bosilovich, M., Entin,
J. K., Walker, J. P., Lohmann, D., and Toll, D.: The Global Land Data
Assimilation System, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 85,
381–394, https://doi.org/10.1175/bams-85-3-381, 2004.
Rodell, M., Beaudoing, H. K., L'Ecuyer, T. S., Olson, W. S., Famiglietti, J.
S., Houser, P. R., Adler, R., Bosilovich, M. G., Clayson, C. A., Chambers,
D., Clark, E., Fetzer, E. J., Gao, X., Gu, G., Hilburn, K., Huffman, G. J.,
Lettenmaier, D. P., Liu, W. T., Robertson, F. R., Schlosser, C. A.,
Sheffield, J., and Wood, E. F.: The Observed State of the Water Cycle in the
Early Twenty-First Century, J. Climate, 28, 8289–8318,
https://doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-14-00555.1, 2015.
Samaranayake, N., Limaye, S., and Wuthnow, J.: Water resource competition in the Brahmaputra river basin: China, India, and Bangladesh, CNA, Washington, D.C., available at: https://www.cna.org/cna_files/pdf/cna-brahmaputra-study-2016.pdf (last access: 21 January 2021), 2016.
Savoca, M. E., Senay, G. B., Maupin, M. A., Kenny, J. F., and Perry, C. A.:
Actual evapotranspiration modeling using the operational Simplified Surface
Energy Balance (SSEBop) approach, U.S. Geological Survey Scientific
Investigations Report 2013-126, 16 p, 2013.
Schaffrath, D. and Bernhofer, C.: Variability and distribution of spatial
evapotranspiration in semi arid Inner Mongolian grasslands from 2002 to
2011, SpringerPlus, 2, 547, https://doi.org/10.1186/2193-1801-2-547, 2013.
Scheff, J. and Frierson, D. M. W.: Scaling Potential Evapotranspiration
with Greenhouse Warming, J. Climate, 27, 1539–1558,
https://doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-13-00233.1, 2014.
Scott, C. A., Silva-Ochoa, P., Florencio-Cruz, V., and Wester, P.:
Competition for Water in the Lerma-Chapala Basin, in: The Lerma-Chapala
Watershed: Evaluation and Management, edited by: Hansen, A. M. and van
Afferden, M., Springer US, Boston, MA, 291–323, 2001.
Senay, G., Budde, M., Verdin, J., and Melesse, A.: A coupled remote sensing
and simplified surface energy balance approach to estimate actual
evapotranspiration from irrigated fields, Sensors, 7, 979–1000, https://doi.org/10.3390/s7060979, 2007.
Senay, G. B. and Kagone, S.: Daily SSEBop Evapotranspiration: U. S.
Geological Survey Data Release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9L2YMV, 2019.
Senay, G. B., Budde, M. E., and Verdin, J. P.: Enhancing the Simplified
Surface Energy Balance (SSEB) approach for estimating landscape ET:
Validation with the METRIC model, Agr. Water Manage., 98,
606–618, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2010.10.014, 2011.
Senay, G. B., Bohms, S., and Verdin, J. P.: Remote Sensing of Evapotranspiration for Operational Drought Monitoring Using Principles of Water and Energy Balance. USGS Staff – Published Research, 979, available at: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/usgsstaffpub/979 (last access: 21 January 2021), 2012.
Senay, G. B., Bohms, S., Singh, R. K., Gowda, P. H., Velpuri, N. M., Alemu,
H., and Verdin, J. P.: Operational evapotranspiration mapping using remote
sensing and weather datasets: A new parameterization for the SSEB approach,
J. Am. Water Resour. As., 49, 577–591,
https://doi.org/10.1111/jawr.12057, 2013.
Senay, G. B., Kagone, S., and Velpuri, N. M.: Operational Global Actual
Evapotranspiration: Development, Evaluation, and Dissemination, Sensors, 20,
1915, https://doi.org/10.3390/s20071915, 2020.
Sheffield, J., Wood, E. F., and Roderick, M. L.: Little change in global
drought over the past 60 years, Nature, 491, 435–438,
https://doi.org/10.1038/nature11575, 2012.
