Articles | Volume 16, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-961-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-961-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Data description paper
| 
21 Feb 2024
Data description paper |
| 21 Feb 2024
| 21 Feb 2024
A quality-assured dataset of nine radiation components observed at the Shangdianzi regional GAW station in China (2013–2022)
Beijing Weather Forecast Centre, Beijing Meteorological Service, Beijing, 100097, China
Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
Institute of Urban Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing, 100089, China
Zhenfa Wang
Institute of Urban Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing, 100089, China
Lin Qiao
Beijing Weather Forecast Centre, Beijing Meteorological Service, Beijing, 100097, China
Xiangdong Zheng
Chinese Academy of Meteorological Science, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing, 100081, China
Junli Jin
Meteorological Observation Centre, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing, 100081, China
Yinruo Li
Beijing Weather Forecast Centre, Beijing Meteorological Service, Beijing, 100097, China
Xiaomei Yin
Beijing Weather Forecast Centre, Beijing Meteorological Service, Beijing, 100097, China
Zhiqiang Ma
Institute of Urban Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing, 100089, China
Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
Related authors
Pengfei Han, Ning Zeng, Bo Yao, Wen Zhang, Weijun Quan, Pucai Wang, Ting Wang, Minqiang Zhou, Qixiang Cai, Yuzhong Zhang, Ruosi Liang, Wanqi Sun, and Shengxiang Liu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 4965–4988, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-4965-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-4965-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Methane (CH4) is a potent greenhouse gas. Northern China contributes a large proportion of CH4 emissions, yet large observation gaps exist. Here we compiled a comprehensive dataset, which is publicly available, that includes ground-based, satellite-based, inventory, and modeling results to show the CH4 concentrations, enhancements, and spatial–temporal variations. The data can benefit the research community and policy-makers for future observations, atmospheric inversions, and policy-making.
Junli Yang, Weijun Quan, Li Zhang, Jianglin Hu, Qiying Chen, and Martin Wild
Geosci. Model Dev. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2024-74, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2024-74, 2024
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
Due to the difficulties involved in the measurements of the Downward long-wave irradiance (DnLWI), the numerical weather prediction (NWP) models have been developed to obtain the DnLWI indirectly. In this study, a long-term high time-resolution (1 min) observational dataset of the DnLWI in China was used to evaluate the radiation scheme in the CMA-MESO model over various underlying surfaces and climate zones.
Junli Yang, Jianglin Hu, Qiying Chen, and Weijun Quan
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 4419–4430, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-4419-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-4419-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Downward long-wave radiation (DLR) affects energy exchange between the land surface and the atmosphere, while it is seldom observed at conventional radiation stations. Therefore, parameterization of DLR based on the near-surface meteorological variables provides a chance to estimate the DLR over most meteorological stations. This work established three parameterizations suited to estimating the DLR over China by using the measurements from the CBSRN with an accuracy of ~6.1 %.
Chenghao Xu, Jintai Lin, Hao Kong, Junli Jin, Lulu Chen, and Xiaobin Xu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 9545–9560, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-9545-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-9545-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We observed a strong increase in deseasonalized ozone at urban stations in the Tibetan Plateau from 2015 to 2019, far exceeding the trend at the baseline station Waliguan and the Tibetan Plateau average trend of four tropospheric ozone products. By combining multiple datasets and modeling approaches, we identified the main contributing factors as more frequent transport passing through the lower layers of high-emission regions and the increase in local and non-local anthropogenic emissions.
Qinghe Cai, Dongqing Fang, Junli Jin, Xiaoyu Hu, Yuxuan Cao, Tianyi Zhao, Yang Bai, and Yang Zhang
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-626, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-626, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study analyzed PM10 and oxidative potential (OP) in 12 Chinese regions (June 2022–May 2023) using Convolutional Neural Networks and Long Short-Term Memory networks (CNN-LSTM) and Positive Matrix Factorization(PMF). PM10 was higher in the northwest and lower in the northeast, with urban areas showing higher OP. Main sources included dust, biomass burning, traffic emissions, and agricultural activities, with traffic as the key OP contributor.
Pengfei Han, Ning Zeng, Bo Yao, Wen Zhang, Weijun Quan, Pucai Wang, Ting Wang, Minqiang Zhou, Qixiang Cai, Yuzhong Zhang, Ruosi Liang, Wanqi Sun, and Shengxiang Liu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 4965–4988, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-4965-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-4965-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Methane (CH4) is a potent greenhouse gas. Northern China contributes a large proportion of CH4 emissions, yet large observation gaps exist. Here we compiled a comprehensive dataset, which is publicly available, that includes ground-based, satellite-based, inventory, and modeling results to show the CH4 concentrations, enhancements, and spatial–temporal variations. The data can benefit the research community and policy-makers for future observations, atmospheric inversions, and policy-making.
Zhiheng Liao, Jinqiang Zhang, Meng Gao, and Zhiqiang Ma
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-15, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-15, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We present observational evidence for widespread SI influence on surface ozone pollution from western plateaus to eastern plains over China in a deep trough event based on multi-site ozonesondes, nationwide surface ozone measurements, and fully-validate atmospheric ozone reanalsyis. The observational results refine the fundamental understanding of stratospheric ozone intrusion and its contribution to surface ozone pollution in China.
Ke Li, Rong Tan, Wenhao Qiao, Taegyung Lee, Yufen Wang, Danyuting Zhang, Minglong Tang, Wenqing Zhao, Yixuan Gu, Shaojia Fan, Jinqiang Zhang, Xiaopu Lyu, Likun Xue, Jianming Xu, Zhiqiang Ma, Mohd Talib Latif, Teerachai Amnuaylojaroen, Junsu Gil, Mee-Hye Lee, Juseon Bak, Joowan Kim, Hong Liao, Yugo Kanaya, Xiao Lu, Tatsuya Nagashima, and Ja-Ho Koo
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3756, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3756, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
East Asia and Southeast Asia has been identified as a global hot spot with the fastest ozone increase. This paper presents the most comprehensive observational view of ozone distributions and evolution over East Asia and Southeast Asia across different spatiotemporal scales in the past two decades, which will have important implications for assessing ozone impacts on public health and crop yields, and for developing future ozone control strategies.
Ziru Lan, Xiaoyi Zhang, Weili Lin, Xiaobin Xu, Zhiqiang Ma, Jun Jin, Lingyan Wu, and Yangmei Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 9355–9368, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9355-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9355-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Our study examined the long-term trends of atmospheric ammonia in urban Beijing from 2009 to 2020. We found that the trends did not match satellite data or emission estimates, revealing complexities in ammonia sources. While seasonal variations in ammonia were temperature-dependent, daily variations were correlated with water vapor. We also found an increasing contribution of ammonia reduction, emphasizing its importance in mitigating the effects of fine particulate matter in Beijing.
Lucas Ferreira Correa, Doris Folini, Boriana Chtirkova, and Martin Wild
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 8797–8819, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8797-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8797-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated the causes of the decadal trends of solar radiation measured at 34 stations in Brazil in the first 2 decades of the 21st century. We observed strong negative trends in north and northeast Brazil associated with changes in both atmospheric absorption (anthropogenic) and cloud cover (natural). In other parts of the country no strong trends were observed as a result of competing effects. This provides a better understanding of the energy balance in the region.
Junli Yang, Weijun Quan, Li Zhang, Jianglin Hu, Qiying Chen, and Martin Wild
Geosci. Model Dev. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2024-74, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2024-74, 2024
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
Due to the difficulties involved in the measurements of the Downward long-wave irradiance (DnLWI), the numerical weather prediction (NWP) models have been developed to obtain the DnLWI indirectly. In this study, a long-term high time-resolution (1 min) observational dataset of the DnLWI in China was used to evaluate the radiation scheme in the CMA-MESO model over various underlying surfaces and climate zones.
Boyang Jiao, Yucheng Su, Qingxiang Li, Veronica Manara, and Martin Wild
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 4519–4535, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-4519-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-4519-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This paper develops an observational integrated and homogenized global-terrestrial (except for Antarctica) SSRIH station. This is interpolated into a 5° × 5° SSRIH grid and reconstructed into a long-term (1955–2018) global land (except for Antarctica) 5° × 2.5° SSR anomaly dataset (SSRIH20CR) by an improved partial convolutional neural network deep-learning method. SSRIH20CR yields trends of −1.276 W m−2 per decade over the dimming period and 0.697 W m−2 per decade over the brightening period.
Wanyun Xu, Yuxuan Bian, Weili Lin, Yingjie Zhang, Yaru Wang, Zhiqiang Ma, Xiaoyi Zhang, Gen Zhang, Chunxiang Ye, and Xiaobin Xu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 7635–7652, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7635-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7635-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Tropospheric ozone (O3) and peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) are both photochemical pollutants harmful to the ecological environment and human health, especially in the Tibetan Plateau (TP). However, the factors determining their variations in the TP have not been comprehensively investigated. Results from field measurements and observation-based models revealed that day-to-day variations in O3 and PAN were in fact controlled by distinct physiochemical processes.
Junli Yang, Jianglin Hu, Qiying Chen, and Weijun Quan
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 4419–4430, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-4419-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-4419-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Downward long-wave radiation (DLR) affects energy exchange between the land surface and the atmosphere, while it is seldom observed at conventional radiation stations. Therefore, parameterization of DLR based on the near-surface meteorological variables provides a chance to estimate the DLR over most meteorological stations. This work established three parameterizations suited to estimating the DLR over China by using the measurements from the CBSRN with an accuracy of ~6.1 %.
Qiuyan Wang, Hua Zhang, Su Yang, Qi Chen, Xixun Zhou, Bing Xie, Yuying Wang, Guangyu Shi, and Martin Wild
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 15867–15886, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-15867-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-15867-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The present-day land energy balance over East Asia is estimated for the first time. Results indicate that high aerosol loadings, clouds, and the Tibet Plateau (TP) over East Asia play vital roles in the shortwave budgets, while the TP is responsible for the longwave budgets during this regional energy budget assessment. This study provides a perspective to understand fully how the potential factors influence the diversifying regional energy budget assessments.
Johannes Quaas, Hailing Jia, Chris Smith, Anna Lea Albright, Wenche Aas, Nicolas Bellouin, Olivier Boucher, Marie Doutriaux-Boucher, Piers M. Forster, Daniel Grosvenor, Stuart Jenkins, Zbigniew Klimont, Norman G. Loeb, Xiaoyan Ma, Vaishali Naik, Fabien Paulot, Philip Stier, Martin Wild, Gunnar Myhre, and Michael Schulz
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 12221–12239, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12221-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12221-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Pollution particles cool climate and offset part of the global warming. However, they are washed out by rain and thus their effect responds quickly to changes in emissions. We show multiple datasets to demonstrate that aerosol emissions and their concentrations declined in many regions influenced by human emissions, as did the effects on clouds. Consequently, the cooling impact on the Earth energy budget became smaller. This change in trend implies a relative warming.
Xueli Liu, Liang Ran, Weili Lin, Xiaobin Xu, Zhiqiang Ma, Fan Dong, Di He, Liyan Zhou, Qingfeng Shi, and Yao Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 7071–7085, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7071-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7071-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Significant decreases in annual mean NOx from 2011 to 2016 and SO2 from 2008 to 2016 confirm the effectiveness of relevant control measures on the reduction in NOx and SO2 emissions in the North China Plain (NCP). NOx at SDZ had a weaker influence than SO2 on the emission reduction in Beijing and other areas in the NCP. An increase in the number of motor vehicles and weak traffic restrictions have caused vehicle emissions of NOx, which indicates that NOx emission control should be strengthened.
Yulu Qiu, Zhiqiang Ma, Ke Li, Mengyu Huang, Jiujiang Sheng, Ping Tian, Jia Zhu, Weiwei Pu, Yingxiao Tang, Tingting Han, Huaigang Zhou, and Hong Liao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 17995–18010, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-17995-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-17995-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Photochemical pollution over the North China Plain (NCP) is attracting much concern. Our observations at a rural site in the NCP identified high peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) concentrations, even on cold days. Increased acetaldehyde concentration and hydroxyl radical production rates drive fast PAN formation. Moreover, our study emphasizes the importance of formaldehyde photolysis in PAN formation and calls for implementing strict volatile organic compound controls after summer over the NCP.
Xinyuan Hou, Martin Wild, Doris Folini, Stelios Kazadzis, and Jan Wohland
Earth Syst. Dynam., 12, 1099–1113, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-12-1099-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-12-1099-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Solar photovoltaics (PV) matters for the carbon neutrality goal. We use climate scenarios to quantify climate risk for PV in Europe and find higher PV potential. The seasonal cycle of PV generation changes in most places. We find an increase in the spatial correlations of daily PV production, implying that PV power balancing through redistribution will be more difficult in the future. Thus, changes in the spatiotemporal structure of PV generation should be included in power system design.
Marcia Akemi Yamasoe, Nilton Manuel Évora Rosário, Samantha Novaes Santos Martins Almeida, and Martin Wild
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 6593–6603, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-6593-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-6593-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Spatio-temporal disparity to assess global dimming and brightening phenomena has been a critical topic. For instance, few studies addressed surface solar irradiation (SSR) long-term trend in South America. In this study, SSR, sunshine duration (SD) and the diurnal temperature range (DTR) are analysed for São Paulo, Brazil. We found a dimming phase, identified by SSR, SD and DTR, extending till 1983. Then, while SSR is still declining, consistent with cloud increasing, SD and DTR are increasing.
Ziru Lan, Weili Lin, Weiwei Pu, and Zhiqiang Ma
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 4561–4573, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-4561-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-4561-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Haze related to particulate matter has become a big problem in eastern China, and ammonia (NH3) plays an important role in secondary particulate matter formation. In this work, variations in the NH3 mixing ratio showed that the contributions of NH3 sources and sinks in urban and suburban areas were quite different, although the areas were under the influence of similar weather systems. This study furthers the understanding of the behavior of NH3 in a megacity environment.
Tie Dai, Yueming Cheng, Daisuke Goto, Yingruo Li, Xiao Tang, Guangyu Shi, and Teruyuki Nakajima
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 4357–4379, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-4357-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-4357-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The anthropogenic emission of sulfur dioxide (SO2) over China has significantly declined as a consequence of the clean air actions. We have developed a new emission inversion system to dynamically update the SO2 emission grid by grid over China by assimilating ground-based SO2 observations. The inverted SO2 emission over China in November 2016 on average had declined by 49.4 % since 2010, which is well in agreement with the bottom-up estimation of 48.0 %.
Jan-Lukas Tirpitz, Udo Frieß, François Hendrick, Carlos Alberti, Marc Allaart, Arnoud Apituley, Alkis Bais, Steffen Beirle, Stijn Berkhout, Kristof Bognar, Tim Bösch, Ilya Bruchkouski, Alexander Cede, Ka Lok Chan, Mirjam den Hoed, Sebastian Donner, Theano Drosoglou, Caroline Fayt, Martina M. Friedrich, Arnoud Frumau, Lou Gast, Clio Gielen, Laura Gomez-Martín, Nan Hao, Arjan Hensen, Bas Henzing, Christian Hermans, Junli Jin, Karin Kreher, Jonas Kuhn, Johannes Lampel, Ang Li, Cheng Liu, Haoran Liu, Jianzhong Ma, Alexis Merlaud, Enno Peters, Gaia Pinardi, Ankie Piters, Ulrich Platt, Olga Puentedura, Andreas Richter, Stefan Schmitt, Elena Spinei, Deborah Stein Zweers, Kimberly Strong, Daan Swart, Frederik Tack, Martin Tiefengraber, René van der Hoff, Michel van Roozendael, Tim Vlemmix, Jan Vonk, Thomas Wagner, Yang Wang, Zhuoru Wang, Mark Wenig, Matthias Wiegner, Folkard Wittrock, Pinhua Xie, Chengzhi Xing, Jin Xu, Margarita Yela, Chengxin Zhang, and Xiaoyi Zhao
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 1–35, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-1-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-1-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Multi-axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) is a ground-based remote sensing measurement technique that derives atmospheric aerosol and trace gas vertical profiles from skylight spectra. In this study, consistency and reliability of MAX-DOAS profiles are assessed by applying nine different evaluation algorithms to spectral data recorded during an intercomparison campaign in the Netherlands and by comparing the results to colocated supporting observations.
Kine Onsum Moseid, Michael Schulz, Trude Storelvmo, Ingeborg Rian Julsrud, Dirk Olivié, Pierre Nabat, Martin Wild, Jason N. S. Cole, Toshihiko Takemura, Naga Oshima, Susanne E. Bauer, and Guillaume Gastineau
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 16023–16040, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-16023-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-16023-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
In this study we compare solar radiation at the surface from observations and Earth system models from 1961 to 2014. We find that the models do not reproduce the so-called
global dimmingas found in observations. Only model experiments with anthropogenic aerosol emissions display any dimming at all. The discrepancies between observations and models are largest in China, which we suggest is in part due to erroneous aerosol precursor emission inventories in the emission dataset used for CMIP6.
Yang Wang, Arnoud Apituley, Alkiviadis Bais, Steffen Beirle, Nuria Benavent, Alexander Borovski, Ilya Bruchkouski, Ka Lok Chan, Sebastian Donner, Theano Drosoglou, Henning Finkenzeller, Martina M. Friedrich, Udo Frieß, David Garcia-Nieto, Laura Gómez-Martín, François Hendrick, Andreas Hilboll, Junli Jin, Paul Johnston, Theodore K. Koenig, Karin Kreher, Vinod Kumar, Aleksandra Kyuberis, Johannes Lampel, Cheng Liu, Haoran Liu, Jianzhong Ma, Oleg L. Polyansky, Oleg Postylyakov, Richard Querel, Alfonso Saiz-Lopez, Stefan Schmitt, Xin Tian, Jan-Lukas Tirpitz, Michel Van Roozendael, Rainer Volkamer, Zhuoru Wang, Pinhua Xie, Chengzhi Xing, Jin Xu, Margarita Yela, Chengxin Zhang, and Thomas Wagner
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 5087–5116, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-5087-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-5087-2020, 2020
Xinghong Cheng, Jianzhong Ma, Junli Jin, Junrang Guo, Yuelin Liu, Jida Peng, Xiaodan Ma, Minglong Qian, Qiang Xia, and Peng Yan
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 10757–10774, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-10757-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-10757-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We carried out 19 city-circle-around Car MAX-DOAS experiments on the 6th Ring Road of Beijing in Jan, Sep, and Oct 2014. The tropospheric VCDs of NO2 are retrieved and their temporal and spatial distributions are investigated. Then the NOx emission rates in urban Beijing are estimated using the measured NO2 VCDs together with the refined wind fields, NO2-to-NOx ratios, and NO2 lifetimes simulated by the LAPS-WRF-CMAQ model system, and results are compared with the MEIC inventory in 2012.
Cited articles
Ackerman, T. P. and Stokes, G. M.: The atmospheric radiation measurement program, Phys. Today, 56, 38–44, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1554135, 2003.
Augustine, J. A., DeLuisi, J. J., and Long, C. N.: SURFRAD–A national surface radiation budget network for atmospheric research, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 81, 2341–2357, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0477(2000)081<2341:SANSRB>2.3.CO;2, 2000.
Bai, J. H., de Leeuw, G., van der A, R., De Smedt, I., Theys, N., Roozendael, M. V., Sogacheva, L., and Chai, W. H.: Variations and photochemical transformations of atmospheric constituents in North China, Atmos. Environ., 189, 213–226, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2018.07.004, 2018.
Berk, A., Anderson, G. P., Acharya, P. K., Chetwynd, J. H., Bernstein, L. S., Shettle, E. P., Matthew, M. W., and Adler-Golden, S. M.: MODTRAN4 User's Manual, Air Force Research Laboratory, North Andover, MA, USA, 94 pp., https://www.docin.com/p-635510257.html (last access: 23 February 2022), 1999.
Brunt, D.: Notes on radiation in the atmosphere, Q. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 58, 389–418, https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.49705824704, 1932.
Che, H. Z., Shi, G. Y., Zhang, X. Y., Arimoto, R., Zhao, J. Q., Xu, L., Wang, B., and Chen, Z. H.: Analysis of 40 years of solar radiation data from China, 1961–2000, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L06803, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004GL022322, 2005.
Che, H. Z., Shi, G. Y., Zhang, X. Y., Zhao, J. Q., and Li, Y.: Analysis of sky conditions using 40 year records of solar radiation data in China, Theor. Appl. Climatol., 89, 83–94, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-006-0258-0, 2007.
Cheng, X. H., Zhang, X. L., Zheng, X. D., Zhou, H. G., and Li, D. P.: Characteristics of thermal offset of a precision spectral pyranometer (PSP) and its error in global solar radiation measurement, Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica, 30, 19–26, 2009 (in Chinese).
CMA: Observation service specification for baseline surface radiation, User Manual, v2207, Beijing, China, 59 pp., 2007 (in Chinese).
CSI: Instruction manual for LI190SB quantum sensor, Campbell Scientific, Inc., Utah, U. S. A., 30 pp., https://s.campbellsci.com/documents/us/manuals/li190sb.pdf (last access: 20 October 2022), 2015.
Driemel, A., Augustine, J., Behrens, K., Colle, S., Cox, C., Cuevas-Agulló, E., Denn, F. M., Duprat, T., Fukuda, M., Grobe, H., Haeffelin, M., Hodges, G., Hyett, N., Ijima, O., Kallis, A., Knap, W., Kustov, V., Long, C. N., Longenecker, D., Lupi, A., Maturilli, M., Mimouni, M., Ntsangwane, L., Ogihara, H., Olano, X., Olefs, M., Omori, M., Passamani, L., Pereira, E. B., Schmithüsen, H., Schumacher, S., Sieger, R., Tamlyn, J., Vogt, R., Vuilleumier, L., Xia, X., Ohmura, A., and König-Langlo, G.: Baseline Surface Radiation Network (BSRN): structure and data description (1992–2017), Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 10, 1491–1501, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-1491-2018, 2018.
Dutton, E. G.: Annual forcing of the surface radiation balance diurnal cycle measured from a high tower near Boulder, Colorado, J. Climate, 3, 1400–1408, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(1990)003<1400:AFOTSR>2.0.CO;2, 1990.
Enz, J. W., Klink, J. C., and Baker, D.: Solar radiation effects on pyrgeometer performance, J. Appl. Meteorol. Clim., 14, 1297–1302, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(1975)014<1297:SREOPP>2.0.CO;2, 1975.
Fu, D. S., Song, Z. J., Zhang, X. L., Wu, Y. F., Duan, M. Z. Pu, W. W., Ma, Z. Q., Quan, W. J. Zhou, H. G., Che, H. Z., and Xia, X. A.: Similarities and differences in the temporal variability of PM2.5 and AOD between urban and rural stations in Beijing, Remote Sens., 12, 1193, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12071193, 2020.
García, O. E., Díaz, A. M., Expósito, F. J., Díaz, J. P., Dubovik, O., Dubuisson, P., Roger, J. C., Eck, T. F., Sinyuk, A., Derimian, Y., Dutton, E. G., Schafer, J. S., Holben, B. N., and García, C. A.: Validation of AERONET estimates of atmospheric solar fluxes and aerosol radiative forcing by ground-based broadband measurements, J. Geophys. Res., 113, D21207, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JD010211, 2008.
García, R. D., García, O. E., Cuevas, E., Cachorro, V. E., Romero-Campos, P. M., Ramos, R., and de Frutos, A. M.: Solar radiation measurements compared to simulations at the BSRN Izaña station: Mineral dust radiative forcing and efficiency study, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 119, 179–194, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JD020301, 2014.
García, R. D., Barreto, A., Cuevas, E., Gröbner, J., García, O. E., Gómez-Peláez, A., Romero-Campos, P. M., Redondas, A., Cachorro, V. E., and Ramos, R.: Comparison of observed and modeled cloud-free longwave downward radiation (2010–2016) at the high mountain BSRN Izaña station, Geosci. Model Dev., 11, 2139–2152, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-2139-2018, 2018.
Gueymard, C. A. and Ruiz-Arias, J. A.: Extensive worldwide validation and climate sensitivity analysis of direct irradiance predictions from 10-min global irradiance, Sol. Energy, 128, 1–30, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2015.10.010, 2016.
Gupta, S. K., Kratz, D. P., Wilber, A. C., and Nguyen, L. C.: Validation of parameterized algorithms used to derive TRMM-CERES surface radiative fluxes, J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 21, 742–752, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0426(2004)021<0742:vopaut>2.0.co;2, 2004.
Hu, B., Wang, Y. S., and Liu, G. R.: Spatiotemporal characteristic of photosynthetically active radiation in China, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D14106, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JD007965, 2007a.
Hu, B., Wang, Y. S., and Liu, G. R.: Ultraviolet radiation spatio-temporal characteristics derived from the ground-based measurements taken in China, Atmos. Environ., 41, 5707–5718, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.02.044, 2007b.
Hu, B., Wang, Y. S., and Liu, G. R.: Relationship between net radiation and broadband solar radiation in the Tibetan Plateau, Adv. Atmos. Sci., 29, 135–143, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-011-0221-6, 2012.
Huang, J. P., Zhang, W., Zuo, J. Q., Bi, J. R., Shi, J. S., Wang, X., Chang, Z. L., Huang, Z. W., Yang, S., Zhang, B. D., Wang, G. Y., Feng, G. H., Yuan, J. Y., Zhang, L., Zuo, H. C., Wang, S. G., Fu, C. B., and Chou, J. F.: An overview of the semi-arid climate and environment research observatory over the Loess Plateau, Adv. Atmos. Sci., 25, 906–921, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-008-0906-7, 2008.
Huang, C. L., Shi, H. R., Gao, L., Liu, M. Q., Chen, Q. X., Fu, D. S., Wang, S., Yuan, Y., and Xia, X. A.: Fengyun-4 Geostationary satellite-based solar energy nowcasting system and its application in North China, Adv. Atmos. Sci., 39, 1316–1328, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-022-1464-0, 2022.
Hukseflux: User manual IR02 pyrgeometer with heater, User mannual, v2207, 43 pp., Hukseflux Thermal Sensors B. V., Delftechpark 31, 2628 XJ Delft, the Netherlands, https://www.hukseflux.com/uploads/product-documents/IR02_manual_v2208.pdf (last access: 25 January 2022), 2022.
Iqbal, M.: An Introduction to Solar Radiation, Academic Press, Ontario, Canada, 390 pp., ISBN 0123737508, 1983.
Journée, M. and Bertrand, C.: Quality control of solar data with the RMIB solar measurements network, Sol. Energy, 85, 72–86, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2010.10.021, 2011.
Kipp & Zonen: Broadband UV radiometers for the accurate measurement of solar ultraviolet radiation, Kipp & Zonen B.V., Delft, the Netherlands, 4 pp., http://www.kippzonen.com/ProductGroup/11/UV-Radiometers (last access: 1 March 2023), 2012.
Kipp & Zonen: Instruction manual for CMP series: Pyranometer, Kipp & Zonen B.V., Delft, the Netherlands, 28 pp., https://www.kippzonen.com/Download/72/Manual-Pyranometers-CMP-series-English?ShowInfo=true (last access: 2 August 2022), 2016.
Kratz, D. P., Gupta, S. K., Wilber, A. C., and Sothcott, V. E.: Validation of the CERES edition 2B surface-only flux algorithms, J. Appl. Meteorol. Clim., 49, 164–180, https://doi.org/10.1175/2009JAMC2246.1, 2010.
Li, F., Ji, C. L., Mo, Y. Q., and Guo, Z. J.: Examination and evaluation of integrality and rationality of China basic radiation station data, Plateau Meteorol., 32, 1203–1213, http://www.gyqx.ac.cn/CN/10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2012.00113 (last access: 18 September 2022), 2013 (in Chinese).
Li, X. L., Quan, W. J., Wang, D. D., and Wang, D.: Comparison of visibility measurements using DNQ1 and FD12 visibility meters and their major influencing factors, J. Meteor. Environ., 37, 25–32, http://www.jme1984.net.cn/CN/10.3969/j.issn.1673-503X.2021.03.004 (last access: 8 January 2023), 2021 (in Chinese).
Li, Z. Q., Leighton, H. G., Masuda, K., and Takashima, T.: Estimation of SW flux absorbed at the surface from TOA reflected flux, J. Climate, 6, 317–330, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(1993)006<0317:EOSFAA>2.0.CO;2, 1993.
Liao, X. H., Feng, Z. M., Gao, X., Sun, H. L., Sun, J. L., Yu, G. R., Dai, E. F., Zhan, C. S., Ma, Z. Q., Yu, X. B., He, H. L., Yang, Y. P., Liu, R. G., Dai, J. H., Liu, C., and Wang, J. L.: The development of field scientific observation and research stations (networks) and scientific data centers, Acta Geogr. Sin., 75, 2669–2683, 2020 (in Chinese).
Liu, M. Q., Xia, X. A., Fu, D. S., and Zhang, J. Q.: Development and validation of machine-learning clear-sky detection method using 1 min irradiance data and sky imagers at a polluted suburban site, Xianghe, Remote Sens., 13, 3763, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13183763, 2021.
Liu, M. Q., Zhang, J. Q., Shi, H. R., Fu, D. S., and Xia, X. A.: Data-driven estimation of cloud effects on surface irradiance at Xianghe, a suburban site on the North China Plain, Adv. Atmos. Sci., 39, 2213–2223, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-022-1414-x, 2022.
Liu, M. Q., Fan, X. H., Xia, X. A., Zhang, J. Q., and Li, J.: Value-added products derived from 15 years of high-quality surface solar radiation measurements at Xianghe, a suburban site in the North China Plain, Adv. Atmos. Sci., 40, 1132–1141, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-022-2205-0, 2023.
Liu, Y. H., Quan, W. J., Xia, X. A., and Guo, W. L.: Net surface solar radiation in the clear sky based on MODTRAN model and satellite data, Plateau Meteorol., 27, 1410–1415, 2008 (in Chinese).
Long, C. N. and Dutton, E. G.: BSRN global network recommended QC tests, V2.0, BSRN Technical Report, 3 pp., http://hdl.handle.net/10013/epic.38770.d001 (last access: 10 December 2022), 2002.
Long, C. N. and Shi, Y.: An automated quality assessment and control algorithm for surface radiation measurements, Open Atmos. Sci. J., 2, 23–37, https://doi.org/10.2174/1874282300802010023, 2008.
Masuda, K., Leighton, H. G., and Li, Z. Q.: A new parameterization for the determination of solar flux absorbed at the surface from satellite measurements, J. Climate, 8, 1615–1629, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(1995)008<1615:ANPFTD>2.0.CO;2, 1995.
McArthur, L. J. B.: Baseline Surface Radiation Network (BSRN) – Operation Manual Version 2.1, WMO/TD-No. 1274, WMO, Geneva, Switzerland, 176 pp., https://epic.awi.de/id/eprint/45991/ (last access: 26 December 2021), 2005.
Michalsky, J., Dutton, E., Rubes, M., Nelson, D., Stoffel, T., Wesley, M., Splitt, M., and Deluisi, J.: Optimal measurement of surface shortwave irradiance using current instrumentation, J. Atmos. Ocean Tech., 16, 55–69, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0426(1999)016<0055:OMOSSI>2.0.CO;2, 1999.
Mol, W. B., Knap, W. H., and van Heerwaarden, C. C.: Ten years of 1 Hz solar irradiance observations at Cabauw, the Netherlands, with cloud observations, variability classifications, and statistics, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 2139–2151, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2139-2023, 2023.
Nie, X. H., Nie, Y. M., Nie, J. H., and Jiang, L. X.: The principle for measuring available photosynthetic radiation and related conversion of units, J. Shandong Agr. Univ., 23, 247–253, 1992 (in Chinese).
Nowak, D., Vuilleumier, L., Long, C. N., and Ohmura, A.: Solar irradiance computations compared with observations at the Baseline Surface Radiation Network Payerne site, J. Geophys. Res., 113, D14206, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JD009441, 2008.
Ohmura, A., Dutton, E. G., Forgan, B., Fröhlich, C., Gilgen, H., Hegner, H., Heimo, A., König-Langlo, G., McArthur, B., Müller, G., Philipona, R., Pinker, R., Whitlock, C. H., Dehne, K., and Wild, M.: Baseline surface radiation network (BSRN/WCRP): New precision radiometry for climate research, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 79, 2115–2136, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0477(1998)079<2115:BSRNBW>2.0.CO;2, 1998.
Opálková, M., Burda, M., Navrátil, M., and Spunda, V.: Influence of air pollution to incident photosynthetically active radiation during clear sky conditions in Ostrava, Czech Republic, Atmos. Environ., 215, 116910, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2019.116910, 2019.
Papaioannou, G., Papanikolaou, N., and Retalis, D.: Relationships of photosynthetically active radiation and shortwave irradiance, Theor. Appl. Climatol., 48, 23–27, https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-1571(76)90080-7, 1993.
Peppler, R. A., Long, C. N., Sisterson, D. L., Turner, D. D., Bahrmann, C. P., Christensen, S. W., Doty, K. J., Eagan, R. C., Halter, T. D., Ivey, M. D., Keck, N. N., Kehoe, K. E., Liljegren, J. C., Macduff, M. C., Mather, J. H., McCord, R. A., Monroe, J. M., Moore, S. T., Nitschke, K. L., Orr, B. W., Perez, R. C., Perkins, B. D., Richardson, S. J., Sonntag, K. L., and Voyles, J. W.: An overview of ARM program climate research facility data quality assurance, Open Atmos. Sci., 2, 192–216, https://doi.org/10.2174/1874282300802010192, 2008.
Philipona, R.: Underestimation of solar global and diffuse radiation measured at Earth's surface, J. Geophys. Res., 107, 4654, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JD002396, 2002.
Philipona, R., Fröhlich, C., Dehne, K., DeLuisi, J., Augustine, J., Dutton, E., Nelson, D., Forgan, B., Novotny, P., Hickey, J., Love, S. P., Bender, S., McArthur, B., Ohmura, A., Seymour, J. H., Foot, J. S., Shiobara, M., Valero, F. P. J., and Strawa, A. W.: The baseline surface radiation network pyrgeometer round-robin calibration experiment, J. Geophys. Res., 107, 4654, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JD002396, 1998.
PMOD/WRC: Annual Report 2021, Davos, Switzerland, 68 pp., https://www.pmodwrc.ch/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/2021_PMODWRC_Annual_Report.pdf, lass access: 12 September 2022.
Quan, J. M., Ding, L., Zheng, X. D., Yang, Y., and Wang, D.: Comparison between two field calibration methods of pyranometer, Meteor. Mon., 36, 116–119, http://qxqk.nmc.cn/html/2010/9/20100919.html (last access: 15 August 2022), 2010 (in Chinese).
Quan, W. J. and Wang, Z. F.: Radiation data set of Beijing Shangdianzi atmospheric background station in 2016, National Cryosphere Desert Data Center [data set], https://doi.org/10.12072/SDZRAW.001.2017.db, 2017.
Quan, W. J. and Wang, Z. F.: Beijing Shangdianzi station reference radiation data set in 2017, National Cryosphere Desert Data Center [data set], https://doi.org/10.12072/SDZRAW.003.2018.db, 2018.
Quan, W. J., Chen, H. B., Gao, Y. H., Guo, W. L., and Liu, Y. H.: The quality evaluation of solar radiation data measured in Shangdianzi background station, Plateau Meteorol., 28, 136–142, 2009a (in Chinese).
Quan, W. J., Chen, H. B., Guo, W. L., Xia, X. A., and Zhang, X. L.: Net surface solar radiation over Beijing area derived by two parameterization models: A comparison, Acta Meteorol. Sinica, 67, 623–630, 2009b (in Chinese).
Quan, W. J., Yao, B., Liu, W. D., Liu, P., Zhang, X. C., Song, Q. L., Ma, Q. L., Ma, Z. Q., Qiao, L., and Che, H. Z.: The innovative development of atmospheric background stations in China: Thoughts and recommendations, Chin. Sci. Bull., 66, 2367–2378, https://doi.org/10.1360/TB-2020-0692, 2021 (in Chinese).
Quan, W. J., Ma, Z. Q., Li, Z. M., Li, X. L., Li, Y. R., Xia, X. A., Zhou, H. G., Zhao, H. J., Wang, Z. F., Pu, W. W., Dong, F., He, D., Zhou, L. Y., Shi, Q. F., Wang, W. Y., and Jia, F.: Variation in sunshine duration and related aerosol influences at Shangdianzi GAW station, China: 1958–2021, J. Meteorol. Res., 37, 551–563, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13351-023-2196-5, 2023a.
Quan, W. J., Wang, Z. F., and Ma, Z. Q.: Nine radiation components observed at the Shangdianzi regional GAW station in China (2013–2022), PANGAEA [data set], https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.963330, 2023b.
Ross, J. and Sulev, M.: Sources of errors in measurements of PAR, Agr. Forest Metorol., 100, 103–125, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1923(99)00144-6, 2000.
Smith, E. V. P. and Gottlieb, D. M.: Solar flux and its variations, Space. Sci. Rev., 16, 771–802, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00182600, 1974.
Song, J. Y.: Quality Evaluations and Feature Analysis of Radiation Data at Background Stations in China, MS thesis, Chinese Academe of Meteorological Science, China, 63 pp., https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?dbname=CMFD201302&filename=1013212486.nh (last access: 6 June 2021), 2013 (in Chinese).
Spencer, J. W.: Fourier series representation of the position of the sun, Search, 2, 165–172, 1971.
Stokes, G. M. and Schwartz, S. E.: The Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) program: Programmatic background and design of the cloud and radiation test bed, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 75, 1201–1221, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0477(1994)075<1201:TARMPP>2.0.CO;2, 1994.
Vuilleumier, L., Hauser, M., Félix, C., Vignola, F., Blanc, P., Kazantzidis, A. and Calpini, B.: Accuracy of ground surface broadband shortwave radiation monitoring, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 119, 13838–13860, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JD022335, 2014.
Wang, L. C., Gong, W., Lin, A. W., and Hu, B.: Measurements and cloudiness influence on UV radiation in Central China, Int. J. Climatol., 34, 3417–3425, https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.3918, 2014.
Wang, Q. Y., Zhang, H., Yang, S., Chen, Q., Zhou, X. X., Shi, G. Y., Cheng, Y. M., and Wild, M.: Potential driving factors on surface solar radiation trends over China in recent years, Remote Sens., 13, 704, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13040704, 2021.
Wang, S. T., Liu, X. N., Ma, S. Q., Chen, Y. Q., and Yang, Z. B.: Specifications for Surface Meteorological Observation Part 21: Processed of Missing Data and Statistic of Half-baked Data, QX/T 65–2007, China Meteorological Press, Beijing, 9 pp., 2007 (in Chinese).
Wei, X. L.: Quality assessment and trend analysis of solar radiation measured at Mt. Waliguan GAW station (1994–2008), MS thesis, Chinese Academe of Meteorological Science, China, 51 pp., https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?dbname=CMFD2012&filename=2010088082.nh (last access: 24 September 2021), 2010 (in Chinese).
Weng, D. M., Sun, Z. A. and Wen, Z. Z.: Climatological study on downward atmospheric radiation in China, J. Nanjing Inst. Meteorol., 16, 1–6, https://doi.org/10.13878/j.cnki.dqkxxb.1993.01.001, 1993 (in Chinese).
Wild, M., Ohmura, A., and Gilgen, H.: Validation of general circulation model radiative fluxes using surface observations, J. Climate, 8, 1309–1324, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(1995)008<1309:VOGCMR>2.0.CO;2, 1995.
Wild, M., Dümenil, L., and Schulz, J. P.: Regional climate simulation with a high resolution GCM: surface hydrology, Clim. Dynam., 12, 755–774, https://doi.org/10.1007/s003820050141, 1996.
Wild, M., Gilgen, H., Roesch, A., Ohmura, A., Long, C. N., Dutton, E. G., Forgan, B., Kallis, A., Russak, V., and Tsvetkov, A.: From dimming to brightening: Decadal changes in solar radiation at Earth's surface, Science, 308, 847–850, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1103215, 2005.
Wild, M., Long, C. N., and Ohmura, A.: Evaluation of clear-sky solar fluxes in GCMs participating in AMIP and IPCC-AR4 from a surface perspective, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D01104, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JD006118, 2006.
Wild, M., Trüssel, B., Ohmura, A., Long, C. N., König-Langlo, G., Dutton, E. G., and Tsvetkov, A.: Global dimming and brightening: An update beyond 2000, J. Geophys. Res., 114, D00D13, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JD011382, 2009.
Wild, M., Hakuba, M. Z., Folini, D., Dörig-Ott, P., Schär, C., Kato, S., and Long, C. N.: The cloud-free global energy balance and inferred cloud radiative effects: an assessment based on direct observations and climate models, Clim. Dynam., 52, 4787–4812, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-018-4413-y, 2019.
WMO: Guide to Meteorological Instruments and Methods of Observation – Preliminary Seventh Edition, WMO- No. 8, WMO, Geneva, Switzerland, 569 pp., https://www.seedmech.com/documents_folder/wmo_no_8.pdf (last access: 16 July 2020), 2006.
Yan, H. R., Huang, J. P., Minnis, P., Wang, T. H., and Bi, J. R.: Comparison of CERES surface radiation fluxes with surface observations over Loess Plateau, Remote Sens. Environ., 115, 1489–1500, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2011.02.008, 2011.
Yang, D. Z. and Boland, J.: Satellite-augmented diffuse solar radiation separation models, J. Renew. Sustain. Ener., 11, 023705, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5087463, 2019.
Yang, D. Z., Wang, W. T., and Xia, X. A.: A concise overview on solar resource assessment and forecasting, Adv. Atmos. Sci., 39, 1239–1251, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-021-1372-8, 2022.
Yang, J., Hu, J., Chen, Q., and Quan, W.: Parameterization of downward long-wave radiation based on long-term baseline surface radiation measurements in China, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 4419–4430, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-4419-2023, 2023.
Yang, Y., Quan, J. M., Ding, L., and Bian, Z. Q.: National solar radiation measurement standards and quality control, J. Appl. Meteor. Sci., 26, 95–102, https://doi.org/10.11898/1001-7313.20150110, 2015 (in Chinese).
Younes, S., Claywell, R., and Muneer, T.: Quality control of solar radiation data: Present status and proposed new approaches, Energy, 30, 1533–1549, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2004.04.031, 2005.
Yu, Y.: Analysis of Solar Radiation Measurement Data at Xianghe Atmospheric Observation Station, M.S. thesis, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, China, 74 pp., https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?dbname=CMFD0506&filename=2006066567.nh (last access: 22 March 2022), 2006 (in Chinese).
Yu, Y., Chen, H. B., Xia, X. A., Wang, P. C., and Li, Z. Q.: Observations and analyses on Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR) in Xianghe region, Plateau Meteorol., 27, 1094–1101, 2008 (in Chinese).
Zhang, T. P., Stackhouse Jr., P. W., Gupta, S. K., Cox, S. J., Mikovitz, J. C., and Hinkelman, L. M.: The validation of the GEWEX SRB surface shortwave flux data products using BSRN measurements: A systematic quality control, production and application approach, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Ra., 122, 127–140, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jqsrt.2012.10.004, 2013.
Zhou, H. G., Quan, W. J., Wang, Z. F., Li, X. L., Li, Y. R., and Zhao, H. J.: Comparison of sunshine duration measurements between a Jordan sunshine recorder and three automatic sensors at Shangdianzi GAW station, J. Meteorol. Res., 35, 716–728, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13351-021-0158-3, 2021.
Zhou, X. J.: Chinese Background Atmospheric Baseline Observatory Summary of Progress Reports: 1994–2004 (Chinese Edition), 98 pp., Beijing, China Meteorological Press, ISBN 7502939563, 2005 (in Chinese).
Short summary
Radiation components play important roles in various fields such as the Earth’s surface radiation budget, ecosystem productivity, and human health. In this study, a dataset consisting of quality-assured daily data of nine radiation components is presented based on the in situ measurements at the Shangdianzi regional GAW station in China during 2013–2022. The dataset can be applied in the validation of satellite products and numerical models and investigation of atmospheric radiation.
Radiation components play important roles in various fields such as the Earth’s surface...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint