Articles | Volume 7, issue 2
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 7, 245–259, 2015
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-7-245-2015
© Author(s) 2015. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Special issue: Changing Permafrost in the Arctic and its Global Effects in...
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 7, 245–259, 2015
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-7-245-2015
© Author(s) 2015. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Review article 14 Sep 2015
Review article | 14 Sep 2015
The new database of the Global Terrestrial Network for Permafrost (GTN-P)
B. K. Biskaborn et al.
Related authors
Stuart A. Vyse, Ulrike Herzschuh, Gregor Pfalz, Lyudmila A. Pestryakova, Bernhard Diekmann, Norbert Nowaczyk, and Boris K. Biskaborn
Biogeosciences, 18, 4791–4816, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-4791-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-4791-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Lakes act as important stores of organic carbon and inorganic sediment material. This study provides a first investigation into carbon and sediment accumulation and storage within an Arctic glacial lake from Far East Russia. It shows that major shifts are related to palaeoclimate variation that affects the development of the lake and its surrounding catchment. Spatial differences to other lake systems from other regions may reflect variability in processes controlled by latitude and altitude.
Ramesh Glückler, Ulrike Herzschuh, Stefan Kruse, Andrei Andreev, Stuart Andrew Vyse, Bettina Winkler, Boris K. Biskaborn, Luidmila Pestrykova, and Elisabeth Dietze
Biogeosciences, 18, 4185–4209, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-4185-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-4185-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Data about past fire activity are very sparse in Siberia. This study presents a first high-resolution record of charcoal particles from lake sediments in boreal eastern Siberia. It indicates that current levels of charcoal accumulation are not unprecedented. While a recent increase in reconstructed fire frequency coincides with rising temperatures and increasing human activity, vegetation composition does not seem to be a major driver behind changes in the fire regime in the past two millennia.
Hanna Lappalainen, Tuukka Petäjä, Timo Vihma, Jouni Räisänen, Alexander Baklanov, Sergey Chalov, Igor Esau, Ekaterina Ezhova, Matti Leppäranta, Dmitry Pozdnyakov, Jukka Pumpanen, Meinrat O. Andreae, Michael Arshinov, Eija Asmi, Jianhui Bai, Igor Bashmachnikov, Boris Belan, Federico Bianchi, Boris Biskaborn, Michael Boy, Jaana Bäck, Bin Cheng, Natalia Ye Chubarova, Jonathan Duplissy, Egor Dyukarev, Konstantinos Eleftheriadis, Martin Forsius, Martin Heimann, Sirkku Juhola, Vladimir Konovalov, Igor Konovalov, Pavel Konstantinov, Kajar Koster, Elena Lapsina, Anna Lintunen, Alexander Mahura, Risto Makkonen, Svetlana Malkhazova, Ivan Mammarella, Stefano Mammola, Stephany Mazon, Outi Meinander, Eugene Mikhailov, Victoria Miles, Stanislav Myslenko, Dimitry Orlov, Jean-Daniel Paris, Robertta Pirazzini, Olga Popovicheva, Jouni Pulliainen, Kimmo Rautiainen, Torsten Sachs, Vladimir Shevchenko, Andrey Skorokhod, Andreas Stohl, Elli Suhonen, Erik S. Thomson, Marina Tsidilina, Veli-Pekka Tynkkynen, Petteri Uotila, Aki Virkkula, Nadezhda Voropay, Tobias Wolf, Sayaka Yasunaka, Jiahua Zhang, Yubao Qui, Aijun Ding, Huadong Guo, Valery Bondur, Nikolay Kasimov, Sergey Zilitinkevich, Veli-Matti Kerminen, and Markku Kulmala
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2021-341, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2021-341, 2021
Preprint under review for ACP
Short summary
Short summary
We summarize results during the last five years in the Northern Eurasian region, especially from Russia, and introduce recent observations on the air quality in the urban environments in China. Although the scientific knowledge in these regions has increased, there are still gaps in our understanding of large-scale climate-Earth surface interactions and feedbacks. This arises from limitations in research infrastructures and integrative data analyses, hindering a comprehensive system analysis.
Ines Spangenberg, Pier Paul Overduin, Ellen Damm, Ingeborg Bussmann, Hanno Meyer, Susanne Liebner, Michael Angelopoulos, Boris K. Biskaborn, Mikhail N. Grigoriev, and Guido Grosse
The Cryosphere, 15, 1607–1625, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-1607-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-1607-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Thermokarst lakes are common on ice-rich permafrost. Many studies have shown that they are sources of methane to the atmosphere. Although they are usually covered by ice, little is known about what happens to methane in winter. We studied how much methane is contained in the ice of a thermokarst lake, a thermokarst lagoon and offshore. Methane concentrations differed strongly, depending on water body type. Microbes can also oxidize methane in ice and lower the concentrations during winter.
Boris K. Biskaborn, Larisa Nazarova, Lyudmila A. Pestryakova, Liudmila Syrykh, Kim Funck, Hanno Meyer, Bernhard Chapligin, Stuart Vyse, Ruslan Gorodnichev, Evgenii Zakharov, Rong Wang, Georg Schwamborn, Hannah L. Bailey, and Bernhard Diekmann
Biogeosciences, 16, 4023–4049, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-4023-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-4023-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
To better understand time-series data in lake sediment cores in times of rapidly changing climate, we study within-lake spatial variabilities of environmental indicator data in 38 sediment surface samples along spatial habitat gradients in the boreal deep Lake Bolshoe Toko (Russia). Our methods comprise physicochemical as well as diatom and chironomid analyses. Species diversities vary according to benthic niches, while abiotic proxies depend on river input, water depth, and catchment lithology.
Liv Heinecke, Steffen Mischke, Karsten Adler, Anja Barth, Boris K. Biskaborn, Birgit Plessen, Ingmar Nitze, Gerhard Kuhn, Ilhomjon Rajabov, and Ulrike Herzschuh
Clim. Past Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2016-34, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2016-34, 2016
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
The climate history of the Pamir Mountains (Tajikistan) during the last ~29 kyr was investigated using sediments from Lake Karakul as environmental archive. The inferred lake level was highest from the Late Glacial to the early Holocene and lake changes were mainly coupled to climate change. We conclude that the joint influence of Westerlies and Indian Monsoon during the early Holocene caused comparatively moist conditions, while dominating Westerlies yielded dry conditions since 6.7 cal kyr BP.
Joëlle Voglimacci-Stephanopoli, Anna Wendleder, Hugues Lantuit, Alexandre Langlois, Samuel Stettner, Jean-Pierre Dedieu, Achim Roth, and Alain Royer
The Cryosphere Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-2021-314, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-2021-314, 2021
Preprint under review for TC
Short summary
Short summary
Changes in the state of the snowpack in the context of observed global warming must be considered to improve our understanding of the processes within the cryosphere. This study aims to characterize an arctic snowpack using TerraSAR-X satellite. Using a high spatial resolution vegetation classification, we were able to quantify the variability of snow depth as well as the topographic soil wetness index which provided a better understanding of the electromagnetic wave-ground interaction.
Stuart A. Vyse, Ulrike Herzschuh, Gregor Pfalz, Lyudmila A. Pestryakova, Bernhard Diekmann, Norbert Nowaczyk, and Boris K. Biskaborn
Biogeosciences, 18, 4791–4816, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-4791-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-4791-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Lakes act as important stores of organic carbon and inorganic sediment material. This study provides a first investigation into carbon and sediment accumulation and storage within an Arctic glacial lake from Far East Russia. It shows that major shifts are related to palaeoclimate variation that affects the development of the lake and its surrounding catchment. Spatial differences to other lake systems from other regions may reflect variability in processes controlled by latitude and altitude.
Ramesh Glückler, Ulrike Herzschuh, Stefan Kruse, Andrei Andreev, Stuart Andrew Vyse, Bettina Winkler, Boris K. Biskaborn, Luidmila Pestrykova, and Elisabeth Dietze
Biogeosciences, 18, 4185–4209, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-4185-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-4185-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Data about past fire activity are very sparse in Siberia. This study presents a first high-resolution record of charcoal particles from lake sediments in boreal eastern Siberia. It indicates that current levels of charcoal accumulation are not unprecedented. While a recent increase in reconstructed fire frequency coincides with rising temperatures and increasing human activity, vegetation composition does not seem to be a major driver behind changes in the fire regime in the past two millennia.
Thomas Schneider von Deimling, Hanna Lee, Thomas Ingeman-Nielsen, Sebastian Westermann, Vladimir Romanovsky, Scott Lamoureux, Donald A. Walker, Sarah Chadburn, Erin Trochim, Lei Cai, Jan Nitzbon, Stephan Jacobi, and Moritz Langer
The Cryosphere, 15, 2451–2471, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-2451-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-2451-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Climate warming puts infrastructure built on permafrost at risk of failure. There is a growing need for appropriate model-based risk assessments. Here we present a modelling study and show an exemplary case of how a gravel road in a cold permafrost environment in Alaska might suffer from degrading permafrost under a scenario of intense climate warming. We use this case study to discuss the broader-scale applicability of our model for simulating future Arctic infrastructure failure.
Hanna Lappalainen, Tuukka Petäjä, Timo Vihma, Jouni Räisänen, Alexander Baklanov, Sergey Chalov, Igor Esau, Ekaterina Ezhova, Matti Leppäranta, Dmitry Pozdnyakov, Jukka Pumpanen, Meinrat O. Andreae, Michael Arshinov, Eija Asmi, Jianhui Bai, Igor Bashmachnikov, Boris Belan, Federico Bianchi, Boris Biskaborn, Michael Boy, Jaana Bäck, Bin Cheng, Natalia Ye Chubarova, Jonathan Duplissy, Egor Dyukarev, Konstantinos Eleftheriadis, Martin Forsius, Martin Heimann, Sirkku Juhola, Vladimir Konovalov, Igor Konovalov, Pavel Konstantinov, Kajar Koster, Elena Lapsina, Anna Lintunen, Alexander Mahura, Risto Makkonen, Svetlana Malkhazova, Ivan Mammarella, Stefano Mammola, Stephany Mazon, Outi Meinander, Eugene Mikhailov, Victoria Miles, Stanislav Myslenko, Dimitry Orlov, Jean-Daniel Paris, Robertta Pirazzini, Olga Popovicheva, Jouni Pulliainen, Kimmo Rautiainen, Torsten Sachs, Vladimir Shevchenko, Andrey Skorokhod, Andreas Stohl, Elli Suhonen, Erik S. Thomson, Marina Tsidilina, Veli-Pekka Tynkkynen, Petteri Uotila, Aki Virkkula, Nadezhda Voropay, Tobias Wolf, Sayaka Yasunaka, Jiahua Zhang, Yubao Qui, Aijun Ding, Huadong Guo, Valery Bondur, Nikolay Kasimov, Sergey Zilitinkevich, Veli-Matti Kerminen, and Markku Kulmala
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2021-341, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2021-341, 2021
Preprint under review for ACP
Short summary
Short summary
We summarize results during the last five years in the Northern Eurasian region, especially from Russia, and introduce recent observations on the air quality in the urban environments in China. Although the scientific knowledge in these regions has increased, there are still gaps in our understanding of large-scale climate-Earth surface interactions and feedbacks. This arises from limitations in research infrastructures and integrative data analyses, hindering a comprehensive system analysis.
Mirko Reguzzoni, Daniela Carrion, Carlo Iapige De Gaetani, Alberta Albertella, Lorenzo Rossi, Giovanna Sona, Khulan Batsukh, Juan Fernando Toro Herrera, Kirsten Elger, Riccardo Barzaghi, and Fernando Sansó
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 1653–1666, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-1653-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-1653-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The International Service for the Geoid provides free access to a repository of geoid models. The most important ones are freely available to perform analyses on the evolution of the geoid computation research field. Furthermore, the ISG performs research taking advantage of its archive and organizes specific training courses on geoid determination. This paper aims at describing the service and showing the added value of the archive of geoid models for the scientific community and technicians.
Ines Spangenberg, Pier Paul Overduin, Ellen Damm, Ingeborg Bussmann, Hanno Meyer, Susanne Liebner, Michael Angelopoulos, Boris K. Biskaborn, Mikhail N. Grigoriev, and Guido Grosse
The Cryosphere, 15, 1607–1625, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-1607-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-1607-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Thermokarst lakes are common on ice-rich permafrost. Many studies have shown that they are sources of methane to the atmosphere. Although they are usually covered by ice, little is known about what happens to methane in winter. We studied how much methane is contained in the ice of a thermokarst lake, a thermokarst lagoon and offshore. Methane concentrations differed strongly, depending on water body type. Microbes can also oxidize methane in ice and lower the concentrations during winter.
Rebecca Rolph, Pier Paul Overduin, Thomas Ravens, Hugues Lantuit, and Moritz Langer
Geosci. Model Dev. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2021-28, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2021-28, 2021
Revised manuscript under review for GMD
Short summary
Short summary
Declining sea ice, larger waves, and increasing air temperatures are contributing to a rapidly eroding Arctic coastline. We simulate water levels using wind speed and direction, which are used with wave height, wave period, and sea surface temperature to drive an erosion model of a partially frozen cliff and beach. This provides a first step to include Arctic erosion in larger-scale earth system models. Simulated cumulative retreat rates agree within the same order of magnitude as observations.
Friederike Koerting, Nicole Koellner, Agnieszka Kuras, Nina Kristin Boesche, Christian Rogass, Christian Mielke, Kirsten Elger, and Uwe Altenberger
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 923–942, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-923-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-923-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Mineral resource exploration and mining is an essential part of today's high-tech industry. Modern remote-sensing exploration techniques from multiple platforms (e.g., satellite) to detect the spectral characteristics of the surface require spectral libraries as an essential reference. To enable remote mapping, the spectral libraries for rare-earth-bearing minerals, copper-bearing minerals and surface samples from a copper mine are presented here with their corresponding geochemical validation.
Simone Maria Stuenzi, Julia Boike, William Cable, Ulrike Herzschuh, Stefan Kruse, Luidmila A. Pestryakova, Thomas Schneider von Deimling, Sebastian Westermann, Evgenii S. Zakharov, and Moritz Langer
Biogeosciences, 18, 343–365, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-343-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-343-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Boreal forests in eastern Siberia are an essential component of global climate patterns. We use a physically based model and field measurements to study the interactions between forests, permanently frozen ground and the atmosphere. We find that forests exert a strong control on the thermal state of permafrost through changing snow cover dynamics and altering the surface energy balance, through absorbing most of the incoming solar radiation and suppressing below-canopy turbulent fluxes.
Caroline Coch, Bennet Juhls, Scott F. Lamoureux, Melissa J. Lafrenière, Michael Fritz, Birgit Heim, and Hugues Lantuit
Biogeosciences, 16, 4535–4553, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-4535-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-4535-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Climate change affects Arctic ecosystems. This includes thawing of permafrost (ground below 0 °C) and an increase in rainfall. Both have substantial impacts on the chemical composition of river water. We compared the composition of small rivers in the low and high Arctic with the large Arctic rivers. In comparison, dissolved organic matter in the small rivers is more susceptible to degradation; thus, it could potentially increase carbon dioxide emissions. Rainfall events have a similar effect.
Emmanuel Léger, Baptiste Dafflon, Yves Robert, Craig Ulrich, John E. Peterson, Sébastien C. Biraud, Vladimir E. Romanovsky, and Susan S. Hubbard
The Cryosphere, 13, 2853–2867, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-2853-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-2853-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We propose a new strategy called distributed temperature profiling (DTP) for improving the estimation of soil thermal properties through the use of an unprecedented number of laterally and vertically distributed temperature measurements. We tested a DTP system prototype by moving it sequentially across a discontinuous permafrost environment. The DTP enabled high-resolution identification of near-surface permafrost location and covariability with topography, vegetation, and soil properties.
Boris K. Biskaborn, Larisa Nazarova, Lyudmila A. Pestryakova, Liudmila Syrykh, Kim Funck, Hanno Meyer, Bernhard Chapligin, Stuart Vyse, Ruslan Gorodnichev, Evgenii Zakharov, Rong Wang, Georg Schwamborn, Hannah L. Bailey, and Bernhard Diekmann
Biogeosciences, 16, 4023–4049, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-4023-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-4023-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
To better understand time-series data in lake sediment cores in times of rapidly changing climate, we study within-lake spatial variabilities of environmental indicator data in 38 sediment surface samples along spatial habitat gradients in the boreal deep Lake Bolshoe Toko (Russia). Our methods comprise physicochemical as well as diatom and chironomid analyses. Species diversities vary according to benthic niches, while abiotic proxies depend on river input, water depth, and catchment lithology.
Andrew M. Cunliffe, George Tanski, Boris Radosavljevic, William F. Palmer, Torsten Sachs, Hugues Lantuit, Jeffrey T. Kerby, and Isla H. Myers-Smith
The Cryosphere, 13, 1513–1528, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-1513-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-1513-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Episodic changes of permafrost coastlines are poorly understood in the Arctic. By using drones, satellite images, and historic photos we surveyed a permafrost coastline on Qikiqtaruk – Herschel Island. We observed short-term coastline retreat of 14.5 m per year (2016–2017), exceeding long-term average rates of 2.2 m per year (1952–2017). Our study highlights the value of these tools to assess understudied episodic changes of eroding permafrost coastlines in the context of a warming Arctic.
E. Sinem Ince, Franz Barthelmes, Sven Reißland, Kirsten Elger, Christoph Förste, Frank Flechtner, and Harald Schuh
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 11, 647–674, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-647-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-647-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
ICGEM is a non-profit scientific service that contributes to any research area in which the use of gravity information is essential. ICGEM offers the largest collection of global gravity field models, interactive calculation and visualisation services and delivers high-quality datasets to researchers and students in geodesy, geophysics, glaciology, hydrology, oceanography, and climatology and most importantly general public. Static, temporal, and topographic gravity field models are available.
Kang Wang, Elchin Jafarov, Irina Overeem, Vladimir Romanovsky, Kevin Schaefer, Gary Clow, Frank Urban, William Cable, Mark Piper, Christopher Schwalm, Tingjun Zhang, Alexander Kholodov, Pamela Sousanes, Michael Loso, and Kenneth Hill
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 10, 2311–2328, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-2311-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-2311-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Ground thermal and moisture data are important indicators of the rapid permafrost changes in the Arctic. To better understand the changes, we need a comprehensive dataset across various sites. We synthesize permafrost-related data in the state of Alaska. It should be a valuable permafrost dataset that is worth maintaining in the future. On a wider level, it also provides a prototype of basic data collection and management for permafrost regions in general.
Justine L. Ramage, Anna M. Irrgang, Anne Morgenstern, and Hugues Lantuit
Biogeosciences, 15, 1483–1495, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-1483-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-1483-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
We describe the evolution of thaw slumps between 1952 and 2011 along the Yukon Coast, Canada, and calculate the contribution of the slumps to the carbon budget in this area. The number of slumps has increased by 73 % over the period. These slumps displaced more than 16 billion m3 of material and mobilized 146 t of carbon. This represents 0.6 % of the annual carbon flux released from shoreline retreat, which shows that the contribution of slumps to the nearshore carbon budget is non-negligible.
Nicholas C. Parazoo, Charles D. Koven, David M. Lawrence, Vladimir Romanovsky, and Charles E. Miller
The Cryosphere, 12, 123–144, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-123-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-123-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Carbon models suggest the permafrost carbon feedback (soil carbon emissions from permafrost thaw) acts as a slow, unobservable leak. We investigate if permafrost temperature provides an observable signal to detect feedbacks. We find a slow carbon feedback in warm sub-Arctic permafrost soils, but potentially rapid feedback in cold Arctic permafrost. This is surprising since the cold permafrost region is dominated by tundra and underlain by deep, cold permafrost thought impervious to such changes.
Gautam Bisht, William J. Riley, Haruko M. Wainwright, Baptiste Dafflon, Fengming Yuan, and Vladimir E. Romanovsky
Geosci. Model Dev., 11, 61–76, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-61-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-61-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
The land model integrated into the Energy Exascale Earth System Model was extended to include snow redistribution (SR) and lateral subsurface hydrologic and thermal processes. Simulation results at a polygonal tundra site near Barrow, Alaska, showed that inclusion of SR resulted in a better agreement with observations. Excluding lateral subsurface processes had a small impact on mean states but caused a large overestimation of spatial variability in soil moisture and temperature.
Benjamin M. Jones, Carson A. Baughman, Vladimir E. Romanovsky, Andrew D. Parsekian, Esther L. Babcock, Eva Stephani, Miriam C. Jones, Guido Grosse, and Edward E. Berg
The Cryosphere, 10, 2673–2692, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-10-2673-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-10-2673-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
We combined field data collection with remote sensing data to document the presence and rapid degradation of permafrost in south-central Alaska during 1950–present. Ground temperature measurements confirmed permafrost presence in the region, but remotely sensed images showed that permafrost plateau extent decreased by 60 % since 1950. Better understanding these vulnerable permafrost deposits is important for predicting future permafrost extent across all permafrost regions that are warming.
William L. Cable, Vladimir E. Romanovsky, and M. Torre Jorgenson
The Cryosphere, 10, 2517–2532, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-10-2517-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-10-2517-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Permafrost temperatures in Alaska are increasing, yet in many areas we lack data needed to assess future changes and potential risks. In this paper we show that classifying the landscape into landcover types is an effective way to scale up permafrost temperature data collected from field monitoring sites. Based on these results, a map of mean annual ground temperature ranges at 1 m depth was produced. The map should be useful for land use decision making and identifying potential risk areas.
Jitendra Kumar, Nathan Collier, Gautam Bisht, Richard T. Mills, Peter E. Thornton, Colleen M. Iversen, and Vladimir Romanovsky
The Cryosphere, 10, 2241–2274, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-10-2241-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-10-2241-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Microtopography of the low-gradient polygonal tundra plays a critical role in these ecosystem; however, patterns and drivers are poorly understood. A modeling-based approach was developed in this study to characterize and represent the permafrost soils in the model and simulate the thermal dynamics using a mechanistic high-resolution model. Results shows the ability of the model to simulate the patterns and variability of thermal regimes and improve our understanding of polygonal tundra.
Liv Heinecke, Steffen Mischke, Karsten Adler, Anja Barth, Boris K. Biskaborn, Birgit Plessen, Ingmar Nitze, Gerhard Kuhn, Ilhomjon Rajabov, and Ulrike Herzschuh
Clim. Past Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2016-34, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2016-34, 2016
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
The climate history of the Pamir Mountains (Tajikistan) during the last ~29 kyr was investigated using sediments from Lake Karakul as environmental archive. The inferred lake level was highest from the Late Glacial to the early Holocene and lake changes were mainly coupled to climate change. We conclude that the joint influence of Westerlies and Indian Monsoon during the early Holocene caused comparatively moist conditions, while dominating Westerlies yielded dry conditions since 6.7 cal kyr BP.
D. R. Harp, A. L. Atchley, S. L. Painter, E. T. Coon, C. J. Wilson, V. E. Romanovsky, and J. C. Rowland
The Cryosphere, 10, 341–358, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-10-341-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-10-341-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
This paper investigates the uncertainty associated with permafrost thaw projections at an intensively monitored site. Permafrost thaw projections are simulated using a thermal hydrology model forced by a worst-case carbon emission scenario. The uncertainties associated with active layer depth, saturation state, thermal regime, and thaw duration are quantified and compared with the effects of climate model uncertainty on permafrost thaw projections.
A. L. Atchley, S. L. Painter, D. R. Harp, E. T. Coon, C. J. Wilson, A. K. Liljedahl, and V. E. Romanovsky
Geosci. Model Dev., 8, 2701–2722, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-8-2701-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-8-2701-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Development and calibration of a process-rich model representation of thaw-depth dynamics in Arctic tundra is presented. Improved understanding of polygonal tundra thermal hydrology processes, of thermal conduction, surface and subsurface saturation and snowpack dynamics is gained by using measured field data to calibrate and refine model structure. The refined model is then used identify future data needs and observational studies.
M. Fritz, T. Opel, G. Tanski, U. Herzschuh, H. Meyer, A. Eulenburg, and H. Lantuit
The Cryosphere, 9, 737–752, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-9-737-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-9-737-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Ground ice in permafrost has not, until now, been considered to be a source of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and other elements that are important for ecosystems and carbon cycling.
Ice wedges in the Arctic Yedoma region hold 45.2 Tg DOC (Tg = 10^12g), 33.6 Tg DIC and a freshwater reservoir of 4200 km³.
Leaching of terrestrial organic matter is the most relevant process of DOC sequestration into ground ice.
B. Heim, E. Abramova, R. Doerffer, F. Günther, J. Hölemann, A. Kraberg, H. Lantuit, A. Loginova, F. Martynov, P. P. Overduin, and C. Wegner
Biogeosciences, 11, 4191–4210, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-4191-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-4191-2014, 2014
K. Saito, T. Sueyoshi, S. Marchenko, V. Romanovsky, B. Otto-Bliesner, J. Walsh, N. Bigelow, A. Hendricks, and K. Yoshikawa
Clim. Past, 9, 1697–1714, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-1697-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-1697-2013, 2013
Related subject area
Geosciences – Geophysics
A fine-resolution soil moisture dataset for China in 2002–2018
tTEM20AAR: a benchmark geophysical data set for unconsolidated fluvioglacial sediments
Towards a regional high-resolution bathymetry of the North West Shelf of Australia based on Sentinel-2 satellite images, 3D seismic surveys and historical datasets
INSTANCE – the Italian seismic dataset for machine learning
A focal mechanism catalogue of earthquakes that occurred in the southeastern Alps and surrounding areas from 1928–2019
The first pan-Alpine surface-gravity database, a modern compilation that crosses frontiers
Historical K index data collection of Soviet magnetic observatories, 1957–1992
Complementing regional moment magnitudes to GCMT: a perspective from the rebuilt International Seismological Centre Bulletin
Reassessing the lithosphere: SeisDARE, an open-access seismic data repository
Homogenization of the historical series from the Coimbra Magnetic Observatory, Portugal
Synthesis of global actual evapotranspiration from 1982 to 2019
Surface and subsurface characterisation of salt pans expressing polygonal patterns
Early Soviet satellite magnetic field measurements in the years 1964 and 1970
The INSIEME seismic network: a research infrastructure for studying induced seismicity in the High Agri Valley (southern Italy)
The ISC Bulletin as a comprehensive source of earthquake source mechanisms
Two multi-temporal datasets that track the enhanced landsliding after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake
The ISC-GEM Earthquake Catalogue (1904–2014): status after the Extension Project
Present-day surface deformation of the Alpine region inferred from geodetic techniques
Altimetry, gravimetry, GPS and viscoelastic modeling data for the joint inversion for glacial isostatic adjustment in Antarctica (ESA STSE Project REGINA)
Multibeam bathymetry and CTD measurements in two fjord systems in southeastern Greenland
Using ground-penetrating radar, topography and classification of vegetation to model the sediment and active layer thickness in a periglacial lake catchment, western Greenland
Observations of the altitude of the volcanic plume during the eruption of Eyjafjallajökull, April–May 2010
Xiangjin Meng, Kebiao Mao, Fei Meng, Jiancheng Shi, Jiangyuan Zeng, Xinyi Shen, Yaokui Cui, Lingmei Jiang, and Zhonghua Guo
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 3239–3261, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-3239-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-3239-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
In order to improve the accuracy of China's regional agricultural drought monitoring and climate change research, we produced a long-term series of soil moisture products by constructing a time and depth correction model for three soil moisture products with the help of ground observation data. The spatial resolution is improved by building a spatial weight decomposition model, and validation indicates that the new product can meet application needs.
Alexis Neven, Pradip Kumar Maurya, Anders Vest Christiansen, and Philippe Renard
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 2743–2752, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-2743-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-2743-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The shallow underground is constituted of sediments that present high spatial variability. This upper layer is the most extensively used for resource exploitation (groundwater, geothermal heat, construction materials, etc.). Understanding and modeling the spatial variability of these deposits is crucial. We present a high-resolution electrical resistivity dataset that covers the upper Aare Valley in Switzerland. These data can help develop methods to characterize these geological formations.
Ulysse Lebrec, Victorien Paumard, Michael J. O'Leary, and Simon C. Lang
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2021-128, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2021-128, 2021
Revised manuscript accepted for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
Marine environments are poorly understood in part due to the prohibitive costs of marine surveys. Yet, information about the oceans are recorded constantly by vessel navigation systems or satellite sensors. The research developed a workflow using such datasets to derive high-resolution maps of the seabed. The workflow was applied to the North West Shelf of Australia, over an area of nearly 1,000,000 km2, and led to an improvement of pre-existing seabed maps resolution by up to 800 times.
Alberto Michelini, Spina Cianetti, Sonja Gaviano, Carlo Giunchi, Dario Jozinovic, and Valentino Lauciani
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2021-164, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2021-164, 2021
Revised manuscript accepted for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
We present a dataset consisting of seismic waveforms and associated metadata to be used primarily for seismologically oriented machine learning (ML) studies. The dataset includes about 1.3 M three-component seismograms of fixed 120 s length, sampled at 100 Hz and recorded by more than 600 stations in Italy. The dataset is subdivided into seismograms deriving from earthquakes (~1.2 M) and from seismic noise (~130,000). The ~54,000 earthquakes range in magnitude from 0 to 6.5 from 2005 to 2020.
Angela Saraò, Monica Sugan, Gianni Bressan, Gianfranco Renner, and Andrea Restivo
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 2245–2258, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-2245-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-2245-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Focal mechanisms describe the orientation of the fault on which an earthquake occurs and the slip direction. They are necessary to understand seismotectonic processes and for seismic hazard analysis. We present a focal mechanism catalogue of 772 selected earthquakes of
1.8 ≤ M ≤ 6.5 that occurred in the southeastern Alps and surrounding areas from 1928 to 2019. For each earthquake, we report focal mechanisms from the literature and newly computed solutions, and we suggest a preferred one.
Pavol Zahorec, Juraj Papčo, Roman Pašteka, Miroslav Bielik, Sylvain Bonvalot, Carla Braitenberg, Jörg Ebbing, Gerald Gabriel, Andrej Gosar, Adam Grand, Hans-Jürgen Götze, György Hetényi, Nils Holzrichter, Edi Kissling, Urs Marti, Bruno Meurers, Jan Mrlina, Ema Nogová, Alberto Pastorutti, Corinne Salaun, Matteo Scarponi, Josef Sebera, Lucia Seoane, Peter Skiba, Eszter Szűcs, and Matej Varga
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 2165–2209, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-2165-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-2165-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The gravity field of the Earth expresses the overall effect of the distribution of different rocks at depth with their distinguishing densities. Our work is the first to present the high-resolution gravity map of the entire Alpine orogen, for which high-quality land and sea data were reprocessed with the exact same calculation procedures. The results reflect the local and regional structure of the Alpine lithosphere in great detail. The database is hereby openly shared to serve further research.
Natalia Sergeyeva, Alexei Gvishiani, Anatoly Soloviev, Lyudmila Zabarinskaya, Tamara Krylova, Mikhail Nisilevich, and Roman Krasnoperov
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 1987–1999, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-1987-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-1987-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The K index is the classical, commonly used parameter of geomagnetic activity that serves as the measure of local magnetic field variations. This paper presents a unique collection of historical K index values that was formed at the World Data Center for Solar-Terrestrial Physics in Moscow. It includes the results of the K index determination at 41 geomagnetic observatories of the former USSR for the period from July 1957 to the early 1990s.
Domenico Di Giacomo, James Harris, and Dmitry A. Storchak
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 1957–1985, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-1957-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-1957-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We provide a comprehensive overview of the content in terms of moment magnitude (Mw) in the Bulletin of the International Seismological Centre (ISC). Mw is the preferred magnitude to characterize earthquakes in various research topics (e.g. Earth seismicity rates) and other applications (e.g. seismic hazard). We describe first the contribution of global agencies and agencies operating at a regional scale and then discuss features of Mw via different sets of comparisons.
Irene DeFelipe, Juan Alcalde, Monika Ivandic, David Martí, Mario Ruiz, Ignacio Marzán, Jordi Diaz, Puy Ayarza, Imma Palomeras, Jose-Luis Fernandez-Turiel, Cecilia Molina, Isabel Bernal, Larry Brown, Roland Roberts, and Ramon Carbonell
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 1053–1071, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-1053-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-1053-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Seismic data provide critical information about the structure of the lithosphere, and their preservation is essential for innovative research reusing data. The Seismic DAta REpository (SeisDARE) comprises legacy and recently acquired seismic data in the Iberian Peninsula and Morocco. This database has been built by a network of different institutions that promote multidisciplinary research. We aim to make seismic data easily available to the research, industry, and educational communities.
Anna L. Morozova, Paulo Ribeiro, and M. Alexandra Pais
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 809–825, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-809-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-809-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The Coimbra Magnetic Observatory (COI), Portugal, established in 1866, has provided nearly continuous records of the geomagnetic field for more than 150 years. However, during its long lifetime inevitable changes to the instruments and measurement procedures and even the relocation of the observatory have taken place. Such changes affect the quality of the measurements, introducing false (artificial) variations. We analyzed COI historical data to find and correct such artificial variations.
Abdelrazek Elnashar, Linjiang Wang, Bingfang Wu, Weiwei Zhu, and Hongwei Zeng
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 447–480, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-447-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-447-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Based on a site-pixel validation and comparison of different global evapotranspiration (ET) products, this paper aims to produce a synthesized ET which has a minimum level of uncertainty over as many conditions as possible from 1982 to 2019. Through a high-quality flux eddy covariance (EC) covering the globe, PML, SSEBop, MOD16A2105, and NTSG ET products were chosen to create the new dataset. It agreed well with flux EC ET and can be used without other datasets or further assessments.
Jana Lasser, Joanna M. Nield, and Lucas Goehring
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 2881–2898, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-2881-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-2881-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The publication presents six data sets that describe the surface and subsurface characteristics of salt deserts in southern California. The data were collected during two field studies in 2016 and 2018 and are used to investigate the origins of the eye-catching hexagonal salt ridge patterns that emerge in such deserts. It is important to understand how these salt crusts grow since these deserts and their dynamic surface structure play a major role in the emission of dust into the atmosphere.
Roman Krasnoperov, Dmitry Peregoudov, Renata Lukianova, Anatoly Soloviev, and Boris Dzeboev
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 555–561, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-555-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-555-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The paper presents a collection of magnetic field measurements performed by early Soviet magnetic satellite missions Kosmos-49 (1964) and Kosmos-321 (1970). These data were used as initial data for analysis of the structure of the Earth’s magnetic field sources and for compilation of a series of its analytical models. The most notable model that employed Kosmos-49 data was the first generation of the International Geomagnetic Reference Field for epoch 1965.0.
Tony Alfredo Stabile, Vincenzo Serlenga, Claudio Satriano, Marco Romanelli, Erwan Gueguen, Maria Rosaria Gallipoli, Ermann Ripepi, Jean-Marie Saurel, Serena Panebianco, Jessica Bellanova, and Enrico Priolo
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 519–538, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-519-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-519-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents data collected by a seismic network developed in the framework of the INSIEME project aimed to study induced seismicity processes. The network is composed of eight stations deployed around two clusters of induced microearthquakes in the High Agri Valley (southern Italy). The solutions for reducing the background noise level are presented and the quality of acquired data is discussed. Such open-access data can be used by the scientific community for different applications.
Konstantinos Lentas, Domenico Di Giacomo, James Harris, and Dmitry A. Storchak
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 11, 565–578, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-565-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-565-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
In this article we try to make the broad geoscience community and especially the seismological community aware of the availability of earthquake source mechanisms in the Bulletin of the International Seismological Centre (ISC) and encourage researchers to make use of this data set in future research. Moreover, we acknowledge the data providers, and we encourage others to routinely submit their source mechanism solutions to the ISC.
Xuanmei Fan, Gianvito Scaringi, Guillem Domènech, Fan Yang, Xiaojun Guo, Lanxin Dai, Chaoyang He, Qiang Xu, and Runqiu Huang
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 11, 35–55, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-35-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-35-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Large earthquakes cause major disturbances to mountain landscapes. They trigger many landslides that can form deposits of debris on steep slopes and channels. Rainfall can remobilise these deposits and generate large and destructive flow-like landslides and floods. We release two datasets that track a decade of landsliding following the 2008 7.9 magnitude Wenchuan earthquake in China. These data are useful for quantifying the role of major earthquakes in shaping mountain landscapes.
Domenico Di Giacomo, E. Robert Engdahl, and Dmitry A. Storchak
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 10, 1877–1899, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-1877-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-1877-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
We outline work done to improve and extend the new reference catalogue of global earthquakes instrumentally recorded since 1904, the ISC-GEM Catalogue. We have added thousands of earthquakes between 1904 and 1959 and in recent years compared to the 2013 release. As earthquake catalogues are widely used for different aspects of research, we believe that this dataset will be instrumental for years to come for researchers involved in studies on seismic hazard and patterns of the Earth's seismicity.
Laura Sánchez, Christof Völksen, Alexandr Sokolov, Herbert Arenz, and Florian Seitz
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 10, 1503–1526, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-1503-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-1503-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
We provide a surface-kinematics model for the Alpine region based on high-level data analysis of 300 geodetic stations continuously operating over 12.4 years. This model includes a deformation model, a continuous velocity field, and a strain field consistently assessed for the entire Alpine mountain belt. Horizontal and vertical motion patterns are clearly identified and supported by uncertainties better than ±0.2 mm a−1 and ±0.3 mm a−1 in the horizontal and vertical components, respectively.
Ingo Sasgen, Alba Martín-Español, Alexander Horvath, Volker Klemann, Elizabeth J. Petrie, Bert Wouters, Martin Horwath, Roland Pail, Jonathan L. Bamber, Peter J. Clarke, Hannes Konrad, Terry Wilson, and Mark R. Drinkwater
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 10, 493–523, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-493-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-493-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
We present a collection of data sets, consisting of surface-elevation rates for Antarctic ice sheet from a combination of Envisat and ICESat, bedrock uplift rates for 118 GPS sites in Antarctica, and optimally filtered GRACE gravity field rates. We provide viscoelastic response functions to a disc load forcing for Earth structures present in East and West Antarctica. This data collection enables a joint inversion for present-day ice-mass changes and glacial isostatic adjustment in Antarctica.
Kristian Kjellerup Kjeldsen, Reimer Wilhelm Weinrebe, Jørgen Bendtsen, Anders Anker Bjørk, and Kurt Henrik Kjær
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 9, 589–600, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-9-589-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-9-589-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Here we present bathymetric and hydrographic measurements from two fjords in southeastern Greenland surveyed in 2014, leading to improved knowledge of the fjord morphology and an assessment of the variability in water masses in the fjords systems. Data were collected as part of a larger field campaign in which we targeted marine and terrestrial observations to assess the long-term behavior of the Greenland ice sheet and provide linkages to modern observations.
Johannes Petrone, Gustav Sohlenius, Emma Johansson, Tobias Lindborg, Jens-Ove Näslund, Mårten Strömgren, and Lars Brydsten
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 8, 663–677, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-8-663-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-8-663-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents data and resulting models of spatial distributions of maximum active layer thickness and sediment thickness and their connection to surface vegetation and topography from the Kangerlussuaq region, western Greenland. The data set constitutes geometrical information and will be used in coupled hydrological and biogeochemical modeling together with previous published hydrological data (doi:10.5194/essd-7-93-2015, 2015) and biogeochemical data (doi:10.5194/essd-8-439-2016, 2016).
P. Arason, G. N. Petersen, and H. Bjornsson
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 3, 9–17, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-3-9-2011, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-3-9-2011, 2011
Cited articles
ACIA: Impacts of a Warming Arctic – Arctic Climate Impact Assessment, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2004.
Allard, M., Sarrazin, D., and L'Hérault, E.: Borehole monitoring temperatures in northeastern Canada, v. 1.2 (1988–2014), Nordicana D8, data set, https://doi.org/10.5885/45291SL-34F28A9491014AFD, 2014.
Bartsch, A. and Seifert, F. M.: The ESA DUE Permafrost project-A service for high latitude research, in: Proceedings of the Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS), 22–27 July 2012, Munich, Germany, 5222–5225, 2012.
Biskaborn, B. K., Herzschuh, U., Bolshiyanov, D., Savelieva, L., and Diekmann, B.: Environmental variability in northeastern Siberia during the last similar to 13 300 yr inferred from lake diatoms and sediment-geochemical parameters, Palaeogeogr. Palaeocl., 329, 22–36, 2012.
Biskaborn, B. K., Lantuit, H., Dreßler, A., Lanckman, J.-P., Jóhannsson, H., Romanovsky, V., Cable, W., Sergeev, D., Vieira, G., Pogliotti, P., Nötzli, J., and Christiansen, H. H.: Quality assessment of permafrost thermal state and active layer thickness data in GTN-P. GEOQuébec2015 Conference paper, 20–23 September 2015, Québec, Canada, 2015.
Brown, J.: Report from the International Permafrost Association: The IPY Permafrost Legacy, Permafrost Periglac., 21, 215–218, 2010.
Brown, J., Ferrians Jr, O., Heginbottom, J., and Melnikov, E.: Circum-Arctic map of permafrost and ground-ice conditions: National Snow and Ice Data Center/World Data Center for Glaciology, Digital media, Boulder, CO, USA, revised February 2001, 1998.
Brown, J., Hinkel, K., and Nelson, F.: The circumpolar active layer monitoring (calm) program: Research designs and initial results, Polar geography, 24, 166–258, 2000.
Brown, J., Kholodov, A., Romanovsky, V., Yoshikawa, K., Smith, S. L., Christiansen, H. H., Vieira, G., and Noetzli, J.: The Thermal State of Permafrost: the IPY-IPA snapshot (2007–2009), in: Proc. 63rd Canadian Geotechnical Conf. and 6th Canadian Permafrost Conf., 12–16 September 2010, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, p. 6. 2010.
Burgess, M., Smith, S., Brown, J., Romanovsky, V., and Hinkel, K.: The Global Terrestrial Network for Permafrost (GTNet-P): permafrost monitoring contributing to global climate observations, Current Research 2000 E14, Geological Survey of Canada, Ottawa, Canada, ISBN 0-660-18219-X, available at: http://wmsmir.cits.rncan.gc.ca/index.html/pub/geott/ess_pubs/211/211621/cr_2000_e14.pdf (last access: 1 February 2015), 2000.
Cardozo, N. and Allmendinger, R. W.: Spherical projections with OSXStereonet, Comput. Geosci., 51, 193–205, 2013.
Christiansen, H. H., Etzelmuller, B., Isaksen, K., Juliussen, H., Farbrot, H., Humlum, O., Johansson, M., Ingeman-Nielsen, T., Kristensen, L., Hjort, J., Holmlund, P., Sannel, A. B. K., Sigsgaard, C., Akerman, H. J., Foged, N., Blikra, L. H., Pernosky, M. A., and Odegard, R. S.: The Thermal State of Permafrost in the Nordic Area during the International Polar Year 2007–2009, Permafrost Periglac., 21, 156–181, 2010.
DUE Permafrost Project Consortium: ESA Data User Element (DUE) Permafrost: Circumpolar Remote Sensing Service for Permafrost (Full Product Set) with links to datasets, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.780111, (new versions 2013, 2014) 2012.
French, H. M.: The Periglacial Environment, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Chichester, UK, 458 pp., 2007.
Groisman, P. and Soja, A. J.: Ongoing climatic change in Northern Eurasia: justification for expedient research, Environ. Res. Lett., 4, 045002, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/4/4/045002, 2009.
Grosse, G., Romanovsky, V., Jorgenson, T., Anthony, K. W., Brown, J., and Overduin, P. P.: Vulnerability and feedbacks of permafrost to climate change, Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union, 92, 73–74, 2011.
GTN-P: Global Terrestrial Network on Permafrost (GTN-P) Strategy and Implementation Plan 2012–2016, ISSN 2410-2385, International Permafrost Association (and GCOS and GTOS), University of Alaska Press, Alaska, Fairbanks, USA, 32 pp., available at: https://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/gcos/TOPCXV/3.3_GTN-P_Draft.pdf (last access: 20 August 2015), 2012.
GTN-P: GTN-P metadata for permafrost boreholes (TSP) and active layer monitoring (CALM) sites, data set, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.842821, 2015.
Hugelius, G., Tarnocai, C., Broll, G., Canadell, J. G., Kuhry, P., and Swanson, D. K.: The Northern Circumpolar Soil Carbon Database: spatially distributed datasets of soil coverage and soil carbon storage in the northern permafrost regions, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 5, 3–13, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-5-3-2013, 2013.
IPCC: Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, edited by: Stocker, T. F., Qin, D., Plattner, G.-K., Tignor, M., Allen, S. K., Boschung, J., Nauels, A., Xia, Y., Bex, V., and Midgley, P. M., Cambridge, United Kingdom, and New York, NY, USA, 1535 pp., 2013.
Juliussen, H., Christiansen, H. H., Strand, G. S., Iversen, S., Midttømme, K., and Rønning, J. S.: NORPERM, the Norwegian Permafrost Database – a TSP NORWAY IPY legacy, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 2, 235–246, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2-235-2010, 2010.
Koven, C. D., Riley, W. J., and Stern, A.: Analysis of Permafrost Thermal Dynamics and Response to Climate Change in the CMIP5 Earth System Models, J. Climate, 26, 1877–1900, 2013.
Miller, G. H., Brigham-Grette, J., Alley, R. B., Anderson, L., Bauch, H. A., Douglas, M. S. V., Edwards, M. E., Elias, S. A., Finney, B. P., Fitzpatrick, J. J., Funder, S. V., Herbert, T. D., Hinzman, L. D., Kaufman, D. S., MacDonald, G. M., Polyak, L., Robock, A., Serreze, M. C., Smol, J. P., Spielhagen, R., White, J. W. C., Wolfe, A. P., and Wolff, E. W.: Temperature and precipitation history of the Arctic, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 29, 1679–1715, 2010.
Molkenthin, N., Rehfeld, K., Stolbova, V., Tupikina, L., and Kurths, J.: On the influence of spatial sampling on climate networks, Nonlinear Proc. Geoph., 21, 651–657, 2014.
Obe, R. and Hsu, L.: PostGIS in action, Manning Publications Co., Greenwich, CT, USA, 2011.
Papale, D., Agarwal, D. A., Baldocchi, D., Cook, R. B., Fisher, J. B., and van Ingen, C.: Database maintenance, data sharing policy, collaboration, in: Eddy Covariance, Springer, the Netherlands, 2012.
PERMOS: Permafrost in Switzerland 2008/2009 and 2009/2010, Swiss Academy of Sciences, Zurich, Switzerland, 80 pp., 2013.
Romanovsky, V. E., Drozdov, D. S., Oberman, N. G., Malkova, G. V., Kholodov, A. L., Marchenko, S. S., Moskalenko, N. G., Sergeev, D. O., Ukraintseva, N. G., Abramov, A. A., Gilichinsky, D. A., and Vasiliev, A. A.: Thermal State of Permafrost in Russia, Permafrost Periglac., 21, 136–155, 2010a.
Romanovsky, V. E., Smith, S. L., and Christiansen, H. H.: Permafrost Thermal State in the Polar Northern Hemisphere during the International Polar Year 2007–2009: a Synthesis, Permafrost Periglac., 21, 106–116, 2010b.
Santoro, M. and Strozzi, T.: Circumpolar digital elevation models > 55° N with links to geotiff images, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.779748, 2012.
Schaefer, K., Lantuit, H., Romanovsky, V. E., Schuur, E. A., and Witt, R.: The impact of the permafrost carbon feedback on global climate, Environ. Res. Lett., 9, 085003, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/9/8/085003, 2014.
Schuur, E. A. G., Abbott, B. W., Bowden, W. B., Brovkin, V., Camill, P., Canadell, J. G., Chanton, J. P., Chapin III, F. S., Christensen, T. R., Ciais, P., Crosby, B. T., Czimczik, C. I., Grosse, G., Harden, J., Hayes, D. J., Hugelius, G., Jastrow, J. D., Jones, J. B., Kleinen, T., Koven, C. D., Krinner, G., Kuhry, P., Lawrence, D. M., McGuire, A. D., Natali, S. M., O'Donnell, J. A., Ping, C. L., Riley, W. J., Rinke, A., Romanovsky, V. E., Sannel, A. B. K., Schaedel, C., Schaefer, K., Sky, J., Subin, Z. M., Tarnocai, C., Turetsky, M. R., Waldrop, M. P., Anthony, K. M. W., Wickland, K. P., Wilson, C. J., and Zimov, S. A.: Expert assessment of vulnerability of permafrost carbon to climate change, Climatic Change, 119, 359–374, 2013.
Shiklomanov, N., Nelson, F., Streletskiy, D., Hinkel, K., and Brown, J.: The circumpolar active layer monitoring (CALM) program: data collection, management, and dissemination strategies, in: Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Permafrost, 29 June–3 July 2008, Fairbanks, Alaska, USA, 1647–1652, 2008.
Shiklomanov, N. I., Streletskiy, D. A., and Nelson, F. E.: Northern Hemisphere component of the Global Circumpolar Active Layer Monitoring (CALM) Program, in: Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference on Permafrost, 25–29 June 2012, Salekhard, Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District, Russia, 377–382, 2012.
Slater, A. G. and Lawrence, D. M.: Diagnosing present and future permafrost from climate models, J. Climate, 26, 5608–5623, 2013.
Smith, S. L., Romanovsky, V. E., Lewkowicz, A. G., Burn, C. R., Allard, M., Clow, G. D., Yoshikawa, K., and Throop, J.: Thermal State of Permafrost in North America: A Contribution to the International Polar Year, Permafrost Periglac., 21, 117–135, 2010.
Van Everdingen, R.: Multi-language glossary of permafrost and related ground-ice terms, National Snow and Ice Data Center/World Data Center for Glaciology, Boulder, CO, USA, updated 2005, 1998.
Vieira, G., Bockheim, J., Guglielmin, M., Balks, M., Abramov, A. A., Boelhouwers, J., Cannone, N., Ganzert, L., Gilichinsky, D. A., Gotyachkin, S., Lopez-Martinez, J., Meiklejohn, I., Raffi, R., Ramos, M., Schaefer, C., Serrano, E., Simas, F., Sletten, R., and Wagner, D.: Thermal State of Permafrost and Active-layer Monitoring in the Antarctic: Advances During the International Polar Year 2007–2009, Permafrost Periglac., 21, 182–197, 2010.
Walker, D. A., Raynolds, M. K., Daniels, F. J. A., Einarsson, E., Elvebakk, A., Gould, W. A., Katenin, A. E., Kholod, S. S., Markon, C. J., Melnikov, E. S., Moskalenko, N. G., Talbot, S. S., Yurtsev, B. A., and Team, C.: The Circumpolar Arctic vegetation map, J. Veg. Sci., 16, 267–282, 2005.
Zhao, L., Wu, Q., Marchenko, S. S., and Sharkhuu, N.: Thermal State of Permafrost and Active Layer in Central Asia during the International Polar Year, Permafrost Periglac., 21, 198–207, 2010.
Short summary
This paper introduces the new database of the Global Terrestrial Network for Permafrost (GTN-P) on permafrost temperature and active layer thickness data. It describes the operability of the Data Management System and the data quality. By applying statistics on GTN-P metadata, we analyze the spatial sample representation of permafrost monitoring sites. Comparison with environmental variables and climate projection data enable identification of potential future research locations.
This paper introduces the new database of the Global Terrestrial Network for Permafrost (GTN-P)...