Sörensson, A. A. and Ruscica, R. C.: Intercomparison and Uncertainty
Assessment of Nine Evapotranspiration Estimates Over South America, Water
Resour. Res., 54, 2891–2908, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017wr021682, 2018.
Spinoni, J., Barbosa, P., De Jager, A., McCormick, N., Naumann, G., Vogt, J.
V., Magni, D., Masante, D., and Mazzeschi, M.: A new global database of
meteorological drought events from 1951 to 2016, J. Hydrol., 22, 100593, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2019.100593, 2019.
Su, Z.: The Surface Energy Balance System (SEBS) for estimation of turbulent heat fluxes, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 6, 85–100, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-6-85-2002, 2002.
Tang, R., Shao, K., Li, Z.-L., Wu, H., Tang, B.-H., Zhou, G., and Zhang, L.:
Multiscale validation of the 8-day MOD16 evapotranspiration product using
flux data collected in China, Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth
Observations and Remote Sensing, 8, 1478–1486, https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTARS.2015.2420105, 2015.
Taylor, K. E.: Summarizing multiple aspects of model performance in a single
diagram, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 7183–7192,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JD900719, 2001.
Trabucco, A. and Zomer, R.: Global Aridity Index and Potential Evapotranspiration (ET0) Climate Database v2, figshare, Dataset, https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.7504448.v1, 2018.
Trambauer, P., Dutra, E., Maskey, S., Werner, M., Pappenberger, F., van Beek, L. P. H., and Uhlenbrook, S.: Comparison of different evaporation estimates over the African continent, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 193–212, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-193-2014, 2014.
Trenberth, K. E., Smith, L., Qian, T., Dai, A., and Fasullo, J.: Estimates
of the Global Water Budget and Its Annual Cycle Using Observational and
Model Data, J. Hydrometeorol., 8, 758–769,
https://doi.org/10.1175/jhm600.1, 2007.
UNEP: World atlas of desertification, United Nations Environment Programme,
1997.
Velpuri, N. M., Senay, G. B., Singh, R. K., Bohms, S., and Verdin, J. P.: A
comprehensive evaluation of two MODIS evapotranspiration products over the
conterminous United States: Using point and gridded FLUXNET and water
balance ET, Remote Sens. Environ., 139, 35–49, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2013.07.013, 2013.
Vinukollu, R. K., Meynadier, R., Sheffield, J., and Wood, E. F.:
Multi-model, multi-sensor estimates of global evapotranspiration:
climatology, uncertainties and trends, Hydrol. Process., 25,
3993–4010, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.8393, 2011a.
Vinukollu, R. K., Wood, E. F., Ferguson, C. R., and Fisher, J. B.: Global
estimates of evapotranspiration for climate studies using multi-sensor
remote sensing data: Evaluation of three process-based approaches, Remote
Sens. Environ., 115, 801–823,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2010.11.006, 2011b.
Walter, I. A., Allen, R. G., Elliott, R., Jensen, M. E., Itenfisu, D.,
Mecham, B., Howell, T. A., Snyder, R., Brown, P., Echings, S., Spofford, T.,
Hattendorf, M., Cuenca, R. H., Wright, J. L., and Martin, D.: ASCE's
Standardized Reference Evapotranspiration Equation, Watershed Management
and Operations Management, 2000, 1–11, 2001.
Wang, K. and Dickinson, R. E.: A review of global terrestrial
evapotranspiration: Observation, modeling, climatology, and climatic
variability, Rev. Geophys., 50, 2011RG000373,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2011rg000373, 2012.
Waring, R. H. and Running, S. W.: CHAPTER 10 – Advances in Eddy-Flux
Analyses, Remote Sensing, and Evidence of Climate Change, in: Forest
Ecosystems, Third Edition, edited by: Waring, R. H. and Running, S. W.,
Academic Press, San Diego, 317–344, 2007a.
Waring, R. H. and Running, S. W.: Chapter 2 – Water Cycle, in: Forest
Ecosystems, Third Edition, edited by: Waring, R. H. and Running, S. W.,
Academic Press, San Diego, 19–57, 2007b.
Weerasinghe, I., Bastiaanssen, W., Mul, M., Jia, L., and van Griensven, A.: Can we trust remote sensing evapotranspiration products over Africa?, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 1565–1586, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-1565-2020, 2020.
Wu, B., Tian, F., Zhang, M., Zeng, H., and Zeng, Y.: Cloud services with big
data provide a solution for monitoring and tracking sustainable development
goals, Geogr. Sust., 1, 25-32,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geosus.2020.03.006, 2020.
Xu, T., Guo, Z., Xia, Y., Ferreira, V. G., Liu, S., Wang, K., Yao, Y.,
Zhang, X., and Zhao, C.: Evaluation of twelve evapotranspiration products
from machine learning, remote sensing and land surface models over
conterminous United States, J. Hydrol., 578, 124105,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2019.124105, 2019.
Yamamoto, M. K. and Shige, S.: Implementation of an
orographic/nonorographic rainfall classification scheme in the GSMaP
algorithm for microwave radiometers, Atmos. Res., 163, 36–47,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2014.07.024, 2015.
Yang, H., Luo, P., Wang, J., Mou, C., Mo, L., Wang, Z., Fu, Y., Lin, H.,
Yang, Y., and Bhatta, L. D.: Ecosystem Evapotranspiration as a Response to
Climate and Vegetation Coverage Changes in Northwest Yunnan, China, Plos One, 10, e0134795,
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0134795, 2015.
Yang, X., Yong, B., Ren, L., Zhang, Y., and Long, D.: Multi-scale validation
of GLEAM evapotranspiration products over China via ChinaFLUX ET
measurements, Int. J. Remote Sens., 38, 5688–5709,
https://doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2017.1346400, 2017.
Yang, Z., Zhang, Q., and Hao, X.: Evapotranspiration Trend and Its Relationship with Precipitation over the Loess Plateau during the Last Three Decades, Adv. Meteorol., 2016, 6809749, https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/6809749, 2016.
Zhang, K., Kimball, J. S., Mu, Q., Jones, L. A., Goetz, S. J., and Running,
S. W.: Satellite based analysis of northern ET trends and associated changes
in the regional water balance from 1983 to 2005, J. Hydrol., 379,
92–110, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.09.047, 2009.
Zhang, K., Kimball, J. S., Nemani, R. R., and Running, S. W.: A continuous
satellite-derived global record of land surface evapotranspiration from 1983
to 2006, Water Resour. Res., 46, 2009WR008800,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2009wr008800, 2010.
Zhang, K., Kimball, J. S., and Running, S. W.: A review of remote sensing
based actual evapotranspiration estimation, WIRES
Water, 3, 834–853, https://doi.org/10.1002/wat2.1168, 2016.
Zhang, Y., Kong, D., Gan, R., Chiew, F. H. S., McVicar, T. R., Zhang, Q.,
and Yang, Y.: Coupled estimation of 500 m and 8-day resolution global
evapotranspiration and gross primary production in 2002–2017, Remote
Sens. Environ., 222, 165–182,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2018.12.031, 2019.
Zhong, Y., Zhong, M., Mao, Y., and Ji, B.: Evaluation of Evapotranspiration
for Exorheic Catchments of China during the GRACE Era: From a Water Balance
Perspective, Remote Sens., 12, 511,
https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12030511, 2020.
Zomer, R. J., Trabucco, A., Bossio, D. A., and Verchot, L. V.: Climate
change mitigation: A spatial analysis of global land suitability for clean
development mechanism afforestation and reforestation, Agr.
Ecosys. Environ., 126, 67–80,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2008.01.014, 2008.
Short summary
Based on a site-pixel validation and comparison of different global evapotranspiration (ET) products, this paper aims to produce a synthesized ET which has a minimum level of uncertainty over as many conditions as possible from 1982 to 2019. Through a high-quality flux eddy covariance (EC) covering the globe, PML, SSEBop, MOD16A2105, and NTSG ET products were chosen to create the new dataset. It agreed well with flux EC ET and can be used without other datasets or further assessments.
Based on a site-pixel validation and comparison of different global evapotranspiration (ET)...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint