Articles | Volume 16, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-647-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-647-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Data description paper
| 
25 Jan 2024
Data description paper |
| 25 Jan 2024
| 25 Jan 2024
A decade of marine inorganic carbon chemistry observations in the northern Gulf of Alaska – insights into an environment in transition
College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA
Jessica N. Cross
Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA 98815, USA
Wiley Evans
Hakai Institute, Campbell River, BC V9W0B7, Canada
Jeremy T. Mathis
Science, Technology and International Affairs Program, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
Hongjie Wang
Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, RI 02882, USA
Related authors
Darren Pilcher, Jessica Cross, Natalie Monacci, Linquan Mu, Kelly Kearney, Albert Hermann, and Wei Cheng
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1096, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1096, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The Bering Sea shelf is a highly productive marine ecosystem that is vulnerable to ocean acidification. We use a computational model to simulate the carbon cycle and acidification rates from 1970–2022. The results suggest that bottom water acidification rates are more than twice as great as surface rates. Bottom waters are also naturally more acidic, thus these waters will pass key thresholds known to negatively impact marine organisms, such as red king crab, much sooner than surface waters.
Pierre Friedlingstein, Michael O'Sullivan, Matthew W. Jones, Robbie M. Andrew, Luke Gregor, Judith Hauck, Corinne Le Quéré, Ingrid T. Luijkx, Are Olsen, Glen P. Peters, Wouter Peters, Julia Pongratz, Clemens Schwingshackl, Stephen Sitch, Josep G. Canadell, Philippe Ciais, Robert B. Jackson, Simone R. Alin, Ramdane Alkama, Almut Arneth, Vivek K. Arora, Nicholas R. Bates, Meike Becker, Nicolas Bellouin, Henry C. Bittig, Laurent Bopp, Frédéric Chevallier, Louise P. Chini, Margot Cronin, Wiley Evans, Stefanie Falk, Richard A. Feely, Thomas Gasser, Marion Gehlen, Thanos Gkritzalis, Lucas Gloege, Giacomo Grassi, Nicolas Gruber, Özgür Gürses, Ian Harris, Matthew Hefner, Richard A. Houghton, George C. Hurtt, Yosuke Iida, Tatiana Ilyina, Atul K. Jain, Annika Jersild, Koji Kadono, Etsushi Kato, Daniel Kennedy, Kees Klein Goldewijk, Jürgen Knauer, Jan Ivar Korsbakken, Peter Landschützer, Nathalie Lefèvre, Keith Lindsay, Junjie Liu, Zhu Liu, Gregg Marland, Nicolas Mayot, Matthew J. McGrath, Nicolas Metzl, Natalie M. Monacci, David R. Munro, Shin-Ichiro Nakaoka, Yosuke Niwa, Kevin O'Brien, Tsuneo Ono, Paul I. Palmer, Naiqing Pan, Denis Pierrot, Katie Pocock, Benjamin Poulter, Laure Resplandy, Eddy Robertson, Christian Rödenbeck, Carmen Rodriguez, Thais M. Rosan, Jörg Schwinger, Roland Séférian, Jamie D. Shutler, Ingunn Skjelvan, Tobias Steinhoff, Qing Sun, Adrienne J. Sutton, Colm Sweeney, Shintaro Takao, Toste Tanhua, Pieter P. Tans, Xiangjun Tian, Hanqin Tian, Bronte Tilbrook, Hiroyuki Tsujino, Francesco Tubiello, Guido R. van der Werf, Anthony P. Walker, Rik Wanninkhof, Chris Whitehead, Anna Willstrand Wranne, Rebecca Wright, Wenping Yuan, Chao Yue, Xu Yue, Sönke Zaehle, Jiye Zeng, and Bo Zheng
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 4811–4900, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-4811-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-4811-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The Global Carbon Budget 2022 describes the datasets and methodology used to quantify the anthropogenic emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) and their partitioning among the atmosphere, the land ecosystems, and the ocean. These living datasets are updated every year to provide the highest transparency and traceability in the reporting of CO2, the key driver of climate change.
Li-Qing Jiang, Richard A. Feely, Rik Wanninkhof, Dana Greeley, Leticia Barbero, Simone Alin, Brendan R. Carter, Denis Pierrot, Charles Featherstone, James Hooper, Chris Melrose, Natalie Monacci, Jonathan D. Sharp, Shawn Shellito, Yuan-Yuan Xu, Alex Kozyr, Robert H. Byrne, Wei-Jun Cai, Jessica Cross, Gregory C. Johnson, Burke Hales, Chris Langdon, Jeremy Mathis, Joe Salisbury, and David W. Townsend
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 2777–2799, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-2777-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-2777-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Coastal ecosystems account for most of the economic activities related to commercial and recreational fisheries and aquaculture industries, supporting about 90 % of the global fisheries yield and 80 % of known species of marine fish. Despite the large potential risks from ocean acidification (OA), internally consistent water column OA data products in the coastal ocean still do not exist. This paper is the first time we report a high quality OA data product in North America's coastal waters.
Adrienne J. Sutton, Richard A. Feely, Stacy Maenner-Jones, Sylvia Musielwicz, John Osborne, Colin Dietrich, Natalie Monacci, Jessica Cross, Randy Bott, Alex Kozyr, Andreas J. Andersson, Nicholas R. Bates, Wei-Jun Cai, Meghan F. Cronin, Eric H. De Carlo, Burke Hales, Stephan D. Howden, Charity M. Lee, Derek P. Manzello, Michael J. McPhaden, Melissa Meléndez, John B. Mickett, Jan A. Newton, Scott E. Noakes, Jae Hoon Noh, Solveig R. Olafsdottir, Joseph E. Salisbury, Uwe Send, Thomas W. Trull, Douglas C. Vandemark, and Robert A. Weller
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 11, 421–439, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-421-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-421-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Long-term observations are critical records for distinguishing natural cycles from climate change. We present a data set of 40 surface ocean CO2 and pH time series that suggests the time length necessary to detect a trend in seawater CO2 due to uptake of atmospheric CO2 varies from 8 years in the least variable ocean regions to 41 years in the most variable coastal regions. This data set provides a tool to evaluate natural cycles of ocean CO2, with long-term trends emerging as records lengthen.
Adrienne J. Sutton, Richard A. Feely, Stacy Maenner-Jones, Sylvia Musielwicz, John Osborne, Colin Dietrich, Natalie Monacci, Jessica Cross, Randy Bott, and Alex Kozyr
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2018-77, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2018-77, 2018
Preprint withdrawn
Short summary
Short summary
Long-term observations are critical records for distinguishing natural cycles from climate change. We present a data set of 40 surface ocean CO2 and pH time series that suggest the time length necessary to detect a trend in seawater CO2 due to uptake of atmospheric CO2 varies from 8 years in the least variable ocean regions to 41 years in the most variable coastal regions. This data set provides a tool to evaluate natural cycles of ocean CO2, with long-term trends emerging as records lengthen.
Darren Pilcher, Jessica Cross, Natalie Monacci, Linquan Mu, Kelly Kearney, Albert Hermann, and Wei Cheng
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1096, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1096, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The Bering Sea shelf is a highly productive marine ecosystem that is vulnerable to ocean acidification. We use a computational model to simulate the carbon cycle and acidification rates from 1970–2022. The results suggest that bottom water acidification rates are more than twice as great as surface rates. Bottom waters are also naturally more acidic, thus these waters will pass key thresholds known to negatively impact marine organisms, such as red king crab, much sooner than surface waters.
Pierre Friedlingstein, Michael O'Sullivan, Matthew W. Jones, Robbie M. Andrew, Dorothee C. E. Bakker, Judith Hauck, Peter Landschützer, Corinne Le Quéré, Ingrid T. Luijkx, Glen P. Peters, Wouter Peters, Julia Pongratz, Clemens Schwingshackl, Stephen Sitch, Josep G. Canadell, Philippe Ciais, Robert B. Jackson, Simone R. Alin, Peter Anthoni, Leticia Barbero, Nicholas R. Bates, Meike Becker, Nicolas Bellouin, Bertrand Decharme, Laurent Bopp, Ida Bagus Mandhara Brasika, Patricia Cadule, Matthew A. Chamberlain, Naveen Chandra, Thi-Tuyet-Trang Chau, Frédéric Chevallier, Louise P. Chini, Margot Cronin, Xinyu Dou, Kazutaka Enyo, Wiley Evans, Stefanie Falk, Richard A. Feely, Liang Feng, Daniel J. Ford, Thomas Gasser, Josefine Ghattas, Thanos Gkritzalis, Giacomo Grassi, Luke Gregor, Nicolas Gruber, Özgür Gürses, Ian Harris, Matthew Hefner, Jens Heinke, Richard A. Houghton, George C. Hurtt, Yosuke Iida, Tatiana Ilyina, Andrew R. Jacobson, Atul Jain, Tereza Jarníková, Annika Jersild, Fei Jiang, Zhe Jin, Fortunat Joos, Etsushi Kato, Ralph F. Keeling, Daniel Kennedy, Kees Klein Goldewijk, Jürgen Knauer, Jan Ivar Korsbakken, Arne Körtzinger, Xin Lan, Nathalie Lefèvre, Hongmei Li, Junjie Liu, Zhiqiang Liu, Lei Ma, Greg Marland, Nicolas Mayot, Patrick C. McGuire, Galen A. McKinley, Gesa Meyer, Eric J. Morgan, David R. Munro, Shin-Ichiro Nakaoka, Yosuke Niwa, Kevin M. O'Brien, Are Olsen, Abdirahman M. Omar, Tsuneo Ono, Melf Paulsen, Denis Pierrot, Katie Pocock, Benjamin Poulter, Carter M. Powis, Gregor Rehder, Laure Resplandy, Eddy Robertson, Christian Rödenbeck, Thais M. Rosan, Jörg Schwinger, Roland Séférian, T. Luke Smallman, Stephen M. Smith, Reinel Sospedra-Alfonso, Qing Sun, Adrienne J. Sutton, Colm Sweeney, Shintaro Takao, Pieter P. Tans, Hanqin Tian, Bronte Tilbrook, Hiroyuki Tsujino, Francesco Tubiello, Guido R. van der Werf, Erik van Ooijen, Rik Wanninkhof, Michio Watanabe, Cathy Wimart-Rousseau, Dongxu Yang, Xiaojuan Yang, Wenping Yuan, Xu Yue, Sönke Zaehle, Jiye Zeng, and Bo Zheng
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 5301–5369, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-5301-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-5301-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The Global Carbon Budget 2023 describes the methodology, main results, and data sets used to quantify the anthropogenic emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) and their partitioning among the atmosphere, land ecosystems, and the ocean over the historical period (1750–2023). These living datasets are updated every year to provide the highest transparency and traceability in the reporting of CO2, the key driver of climate change.
