Articles | Volume 15, issue 6
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2499-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2499-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Data description paper
| 
16 Jun 2023
Data description paper |
| 16 Jun 2023
| 16 Jun 2023
OceanSODA-UNEXE: a multi-year gridded Amazon and Congo River outflow surface ocean carbonate system dataset
Richard P. Sims
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Centre for Geography and Environmental Science, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, TR10 9FE, UK
Thomas M. Holding
Department of Human Behaviour, Ecology and Culture, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
Peter E. Land
Remote Sensing Group, Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Plymouth, PL13DH, UK
Jean-Francois Piolle
Laboratoire d'Océanographie Physique et Spatiale (LOPS), IFREMER, Université of Brest, CNRS, IRD, IUEM, 29280 Brest, France
Hannah L. Green
Centre for Geography and Environmental Science, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, TR10 9FE, UK
Remote Sensing Group, Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Plymouth, PL13DH, UK
Jamie D. Shutler
Centre for Geography and Environmental Science, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, TR10 9FE, UK
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Dissolved oxygen content is a critical metric of ocean health. Recently, expanding fleets of autonomous platforms that measure oxygen in the ocean have produced a wealth of new data. We leverage machine learning to take advantage of this growing global dataset, producing a gridded data product of ocean interior dissolved oxygen at monthly resolution over nearly 2 decades. This work provides novel information for investigations of spatial, seasonal, and interannual variability in ocean oxygen.
Simone R. Alin, Jan A. Newton, Richard A. Feely, Dana Greeley, Beth Curry, Julian Herndon, and Mark Warner
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Revised manuscript accepted for ESSD
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The Salish cruise data product provides 2008–2018 oceanographic data from the southern Salish Sea and nearby coastal sampling stations. Temperature, salinity, oxygen, nutrient, and dissolved inorganic carbon measurements from 715 oceanographic profiles will facilitate further study of ocean acidification, hypoxia, and marine heatwave impacts in this region. Three subsets of the compiled datasets from 35 cruises are available with consistent formatting and multiple commonly used units.
Olivia Gibb, Frédéric Cyr, Kumiko Azetsu-Scott, Joël Chassé, Darlene Childs, Carrie-Ellen Gabriel, Peter S. Galbraith, Gary Maillet, Pierre Pepin, Stephen Punshon, and Michel Starr
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The ocean absorbs large quantities of carbon dioxide (CO2) released into the atmosphere as a result of the burning of fossil fuels. This, in turn, causes ocean acidification, which poses a major threat to global ocean ecosystems. In this study, we compiled 9 years (2014–2022) of ocean carbonate data (i.e., ocean acidification parameters) collected in Atlantic Canada as part of the Atlantic Zone Monitoring Program.
Öykü Z. Mete, Adam V. Subhas, Heather H. Kim, Ann G. Dunlea, Laura M. Whitmore, Alan M. Shiller, Melissa Gilbert, William D. Leavitt, and Tristan J. Horner
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We present results from a machine learning model that accurately predicts dissolved barium concentrations for the global ocean. Our results reveal that the whole-ocean barium inventory is significantly lower than previously thought and that the deep ocean below 1000 m is at equilibrium with respect to barite. The model output can be used for a number of applications, including intercomparison, interpolation, and identification of regions warranting additional investigation.
Natalie M. Monacci, Jessica N. Cross, Wiley Evans, Jeremy T. Mathis, and Hongjie Wang
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2023-325, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2023-325, 2023
Revised manuscript accepted for ESSD
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As carbon dioxide is released into the air through human generated activity, about one third dissolves into the surface water of oceans, lowering the pH and increasing the acidity. This is known as ocean acidification. We merged ten years of ocean carbon data and made it publicly available for adaptation planning during a time of change. The data confirmed Alaska is already experiencing the effects of ocean acidification due to naturally cold water, high productivity, and circulation patterns.
Zhibo Shao, Yangchun Xu, Hua Wang, Weicheng Luo, Lice Wang, Yuhong Huang, Nona Sheila R. Agawin, Ayaz Ahmed, Mar Benavides, Mikkel Bentzon-Tilia, Ilana Berman-Frank, Hugo Berthelot, Isabelle C. Biegala, Mariana B. Bif, Antonio Bode, Sophie Bonnet, Deborah A. Bronk, Mark V. Brown, Lisa Campbell, Douglas G. Capone, Edward J. Carpenter, Nicolas Cassar, Bonnie X. Chang, Dreux Chappell, Yuh-ling Lee Chen, Matthew J. Church, Francisco M. Cornejo-Castillo, Amália Maria Sacilotto Detoni, Scott C. Doney, Cecile Dupouy, Marta Estrada, Camila Fernandez, Bieito Fernández-Castro, Debany Fonseca-Batista, Rachel A. Foster, Ken Furuya, Nicole Garcia, Kanji Goto, Jesús Gago, Mary R. Gradoville, M. Robert Hamersley, Britt A. Henke, Cora Hörstmann, Amal Jayakumar, Zhibing Jiang, Shuh-Ji Kao, David M. Karl, Leila R. Kittu, Angela N. Knapp, Sanjeev Kumar, Julie LaRoche, Hongbin Liu, Jiaxing Liu, Caroline Lory, Carolin R. Löscher, Emilio Marañón, Lauren F. Messer, Matthew M. Mills, Wiebke Mohr, Pia H. Moisander, Claire Mahaffey, Robert Moore, Beatriz Mouriño-Carballido, Margaret R. Mulholland, Shin-ichiro Nakaoka, Joseph A. Needoba, Eric J. Raes, Eyal Rahav, Teodoro Ramírez-Cárdenas, Christian Furbo Reeder, Lasse Riemann, Virginie Riou, Julie C. Robidart, Vedula V. S. S. Sarma, Takuya Sato, Himanshu Saxena, Corday Selden, Justin R. Seymour, Dalin Shi, Takuhei Shiozaki, Arvind Singh, Rachel E. Sipler, Jun Sun, Koji Suzuki, Kazutaka Takahashi, Yehui Tan, Weiyi Tang, Jean-Éric Tremblay, Kendra Turk-Kubo, Zuozhu Wen, Angelicque E. White, Samuel T. Wilson, Takashi Yoshida, Jonathan P. Zehr, Run Zhang, Yao Zhang, and Ya-Wei Luo
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 3673–3709, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3673-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3673-2023, 2023
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N2 fixation by marine diazotrophs is an important bioavailable N source to the global ocean. This updated global oceanic diazotroph database increases the number of in situ measurements of N2 fixation rates, diazotrophic cell abundances, and nifH gene copy abundances by 184 %, 86 %, and 809 %, respectively. Using the updated database, the global marine N2 fixation rate is estimated at 223 ± 30 Tg N yr−1, which triplicates that using the original database.
Francesco Placenti, Marco Torri, Katrin Schroeder, Mireno Borghini, Gabriella Cerrati, Angela Cuttitta, Vincenzo Tancredi, Carmelo Buscaino, and Bernardo Patti
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2023-267, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2023-267, 2023
Revised manuscript accepted for ESSD
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Oceanographic surveys were conducted in the Strait of Sicily between 2010 and 2021. This manuscript provides a description of the time series of nutrients and hydrological data collected in this zone. The dataset fills an important lack in field observations of a crucial area, where exchanges Mediterranean sub-basin take place, providing support to studies aimed at describing the ongoing processes as well as at realizing reliable projections on the effects these processes in the near future.
Henry C. Bittig, Erik Jacobs, Thomas Neumann, and Gregor Rehder
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2023-264, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2023-264, 2023
Revised manuscript accepted for ESSD
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We present a pCO2 climatology of the Baltic Sea using a new approach to extrapolate from individual observations to the entire Baltic Sea. The extrapolation approach uses (a) a model to inform on how data at one location are connected to data at other locations, and (b) very accurate pCO2 observations from 2003–2021 as the base data. The climatology can be used, e.g., to assess uptake and release of CO2 or for identification of extreme events.
Jean-Pierre Gattuso, Samir Alliouane, and Philipp Fischer
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 2809–2825, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2809-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2809-2023, 2023
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The Arctic Ocean is subject to high rates of ocean warming and acidification, with critical implications for marine organisms, ecosystems and the services they provide. We report here on the first high-frequency (1 h), multi-year (5 years) dataset of the carbonate system at a coastal site in a high-Arctic fjord (Kongsfjorden, Svalbard). This site is a significant sink for CO2 every month of the year (9 to 17 mol m-2 yr-1). The saturation state of aragonite can be as low as 1.3.
Alizée Roobaert, Pierre Regnier, Peter Landschützer, and Goulven G. Laruelle
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2023-228, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2023-228, 2023
Revised manuscript accepted for ESSD
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Advancements in understanding the coastal air-sea CO2 exchange (FCO2) have been made, but long-term temporal trends remain unclear. Based on observations and a machine learning approach, we reconstructs the longest global time series of coastal FCO2 (1982 to 2020). Results show the coastal ocean acts as a CO2 sink, with increasing intensity over time. This new coastal FCO2 product allows establishing regional carbon budgets and provides new constraints for closing the global carbon cycle.
Yayoi Inomata and Michio Aoyama
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 1969–2007, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-1969-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-1969-2023, 2023
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The behavior of 137Cs in surface seawater in the global ocean was analyzed by using the HAMGlobal2021 database. Approximately 32 % of 137Cs existed in the surface seawater in 1970. The 137Cs released into the North Pacific Ocean by large-scale nuclear weapons tests was transported to the Indian Ocean and then the Atlantic Ocean on a 4–5 decadal timescale, whereas 137Cs released from nuclear reprocessing plants was transported northward to the Arctic Ocean on a decadal scale.
Zhixuan Wang, Guizhi Wang, Xianghui Guo, Yan Bai, Yi Xu, and Minhan Dai
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 1711–1731, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-1711-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-1711-2023, 2023
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We reconstructed monthly sea surface pCO2 data with a high spatial resolution in the South China Sea (SCS) from 2003 to 2020. We validate our reconstruction with three independent testing datasets and present a new method to assess the uncertainty of the data. The results strongly suggest that our reconstruction effectively captures the main features of the spatiotemporal patterns of pCO2 in the SCS. Using this dataset, we found that the SCS is overall a weak source of atmospheric CO2.
Peter Edward Land, Helen S. Findlay, Jamie D. Shutler, Jean-Francois Piolle, Richard Sims, Hannah Green, Vassilis Kitidis, Alexander Polukhin, and Irina I. Pipko
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 921–947, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-921-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-921-2023, 2023
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Measurements of the ocean’s carbonate system (e.g. CO2 and pH) have increased greatly in recent years, resulting in a need to combine these data with satellite measurements and model results, so they can be used to test predictions of how the ocean reacts to changes such as absorption of the CO2 emitted by humans. We show a method of combining data into regions of interest (100 km circles over a 10 d period) and apply it globally to produce a harmonised and easy-to-use data archive.
Giulia Leone, Ana I. Catarino, Liesbeth De Keukelaere, Mattias Bossaer, Els Knaeps, and Gert Everaert
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 745–752, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-745-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-745-2023, 2023
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This paper illustrates a dataset of hyperspectral reflectance measurements of macroplastics. Plastic samples consisted of pristine, artificially weathered, and biofouled plastic items and field plastic debris. Samples were measured in dry conditions and a subset of plastics in wet and submerged conditions. This dataset can be used to better understand plastic optical features when exposed to natural agents and to support the development of algorithms for monitoring environmental plastics.
Michael J. Whitehouse, Katharine R. Hendry, Geraint A. Tarling, Sally E. Thorpe, and Petra ten Hoopen
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 211–224, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-211-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-211-2023, 2023
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We present a database of Southern Ocean macronutrient, temperature and salinity measurements collected on 20 oceanographic cruises between 1980 and 2009. Vertical profiles and underway surface measurements were collected year-round as part of an integrated ecosystem study. Our data provide a novel view of biogeochemical cycling in biologically productive regions across a critical period in recent climate history and will contribute to a better understanding of the drivers of primary production.
Siv K. Lauvset, Nico Lange, Toste Tanhua, Henry C. Bittig, Are Olsen, Alex Kozyr, Simone Alin, Marta Álvarez, Kumiko Azetsu-Scott, Leticia Barbero, Susan Becker, Peter J. Brown, Brendan R. Carter, Leticia Cotrim da Cunha, Richard A. Feely, Mario Hoppema, Matthew P. Humphreys, Masao Ishii, Emil Jeansson, Li-Qing Jiang, Steve D. Jones, Claire Lo Monaco, Akihiko Murata, Jens Daniel Müller, Fiz F. Pérez, Benjamin Pfeil, Carsten Schirnick, Reiner Steinfeldt, Toru Suzuki, Bronte Tilbrook, Adam Ulfsbo, Anton Velo, Ryan J. Woosley, and Robert M. Key
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 5543–5572, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-5543-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-5543-2022, 2022
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GLODAP is a data product for ocean inorganic carbon and related biogeochemical variables measured by the chemical analysis of water bottle samples from scientific cruises. GLODAPv2.2022 is the fourth update of GLODAPv2 from 2016. The data that are included have been subjected to extensive quality controlling, including systematic evaluation of measurement biases. This version contains data from 1085 hydrographic cruises covering the world's oceans from 1972 to 2021.
Zhour Najoui, Nellya Amoussou, Serge Riazanoff, Guillaume Aurel, and Frédéric Frappart
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 4569–4588, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-4569-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-4569-2022, 2022
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Oil spills could have serious repercussions for both the marine environment and ecosystem. The Gulf of Guinea is a very active area with respect to maritime traffic as well as oil and gas exploitation (platforms). As a result, the region is subject to a large number of oil pollution events. This study aims to detect oil slicks in the Gulf of Guinea and analyse their spatial and temporal distribution using satellite data.
Cited articles
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A multi-decade record of high-quality fCO2 data in version 3 of the Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT), Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 8, 383–413, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-8-383-2016, 2016.
Banzon, V., Smith, T. M., Chin, T. M., Liu, C., and Hankins, W.:
A long-term record of blended satellite and in situ sea-surface temperature for climate monitoring, modeling and environmental studies, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 8, 165–176, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-8-165-2016, 2016.
Bass, A. M., Munksgaard, N. C., Leblanc, M., Tweed, S., and Bird, M.:
Contrasting carbon export dynamics of human impacted and pristine tropical catchments in response to a short-lived discharge event, Hydrol. Process., 28, 1835–1843, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.9716, 2014.
Bates, N. R. and Johnson, R. J.:
Acceleration of ocean warming, salinification, deoxygenation and acidification in the surface subtropical North Atlantic Ocean, Communications Earth & Environment, 1, 1–12, https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-020-00030-5, 2020.
Bockmon, E. E. and Dickson, A. G.:
An inter-laboratory comparison assessing the quality of seawater carbon dioxide measurements, Mar. Chem., 171, 36–43, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2015.02.002, 2015.
Bouillon, S., Yambélé, A., Gillikin, D. P., Teodoru, C., Darchambeau, F., Lambert, T., and Borges, A. V.:
Contrasting biogeochemical characteristics of the Oubangui River and tributaries (Congo River basin), Sci. Rep.-UK, 4, 1–10, https://doi.org/10.1038/srep05402, 2014.
Boutin, J., Vergely, J. L., Reul, N., Catany, R., Koehler, J., Martin, A., Rouffi, F., Arias, M., Chakroun, M., Corato, G., Estella-Perez, V., Guimbard, S., Hasson, A., Josey, S., Khvorostyanov, D., Kolodziejczyk, N., Mignot, J., Olivier, L., Reverdin, G., Stammer, D., Supply, A., Thouvenin-Masson, C., Turiel, A., Vialard, J., Cipollini, P., and Donlon, C.:
ESA Sea Surface Salinity Climate Change Initiative (Sea_Surface_Salinity_cci): Weekly sea surface salinity product, v2.31, for 2010 to 2019, Centre for Environmental Data Analysis [data set], https://doi.org/10.5285/4ce685bff631459fb2a30faa699f3fc5, 2020.
Boutin, J., Reul, N., Koehler, J., Martin, A., Catany, R., Guimbard, S., Rouffi, F., Vergely, J. L., Arias, M., Chakroun, M., Corato, G., Estella-Perez, V., Hasson, A., Josey, S., Khvorostyanov, D., Kolodziejczyk, N., Mignot, J., Olivier, L., Reverdin, G., Stammer, D., Supply, A., Thouvenin-Masson, C., Turiel, A., Vialard, J., Cipollini, P., Donlon, C., Sabia, R., and Mecklenburg, S.:
Satellite-Based Sea Surface Salinity Designed for Ocean and Climate Studies, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 126, e2021JC017676, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JC017676, 2021.
Cai, W.-J., Hu, X., Huang, W.-J., Murrell, M. C., Lehrter, J. C., Lohrenz, S. E., Chou, W.-C., Zhai, W., Hollibaugh, J. T., and Wang, Y.:
Acidification of subsurface coastal waters enhanced by eutrophication, Nat. Geosci., 4, 766–770, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1297, 2011.
Cai, W.-J., Feely, R. A., Testa, J. M., Li, M., Evans, W., Alin, S. R., Xu, Y.-Y., Pelletier, G., Ahmed, A., and Greeley, D. J.:
Natural and anthropogenic drivers of acidification in large estuaries, Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci., 13, 23–55, https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-marine-010419-011004, 2021.
Cai, W. J., Hu, X., Huang, W. J., Jiang, L. Q., Wang, Y., Peng, T. H., and Zhang, X.:
Alkalinity distribution in the western North Atlantic Ocean margins, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 115, C08014, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JC005482, 2010.
Cattano, C., Claudet, J., Domenici, P., and Milazzo, M.:
Living in a high CO2 world: A global meta analysis shows multiple trait mediated fish responses to ocean acidification, Ecol. Monogr., 88, 320–335, https://doi.org/10.1002/ecm.1297, 2018.
Chao, Y., Farrara, J. D., Schumann, G., Andreadis, K. M., and Moller, D.:
Sea surface salinity variability in response to the Congo river discharge, Cont. Shelf Res., 99, 35–45, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2015.03.005, 2015.
Chérubin, L. and Richardson, P. L.:
Caribbean current variability and the influence of the Amazon and Orinoco freshwater plumes, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. I, 54, 1451–1473, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2007.04.021, 2007.
Coles, V. J., Brooks, M. T., Hopkins, J., Stukel, M. R., Yager, P. L., and Hood, R. R.:
The pathways and properties of the Amazon River Plume in the tropical North Atlantic Ocean, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 118, 6894–6913, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JC008981, 2013.
Cooley, S. and Yager, P.:
Physical and biological contributions to the western tropical North Atlantic Ocean carbon sink formed by the Amazon River plume, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 111, C08018, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JC002954, 2006.
da Cunha, L. C. and Buitenhuis, E. T.:
Riverine influence on the tropical Atlantic Ocean biogeochemistry, Biogeosciences, 10, 6357–6373, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-6357-2013, 2013.
Dai, A. and Trenberth, K. E.:
Estimates of freshwater discharge from continents: Latitudinal and seasonal variations, J. Hydrometeorol., 3, 660–687, https://doi.org/10.1175/1525-7541(2002)003<0660:EOFDFC>2.0.CO;2, 2002.
Dickson, A. G.:
Standard potential of the reaction: AgCl(s) + 12H2(g) = Ag(s) + HCl(aq), and and the standard acidity constant of the ion
Dickson, A. G.:
Reference materials for oceanic CO2 measurements, Oceanography, 14, 21–22, 2001.
Dickson, A. G. and Millero, F. J.:
A comparison of the equilibrium constants for the dissociation of carbonic acid in seawater media, Deep-Sea Res., 34, 1733–1743, https://doi.org/10.1016/0198-0149(87)90021-5, 1987.
Dickson, A. G., Afghan, J., and Anderson, G.:
Reference materials for oceanic CO2 analysis: a method for the certification of total alkalinity, Mar. Chem., 80, 185–197, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4203(02)00133-0, 2003.
Doney, S. C., Fabry, V. J., Feely, R. A., and Kleypas, J. A.:
Ocean acidification: the other CO2 problem, Mar. Sci., 1, 169–192, https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.marine.010908.163834, 2009.
Doney, S. C., Busch, D. S., Cooley, S. R., and Kroeker, K. J.:
The impacts of ocean acidification on marine ecosystems and reliant human communities, Annu. Rev. Env. Resour., 45, 83–112, https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-environ-012320-083019, 2020.
Dong, X., Huang, H., Zheng, N., Pan, A., Wang, S., Huo, C., Zhou, K., Lin, H., and Ji, W.:
Acidification mediated by a river plume and coastal upwelling on a fringing reef at the east coast of Hainan Island, Northern South China Sea, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 122, 7521–7536, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JC013228, 2017.
Enochs, I., Formel, N., Manzello, D., Morris, J., Mayfield, A., Boyd, A., Kolodziej, G., Adams, G., and Hendee, J.:
Coral persistence despite extreme periodic pH fluctuations at a volcanically acidified Caribbean reef, Coral Reefs, 39, 523–528, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00338-020-01927-5, 2020.
Ford, D., Tilstone, G. H., Shutler, J. D., Kitidis, V., Lobanova, P., Schwarz, J., Poulton, A. J., Serret, P., Lamont, T., and Chuqui, M.:
Wind speed and mesoscale features drive net autotrophy in the South Atlantic Ocean, Remote Sens. Environ., 260, 112435, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2021.112435, 2021.
Fournier, S., Chapron, B., Salisbury, J., Vandemark, D., and Reul, N.:
Comparison of spaceborne measurements of sea surface salinity and colored detrital matter in the Amazon plume, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 120, 3177–3192, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JC010109, 2015.
Gaillard, F., Reynaud, T., Thierry, V., Kolodziejczyk, N., and Von Schuckmann, K.:
In situ–based reanalysis of the global ocean temperature and salinity with ISAS: Variability of the heat content and steric height, J. Climate, 29, 1305–1323, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0028.1, 2016.
Good, S., Embury, O., Bulgin, C., and Mittaz, J.:
ESA sea surface temperature climate change Initiative (SST_CCI): Level 4 analysis climate data record, version 2.1, Centre for Environmental Data Analysis [data set], https://doi.org/10.5285/62c0f97b1eac4e0197a674870afe1ee6, 2019.
Gregor, L. and Gruber, N.:
OceanSODA-ETHZ: a global gridded data set of the surface ocean carbonate system for seasonal to decadal studies of ocean acidification, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 777–808, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-777-2021, 2021.
Grodsky, S. A., Reverdin, G., Carton, J. A., and Coles, V. J.:
Year-to-year salinity changes in the Amazon plume: Contrasting 2011 and 2012 Aquarius/SACD and SMOS satellite data, Remote Sens. Environ., 140, 14–22, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2013.08.033, 2014.
Guinotte, J., Buddemeier, R., and Kleypas, J.:
Future coral reef habitat marginality: temporal and spatial effects of climate change in the Pacific basin, Coral Reefs, 22, 551–558, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00338-003-0331-4, 2003.
Hauck, J., Zeising, M., Le Quéré, C., Gruber, N., Bakker, D. C., Bopp, L., Chau, T. T. T., Gürses, Ö., Ilyina, T., and Landschützer, P.:
Consistency and challenges in the ocean carbon sink estimate for the global carbon budget, Front. Mar. Sci., 7, 852, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.571720, 2020.
Hellweger, F. L. and Gordon, A. L.:
Tracing Amazon river water into the Caribbean Sea, J. Mar. Res., 60, 537–549, 2002.
Hoegh-Guldberg, O., Mumby, P. J., Hooten, A. J., Steneck, R. S., Greenfield, P., Gomez, E., Harvell, C. D., Sale, P. F., Edwards, A. J., and Caldeira, K.:
Coral reefs under rapid climate change and ocean acidification, Science, 318, 1737–1742, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1152509, 2007.
Hopkins, J., Lucas, M., Dufau, C., Sutton, M., Stum, J., Lauret, O., and Channelliere, C.:
Detection and variability of the Congo River plume from satellite derived sea surface temperature, salinity, ocean colour and sea level, Remote Sens. Environ., 139, 365–385, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2013.08.015, 2013.
Hu, C., Montgomery, E. T., Schmitt, R. W., and Muller-Karger, F. E.:
The dispersal of the Amazon and Orinoco River water in the tropical Atlantic and Caribbean Sea: Observation from space and S-PALACE floats, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 51, 1151–1171, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2004.04.001, 2004.
Hu, X. and Cai, W. J.:
Estuarine acidification and minimum buffer zone – a conceptual study, Geophys. Res. Lett., 40, 5176–5181, https://doi.org/10.1002/grl.51000, 2013.
Huang, B., Liu, C., Banzon, V., Freeman, E., Graham, G., Hankins, B., Smith, T., and Zhang, H.-M.:
Improvements of the daily optimum interpolation sea surface temperature (DOISST) version 2.1, J. Climate, 34, 2923–2939, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-20-0166.1, 2021.
Humphreys, M. P., Lewis, E. R., Sharp, J. D., and Pierrot, D.:
PyCO2SYS v1.8: marine carbonate system calculations in Python, Geosci. Model Dev., 15, 15–43, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-15-2022, 2022.
Ibánhez, J. S. P., Araujo, M., and Lefèvre, N.:
The overlooked tropical oceanic CO2 sink, Geophys. Res. Lett., 43, 3804–3812, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GL068020, 2016.
Jacobson, A. R., Mikaloff Fletcher, S. E., Gruber, N., Sarmiento, J. L., and Gloor, M.:
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JCGM:
Evaluation of measurement data—Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement, 134, 2008.
Jiahuan, R., Wenhao, S., Xiaofan, G., Wei, S., Shanjie, Z., Maolong, H., Haifeng, W., and Guangxu, L.:
Ocean acidification impairs foraging behavior by interfering with olfactory neural signal transduction in black sea bream, Acanthopagrus schlegelii, Front. Physiol., 9, 1592, https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2018.01592, 2018.
Kadomura, H.:
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Short summary
The flow of carbon between the land and ocean is poorly quantified with existing measurements. It is not clear how seasonality and long-term variability impact this flow of carbon. Here, we demonstrate how satellite observations can be used to create decadal time series of the inorganic carbonate system in the Amazon and Congo River outflows.
The flow of carbon between the land and ocean is poorly quantified with existing measurements....
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