Linquan Mu, Jaime B. Palter, and Hongjie Wang
Biogeosciences, 20, 1963–1977, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1963-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1963-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Enhancing ocean alkalinity accelerates carbon dioxide removal from the atmosphere. We hypothetically added alkalinity to the Amazon River and examined the increment of the carbon uptake by the Amazon plume. We also investigated the minimum alkalinity addition in which this perturbation at the river mouth could be detected above the natural variability.
Pierre Friedlingstein, Michael O'Sullivan, Matthew W. Jones, Robbie M. Andrew, Luke Gregor, Judith Hauck, Corinne Le Quéré, Ingrid T. Luijkx, Are Olsen, Glen P. Peters, Wouter Peters, Julia Pongratz, Clemens Schwingshackl, Stephen Sitch, Josep G. Canadell, Philippe Ciais, Robert B. Jackson, Simone R. Alin, Ramdane Alkama, Almut Arneth, Vivek K. Arora, Nicholas R. Bates, Meike Becker, Nicolas Bellouin, Henry C. Bittig, Laurent Bopp, Frédéric Chevallier, Louise P. Chini, Margot Cronin, Wiley Evans, Stefanie Falk, Richard A. Feely, Thomas Gasser, Marion Gehlen, Thanos Gkritzalis, Lucas Gloege, Giacomo Grassi, Nicolas Gruber, Özgür Gürses, Ian Harris, Matthew Hefner, Richard A. Houghton, George C. Hurtt, Yosuke Iida, Tatiana Ilyina, Atul K. Jain, Annika Jersild, Koji Kadono, Etsushi Kato, Daniel Kennedy, Kees Klein Goldewijk, Jürgen Knauer, Jan Ivar Korsbakken, Peter Landschützer, Nathalie Lefèvre, Keith Lindsay, Junjie Liu, Zhu Liu, Gregg Marland, Nicolas Mayot, Matthew J. McGrath, Nicolas Metzl, Natalie M. Monacci, David R. Munro, Shin-Ichiro Nakaoka, Yosuke Niwa, Kevin O'Brien, Tsuneo Ono, Paul I. Palmer, Naiqing Pan, Denis Pierrot, Katie Pocock, Benjamin Poulter, Laure Resplandy, Eddy Robertson, Christian Rödenbeck, Carmen Rodriguez, Thais M. Rosan, Jörg Schwinger, Roland Séférian, Jamie D. Shutler, Ingunn Skjelvan, Tobias Steinhoff, Qing Sun, Adrienne J. Sutton, Colm Sweeney, Shintaro Takao, Toste Tanhua, Pieter P. Tans, Xiangjun Tian, Hanqin Tian, Bronte Tilbrook, Hiroyuki Tsujino, Francesco Tubiello, Guido R. van der Werf, Anthony P. Walker, Rik Wanninkhof, Chris Whitehead, Anna Willstrand Wranne, Rebecca Wright, Wenping Yuan, Chao Yue, Xu Yue, Sönke Zaehle, Jiye Zeng, and Bo Zheng
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 4811–4900, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-4811-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-4811-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The Global Carbon Budget 2022 describes the datasets and methodology used to quantify the anthropogenic emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) and their partitioning among the atmosphere, the land ecosystems, and the ocean. These living datasets are updated every year to provide the highest transparency and traceability in the reporting of CO2, the key driver of climate change.
Pierre Friedlingstein, Matthew W. Jones, Michael O'Sullivan, Robbie M. Andrew, Dorothee C. E. Bakker, Judith Hauck, Corinne Le Quéré, Glen P. Peters, Wouter Peters, Julia Pongratz, Stephen Sitch, Josep G. Canadell, Philippe Ciais, Rob B. Jackson, Simone R. Alin, Peter Anthoni, Nicholas R. Bates, Meike Becker, Nicolas Bellouin, Laurent Bopp, Thi Tuyet Trang Chau, Frédéric Chevallier, Louise P. Chini, Margot Cronin, Kim I. Currie, Bertrand Decharme, Laique M. Djeutchouang, Xinyu Dou, Wiley Evans, Richard A. Feely, Liang Feng, Thomas Gasser, Dennis Gilfillan, Thanos Gkritzalis, Giacomo Grassi, Luke Gregor, Nicolas Gruber, Özgür Gürses, Ian Harris, Richard A. Houghton, George C. Hurtt, Yosuke Iida, Tatiana Ilyina, Ingrid T. Luijkx, Atul Jain, Steve D. Jones, Etsushi Kato, Daniel Kennedy, Kees Klein Goldewijk, Jürgen Knauer, Jan Ivar Korsbakken, Arne Körtzinger, Peter Landschützer, Siv K. Lauvset, Nathalie Lefèvre, Sebastian Lienert, Junjie Liu, Gregg Marland, Patrick C. McGuire, Joe R. Melton, David R. Munro, Julia E. M. S. Nabel, Shin-Ichiro Nakaoka, Yosuke Niwa, Tsuneo Ono, Denis Pierrot, Benjamin Poulter, Gregor Rehder, Laure Resplandy, Eddy Robertson, Christian Rödenbeck, Thais M. Rosan, Jörg Schwinger, Clemens Schwingshackl, Roland Séférian, Adrienne J. Sutton, Colm Sweeney, Toste Tanhua, Pieter P. Tans, Hanqin Tian, Bronte Tilbrook, Francesco Tubiello, Guido R. van der Werf, Nicolas Vuichard, Chisato Wada, Rik Wanninkhof, Andrew J. Watson, David Willis, Andrew J. Wiltshire, Wenping Yuan, Chao Yue, Xu Yue, Sönke Zaehle, and Jiye Zeng
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 1917–2005, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-1917-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-1917-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The Global Carbon Budget 2021 describes the data sets and methodology used to quantify the emissions of carbon dioxide and their partitioning among the atmosphere, land, and ocean. These living data are updated every year to provide the highest transparency and traceability in the reporting of CO2, the key driver of climate change.
Wiley Evans, Geoffrey T. Lebon, Christen D. Harrington, Yuichiro Takeshita, and Allison Bidlack
Biogeosciences, 19, 1277–1301, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1277-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1277-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Information on the marine carbon dioxide system along the northeast Pacific Inside Passage has been limited. To address this gap, we instrumented an Alaskan ferry in order to characterize the marine carbon dioxide system in this region. Data over a 2-year period were used to assess drivers of the observed variability, identify the timing of severe conditions, and assess the extent of contemporary ocean acidification as well as future levels consistent with a 1.5 °C warmer climate.
Li-Qing Jiang, Richard A. Feely, Rik Wanninkhof, Dana Greeley, Leticia Barbero, Simone Alin, Brendan R. Carter, Denis Pierrot, Charles Featherstone, James Hooper, Chris Melrose, Natalie Monacci, Jonathan D. Sharp, Shawn Shellito, Yuan-Yuan Xu, Alex Kozyr, Robert H. Byrne, Wei-Jun Cai, Jessica Cross, Gregory C. Johnson, Burke Hales, Chris Langdon, Jeremy Mathis, Joe Salisbury, and David W. Townsend
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 2777–2799, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-2777-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-2777-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Coastal ecosystems account for most of the economic activities related to commercial and recreational fisheries and aquaculture industries, supporting about 90 % of the global fisheries yield and 80 % of known species of marine fish. Despite the large potential risks from ocean acidification (OA), internally consistent water column OA data products in the coastal ocean still do not exist. This paper is the first time we report a high quality OA data product in North America's coastal waters.
Pierre Friedlingstein, Michael O'Sullivan, Matthew W. Jones, Robbie M. Andrew, Judith Hauck, Are Olsen, Glen P. Peters, Wouter Peters, Julia Pongratz, Stephen Sitch, Corinne Le Quéré, Josep G. Canadell, Philippe Ciais, Robert B. Jackson, Simone Alin, Luiz E. O. C. Aragão, Almut Arneth, Vivek Arora, Nicholas R. Bates, Meike Becker, Alice Benoit-Cattin, Henry C. Bittig, Laurent Bopp, Selma Bultan, Naveen Chandra, Frédéric Chevallier, Louise P. Chini, Wiley Evans, Liesbeth Florentie, Piers M. Forster, Thomas Gasser, Marion Gehlen, Dennis Gilfillan, Thanos Gkritzalis, Luke Gregor, Nicolas Gruber, Ian Harris, Kerstin Hartung, Vanessa Haverd, Richard A. Houghton, Tatiana Ilyina, Atul K. Jain, Emilie Joetzjer, Koji Kadono, Etsushi Kato, Vassilis Kitidis, Jan Ivar Korsbakken, Peter Landschützer, Nathalie Lefèvre, Andrew Lenton, Sebastian Lienert, Zhu Liu, Danica Lombardozzi, Gregg Marland, Nicolas Metzl, David R. Munro, Julia E. M. S. Nabel, Shin-Ichiro Nakaoka, Yosuke Niwa, Kevin O'Brien, Tsuneo Ono, Paul I. Palmer, Denis Pierrot, Benjamin Poulter, Laure Resplandy, Eddy Robertson, Christian Rödenbeck, Jörg Schwinger, Roland Séférian, Ingunn Skjelvan, Adam J. P. Smith, Adrienne J. Sutton, Toste Tanhua, Pieter P. Tans, Hanqin Tian, Bronte Tilbrook, Guido van der Werf, Nicolas Vuichard, Anthony P. Walker, Rik Wanninkhof, Andrew J. Watson, David Willis, Andrew J. Wiltshire, Wenping Yuan, Xu Yue, and Sönke Zaehle
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 3269–3340, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-3269-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-3269-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The Global Carbon Budget 2020 describes the data sets and methodology used to quantify the emissions of carbon dioxide and their partitioning among the atmosphere, land, and ocean. These living data are updated every year to provide the highest transparency and traceability in the reporting of CO2, the key driver of climate change.
Katja Fennel, Simone Alin, Leticia Barbero, Wiley Evans, Timothée Bourgeois, Sarah Cooley, John Dunne, Richard A. Feely, Jose Martin Hernandez-Ayon, Xinping Hu, Steven Lohrenz, Frank Muller-Karger, Raymond Najjar, Lisa Robbins, Elizabeth Shadwick, Samantha Siedlecki, Nadja Steiner, Adrienne Sutton, Daniela Turk, Penny Vlahos, and Zhaohui Aleck Wang
Biogeosciences, 16, 1281–1304, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-1281-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-1281-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We review and synthesize available information on coastal ocean carbon fluxes around North America (NA). There is overwhelming evidence, compiled and discussed here, that the NA coastal margins act as a sink. Our synthesis shows the great diversity in processes driving carbon fluxes in different coastal regions, highlights remaining gaps in observations and models, and discusses current and anticipated future trends with respect to carbon fluxes and acidification.
Adrienne J. Sutton, Richard A. Feely, Stacy Maenner-Jones, Sylvia Musielwicz, John Osborne, Colin Dietrich, Natalie Monacci, Jessica Cross, Randy Bott, Alex Kozyr, Andreas J. Andersson, Nicholas R. Bates, Wei-Jun Cai, Meghan F. Cronin, Eric H. De Carlo, Burke Hales, Stephan D. Howden, Charity M. Lee, Derek P. Manzello, Michael J. McPhaden, Melissa Meléndez, John B. Mickett, Jan A. Newton, Scott E. Noakes, Jae Hoon Noh, Solveig R. Olafsdottir, Joseph E. Salisbury, Uwe Send, Thomas W. Trull, Douglas C. Vandemark, and Robert A. Weller
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 11, 421–439, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-421-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-421-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Long-term observations are critical records for distinguishing natural cycles from climate change. We present a data set of 40 surface ocean CO2 and pH time series that suggests the time length necessary to detect a trend in seawater CO2 due to uptake of atmospheric CO2 varies from 8 years in the least variable ocean regions to 41 years in the most variable coastal regions. This data set provides a tool to evaluate natural cycles of ocean CO2, with long-term trends emerging as records lengthen.
Adrienne J. Sutton, Richard A. Feely, Stacy Maenner-Jones, Sylvia Musielwicz, John Osborne, Colin Dietrich, Natalie Monacci, Jessica Cross, Randy Bott, and Alex Kozyr
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2018-77, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2018-77, 2018
Preprint withdrawn
Short summary
Short summary
Long-term observations are critical records for distinguishing natural cycles from climate change. We present a data set of 40 surface ocean CO2 and pH time series that suggest the time length necessary to detect a trend in seawater CO2 due to uptake of atmospheric CO2 varies from 8 years in the least variable ocean regions to 41 years in the most variable coastal regions. This data set provides a tool to evaluate natural cycles of ocean CO2, with long-term trends emerging as records lengthen.
Cale A. Miller, Katie Pocock, Wiley Evans, and Amanda L. Kelley
Ocean Sci., 14, 751–768, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-14-751-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-14-751-2018, 2018
Corinne Le Quéré, Robbie M. Andrew, Pierre Friedlingstein, Stephen Sitch, Julia Pongratz, Andrew C. Manning, Jan Ivar Korsbakken, Glen P. Peters, Josep G. Canadell, Robert B. Jackson, Thomas A. Boden, Pieter P. Tans, Oliver D. Andrews, Vivek K. Arora, Dorothee C. E. Bakker, Leticia Barbero, Meike Becker, Richard A. Betts, Laurent Bopp, Frédéric Chevallier, Louise P. Chini, Philippe Ciais, Catherine E. Cosca, Jessica Cross, Kim Currie, Thomas Gasser, Ian Harris, Judith Hauck, Vanessa Haverd, Richard A. Houghton, Christopher W. Hunt, George Hurtt, Tatiana Ilyina, Atul K. Jain, Etsushi Kato, Markus Kautz, Ralph F. Keeling, Kees Klein Goldewijk, Arne Körtzinger, Peter Landschützer, Nathalie Lefèvre, Andrew Lenton, Sebastian Lienert, Ivan Lima, Danica Lombardozzi, Nicolas Metzl, Frank Millero, Pedro M. S. Monteiro, David R. Munro, Julia E. M. S. Nabel, Shin-ichiro Nakaoka, Yukihiro Nojiri, X. Antonio Padin, Anna Peregon, Benjamin Pfeil, Denis Pierrot, Benjamin Poulter, Gregor Rehder, Janet Reimer, Christian Rödenbeck, Jörg Schwinger, Roland Séférian, Ingunn Skjelvan, Benjamin D. Stocker, Hanqin Tian, Bronte Tilbrook, Francesco N. Tubiello, Ingrid T. van der Laan-Luijkx, Guido R. van der Werf, Steven van Heuven, Nicolas Viovy, Nicolas Vuichard, Anthony P. Walker, Andrew J. Watson, Andrew J. Wiltshire, Sönke Zaehle, and Dan Zhu
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 10, 405–448, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-405-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-405-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
The Global Carbon Budget 2017 describes data sets and methodology to quantify the five major components of the global carbon budget and their uncertainties. It is the 12th annual update and the 6th published in this journal.
Related subject area
Domain: ESSD – Ocean | Subject: Chemical oceanography
Updated climatological mean ΔfCO2 and net sea–air CO2 flux over the global open ocean regions
The annual update GLODAPv2.2023: the global interior ocean biogeochemical data product
Synthesis Product for Ocean Time Series (SPOTS) – a ship-based biogeochemical pilot
French coastal network for carbonate system monitoring: the CocoriCO2 dataset
Climatological distribution of ocean acidification indicators along the North American ocean margins
A global database of dissolved organic matter (DOM) concentration measurements in coastal waters (CoastDOM v1)
In-situ parameters, nutrients and dissolved carbon distribution in the water column and pore waters of Arctic fjords (Western Spitsbergen) during a melting season
A decade-long cruise time series (2008–2018) of physical and biogeochemical conditions in the southern Salish Sea, North America
A regional pCO2 climatology of the Baltic Sea from in situ pCO2 observations and a model-based extrapolation approach
A 12-year-long (2010–2021) hydrological and biogeochemical dataset in the Sicily Channel (Mediterranean Sea)
A novel sea surface pCO2-product for the global coastal ocean resolving trends over 1982–2020
A high-resolution synthesis dataset for multistressor analyses along the US West Coast
CMEMS-LSCE: a global, 0.25°, monthly reconstruction of the surface ocean carbonate system
A synthesis of ocean total alkalinity and dissolved inorganic carbon measurements from 1993 to 2022: the SNAPO-CO2-v1 dataset
A year of transient tracers (chlorofluorocarbon 12 and sulfur hexafluoride), noble gases (helium and neon), and tritium in the Arctic Ocean from the MOSAiC expedition (2019–2020)
Database of nitrification and nitrifiers in the global ocean
GOBAI-O2: temporally and spatially resolved fields of ocean interior dissolved oxygen over nearly 2 decades
Spatiotemporal variability in pH and carbonate parameters on the Canadian Atlantic continental shelf between 2014 and 2022
Barium in seawater: dissolved distribution, relationship to silicon, and barite saturation state determined using machine learning
Global oceanic diazotroph database version 2 and elevated estimate of global oceanic N2 fixation
High-frequency, year-round time series of the carbonate chemistry in a high-Arctic fjord (Svalbard)
OceanSODA-UNEXE: a multi-year gridded Amazon and Congo River outflow surface ocean carbonate system dataset
Evaluating the transport of surface seawater from 1956 to 2021 using 137Cs deposited in the global ocean as a chemical tracer
Spatial reconstruction of long-term (2003–2020) sea surface pCO2 in the South China Sea using a machine-learning-based regression method aided by empirical orthogonal function analysis
OceanSODA-MDB: a standardised surface ocean carbonate system dataset for model–data intercomparisons
Hyperspectral reflectance dataset of pristine, weathered, and biofouled plastics
A database of marine macronutrient, temperature and salinity measurements made around the highly productive island of South Georgia, the Scotia Sea and the Antarctic Peninsula between 1980 and 2009
GLODAPv2.2022: the latest version of the global interior ocean biogeochemical data product
Oil slicks in the Gulf of Guinea – 10 years of Envisat Advanced Synthetic Aperture Radar observations
Amanda R. Fay, David R. Munro, Galen A. McKinley, Denis Pierrot, Stewart C. Sutherland, Colm Sweeney, and Rik Wanninkhof
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 2123–2139, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-2123-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-2123-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Presented here is a near-global monthly climatological estimate of the difference between atmosphere and ocean carbon dioxide concentrations. The ocean's ability to take up carbon, both now and in the future, is defined by this difference in concentrations. With over 30 million measurements of surface ocean carbon over the last 40 years and utilization of an extrapolation technique, a mean estimate of surface ocean ΔfCO2 is presented.
Siv K. Lauvset, Nico Lange, Toste Tanhua, Henry C. Bittig, Are Olsen, Alex Kozyr, Marta Álvarez, Kumiko Azetsu-Scott, Peter J. Brown, Brendan R. Carter, Leticia Cotrim da Cunha, Mario Hoppema, Matthew P. Humphreys, Masao Ishii, Emil Jeansson, Akihiko Murata, Jens Daniel Müller, Fiz F. Pérez, Carsten Schirnick, Reiner Steinfeldt, Toru Suzuki, Adam Ulfsbo, Anton Velo, Ryan J. Woosley, and Robert M. Key
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 2047–2072, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-2047-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-2047-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
GLODAP is a data product for ocean inorganic carbon and related biogeochemical variables measured by the chemical analysis of water bottle samples from scientific cruises. GLODAPv2.2023 is the fifth update of GLODAPv2 from 2016. The data that are included have been subjected to extensive quality controlling, including systematic evaluation of measurement biases. This version contains data from 1108 hydrographic cruises covering the world's oceans from 1972 to 2021.
Nico Lange, Björn Fiedler, Marta Álvarez, Alice Benoit-Cattin, Heather Benway, Pier Luigi Buttigieg, Laurent Coppola, Kim Currie, Susana Flecha, Dana S. Gerlach, Makio Honda, I. Emma Huertas, Siv K. Lauvset, Frank Muller-Karger, Arne Körtzinger, Kevin M. O'Brien, Sólveig R. Ólafsdóttir, Fernando C. Pacheco, Digna Rueda-Roa, Ingunn Skjelvan, Masahide Wakita, Angelicque White, and Toste Tanhua
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 1901–1931, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1901-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1901-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The Synthesis Product for Ocean Time Series (SPOTS) is a novel achievement expanding and complementing the biogeochemical data landscape by providing consistent and high-quality biogeochemical time-series data from 12 ship-based fixed time-series programs. SPOTS covers multiple unique marine environments and time-series ranges, including data from 1983 to 2021. All in all, it facilitates a variety of applications that benefit from the collective value of biogeochemical time-series observations.
Sébastien Petton, Fabrice Pernet, Valérian Le Roy, Matthias Huber, Sophie Martin, Éric Macé, Yann Bozec, Stéphane Loisel, Peggy Rimmelin-Maury, Émilie Grossteffan, Michel Repecaud, Loïc Quemener, Michael Retho, Soazig Manac'h, Mathias Papin, Philippe Pineau, Thomas Lacoue-Labarthe, Jonathan Deborde, Louis Costes, Pierre Polsenaere, Loïc Rigouin, Jérémy Benhamou, Laure Gouriou, Joséphine Lequeux, Nathalie Labourdette, Nicolas Savoye, Grégory Messiaen, Elodie Foucault, Vincent Ouisse, Marion Richard, Franck Lagarde, Florian Voron, Valentin Kempf, Sébastien Mas, Léa Giannecchini, Francesca Vidussi, Behzad Mostajir, Yann Leredde, Samir Alliouane, Jean-Pierre Gattuso, and Frédéric Gazeau
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 1667–1688, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1667-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1667-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Our research highlights the concerning impact of rising carbon dioxide levels on coastal areas. To better understand these changes, we've established an observation network in France. By deploying pH sensors and other monitoring equipment at key coastal sites, we're gaining valuable insights into how various factors, such as freshwater inputs, tides, temperature, and biological processes, influence ocean pH.
Li-Qing Jiang, Tim P. Boyer, Christopher R. Paver, Hyelim Yoo, James R. Reagan, Simone R. Alin, Leticia Barbero, Brendan R. Carter, Richard A. Feely, and Rik Wanninkhof
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-59, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-59, 2024
Revised manuscript accepted for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
In this paper, we unveil a comprehensive data product featuring ten coastal ocean acidification indicators. These indicators are provided on 1°×1° degree spatial grids at 14 standardized depth levels, ranging from the surface to a depth of 500 meters, along the North American ocean margins.
Christian Lønborg, Cátia Carreira, Gwenaël Abril, Susana Agustí, Valentina Amaral, Agneta Andersson, Javier Arístegui, Punyasloke Bhadury, Mariana B. Bif, Alberto V. Borges, Steven Bouillon, Maria Ll. Calleja, Luiz C. Cotovicz Jr., Stefano Cozzi, Maryló Doval, Carlos M. Duarte, Bradley Eyre, Cédric G. Fichot, E. Elena García-Martín, Alexandra Garzon-Garcia, Michele Giani, Rafael Gonçalves-Araujo, Renee Gruber, Dennis A. Hansell, Fuminori Hashihama, Ding He, Johnna M. Holding, William R. Hunter, J. Severino P. Ibánhez, Valeria Ibello, Shan Jiang, Guebuem Kim, Katja Klun, Piotr Kowalczuk, Atsushi Kubo, Choon-Weng Lee, Cláudia B. Lopes, Federica Maggioni, Paolo Magni, Celia Marrase, Patrick Martin, S. Leigh McCallister, Roisin McCallum, Patricia M. Medeiros, Xosé Anxelu G. Morán, Frank E. Muller-Karger, Allison Myers-Pigg, Marit Norli, Joanne M. Oakes, Helena Osterholz, Hyekyung Park, Maria Lund Paulsen, Judith A. Rosentreter, Jeff D. Ross, Digna Rueda-Roa, Chiara Santinelli, Yuan Shen, Eva Teira, Tinkara Tinta, Guenther Uher, Masahide Wakita, Nicholas Ward, Kenta Watanabe, Yu Xin, Youhei Yamashita, Liyang Yang, Jacob Yeo, Huamao Yuan, Qiang Zheng, and Xosé Antón Álvarez-Salgado
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 1107–1119, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1107-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1107-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In this paper, we present the first edition of a global database compiling previously published and unpublished measurements of dissolved organic matter (DOM) collected in coastal waters (CoastDOM v1). Overall, the CoastDOM v1 dataset will be useful to identify global spatial and temporal patterns and to facilitate reuse in studies aimed at better characterizing local biogeochemical processes and identifying a baseline for modelling future changes in coastal waters.
Seyed Reza Saghravani, Michael Ernst Böttcher, Wei-Li Hong, Karol Kuliński, Aivo Lepland, Arunima Sen, and Beata Szymczycha
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-13, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-13, 2024
Revised manuscript accepted for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
A comprehensive study conducted in 2021 examined the distributions of dissolved nutrients and carbon in the western Spitsbergen fjords during the high melting season. Significant spatial variability was observed in the water column and pore water concentrations of constituents, highlighting the unique biogeochemical characteristics of each fjord and their potential impact on ecosystem functioning and oceanographic processes.
Simone R. Alin, Jan A. Newton, Richard A. Feely, Dana Greeley, Beth Curry, Julian Herndon, and Mark Warner
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 837–865, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-837-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-837-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The Salish cruise data product provides 2008–2018 oceanographic data from the southern Salish Sea and nearby coastal sampling stations. Temperature, salinity, oxygen, nutrient, and dissolved inorganic carbon measurements from 715 oceanographic profiles will facilitate further study of ocean acidification, hypoxia, and marine heatwave impacts in this region. Three subsets of the compiled datasets from 35 cruises are available with consistent formatting and multiple commonly used units.
Henry C. Bittig, Erik Jacobs, Thomas Neumann, and Gregor Rehder
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 753–773, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-753-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-753-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We present a pCO2 climatology of the Baltic Sea using a new approach to extrapolate from individual observations to the entire Baltic Sea. The extrapolation approach uses (a) a model to inform on how data at one location are connected to data at other locations, together with (b) very accurate pCO2 observations from 2003 to 2021 as the base data. The climatology can be used e.g. to assess uptake and release of CO2 or to identify extreme events.
Francesco Placenti, Marco Torri, Katrin Schroeder, Mireno Borghini, Gabriella Cerrati, Angela Cuttitta, Vincenzo Tancredi, Carmelo Buscaino, and Bernardo Patti
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 743–752, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-743-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-743-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Oceanographic surveys were conducted in the Strait of Sicily between 2010 and 2021. This paper provides a description of the time series of nutrients and hydrological data collected in this zone. The dataset fills an important gap in field observations of a crucial area where exchanges with the Mediterranean sub-basin take place, providing support for studies aimed at describing ongoing processes and at realizing reliable projections of the effects of these processes in the near future.
Alizée Roobaert, Pierre Regnier, Peter Landschützer, and Goulven G. Laruelle
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 421–441, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-421-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-421-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The quantification of the coastal air–sea CO2 exchange (FCO2) has improved in recent years, but its multiannual variability remains unclear. This study, based on interpolated observations, reconstructs the longest global time series of coastal FCO2 (1982–2020). Results show the coastal ocean acts as a CO2 sink, with increasing intensity over time. This new coastal FCO2-product allows establishing regional carbon budgets and provides new constraints for closing the global carbon cycle.
Esther G. Kennedy, Meghan Zulian, Sara L. Hamilton, Tessa M. Hill, Manuel Delgado, Carina R. Fish, Brian Gaylord, Kristy J. Kroeker, Hannah M. Palmer, Aurora M. Ricart, Eric Sanford, Ana K. Spalding, Melissa Ward, Guadalupe Carrasco, Meredith Elliott, Genece V. Grisby, Evan Harris, Jaime Jahncke, Catherine N. Rocheleau, Sebastian Westerink, and Maddie I. Wilmot
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 219–243, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-219-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-219-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We present a new synthesis of oceanographic observations along the US West Coast that has been optimized for multiparameter investigations of coastal warming, deoxygenation, and acidification risk. This synthesis includes both previously published and new observations, all of which have been consistently formatted and quality-controlled to facilitate high-resolution investigations of climate risks and consequences across a wide range of spatial and temporal scales.
Thi-Tuyet-Trang Chau, Marion Gehlen, Nicolas Metzl, and Frédéric Chevallier
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 121–160, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-121-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-121-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
CMEMS-LSCE leads as the first global observation-based reconstructions of six carbonate system variables for the years 1985–2021 at monthly and 0.25° resolutions. The high-resolution reconstructions outperform their 1° counterpart in reproducing horizontal and temporal gradients of observations over various oceanic regions to nearshore time series stations. New datasets can be exploited in numerous studies, including monitoring changes in ocean carbon uptake and ocean acidification.
Nicolas Metzl, Jonathan Fin, Claire Lo Monaco, Claude Mignon, Samir Alliouane, David Antoine, Guillaume Bourdin, Jacqueline Boutin, Yann Bozec, Pascal Conan, Laurent Coppola, Frédéric Diaz, Eric Douville, Xavier Durrieu de Madron, Jean-Pierre Gattuso, Frédéric Gazeau, Melek Golbol, Bruno Lansard, Dominique Lefèvre, Nathalie Lefèvre, Fabien Lombard, Férial Louanchi, Liliane Merlivat, Léa Olivier, Anne Petrenko, Sébastien Petton, Mireille Pujo-Pay, Christophe Rabouille, Gilles Reverdin, Céline Ridame, Aline Tribollet, Vincenzo Vellucci, Thibaut Wagener, and Cathy Wimart-Rousseau
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 89–120, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-89-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-89-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This work presents a synthesis of 44 000 total alkalinity and dissolved inorganic carbon observations obtained between 1993 and 2022 in the Global Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea at the surface and in the water column. Seawater samples were measured using the same method and calibrated with international Certified Reference Material. We describe the data assemblage, quality control and some potential uses of this dataset.
Céline Heuzé, Oliver Huhn, Maren Walter, Natalia Sukhikh, Salar Karam, Wiebke Körtke, Myriel Vredenborg, Klaus Bulsiewicz, Jürgen Sültenfuß, Ying-Chih Fang, Christian Mertens, Benjamin Rabe, Sandra Tippenhauer, Jacob Allerholt, Hailun He, David Kuhlmey, Ivan Kuznetsov, and Maria Mallet
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 5517–5534, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-5517-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-5517-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Gases dissolved in the ocean water not used by the ecosystem (or "passive tracers") are invaluable to track water over long distances and investigate the processes that modify its properties. Unfortunately, especially so in the ice-covered Arctic Ocean, such gas measurements are sparse. We here present a data set of several passive tracers (anthropogenic gases, noble gases and their isotopes) collected over the full ocean depth, weekly, during the 1-year drift in the Arctic during MOSAiC.
Weiyi Tang, Bess B. Ward, Michael Beman, Laura Bristow, Darren Clark, Sarah Fawcett, Claudia Frey, François Fripiat, Gerhard J. Herndl, Mhlangabezi Mdutyana, Fabien Paulot, Xuefeng Peng, Alyson E. Santoro, Takuhei Shiozaki, Eva Sintes, Charles Stock, Xin Sun, Xianhui S. Wan, Min N. Xu, and Yao Zhang
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 5039–5077, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-5039-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-5039-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Nitrification and nitrifiers play an important role in marine nitrogen and carbon cycles by converting ammonium to nitrite and nitrate. Nitrification could affect microbial community structure, marine productivity, and the production of nitrous oxide – a powerful greenhouse gas. We introduce the newly constructed database of nitrification and nitrifiers in the marine water column and guide future research efforts in field observations and model development of nitrification.
Jonathan D. Sharp, Andrea J. Fassbender, Brendan R. Carter, Gregory C. Johnson, Cristina Schultz, and John P. Dunne
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 4481–4518, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-4481-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-4481-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Dissolved oxygen content is a critical metric of ocean health. Recently, expanding fleets of autonomous platforms that measure oxygen in the ocean have produced a wealth of new data. We leverage machine learning to take advantage of this growing global dataset, producing a gridded data product of ocean interior dissolved oxygen at monthly resolution over nearly 2 decades. This work provides novel information for investigations of spatial, seasonal, and interannual variability in ocean oxygen.
Olivia Gibb, Frédéric Cyr, Kumiko Azetsu-Scott, Joël Chassé, Darlene Childs, Carrie-Ellen Gabriel, Peter S. Galbraith, Gary Maillet, Pierre Pepin, Stephen Punshon, and Michel Starr
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 4127–4162, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-4127-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-4127-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The ocean absorbs large quantities of carbon dioxide (CO2) released into the atmosphere as a result of the burning of fossil fuels. This, in turn, causes ocean acidification, which poses a major threat to global ocean ecosystems. In this study, we compiled 9 years (2014–2022) of ocean carbonate data (i.e., ocean acidification parameters) collected in Atlantic Canada as part of the Atlantic Zone Monitoring Program.
Öykü Z. Mete, Adam V. Subhas, Heather H. Kim, Ann G. Dunlea, Laura M. Whitmore, Alan M. Shiller, Melissa Gilbert, William D. Leavitt, and Tristan J. Horner
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 4023–4045, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-4023-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-4023-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We present results from a machine learning model that accurately predicts dissolved barium concentrations for the global ocean. Our results reveal that the whole-ocean barium inventory is significantly lower than previously thought and that the deep ocean below 1000 m is at equilibrium with respect to barite. The model output can be used for a number of applications, including intercomparison, interpolation, and identification of regions warranting additional investigation.
Zhibo Shao, Yangchun Xu, Hua Wang, Weicheng Luo, Lice Wang, Yuhong Huang, Nona Sheila R. Agawin, Ayaz Ahmed, Mar Benavides, Mikkel Bentzon-Tilia, Ilana Berman-Frank, Hugo Berthelot, Isabelle C. Biegala, Mariana B. Bif, Antonio Bode, Sophie Bonnet, Deborah A. Bronk, Mark V. Brown, Lisa Campbell, Douglas G. Capone, Edward J. Carpenter, Nicolas Cassar, Bonnie X. Chang, Dreux Chappell, Yuh-ling Lee Chen, Matthew J. Church, Francisco M. Cornejo-Castillo, Amália Maria Sacilotto Detoni, Scott C. Doney, Cecile Dupouy, Marta Estrada, Camila Fernandez, Bieito Fernández-Castro, Debany Fonseca-Batista, Rachel A. Foster, Ken Furuya, Nicole Garcia, Kanji Goto, Jesús Gago, Mary R. Gradoville, M. Robert Hamersley, Britt A. Henke, Cora Hörstmann, Amal Jayakumar, Zhibing Jiang, Shuh-Ji Kao, David M. Karl, Leila R. Kittu, Angela N. Knapp, Sanjeev Kumar, Julie LaRoche, Hongbin Liu, Jiaxing Liu, Caroline Lory, Carolin R. Löscher, Emilio Marañón, Lauren F. Messer, Matthew M. Mills, Wiebke Mohr, Pia H. Moisander, Claire Mahaffey, Robert Moore, Beatriz Mouriño-Carballido, Margaret R. Mulholland, Shin-ichiro Nakaoka, Joseph A. Needoba, Eric J. Raes, Eyal Rahav, Teodoro Ramírez-Cárdenas, Christian Furbo Reeder, Lasse Riemann, Virginie Riou, Julie C. Robidart, Vedula V. S. S. Sarma, Takuya Sato, Himanshu Saxena, Corday Selden, Justin R. Seymour, Dalin Shi, Takuhei Shiozaki, Arvind Singh, Rachel E. Sipler, Jun Sun, Koji Suzuki, Kazutaka Takahashi, Yehui Tan, Weiyi Tang, Jean-Éric Tremblay, Kendra Turk-Kubo, Zuozhu Wen, Angelicque E. White, Samuel T. Wilson, Takashi Yoshida, Jonathan P. Zehr, Run Zhang, Yao Zhang, and Ya-Wei Luo
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 3673–3709, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3673-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3673-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
N2 fixation by marine diazotrophs is an important bioavailable N source to the global ocean. This updated global oceanic diazotroph database increases the number of in situ measurements of N2 fixation rates, diazotrophic cell abundances, and nifH gene copy abundances by 184 %, 86 %, and 809 %, respectively. Using the updated database, the global marine N2 fixation rate is estimated at 223 ± 30 Tg N yr−1, which triplicates that using the original database.
Jean-Pierre Gattuso, Samir Alliouane, and Philipp Fischer
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 2809–2825, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2809-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2809-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The Arctic Ocean is subject to high rates of ocean warming and acidification, with critical implications for marine organisms, ecosystems and the services they provide. We report here on the first high-frequency (1 h), multi-year (5 years) dataset of the carbonate system at a coastal site in a high-Arctic fjord (Kongsfjorden, Svalbard). This site is a significant sink for CO2 every month of the year (9 to 17 mol m-2 yr-1). The saturation state of aragonite can be as low as 1.3.
Richard P. Sims, Thomas M. Holding, Peter E. Land, Jean-Francois Piolle, Hannah L. Green, and Jamie D. Shutler
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 2499–2516, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2499-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2499-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The flow of carbon between the land and ocean is poorly quantified with existing measurements. It is not clear how seasonality and long-term variability impact this flow of carbon. Here, we demonstrate how satellite observations can be used to create decadal time series of the inorganic carbonate system in the Amazon and Congo River outflows.
Yayoi Inomata and Michio Aoyama
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 1969–2007, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-1969-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-1969-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The behavior of 137Cs in surface seawater in the global ocean was analyzed by using the HAMGlobal2021 database. Approximately 32 % of 137Cs existed in the surface seawater in 1970. The 137Cs released into the North Pacific Ocean by large-scale nuclear weapons tests was transported to the Indian Ocean and then the Atlantic Ocean on a 4–5 decadal timescale, whereas 137Cs released from nuclear reprocessing plants was transported northward to the Arctic Ocean on a decadal scale.
Zhixuan Wang, Guizhi Wang, Xianghui Guo, Yan Bai, Yi Xu, and Minhan Dai
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 1711–1731, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-1711-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-1711-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We reconstructed monthly sea surface pCO2 data with a high spatial resolution in the South China Sea (SCS) from 2003 to 2020. We validate our reconstruction with three independent testing datasets and present a new method to assess the uncertainty of the data. The results strongly suggest that our reconstruction effectively captures the main features of the spatiotemporal patterns of pCO2 in the SCS. Using this dataset, we found that the SCS is overall a weak source of atmospheric CO2.
Peter Edward Land, Helen S. Findlay, Jamie D. Shutler, Jean-Francois Piolle, Richard Sims, Hannah Green, Vassilis Kitidis, Alexander Polukhin, and Irina I. Pipko
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 921–947, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-921-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-921-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Measurements of the ocean’s carbonate system (e.g. CO2 and pH) have increased greatly in recent years, resulting in a need to combine these data with satellite measurements and model results, so they can be used to test predictions of how the ocean reacts to changes such as absorption of the CO2 emitted by humans. We show a method of combining data into regions of interest (100 km circles over a 10 d period) and apply it globally to produce a harmonised and easy-to-use data archive.
Giulia Leone, Ana I. Catarino, Liesbeth De Keukelaere, Mattias Bossaer, Els Knaeps, and Gert Everaert
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 745–752, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-745-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-745-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This paper illustrates a dataset of hyperspectral reflectance measurements of macroplastics. Plastic samples consisted of pristine, artificially weathered, and biofouled plastic items and field plastic debris. Samples were measured in dry conditions and a subset of plastics in wet and submerged conditions. This dataset can be used to better understand plastic optical features when exposed to natural agents and to support the development of algorithms for monitoring environmental plastics.
Michael J. Whitehouse, Katharine R. Hendry, Geraint A. Tarling, Sally E. Thorpe, and Petra ten Hoopen
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 211–224, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-211-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-211-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We present a database of Southern Ocean macronutrient, temperature and salinity measurements collected on 20 oceanographic cruises between 1980 and 2009. Vertical profiles and underway surface measurements were collected year-round as part of an integrated ecosystem study. Our data provide a novel view of biogeochemical cycling in biologically productive regions across a critical period in recent climate history and will contribute to a better understanding of the drivers of primary production.
Siv K. Lauvset, Nico Lange, Toste Tanhua, Henry C. Bittig, Are Olsen, Alex Kozyr, Simone Alin, Marta Álvarez, Kumiko Azetsu-Scott, Leticia Barbero, Susan Becker, Peter J. Brown, Brendan R. Carter, Leticia Cotrim da Cunha, Richard A. Feely, Mario Hoppema, Matthew P. Humphreys, Masao Ishii, Emil Jeansson, Li-Qing Jiang, Steve D. Jones, Claire Lo Monaco, Akihiko Murata, Jens Daniel Müller, Fiz F. Pérez, Benjamin Pfeil, Carsten Schirnick, Reiner Steinfeldt, Toru Suzuki, Bronte Tilbrook, Adam Ulfsbo, Anton Velo, Ryan J. Woosley, and Robert M. Key
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 5543–5572, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-5543-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-5543-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
GLODAP is a data product for ocean inorganic carbon and related biogeochemical variables measured by the chemical analysis of water bottle samples from scientific cruises. GLODAPv2.2022 is the fourth update of GLODAPv2 from 2016. The data that are included have been subjected to extensive quality controlling, including systematic evaluation of measurement biases. This version contains data from 1085 hydrographic cruises covering the world's oceans from 1972 to 2021.
Zhour Najoui, Nellya Amoussou, Serge Riazanoff, Guillaume Aurel, and Frédéric Frappart
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 4569–4588, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-4569-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-4569-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Oil spills could have serious repercussions for both the marine environment and ecosystem. The Gulf of Guinea is a very active area with respect to maritime traffic as well as oil and gas exploitation (platforms). As a result, the region is subject to a large number of oil pollution events. This study aims to detect oil slicks in the Gulf of Guinea and analyse their spatial and temporal distribution using satellite data.
Cited articles
Andrade, J. F., Hurst, T. P., and Miller, J. A.: Behavioral responses of a coastal flatfish to predation-associated cues and elevated CO2, J. Sea Res., 140, 11–21, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seares.2018.06.013, 2018.
Armstrong, F. A. J., Stearns, C. R., and Strickland, J. D. H.: The measurement of upwelling and subsequent biological process by means of the Technicon Autoanalyzer®and associated equipment, Deep Sea Research and Oceanographic Abstracts, 14, 381–389, https://doi.org/10.1016/0011-7471(67)90082-4, 1967.
Bakun, A.: Coastal upwelling indices, west coast of North America, 1946–71, Technical Report, https://repository.library.noaa.gov/view/noaa/9041 (last access: 2 August 2023), 1973.
Bakun, A.: Daily and Weekly Upwelling Indices, West Coast of North America, 1967–73, Technical Report, https://repository.library.noaa.gov/view/noaa/15387 (last access: 2 August 2023), 1975.
Barton, A., Hales, B., Waldbusser, G. G., Langdon, C., and Feely, R. A.: The Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas, shows negative correlation to naturally elevated carbon dioxide levels: Implications for near-term ocean acidification effects, Limnol. Oceanogr., 57, 698–710, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2012.57.3.0698, 2012.
Bates, N. R., Orchowska, M. I., Garley, R., and Mathis, J. T.: Summertime calcium carbonate undersaturation in shelf waters of the western Arctic Ocean – how biological processes exacerbate the impact of ocean acidification, Biogeosciences, 10, 5281–5309, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-5281-2013, 2013.
Bechmann, R. K., Taban, I. C., Westerlund, S., Godal, B. F., Arnberg, M., Vingen, S., Ingvarsdottir, A., and Baussant, T.: Effects of Ocean Acidification on Early Life Stages of Shrimp (Pandalus borealis) and Mussel (Mytilus edulis), J. Toxicol. Env. Heal. A, 74, 424–438, https://doi.org/10.1080/15287394.2011.550460, 2011.
Bednaršek, N., Tarling, G. A., Bakker, D. C. E., Fielding, S., Jones, E. M., Venables, H. J., Ward, P., Kuzirian, A., Lézé, B., Feely, R. A., and Murphy, E. J.: Extensive dissolution of live pteropods in the Southern Ocean, Nat. Geosci., 5, 881–885, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1635, 2012.
Bednaršek, N., Feely, R. A., Reum, J. C. P., Peterson, B., Menkel, J., Alin, S. R., and Hales, B.: Limacina helicina shell dissolution as an indicator of declining habitat suitability owing to ocean acidification in the California Current Ecosystem, P. Roy. Soc. B-Biol. Sci., 281, 20140123, https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2014.0123, 2014.
Burton, J. D., Leatherland, T. M., and Liss, P. S.: The Reactivity of Dissolved Silicon in Some Natural Waters, Limnol. Oceanogr., 15, 473–476, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1970.15.3.0473, 1970.
Byrne, R. H., Mecking, S., Feely, R. A., and Liu, X.: Direct observations of basin-wide acidification of the North Pacific Ocean, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009GL040999, L02601, 2010.
Cai, W.-J., Feely, R. A., Testa, J. M., Li, M., Evans, W., Alin, S. R., Xu, Y.-Y., Pelletier, G., Ahmed, A., Greeley, D. J., Newton, J. A., and Bednaršek, N.: Natural and Anthropogenic Drivers of Acidification in Large Estuaries, Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci., 13, 23–55, https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-marine-010419-011004, 2021.
Carpenter, J. H.: The Accuracy of The Winkler Method for Dissolved Oxygen Analysis, Limnol. Oceanogr., 10, 135–140, 1965.
Childers, A. R., Whitledge, T. E., and Stockwell, D. A.: Seasonal and interannual variability in the distribution of nutrients and chlorophyll a across the Gulf of Alaska shelf: 1998–2000, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 52, 193–216, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2004.09.018, 2005.
Comeau, S., Jeffree, R., Teyssié, J.-L., and Gattuso, J.-P.: Response of the Arctic Pteropod Limacina helicina to Projected Future Environmental Conditions, PLOS ONE, 5, e11362, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0011362, 2010.
Cooley, S. R. and Doney, S. C.: Anticipating ocean acidification's economic consequences for commercial fisheries, Environ. Res. Lett., 4, 024007, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/4/2/024007, 2009.
Cross, J. N., Mathis, J. T., Bates, N. R., and Byrne, R. H.: Conservative and non-conservative variations of total alkalinity on the southeastern Bering Sea shelf, Mar. Chem., 154, 100–112, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2013.05.012, 2013.
Cross, J. N., Mathis, J. T., Pickart, R. S., and Bates, N. R.: Formation and transport of corrosive water in the Pacific Arctic region, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 152, 67–81, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2018.05.020, 2018.
Cross, J. N., Monacci, N. M., and Mathis, J. T.: Dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), total alkalinity and other hydrographic and chemical variables collected from discrete samples and profile observations during NOAA Ship Ronald H. Brown cruise RB1504 (EXPOCODE 33RO20150713) in the Gulf of Alaska from 2015-07-13 to 2015-07-31 (NCEI Accession 0201748), NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information [data set], https://doi.org/10.25921/dey6-9h45, 2019.
Dickson, A. G.: Thermodynamics of the dissociation of boric acid in synthetic seawater from 273.15 to 318.15 K, Deep-Sea Res., 37, 755–766, https://doi.org/10.1016/0198-0149(90)90004-F, 1990.
Dillon, W. D. N., Dillingham, P. W., Currie, K. I., and McGraw, C. M.: Inclusion of uncertainty in the calcium–salinity relationship improves estimates of ocean acidification monitoring data quality, Mar. Chem., 226, 103872, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2020.103872, 2020.
Dore, J. E., Lukas, R., Sadler, D. W., Church, M. J., and Karl, D. M.: Physical and biogeochemical modulation of ocean acidification in the central North Pacific, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 106, 12235–12240, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0906044106, 2009.
Evans, W. and Mathis, J. T.: The Gulf of Alaska coastal ocean as an atmospheric CO2 sink, Cont. Shelf Res., 65, 52–63, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2013.06.013, 2013.
Evans, W., Mathis, J. T., Winsor, P., Statscewich, H., and Whitledge, T. E.: A regression modeling approach for studying carbonate system variability in the northern Gulf of Alaska, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 118, 476–489, https://doi.org/10.1029/2012JC008246, 2013.
Evans, W., Mathis, J. T., and Cross, J. N.: Calcium carbonate corrosivity in an Alaskan inland sea, Biogeosciences, 11, 365–379, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-365-2014, 2014.
Feely, R. A., Sabine, C. L., Lee, K., Berelson, W., Kleypas, J., Fabry, V. J., and Millero, F. J.: Impact of Anthropogenic CO2 on the CaCO3 System in the Oceans, Science, 305, 362–366, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1097329, 2004.
Feely, R. A., Sabine, C. L., Hernandez-Ayon, J. M., Ianson, D., and Hales, B.: Evidence for Upwelling of Corrosive “Acidified” Water onto the Continental Shelf, Science, 320, 1490–1492, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1155676, 2008.
Feely, R. A., Okazaki, R. R., Cai, W.-J., Bednaršek, N., Alin, S. R., Byrne, R. H., and Fassbender, A.: The combined effects of acidification and hypoxia on pH and aragonite saturation in the coastal waters of the California current ecosystem and the northern Gulf of Mexico, Cont. Shelf Res., 152, 50–60, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2017.11.002, 2018.
Feely, R. A. D., Scott C., and Cooley, S. R.: Ocean Acidification: Present Conditions and Future Changes in a High-CO2 World, Oceanography, 22, 36–47, https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2009.95, 2009.
Fissel, B., Dalton, M., Garber-Yonts, B., Haynie, A., Kasperski, S., Lee, J., Lew, D., Seung, C., Sparks, K., Szymkowiak, M., and Wise, S.: Stock assessment and fishery evaluation report for the groundfish fisheries of the Gulf of Alaska and Bering Sea / Aleutian Islands area: Economic Status of the Groundfish fisheries off Alaska, 2019, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/alaska/ecosystems/economic-status-reports-gulf-alaska-and-bering-sea-aleutian-islands (last date: 2 August 2023), 2021.
Frisch, L. C., Mathis, J. T., Kettle, N. P., and Trainor, S. F.: Gauging perceptions of ocean acidification in Alaska, Mar. Policy, 53, 101–110, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2014.11.022, 2015.
Gordon, L. I., Jennings Jr., J. C., Ross, A. A., and Krest, J. M.: A Suggested Protocol for Continuous Flow Automated Analysis of Seawater Nutrients (Phosphate, Nitrate, Nitrite and Silicic Acid) in the WOCE Hydrographic Program and the Joint Global Ocean Fluxes Study, in: WOCE Hydrographic Program Office, Methods Manual WHPO 91–1, Oregon State University Technical Report, 93–1, https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0001/9900162/2.2/data/0-data/jgofscd/Files/protocols/Chap8.htm (last access: 2 August 2023), 1993.
Gouretski, V. V. and Jancke, K.: Systematic errors as the cause for an apparent deep water property variability: global analysis of the WOCE and historical hydrographic data, Prog. Oceanogr., 48, 337–402, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0079-6611(00)00049-5, 2000.
Gruber, N., Bakker, D. C. E., DeVries, T., Gregor, L., Hauck, J., Landschützer, P., McKinley, G. A., and Müller, J. D.: Trends and variability in the ocean carbon sink, Nature Reviews Earth & Environment, 4, 119–134, https://doi.org/10.1038/s43017-022-00381-x, 2023.
Hauri, C., Schultz, C., Hedstrom, K., Danielson, S., Irving, B., Doney, S. C., Dussin, R., Curchitser, E. N., Hill, D. F., and Stock, C. A.: A regional hindcast model simulating ecosystem dynamics, inorganic carbon chemistry, and ocean acidification in the Gulf of Alaska, Biogeosciences, 17, 3837–3857, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3837-2020, 2020.
Hurst, T. P., Fernandez, E. R., Mathis, J. T., Miller, J. A., Stinson, C. M., and Ahgeak, E. F.: Resiliency of juvenile walleye pollock to projected levels of ocean acidification, Aquat. Biol., 17, 247–259, https://doi.org/10.3354/ab00483, 2012.
Hurst, T. P., Fernandez, E. R., and Mathis, J. T.: Effects of ocean acidification on hatch size and larval growth of walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma), ICES J. Mar. Sci., 70, 812–822, https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fst053, 2013.
Hurst, T. P., Copeman, L. A., Haines, S. A., Meredith, S. D., Daniels, K., and Hubbard, K. M.: Elevated CO2 alters behavior, growth, and lipid composition of Pacific cod larvae, Mar. Environ. Res., 145, 52–65, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2019.02.004, 2019.
Jacox, M. G., Edwards, C. A., Hazen, E. L., and Bograd, S. J.: Coastal Upwelling Revisited: Ekman, Bakun, and Improved Upwelling Indices for the U. S. West Coast, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 123, 7332–7350, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JC014187, 2018.
Jiang, L.-Q., Carter, B. R., Feely, R. A., Lauvset, S. K., and Olsen, A.: Surface ocean pH and buffer capacity: past, present and future, Sci. Rep.-UK, 9, 18624, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-55039-4, 2019.
Jiang, L.-Q., Feely, R. A., Wanninkhof, R., Greeley, D., Barbero, L., Alin, S., Carter, B. R., Pierrot, D., Featherstone, C., Hooper, J., Melrose, C., Monacci, N., Sharp, J. D., Shellito, S., Xu, Y.-Y., Kozyr, A., Byrne, R. H., Cai, W.-J., Cross, J., Johnson, G. C., Hales, B., Langdon, C., Mathis, J., Salisbury, J., and Townsend, D. W.: Coastal Ocean Data Analysis Product in North America (CODAP-NA) – an internally consistent data product for discrete inorganic carbon, oxygen, and nutrients on the North American ocean margins, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 2777–2799, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-2777-2021, 2021.
Jiang, L.-Q., Pierrot, D., Wanninkhof, R., Feely, R. A., Tilbrook, B., Alin, S., Barbero, L., Byrne, R. H., Carter, B. R., Dickson, A. G., Gattuso, J.-P., Greeley, D., Hoppema, M., Humphreys, M. P., Karstensen, J., Lange, N., Lauvset, S. K., Lewis, E. R., Olsen, A., Pérez, F. F., Sabine, C., Sharp, J. D., Tanhua, T., Trull, T. W., Velo, A., Allegra, A. J., Barker, P., Burger, E., Cai, W.-J., Chen, C.-T. A., Cross, J., Garcia, H., Hernandez-Ayon, J. M., Hu, X., Kozyr, A., Langdon, C., Lee, K., Salisbury, J., Wang, Z. A., and Xue, L.: Best Practice Data Standards for Discrete Chemical Oceanographic Observations, Frontiers in Marine Science, 8, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.705638, 2022.
Johnson, G. C., Robbins, P. E., and Hufford, G. E.: Systematic Adjustments of Hydrographic Sections for Internal Consistency, J. Atmos. Ocean. Tech., 18, 1234–1244, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0426(2001)018%3C1234:SAOHSF%3E2.0.CO;2, 2001.
Ladd, C., Cheng, W., and Salo, S.: Gap winds and their effects on regional oceanography Part II: Kodiak Island, Alaska, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 132, 54–67, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2015.08.005, 2016.
Langdon, C.: Determination of Dissolved Oxygen in Seawater by Winkler Titration Using The Amperometric Technique, in: The GO-SHIP Repeat Hydrography Manual: A Collection of Expert Reports and Guidelines, Version 1, edited by: Hood, E. M., Sabine, C. L., Sloyan, B. M., IOCCP Report Number 14, ICPO Publication Series Number 134, 18, https://doi.org/10.25607/OBP-1350, 2010.
Lauvset, S. K., Lange, N., Tanhua, T., Bittig, H. C., Olsen, A., Kozyr, A., Alin, S., Álvarez, M., Azetsu-Scott, K., Barbero, L., Becker, S., Brown, P. J., Carter, B. R., da Cunha, L. C., Feely, R. A., Hoppema, M., Humphreys, M. P., Ishii, M., Jeansson, E., Jiang, L.-Q., Jones, S. D., Lo Monaco, C., Murata, A., Müller, J. D., Pérez, F. F., Pfeil, B., Schirnick, C., Steinfeldt, R., Suzuki, T., Tilbrook, B., Ulfsbo, A., Velo, A., Woosley, R. J., and Key, R. M.: GLODAPv2.2022: the latest version of the global interior ocean biogeochemical data product, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 5543–5572, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-5543-2022, 2022.
Long, C. W., Swiney, K. M., and Foy, R. J.: Effects of ocean acidification on the embryos and larvae of red king crab, Paralithodes camtschaticus, Mar. Pollut. Bull., 69, 38–47, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.01.011, 2013.
Macdonald, R. W., McLaughlin, F. A., and Wong, C. S.: The storage of reactive silicate samples by freezing, Limnol. Oceanogr., 31, 1139–1142, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1986.31.5.1139, 1986.
Mathis, J. T., Bates, N. R., Hansell, D. A., and Babila, T.: Net community production in the northeastern Chukchi Sea, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 56, 1213–1222, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.10.017, 2009.
Mathis, J. T., Cross, J. N., and Bates, N. R.: Coupling primary production and terrestrial runoff to ocean acidification and carbonate mineral suppression in the eastern Bering Sea, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 116, C02030, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JC006453, 2011a.
Mathis, J. T., Cross, J. N., and Bates, N. R.: The role of ocean acidification in systemic carbonate mineral suppression in the Bering Sea, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L19602, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011GL048884, 2011b.
Mathis, J. T., Pickart, R. S., Byrne, R. H., McNeil, C. L., Moore, G. W. K., Juranek, L. W., Liu, X., Ma, J., Easley, R. A., Elliot, M. M., Cross, J. N., Reisdorph, S. C., Bahr, F., Morison, J., Lichendorf, T., and Feely, R. A.: Storm-induced upwelling of high pCO2 waters onto the continental shelf of the western Arctic Ocean and implications for carbonate mineral saturation states, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L07606, https://doi.org/10.1029/2012GL051574, 2012.
Mathis, J. T., Cross, J. N., Monacci, N., Feely, R. A., and Stabeno, P.: Evidence of prolonged aragonite undersaturations in the bottom waters of the southern Bering Sea shelf from autonomous sensors, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 109, 125–133, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2013.07.019, 2014.
Mathis, J. T., Cooley, S. R., Lucey, N., Colt, S., Ekstrom, J., Hurst, T., Hauri, C., Evans, W., Cross, J. N., and Feely, R. A.: Ocean acidification risk assessment for Alaska's fishery sector, Prog. Oceanogr., 136, 71–91, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2014.07.001, 2015.
Millero, F., Graham, T., Huang, F., Bustos-Serrano, H., and Pierrot, D.: Dissociation constants of carbonic acid in seawater as a function of salinity and temperature, Mar. Chem., 100, 80–94, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2005.12.001, 2006.
Monacci, N. M., Cross, J. N., Mathis, J. T., Hopcroft, R. R., Naber, D., Shake, K. L., Trahanovsky, K., and Whitledge, T. E.: Discrete profile measurements of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), total alkalinity (TA), temperature, salinity, oxygen, nutrients and other parameters during the R/V Tiĝlax̂ Seward Line cruises TXS08 and TXF08 (EXPOCODEs: 33A020080502 and 33A020080913) in the Gulf of Alaska, North Pacific Ocean from 2008-05-02 to 2008-09-16 (NCEI Accession 0209723), NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information [data set], https://doi.org/10.25921/44kh-zb66, 2020a.
Monacci, N. M., Cross, J. N., Mathis, J. T., Hopcroft, R. R., Naber, D., Shake, K. L., Trahanovsky, K., and Whitledge, T. E.: Discrete profile measurements of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), total alkalinity (TA), temperature, salinity, oxygen, nutrients and other parameters during the R/V Tiĝlax̂ Seward Line cruises TXS09 and TXF09 (EXPOCODEs: 33A020090503 and 33A020090914) in the Gulf of Alaska, North Pacific Ocean from 2009-05-03 to 2009-09-19 (NCEI Accession 0210032), NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information [data set], https://doi.org/10.25921/n43y-9r47, 2020b.
Monacci, N. M., Cross, J. N., Mathis, J. T., Hopcroft, R. R., Naber, D., Shake, K. L., Trahanovsky, K., and Whitledge, T. E.: Discrete profile measurements of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), total alkalinity (TA), temperature, salinity, oxygen, nutrients and other parameters during the R/V Norseman II and R/V Tiĝlax̂ Seward Line cruises N2S10 and TXF10 (EXPOCODEs: 32QO20100503 and 33A020100914) in the Gulf of Alaska, North Pacific Ocean from 2010-05-03 to 2010-09-18 (NCEI Accession 0210125), NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information [data set], https://doi.org/10.25921/avxr-m571, 2020c.
Monacci, N. M., Cross, J. N., Mathis, J. T., Hopcroft, R. R., Mordy, C., Shake, K. L., and Wisegarver, E.: Discrete profile measurements of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), total alkalinity (TA), temperature, salinity, oxygen, nutrients and Delta Oxygen-18 during the R/V Tiĝlax̂ Seward Line cruises TXS11 and TXF11 (EXPOCODEs: 33A020110506 and 33A020110915) in the Gulf of Alaska, North Pacific Ocean from 2011-05-06 to 2011-09-19 (NCEI Accession 0210127), NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information [data set], https://doi.org/10.25921/07yn-b044, 2020d.
Monacci, N. M., Cross, J. N., Mathis, J. T., Evans, W., Hopcroft, R. R., Naber, D., Shake, K. L., Trahanovsky, K., and Whitledge, T. E.: Discrete profile measurements of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), total alkalinity (TA), temperature, salinity, oxygen, nutrients and Delta Oxygen-18 during the R/V Tiĝlax̂ Seward Line cruises TXS12 and TXF12 (EXPOCODEs: 33A020120503 and 33A020120913) in the Gulf of Alaska, North Pacific Ocean from 2012-05-03 to 2012-09-18 (NCEI Accession 0210221), NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information [data set], https://doi.org/10.25921/mttc-gc63, 2020e.
Monacci, N. M., Cross, J. N., Hopcroft, R. R., and Mathis, J. T.: Discrete profile measurements of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), total alkalinity (TA), temperature, salinity, oxygen, nutrients and Delta Oxygen-18 during the R/V Tiĝlax̂ Seward Line cruises TXS13 and TXF13 (EXPOCODEs: 33A020130427 and 33A020130914) in the Gulf of Alaska, North Pacific Ocean from 2013-04-27 to 2013-09-26 (NCEI Accession 0210222), NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information [data set], https://doi.org/10.25921/n5dy-h455, 2020f.
Monacci, N. M., Cross, J. N., Hopcroft, R. R., and Mathis, J. T.: Discrete profile measurements of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), total alkalinity (TA), temperature, salinity, oxygen, nutrients and Delta Oxygen-18 during the R/V Tiĝlax̂ Seward Line cruises TXS14 and TXF14 (EXPOCODEs: 33A020140503 and 33A020140913) in the Gulf of Alaska, North Pacific Ocean from 2014-05-03 to 2014-09-19 (NCEI Accession 0210223), NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information [data set], https://doi.org/10.25921/ke3w-xp11, 2020g.
Monacci, N. M., Cross, J. N., Hopcroft, R. R., and Mathis, J. T.: Discrete profile measurements of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), total alkalinity (TA), temperature, salinity, oxygen, nutrients and other parameters during the R/V Tiĝlax̂ Seward Line cruises TXS15 and TXF15 (EXPOCODEs: 33A020150505 and 33A020150914) in the Gulf of Alaska, North Pacific Ocean from 2015-05-05 to 2015-09-20 (NCEI Accession 0210224), NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information [data set], https://doi.org/10.25921/r7kp-0j46, 2020h.
Monacci, N. M., Cross, J. N., Hopcroft, R. R., and Mathis, J. T.: Discrete profile measurements of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), total alkalinity (TA), temperature, salinity, oxygen, nutrients and other parameters during the R/V Tiĝlax̂ Seward Line cruises TXS16 and TXF16 (EXPOCODEs: 33A020160430 and 33A020160915) in the Gulf of Alaska, North Pacific Ocean from 2016-04-30 to 2016-09-20 (NCEI Accession 0210235), NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information [data set], https://doi.org/10.25921/ed32-3h29, 2020i.
Monacci, N. M., Cross, J. N., Hopcroft, R. R., and Mathis, J. T.: Discrete profile measurements of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), total alkalinity (TA), temperature, salinity, oxygen, nutrients and other parameters during the R/V Tiĝlax̂ Seward Line cruises TXS17 and TXF17 (EXPOCODEs: 33A020170501 and 33A020170916) in the Gulf of Alaska, North Pacific Ocean from 2017-05-01 to 2017-09-22 (NCEI Accession 0210236), NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information [data set], https://doi.org/10.25921/rvm1-vj65, 2020j.
Monacci, N. M., Bott, R., Cross, J. N., Maenner-Jones, S., Musielewicz, S., Osborne, J., and Sutton, A.: High-resolution ocean and atmosphere pCO2 time-series measurements from mooring GAKOA_149W_60N, NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information [data set], https://doi.org/10.3334/cdiac/otg.tsm_gakoa_149w_60n, 2022.
Monacci, N. M., Cross, J. N., Danielson, S. L., Evans, W., Hopcroft, R. R., Mathis, J. T., Mordy, C. W., Naber, D. D., Shake, K. L., Trahanovsky, K., Wang, H., Weingartner, T. J., and Whitledge, T. E.: Marine carbonate system discrete profile data from the Gulf of Alaska (GAK) Seward Line cruises between 2008 and 2017 (NCEI Accession 0277034), NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information [data set], https://doi.org/10.25921/x9sg-9b08, 2023.
Murphy, J. and Riley, J. P.: A modified single solution method for the determination of phosphate in natural waters, Anal. Chim. Acta, 27, 31–36, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-2670(00)88444-5, 1962.
National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS): Fisheries of the United States, 2020, U. S. Department of Commerce, NOAA, https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/national/sustainable-fisheries/fisheries-united-states (last access: 2 August 2023), 2022.
Olsen, A., Key, R. M., van Heuven, S., Lauvset, S. K., Velo, A., Lin, X., Schirnick, C., Kozyr, A., Tanhua, T., Hoppema, M., Jutterström, S., Steinfeldt, R., Jeansson, E., Ishii, M., Pérez, F. F., and Suzuki, T.: The Global Ocean Data Analysis Project version 2 (GLODAPv2) – an internally consistent data product for the world ocean, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 8, 297–323, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-8-297-2016, 2016.
Olsen, A., Key, R. M., Lauvset, S. K., Kozyr, A., Tanhua, T., Hoppema, M., Ishii, M., Jeansson, E., van Heuven, S. M. A. C., Jutterström, S., Schirnick, C., Steinfeldt, R., Suzuki, T., Lin, X., Velo, A., and Pérez, F. F.: Global Ocean Data Analysis Project, Version 2 (GLODAPv2) (NCEI Accession 0162565), Version 2, NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information [data set], https://doi.org/10.7289/v5kw5d97, 2017.
Orr, J. C., Epitalon, J.-M., and Gattuso, J.-P.: Comparison of ten packages that compute ocean carbonate chemistry, Biogeosciences, 12, 1483–1510, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-1483-2015, 2015.
Orr, J. C., Epitalon, J.-M., Dickson, A. G., and Gattuso, J.-P.: Routine uncertainty propagation for the marine carbon dioxide system, Mar. Chem., 207, 84–107, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2018.10.006, 2018.
Punt, A. E., Poljak, D., Dalton, M. G., and Foy, R. J.: Evaluating the impact of ocean acidification on fishery yields and profits: The example of red king crab in Bristol Bay, Ecol. Model., 285, 39–53, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2014.04.017, 2014.
Punt, A. E., Dalton, M. G., Cheng, W., Hermann, A. J., Holsman, K. K., Hurst, T. P., Ianelli, J. N., Kearney, K. A., McGilliard, C. R., Pilcher, D. J., and Véron, M.: Evaluating the impact of climate and demographic variation on future prospects for fish stocks: An application for northern rock sole in Alaska, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 189–190, 104951, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2021.104951, 2021.
Reed, R. K., Schumacher, J. D., and Incze, L. S.: Circulation in Shelikof Strait, Alaska, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 17, 1546–1554, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0485(1987)017%3C1546:CISSA%3E2.0.CO;2, 1987.
Reisdorph, S. C. and Mathis, J. T.: The dynamic controls on carbonate mineral saturation states and ocean acidification in a glacially dominated estuary, Estuar. Coast. Shelf S., 144, 8–18, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2014.03.018, 2014.
Royer, T. C.: Seasonal variations of waters in the northern Gulf of Alaska, Deep Sea Research and Oceanographic Abstracts, 22, 403–416, https://doi.org/10.1016/0011-7471(75)90062-5, 1975.
Royer, T. C. and Emery, W. J.: Circulation in the Gulf of Alaska, 1981, Deep-Sea Res., 34, 1361–1377, https://doi.org/10.1016/0198-0149(87)90132-4, 1987.
Sabine, C. L. and Tanhua, T.: Estimation of Anthropogenic CO2 Inventories in the Ocean, Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci., 2, 175–198, https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-marine-120308-080947, 2010.
Schlitzer, R., Ocean Data View, https://odv.awi.de (last access: 2 August 2023), 2022.
Schwing, F. B., O'Farrell, M., Steger, J., and Baltz, K.: Coastal Upwelling Indices, West Coast of North America, 1946–1995, Technical Report, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 28, https://swfsc-publications.fisheries.noaa.gov/publications/TM/SWFSC/NOAA-TM-NMFS-SWFSC-231.pdf (last access: 2 August 2023), 1996.
Seung, C. K., Dalton, M. G., Punt, A. E., Poljak, D., and Foy, R.: Economic Impacts Of Changes in an Alaska Crab Fishery from Ocean Acidification, Climate Change Economics, 6, 1550017, https://doi.org/10.1142/s2010007815500177, 2015.
Shake, K. L.: Hydrographic controls and seasonal variability on the carbonate system in the Northern Gulf of Alaska, M. S. thesis, College of Fisheries and Oceans Sciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK USA, 106 pp., https://scholarworks.alaska.edu/handle/11122/12691 (last access: 2 August 2023), 2011.
Sharp, J. D. and Byrne, R. H.: Technical note: Excess alkalinity in carbonate system reference materials, Mar. Chem., 233, 103965, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2021.103965, 2021.
Siedlecki, S. A., Pilcher, D. J., Hermann, A. J., Coyle, K., and Mathis, J.: The Importance of Freshwater to Spatial Variability of Aragonite Saturation State in the Gulf of Alaska, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 122, 8482–8502, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JC012791, 2017.
Stabeno, P. J., Bond, N. A., Hermann, A. J., Kachel, N. B., Mordy, C. W., and Overland, J. E.: Meteorology and oceanography of the Northern Gulf of Alaska, Cont. Shelf Res., 24, 859–897, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2004.02.007, 2004.
Sutton, A. J., Feely, R. A., Maenner-Jones, S., Musielwicz, S., Osborne, J., Dietrich, C., Monacci, N., Cross, J., Bott, R., Kozyr, A., Andersson, A. J., Bates, N. R., Cai, W.-J., Cronin, M. F., De Carlo, E. H., Hales, B., Howden, S. D., Lee, C. M., Manzello, D. P., McPhaden, M. J., Meléndez, M., Mickett, J. B., Newton, J. A., Noakes, S. E., Noh, J. H., Olafsdottir, S. R., Salisbury, J. E., Send, U., Trull, T. W., Vandemark, D. C., and Weller, R. A.: Autonomous seawater pCO2 and pH time series from 40 surface buoys and the emergence of anthropogenic trends, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 11, 421–439, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-421-2019, 2019.
Szymkowiak, M. and Steinkruger, A.: Alaska fishers attest to climate change impacts in discourse on resource management under marine heatwaves, Environ. Sci. Policy, 140, 261–270, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2022.12.019, 2023.
Takahashi, T., Sutherland, S. C., Sweeney, C., Poisson, A., Metzl, N., Tilbrook, B., Bates, N., Wanninkhof, R., Feely, R. A., Sabine, C., Olafsson, J., and Nojiri, Y.: Global sea-air CO2 flux based on climatological surface ocean pCO2, and seasonal biological and temperature effects, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 49, 1601–1622, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0645(02)00003-6, 2002.
Tanhua, T., van Heuven, S., Key, R. M., Velo, A., Olsen, A., and Schirnick, C.: Quality control procedures and methods of the CARINA database, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 2, 35–49, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2-35-2010, 2010.
Uppström, L. R.: The boron/chlorinity ratio of deep-sea water from the Pacific Ocean, Deep Sea Research and Oceanographic Abstracts, 21, 161–162, https://doi.org/10.1016/0011-7471(74)90074-6, 1974.
van Heuven, S., Pierrot, D., Rae, J. W. B., Lewis, E., and Wallace, 95 D. W. R.: MATLAB Program Developed for CO2 System Calculations, Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, U. S. Department of Energy [code], https://github.com/jamesorr/CO2SYS-MATLAB (last access: 23 January 2024), 2011.
Vannan, S., Downs, R. R., Meier, W., Wilson, B. E., and Gerasimov, I. V.: Data sets are foundational to research. Why don't we cite them?, Eos, 101, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020EO151665, 2020.
Wang, H., Lin, P., Pickart, R. S., and Cross, J. N.: Summer Surface CO2 Dynamics on the Bering Sea and Eastern Chukchi Sea Shelves From 1989 to 2019, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 127, e2021JC017424, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JC017424, 2022.
Weingartner, T. J., Danielson, S. L., and Royer, T. C.: Freshwater variability and predictability in the Alaska Coastal Current, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 52, 169–191, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2004.09.030, 2005.
Whitledge, T. E., Malloy, S. C., Patton, C. J., and Wirick, C. D.: Automated nutrient analyses in seawater, Brookhaven National Laboratory, https://doi.org/10.2172/5433901, 1981.
Winkler, L. W.: Die Bestimmung des im Wasser gelösten Sauerstoffes, Eur. J. Inorg. Chem., 21, 2843–2854, 1888.
Wright-LaGreca, M., Mackenzie, C., and Green, T. J.: Ocean Acidification Alters Developmental Timing and Gene Expression of Ion Transport Proteins During Larval Development in Resilient and Susceptible Lineages of the Pacific Oyster (Crassostrea gigas), Mar. Biotechnol., 24, 116–124, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10126-022-10090-7, 2022.
Zhang, J.-Z. and Ortner, P. B.: Effect of thawing condition on the recovery of reactive silicic acid from frozen natural water samples, Water Res., 32, 2553–2555, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(98)00005-0, 1998.
Short summary
As carbon dioxide is released into the air through human-generated activity, about one third dissolves into the surface water of oceans, lowering pH and increasing acidity. This is known as ocean acidification. We merged 10 years of ocean carbon data and made them publicly available for adaptation planning during a time of change. The data confirmed that Alaska is already experiencing the effects of ocean acidification due to naturally cold water, high productivity, and circulation patterns.
As carbon dioxide is released into the air through human-generated activity, about one third...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint