Articles | Volume 14, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-381-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-381-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Data description paper
| 
01 Feb 2022
Data description paper |
| 01 Feb 2022
| 01 Feb 2022
Into the Noddyverse: a massive data store of 3D geological models for machine learning and inversion applications
Mineral Exploration Cooperative Research Centre, Centre for
Exploration Targeting, The University of Western Australia, Perth,
Australia
ARC Centre for Data Analytics for Resources and Environments (DARE), The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
Jiateng Guo
College of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University,
Shenyang, China
Yunqiang Li
College of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University,
Shenyang, China
Mark Lindsay
Mineral Exploration Cooperative Research Centre, Centre for
Exploration Targeting, The University of Western Australia, Perth,
Australia
ARC Centre for Data Analytics for Resources and Environments (DARE), The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
Mineral Resources, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Australian Resources Research Centre, Kensington, Australia
Richard Scalzo
School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Sydney, Sydney,
Australia
ARC Centre for Data Analytics for Resources and Environments (DARE), The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
Jérémie Giraud
Mineral Exploration Cooperative Research Centre, Centre for
Exploration Targeting, The University of Western Australia, Perth,
Australia
GeoRessources, Université de Lorraine, CNRS, 54000 Nancy, France
Guillaume Pirot
Mineral Exploration Cooperative Research Centre, Centre for
Exploration Targeting, The University of Western Australia, Perth,
Australia
ARC Centre for Data Analytics for Resources and Environments (DARE), The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
Ed Cripps
Department of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Western
Australia, Perth, Australia
ARC Centre for Data Analytics for Resources and Environments (DARE), The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
Vitaliy Ogarko
Mineral Exploration Cooperative Research Centre, Centre for
Exploration Targeting, The University of Western Australia, Perth,
Australia
ARC Centre for Data Analytics for Resources and Environments (DARE), The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
Related authors
Léonard Moracchini, Guillaume Pirot, Kerry Bardot, Mark W. Jessell, and James L. McCallum
Geosci. Model Dev. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2024-154, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2024-154, 2024
Revised manuscript under review for GMD
Short summary
Short summary
To facilitate the exploration of alternative hydrogeological scenarios, we propose to approximate costly physical simulations of contaminant transport by more affordable shortest distances computations. It enables to accept or reject scenarios within a predefined confidence interval. In particular, it can allow to estimate the probability of a fault acting as a preferential path or a barrier.
Vitaliy Ogarko, Kim Frankcombe, Taige Liu, Jeremie Giraud, Roland Martin, and Mark Jessell
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 2325–2345, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-2325-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-2325-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We present a major release of the Tomofast-x open-source gravity and magnetic inversion code that is enhancing its performance and applicability for both industrial and academic studies. We focus on real-world mineral exploration scenarios, while offering flexibility for applications at regional scale or for crustal studies. The optimisation work described in this paper is fundamental to allowing more complete descriptions of the controls on magnetisation, including remanence.
Jiateng Guo, Xuechuang Xu, Luyuan Wang, Xulei Wang, Lixin Wu, Mark Jessell, Vitaliy Ogarko, Zhibin Liu, and Yufei Zheng
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 957–973, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-957-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-957-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study proposes a semi-supervised learning algorithm using pseudo-labels for 3D geological modelling. We establish a 3D geological model using borehole data from a complex real urban local survey area in Shenyang and make an uncertainty analysis of this model. The method effectively expands the sample space, which is suitable for geomodelling and uncertainty analysis from boreholes. The modelling results perform well in terms of spatial morphology and geological semantics.
Jérémie Giraud, Hoël Seillé, Mark D. Lindsay, Gerhard Visser, Vitaliy Ogarko, and Mark W. Jessell
Solid Earth, 14, 43–68, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-43-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-43-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We propose and apply a workflow to combine the modelling and interpretation of magnetic anomalies and resistivity anomalies to better image the basement. We test the method on a synthetic case study and apply it to real world data from the Cloncurry area (Queensland, Australia), which is prospective for economic minerals. Results suggest a new interpretation of the composition and structure towards to east of the profile that we modelled.
Guillaume Pirot, Ranee Joshi, Jérémie Giraud, Mark Douglas Lindsay, and Mark Walter Jessell
Geosci. Model Dev., 15, 4689–4708, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-4689-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-4689-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Results of a survey launched among practitioners in the mineral industry show that despite recognising the importance of uncertainty quantification it is not very well performed due to lack of data, time requirements, poor tracking of interpretations and relative complexity of uncertainty quantification. To alleviate the latter, we provide an open-source set of local and global indicators to measure geological uncertainty among an ensemble of geological models.
Richard Scalzo, Mark Lindsay, Mark Jessell, Guillaume Pirot, Jeremie Giraud, Edward Cripps, and Sally Cripps
Geosci. Model Dev., 15, 3641–3662, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-3641-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-3641-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This paper addresses numerical challenges in reasoning about geological models constrained by sensor data, especially models that describe the history of an area in terms of a sequence of events. Our method ensures that small changes in simulated geological features, such as the position of a boundary between two rock layers, do not result in unrealistically large changes to resulting sensor measurements, as occur presently using several popular modeling packages.
Ranee Joshi, Kavitha Madaiah, Mark Jessell, Mark Lindsay, and Guillaume Pirot
Geosci. Model Dev., 14, 6711–6740, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-6711-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-6711-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We have developed a software that allows the user to extract and standardize drill hole information from legacy datasets and/or different drilling campaigns. It also provides functionality to upscale the lithological information. These functionalities were possible by developing thesauri to identify and group geological terminologies together.
Jérémie Giraud, Vitaliy Ogarko, Roland Martin, Mark Jessell, and Mark Lindsay
Geosci. Model Dev., 14, 6681–6709, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-6681-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-6681-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We review different techniques to model the Earth's subsurface from geophysical data (gravity field anomaly, magnetic field anomaly) using geological models and measurements of the rocks' properties. We show examples of application using idealised examples reproducing realistic features and provide theoretical details of the open-source algorithm we use.
Mahtab Rashidifard, Jérémie Giraud, Mark Lindsay, Mark Jessell, and Vitaliy Ogarko
Solid Earth, 12, 2387–2406, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2387-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2387-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
One motivation for this study is to develop a workflow that enables the integration of geophysical datasets with different coverages that are quite common in exploration geophysics. We have utilized a level set approach to achieve this goal. The utilized technique parameterizes the subsurface in the same fashion as geological models. Our results indicate that the approach is capable of integrating information from seismic data in 2D to guide the 3D inversion results of the gravity data.
Lachlan Grose, Laurent Ailleres, Gautier Laurent, Guillaume Caumon, Mark Jessell, and Robin Armit
Geosci. Model Dev., 14, 6197–6213, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-6197-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-6197-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Fault discontinuities in rock packages represent the plane where two blocks of rock have moved. They are challenging to incorporate into geological models because the geometry of the faulted rock units are defined by not only the location of the discontinuity but also the kinematics of the fault. In this paper, we outline a structural geology framework for incorporating faults into geological models by directly incorporating kinematics into the mathematical framework of the model.
Mark Jessell, Vitaliy Ogarko, Yohan de Rose, Mark Lindsay, Ranee Joshi, Agnieszka Piechocka, Lachlan Grose, Miguel de la Varga, Laurent Ailleres, and Guillaume Pirot
Geosci. Model Dev., 14, 5063–5092, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-5063-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-5063-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We have developed software that allows the user to extract sufficient information from unmodified digital maps and associated datasets that we are able to use to automatically build 3D geological models. By automating the process we are able to remove human bias from the procedure, which makes the workflow reproducible.
Lachlan Grose, Laurent Ailleres, Gautier Laurent, and Mark Jessell
Geosci. Model Dev., 14, 3915–3937, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-3915-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-3915-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
LoopStructural is an open-source 3D geological modelling library with a model design allowing for multiple different algorithms to be used for comparison for the same geology. Geological structures are modelled using structural geology concepts and techniques, allowing for complex structures such as overprinted folds and faults to be modelled. In the paper, we demonstrate automatically generating a 3-D model from map2loop-processed geological survey data of the Flinders Ranges, South Australia.
Jérémie Giraud, Mark Lindsay, Mark Jessell, and Vitaliy Ogarko
Solid Earth, 11, 419–436, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-419-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-419-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We propose a methodology for the identification of rock types using geophysical and geological information. It relies on an algorithm used in machine learning called
self-organizing maps, to which we add plausibility filters to ensure that the results respect base geological rules and geophysical measurements. Application in the Yerrida Basin (Western Australia) reveals that the thinning of prospective greenstone belts at depth could be due to deep structures not seen from surface.
Evren Pakyuz-Charrier, Mark Jessell, Jérémie Giraud, Mark Lindsay, and Vitaliy Ogarko
Solid Earth, 10, 1663–1684, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-1663-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-1663-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
This paper improves the Monte Carlo simulation for uncertainty propagation (MCUP) method for 3-D geological modeling. Topological heterogeneity is observed in the model suite. The study demonstrates that such heterogeneity arises from piecewise nonlinearity inherent to 3-D geological models and contraindicates use of global uncertainty estimation methods. Topological-clustering-driven uncertainty estimation is proposed as a demonstrated alternative to address plausible model heterogeneity.
Jeremie Giraud, Mark Lindsay, Vitaliy Ogarko, Mark Jessell, Roland Martin, and Evren Pakyuz-Charrier
Solid Earth, 10, 193–210, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-193-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-193-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We propose the quantitative integration of geology and geophysics in an algorithm integrating the probability of observation of rocks with gravity data to improve subsurface imaging. This allows geophysical modelling to adjust models preferentially in the least certain areas while honouring geological information and geophysical data. We validate our algorithm using an idealized case and apply it to the Yerrida Basin (Australia), where we can recover the geometry of buried greenstone belts.
Evren Pakyuz-Charrier, Mark Lindsay, Vitaliy Ogarko, Jeremie Giraud, and Mark Jessell
Solid Earth, 9, 385–402, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-9-385-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-9-385-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
MCUE is a method that produces probabilistic 3-D geological models by sampling from distributions that represent the uncertainty of the initial input dataset. This process generates numerous plausible datasets used to produce a range of statistically plausible 3-D models which are combined into a single probabilistic model. In this paper, improvements to distribution selection and parameterization for input uncertainty are proposed.
Xiaojun Feng, Enyuan Wang, Jérôme Ganne, Roland Martin, and Mark W. Jessell
Solid Earth Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/se-2017-142, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-2017-142, 2018
Preprint withdrawn
J. Florian Wellmann, Sam T. Thiele, Mark D. Lindsay, and Mark W. Jessell
Geosci. Model Dev., 9, 1019–1035, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-1019-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-1019-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
We often obtain knowledge about the subsurface in the form of structural geological models, as a basis for subsurface usage or resource extraction. Here, we provide a modelling code to construct such models on the basis of significant deformational events in geological history, encapsulated in kinematic equations. Our methods simplify complex dynamic processes, but enable us to evaluate how events interact, and finally how certain we are about predictions of structures in the subsurface.
Lawrence A. Bird, Vitaliy Ogarko, Laurent Ailleres, Lachlan Grose, Jeremie Giraud, Felicity S. McCormack, David E. Gwyther, Jason L. Roberts, Richard S. Jones, and Andrew N. Mackintosh
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-211, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-211, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The terrain of the seafloor has important controls on the access of warm water to below floating ice shelves around Antarctica. Here, we present an open-source method to infer what the seafloor looks like around the Antarctic continent, and within these ice shelf cavities, using measurements of the Earth’s gravitational field. We present an improved seafloor map for the Vincennes Bay region in East Antarctica and assess its impact on ice melt rates.
Mark Douglas Lindsay, Vitaliy Ogarko, Jeremie Giraud, and Mosayeb Khademi
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3754, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3754, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Solid Earth (SE).
Short summary
Short summary
Geophysical data is used to understand the Earth's structure. Geophysical inversion is an optimisation technique that constructs a model of the Earth using geophysical data. Inversion is complex and requires constraints to produce a plausible model. Overfitting is a disadvantageous effect that can affect techniques that rely on optimisation. A new feature in an inversion platform reduces overfitting by informing inversion of spatial uncertainty contained within the geophysical data.
Léonard Moracchini, Guillaume Pirot, Kerry Bardot, Mark W. Jessell, and James L. McCallum
Geosci. Model Dev. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2024-154, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2024-154, 2024
Revised manuscript under review for GMD
Short summary
Short summary
To facilitate the exploration of alternative hydrogeological scenarios, we propose to approximate costly physical simulations of contaminant transport by more affordable shortest distances computations. It enables to accept or reject scenarios within a predefined confidence interval. In particular, it can allow to estimate the probability of a fault acting as a preferential path or a barrier.
Alan Robert Alexander Aitken, Ian Delaney, Guillaume Pirot, and Mauro A. Werder
The Cryosphere, 18, 4111–4136, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-4111-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-4111-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Understanding how glaciers generate sediment and transport it to the ocean is important for understanding ocean ecosystems and developing knowledge of the past cryosphere from marine sediments. This paper presents a new way to simulate sediment transport in rivers below ice sheets and glaciers and quantify volumes and characteristics of sediment that can be used to reveal the hidden record of the subglacial environment for both past and present glacial conditions.
Vitaliy Ogarko, Kim Frankcombe, Taige Liu, Jeremie Giraud, Roland Martin, and Mark Jessell
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 2325–2345, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-2325-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-2325-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We present a major release of the Tomofast-x open-source gravity and magnetic inversion code that is enhancing its performance and applicability for both industrial and academic studies. We focus on real-world mineral exploration scenarios, while offering flexibility for applications at regional scale or for crustal studies. The optimisation work described in this paper is fundamental to allowing more complete descriptions of the controls on magnetisation, including remanence.
Jiateng Guo, Xuechuang Xu, Luyuan Wang, Xulei Wang, Lixin Wu, Mark Jessell, Vitaliy Ogarko, Zhibin Liu, and Yufei Zheng
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 957–973, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-957-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-957-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study proposes a semi-supervised learning algorithm using pseudo-labels for 3D geological modelling. We establish a 3D geological model using borehole data from a complex real urban local survey area in Shenyang and make an uncertainty analysis of this model. The method effectively expands the sample space, which is suitable for geomodelling and uncertainty analysis from boreholes. The modelling results perform well in terms of spatial morphology and geological semantics.
Jérémie Giraud, Guillaume Caumon, Lachlan Grose, Vitaliy Ogarko, and Paul Cupillard
Solid Earth, 15, 63–89, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-63-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-63-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We present and test an algorithm that integrates geological modelling into deterministic geophysical inversion. This is motivated by the need to model the Earth using all available data and to reconcile the different types of measurements. We introduce the methodology and test our algorithm using two idealised scenarios. Results suggest that the method we propose is effectively capable of improving the models recovered by geophysical inversion and may be applied in real-world scenarios.
Jiateng Guo, Zhibin Liu, Xulei Wang, Lixin Wu, Shanjun Liu, and Yunqiang Li
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 847–864, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-847-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-847-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study proposes a 3D and temporally dynamic (4D) geological modeling method. Several simulation and actual cases show that the 4D spatial and temporal evolution of regional geological formations can be modeled easily using this method with smooth boundaries. The 4D modeling system can dynamically present the regional geological evolution process under the timeline, which will be helpful to the research and teaching on the formation of typical and complex geological features.
Jérémie Giraud, Hoël Seillé, Mark D. Lindsay, Gerhard Visser, Vitaliy Ogarko, and Mark W. Jessell
Solid Earth, 14, 43–68, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-43-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-43-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We propose and apply a workflow to combine the modelling and interpretation of magnetic anomalies and resistivity anomalies to better image the basement. We test the method on a synthetic case study and apply it to real world data from the Cloncurry area (Queensland, Australia), which is prospective for economic minerals. Results suggest a new interpretation of the composition and structure towards to east of the profile that we modelled.
Guillaume Pirot, Ranee Joshi, Jérémie Giraud, Mark Douglas Lindsay, and Mark Walter Jessell
Geosci. Model Dev., 15, 4689–4708, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-4689-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-4689-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Results of a survey launched among practitioners in the mineral industry show that despite recognising the importance of uncertainty quantification it is not very well performed due to lack of data, time requirements, poor tracking of interpretations and relative complexity of uncertainty quantification. To alleviate the latter, we provide an open-source set of local and global indicators to measure geological uncertainty among an ensemble of geological models.
Richard Scalzo, Mark Lindsay, Mark Jessell, Guillaume Pirot, Jeremie Giraud, Edward Cripps, and Sally Cripps
Geosci. Model Dev., 15, 3641–3662, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-3641-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-3641-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This paper addresses numerical challenges in reasoning about geological models constrained by sensor data, especially models that describe the history of an area in terms of a sequence of events. Our method ensures that small changes in simulated geological features, such as the position of a boundary between two rock layers, do not result in unrealistically large changes to resulting sensor measurements, as occur presently using several popular modeling packages.
Ranee Joshi, Kavitha Madaiah, Mark Jessell, Mark Lindsay, and Guillaume Pirot
Geosci. Model Dev., 14, 6711–6740, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-6711-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-6711-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We have developed a software that allows the user to extract and standardize drill hole information from legacy datasets and/or different drilling campaigns. It also provides functionality to upscale the lithological information. These functionalities were possible by developing thesauri to identify and group geological terminologies together.
Jérémie Giraud, Vitaliy Ogarko, Roland Martin, Mark Jessell, and Mark Lindsay
Geosci. Model Dev., 14, 6681–6709, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-6681-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-6681-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We review different techniques to model the Earth's subsurface from geophysical data (gravity field anomaly, magnetic field anomaly) using geological models and measurements of the rocks' properties. We show examples of application using idealised examples reproducing realistic features and provide theoretical details of the open-source algorithm we use.
Mahtab Rashidifard, Jérémie Giraud, Mark Lindsay, Mark Jessell, and Vitaliy Ogarko
Solid Earth, 12, 2387–2406, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2387-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2387-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
One motivation for this study is to develop a workflow that enables the integration of geophysical datasets with different coverages that are quite common in exploration geophysics. We have utilized a level set approach to achieve this goal. The utilized technique parameterizes the subsurface in the same fashion as geological models. Our results indicate that the approach is capable of integrating information from seismic data in 2D to guide the 3D inversion results of the gravity data.
Lachlan Grose, Laurent Ailleres, Gautier Laurent, Guillaume Caumon, Mark Jessell, and Robin Armit
Geosci. Model Dev., 14, 6197–6213, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-6197-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-6197-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Fault discontinuities in rock packages represent the plane where two blocks of rock have moved. They are challenging to incorporate into geological models because the geometry of the faulted rock units are defined by not only the location of the discontinuity but also the kinematics of the fault. In this paper, we outline a structural geology framework for incorporating faults into geological models by directly incorporating kinematics into the mathematical framework of the model.
Mark Jessell, Vitaliy Ogarko, Yohan de Rose, Mark Lindsay, Ranee Joshi, Agnieszka Piechocka, Lachlan Grose, Miguel de la Varga, Laurent Ailleres, and Guillaume Pirot
Geosci. Model Dev., 14, 5063–5092, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-5063-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-5063-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We have developed software that allows the user to extract sufficient information from unmodified digital maps and associated datasets that we are able to use to automatically build 3D geological models. By automating the process we are able to remove human bias from the procedure, which makes the workflow reproducible.
Lachlan Grose, Laurent Ailleres, Gautier Laurent, and Mark Jessell
Geosci. Model Dev., 14, 3915–3937, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-3915-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-3915-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
LoopStructural is an open-source 3D geological modelling library with a model design allowing for multiple different algorithms to be used for comparison for the same geology. Geological structures are modelled using structural geology concepts and techniques, allowing for complex structures such as overprinted folds and faults to be modelled. In the paper, we demonstrate automatically generating a 3-D model from map2loop-processed geological survey data of the Flinders Ranges, South Australia.
Mark D. Lindsay, Sandra Occhipinti, Crystal Laflamme, Alan Aitken, and Lara Ramos
Solid Earth, 11, 1053–1077, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-1053-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-1053-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Integrated interpretation of multiple datasets is a key skill required for better understanding the composition and configuration of the Earth's crust. Geophysical and 3D geological modelling are used here to aid the interpretation process in investigating anomalous and cryptic geophysical signatures which suggest a more complex structure and history of a Palaeoproterozoic basin in Western Australia.
Jérémie Giraud, Mark Lindsay, Mark Jessell, and Vitaliy Ogarko
Solid Earth, 11, 419–436, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-419-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-419-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We propose a methodology for the identification of rock types using geophysical and geological information. It relies on an algorithm used in machine learning called
self-organizing maps, to which we add plausibility filters to ensure that the results respect base geological rules and geophysical measurements. Application in the Yerrida Basin (Western Australia) reveals that the thinning of prospective greenstone belts at depth could be due to deep structures not seen from surface.
Evren Pakyuz-Charrier, Mark Jessell, Jérémie Giraud, Mark Lindsay, and Vitaliy Ogarko
Solid Earth, 10, 1663–1684, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-1663-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-1663-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
This paper improves the Monte Carlo simulation for uncertainty propagation (MCUP) method for 3-D geological modeling. Topological heterogeneity is observed in the model suite. The study demonstrates that such heterogeneity arises from piecewise nonlinearity inherent to 3-D geological models and contraindicates use of global uncertainty estimation methods. Topological-clustering-driven uncertainty estimation is proposed as a demonstrated alternative to address plausible model heterogeneity.
Richard Scalzo, David Kohn, Hugo Olierook, Gregory Houseman, Rohitash Chandra, Mark Girolami, and Sally Cripps
Geosci. Model Dev., 12, 2941–2960, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-2941-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-2941-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Producing 3-D models of structures under the Earth's surface based on sensor data is a key problem in geophysics (for example, in mining exploration). There may be multiple models that explain the data well. We use the open-source Obsidian software to look at the efficiency of different methods for exploring the model space and attaching probabilities to models, leading to less biased results and a better idea of how sensor data interact with geological assumptions.
Jeremie Giraud, Mark Lindsay, Vitaliy Ogarko, Mark Jessell, Roland Martin, and Evren Pakyuz-Charrier
Solid Earth, 10, 193–210, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-193-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-193-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We propose the quantitative integration of geology and geophysics in an algorithm integrating the probability of observation of rocks with gravity data to improve subsurface imaging. This allows geophysical modelling to adjust models preferentially in the least certain areas while honouring geological information and geophysical data. We validate our algorithm using an idealized case and apply it to the Yerrida Basin (Australia), where we can recover the geometry of buried greenstone belts.
Guillaume Pirot, Tipaluck Krityakierne, David Ginsbourger, and Philippe Renard
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 351–369, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-351-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-351-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
To localize the source of a contaminant in the subsurface, based on concentration observations at some wells, we propose to test different possible locations and minimize the misfit between observed and simulated concentrations. We use a global optimization technique that relies on an expected improvement criterion, which allows a good exploration of the parameter space, avoids the trapping of local minima and quickly localizes the source of the contaminant on the presented synthetic cases.
Hugo K. H. Olierook, Richard Scalzo, David Kohn, Rohitash Chandra, Ehsan Farahbakhsh, Gregory Houseman, Chris Clark, Steven M. Reddy, and R. Dietmar Müller
Solid Earth Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/se-2019-4, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-2019-4, 2019
Revised manuscript not accepted
Evren Pakyuz-Charrier, Mark Lindsay, Vitaliy Ogarko, Jeremie Giraud, and Mark Jessell
Solid Earth, 9, 385–402, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-9-385-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-9-385-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
MCUE is a method that produces probabilistic 3-D geological models by sampling from distributions that represent the uncertainty of the initial input dataset. This process generates numerous plausible datasets used to produce a range of statistically plausible 3-D models which are combined into a single probabilistic model. In this paper, improvements to distribution selection and parameterization for input uncertainty are proposed.
Xiaojun Feng, Enyuan Wang, Jérôme Ganne, Roland Martin, and Mark W. Jessell
Solid Earth Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/se-2017-142, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-2017-142, 2018
Preprint withdrawn
J. Florian Wellmann, Sam T. Thiele, Mark D. Lindsay, and Mark W. Jessell
Geosci. Model Dev., 9, 1019–1035, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-1019-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-1019-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
We often obtain knowledge about the subsurface in the form of structural geological models, as a basis for subsurface usage or resource extraction. Here, we provide a modelling code to construct such models on the basis of significant deformational events in geological history, encapsulated in kinematic equations. Our methods simplify complex dynamic processes, but enable us to evaluate how events interact, and finally how certain we are about predictions of structures in the subsurface.
Related subject area
Geophysics and geodesy
Advancing geodynamic research in Antarctica: reprocessing GNSS data to infer consistent coordinate time series (GIANT-REGAIN)
Airborne gravimetry with quantum technology: observations from Iceland and Greenland
GravIS: mass anomaly products from satellite gravimetry
cigFacies: a massive-scale benchmark dataset of seismic facies and its application
Global digital elevation model (GDEM) product generation by correcting ASTER GDEM elevation with ICESat-2 altimeter data
Regional scale shear wave velocity profiles for ground response analyses uncertainties evaluations – the Piedmont Region (NW Italy) Database
The Italian Archive of Historical Earthquake Data, ASMI
A high-quality Data Set for seismological studies in the East Anatolian Fault Zone, Türkiye
Satellite Altimetry-based Extension of global-scale in situ river discharge Measurements (SAEM)
Synthetic ground motions in heterogeneous geologies from various sources: the HEMEWS-3D database
Seismic survey in urban area: the activities of the EMERSITO INGV emergency group in Ancona (Italy) following the 2022 MW 5.5 Costa Marchigiana-Pesarese earthquake
cigChannel: A massive-scale 3D seismic dataset with labeled paleochannels for advancing deep learning in seismic interpretation
HUST-Grace2024: a new GRACE-only gravity field time series based on more than 20 years of satellite geodesy data and a hybrid processing chain
A new repository of electrical resistivity tomography and ground-penetrating radar data from summer 2022 near Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard
Enriching the GEOFON seismic catalog with automatic energy magnitude estimations
AIUB-GRACE gravity field solutions for G3P: processing strategies and instrument parameterization
GPS displacement dataset for the study of elastic surface mass variations
Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) time series and velocities about a slowly convergent margin processed on high-performance computing (HPC) clusters: products and robustness evaluation
TRIMS LST: a daily 1 km all-weather land surface temperature dataset for China's landmass and surrounding areas (2000–2022)
Comprehensive data set of in situ hydraulic stimulation experiments for geothermal purposes at the Äspö Hard Rock Laboratory (Sweden)
An earthquake focal mechanism catalog for source and tectonic studies in Mexico from February 1928 to July 2022
Global physics-based database of injection-induced seismicity
The Weisweiler passive seismological network: optimised for state-of-the-art location and imaging methods
A global historical twice-daily (daytime and nighttime) land surface temperature dataset produced by Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer observations from 1981 to 2021
Moho depths beneath the European Alps: a homogeneously processed map and receiver functions database
DL-RMD: a geophysically constrained electromagnetic resistivity model database (RMD) for deep learning (DL) applications
The ULR-repro3 GPS data reanalysis and its estimates of vertical land motion at tide gauges for sea level science
In situ stress database of the greater Ruhr region (Germany) derived from hydrofracturing tests and borehole logs
The European Preinstrumental Earthquake Catalogue EPICA, the 1000–1899 catalogue for the European Seismic Hazard Model 2020
Rescue and quality control of historical geomagnetic measurement at Sheshan observatory, China
A newly integrated ground temperature dataset of permafrost along the China–Russia crude oil pipeline route in Northeast China
In situ observations of the Swiss periglacial environment using GNSS instruments
Permafrost changes in the northwestern Da Xing'anling Mountains, Northeast China, in the past decade
British Antarctic Survey's aerogeophysical data: releasing 25 years of airborne gravity, magnetic, and radar datasets over Antarctica
Moment tensor catalogue of earthquakes in West Bohemia from 2008 to 2018
One hundred plus years of recomputed surface wave magnitude of shallow global earthquakes
INSTANCE – the Italian seismic dataset for machine learning
Towards a regional high-resolution bathymetry of the North West Shelf of Australia based on Sentinel-2 satellite images, 3D seismic surveys, and historical datasets
A fine-resolution soil moisture dataset for China in 2002–2018
tTEM20AAR: a benchmark geophysical data set for unconsolidated fluvioglacial sediments
A focal mechanism catalogue of earthquakes that occurred in the southeastern Alps and surrounding areas from 1928–2019
The first pan-Alpine surface-gravity database, a modern compilation that crosses frontiers
Historical K index data collection of Soviet magnetic observatories, 1957–1992
Complementing regional moment magnitudes to GCMT: a perspective from the rebuilt International Seismological Centre Bulletin
Reassessing the lithosphere: SeisDARE, an open-access seismic data repository
Homogenization of the historical series from the Coimbra Magnetic Observatory, Portugal
Synthesis of global actual evapotranspiration from 1982 to 2019
Surface and subsurface characterisation of salt pans expressing polygonal patterns
Early Soviet satellite magnetic field measurements in the years 1964 and 1970
The INSIEME seismic network: a research infrastructure for studying induced seismicity in the High Agri Valley (southern Italy)
Eric Buchta, Mirko Scheinert, Matt A. King, Terry Wilson, Achraf Koulali, Peter J. Clarke, Demián Gómez, Eric Kendrick, Christoph Knöfel, and Peter Busch
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 17, 1761–1780, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-1761-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-1761-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Geodetic GPS measurements in Antarctica have been used to track bedrock displacement, which is vital for understanding geodynamic processes such as plate motion and glacial isostatic adjustment. However, the potential of GPS data has been limited by its partially fragmented availability and unreliable metadata. A new dataset, which spans the period from 1995 to 2021, offers consistently processed coordinate time series for 286 GPS sites and promises to enhance future geodynamic research.
Tim Enzlberger Jensen, Bjørnar Dale, Andreas Stokholm, René Forsberg, Alexandre Bresson, Nassim Zahzam, Alexis Bonnin, and Yannick Bidel
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 17, 1667–1684, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-1667-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-1667-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The availability of data from two airborne gravity campaigns using sensors based on both classical and quantum technology is presented. Data are made available by the European Space Agency as raw, intermediate, and final data products. Here “raw” refers to the sensor output, while “final” refers to the along-track gravity estimates. This makes the data relevant for users interested in applications ranging from data processing and quantum studies to geophysical studies using gravity observations.
Christoph Dahle, Eva Boergens, Ingo Sasgen, Thorben Döhne, Sven Reißland, Henryk Dobslaw, Volker Klemann, Michael Murböck, Rolf König, Robert Dill, Mike Sips, Ulrike Sylla, Andreas Groh, Martin Horwath, and Frank Flechtner
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 17, 611–631, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-611-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-611-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
GRACE and GRACE-FO are unique observing systems to quantify mass changes at the Earth’s surface from space. Time series of these mass changes are of high value for various applications, e.g., in hydrology, glaciology, and oceanography. GravIS (Gravity Information Service) provides easy access to user-friendly, regularly updated mass anomaly products. The portal visualizes and describes these data, aiming to highlight their significance for understanding changes in the climate system.
Hui Gao, Xinming Wu, Xiaoming Sun, Mingcai Hou, Hang Gao, Guangyu Wang, and Hanlin Sheng
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 17, 595–609, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-595-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-595-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We propose three strategies for field seismic data curation, knowledge-guided synthesization, and generative adversarial network (GAN)-based generation to construct a massive-scale, feature-rich, and high-realism benchmark dataset of seismic facies and evaluate its effectiveness in training a deep-learning model for automatic seismic facies classification.
Binbin Li, Huan Xie, Shijie Liu, Zhen Ye, Zhonghua Hong, Qihao Weng, Yuan Sun, Qi Xu, and Xiaohua Tong
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 17, 205–220, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-205-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-205-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We refined the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer Global Digital Elevation Model (ASTER GDEM) with Ice, Cloud, and Land Elevation Satellite 2 data to release a new dataset (IC2-GDEM). It has superior global elevation quality to ASTER GDEM. Its seamless integration with historical ASTER GDEM datasets is essential for longitudinal environmental studies. As a complementary data source to other GDEMs, it enables more reliable and comprehensive scientific discoveries.
Cesare Comina, Guido Maria Adinolfi, Carlo Bertok, Andrea Bertea, Vittorio Giraud, and Pierluigi Pieruccini
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-413, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-413, 2024
Revised manuscript accepted for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
Estimates of earthquake ground motions rely on evaluating soil and rock profiles, with shear wave velocity (Vs) as a key factor. Uncertainty in Vs impacts seismic hazard predictions. Stochastic procedures model this uncertainty, but must be calibrated using detailed geological data and Vs databases. This paper provides a new Vs profile database for Piedmont (NW Italy), integrating geological modeling and geophysical data, supporting similar studies in other regions.
Andrea Rovida, Mario Locati, Andrea Antonucci, and Romano Camassi
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-467, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-467, 2024
Revised manuscript accepted for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
ASMI, the Italian Archive of Historical Earthquake Data, is a data collection that provides seismological data on more than 6600 earthquakes that occurred in Italy and surrounding between 461 BC and today, based on more than 460 data sources. ASMI distributes in diverse ways and formats earthquake parameters, sets of macroseismic intensity, together with the bibliographical reference of the data source and, if possible the data source itself.
Leonardo Colavitti, Dino Bindi, Gabriele Tarchini, Davide Scafidi, Matteo Picozzi, and Daniele Spallarossa
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-448, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-448, 2024
Revised manuscript accepted for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
This work describes a dataset of 5 years of earthquakes with magnitude range 2.0–5.5 from January 2019 along the East Anatolian Fault, Türkiye. All events were located using the Non-Linear Location algorithm, providing reliable horizontal locations and depths. The distributed product includes Fourier Amplitude Spectra, Peak Ground Acceleration and Peak Ground Velocity; we strongly believe that the creation of high-quality, open-source datasets is crucial for any seismological investigation.
Peyman Saemian, Omid Elmi, Molly Stroud, Ryan Riggs, Benjamin M. Kitambo, Fabrice Papa, George H. Allen, and Mohammad J. Tourian
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-406, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-406, 2024
Revised manuscript accepted for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
Our study addresses the need for better river discharge data, crucial for water management, by expanding global gauge networks with satellite data. We used satellite altimetry to estimate river discharge for over 8,700 stations worldwide, filling gaps in existing records. Our data set, SAEM supports a better understanding of water systems, helping to manage water resources more effectively, especially in regions with limited monitoring infrastructure.
Fanny Lehmann, Filippo Gatti, Michaël Bertin, and Didier Clouteau
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 3949–3972, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-3949-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-3949-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Numerical simulations are a promising approach to characterizing the intensity of ground motion in the presence of geological uncertainties. However, the computational cost of 3D simulations can limit their usability. We present the first database of seismic-induced ground motion generated by an earthquake simulator for a collection of 30 000 heterogeneous geologies. The HEMEWS-3D dataset can be helpful for geophysicists, seismologists, and machine learning scientists, among others.
Daniela Famiani, Fabrizio Cara, Giuseppe Di Giulio, Giovanna Cultrera, Francesca Pacor, Sara Lovati, Gaetano Riccio, Maurizio Vassallo, Giulio Brunelli, Antonio Costanzo, Antonella Bobbio, Marta Pischiutta, Rodolfo Puglia, Marco Massa, Rocco Cogliano, Salomon Hailemikael, Alessia Mercuri, Giuliano Milana, Luca Minarelli, Alessandro Di Filippo, Lucia Nardone, Simone Marzorati, Chiara Ladina, Debora Pantaleo, Carlo Calamita, Maria Grazia Ciaccio, Antonio Fodarella, Stefania Pucillo, Giuliana Mele, Carla Bottari, Gaetano De Luca, Luigi Falco, Antonino Memmolo, Giulia Sgattoni, and Gabriele Tarabusi
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-162, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-162, 2024
Revised manuscript accepted for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
This paper describes data and preliminary analyses made by the INGV emergency task force EMERSITO, devoted to site effects and seismic microzonation studies, following the November 9th, 2022, MW 5.5 earthquake (Adriatic sea, Italy). Considering the earthquake affected area, EMERSITO deployed a temporary seismic network of 11 stations (net code 6N) sampling different geological units in the urban area of Ancona, the regional capital of Marche, and operated from November 2022 to February 2023.
Guangyu Wang, Xinming Wu, and Wen Zhang
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-131, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-131, 2024
Revised manuscript accepted for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
Seismic paleochannel interpretation is essential for hydrocarbon exploration and paleoclimate studies but remains labor-intensive. Deep learning (DL) is promising to automate it but hindered by the lack of labeled data. We propose a workflow to simulate various channels and realistic seismic volumes, yielding the largest 3D seismic dataset with diverse channel labels. Its effectiveness is proven by field applications. The dataset, codes and DL models are released to advance further research.
Hao Zhou, Lijun Zheng, Yaozong Li, Xiang Guo, Zebing Zhou, and Zhicai Luo
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 3261–3281, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-3261-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-3261-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The satellite gravimetry mission Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) and its follower GRACE-FO play a vital role in monitoring mass transportation on Earth. Based on the latest observation data derived from GRACE and GRACE-FO and an updated data processing chain, a new monthly temporal gravity field series, HUST-Grace2024, was determined.
Francesca Pace, Andrea Vergnano, Alberto Godio, Gerardo Romano, Luigi Capozzoli, Ilaria Baneschi, Marco Doveri, and Alessandro Santilano
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 3171–3192, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-3171-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-3171-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We present the geophysical data set acquired close to Ny-Ålesund (Svalbard islands) for the characterization of glacial and hydrological processes and features. The data have been organized in a repository that includes both raw and processed (filtered) data and some representative results of 2D models of the subsurface. This data set can foster multidisciplinary scientific collaborations among many disciplines: hydrology, glaciology, climatology, geology, geomorphology, etc.
Dino Bindi, Riccardo Zaccarelli, Angelo Strollo, Domenico Di Giacomo, Andres Heinloo, Peter Evans, Fabrice Cotton, and Frederik Tilmann
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 1733–1745, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1733-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1733-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The size of an earthquake is often described by a single number called the magnitude. Among the possible magnitude scales, the seismic moment (Mw) and the radiated energy (Me) scales are based on physical parameters describing the rupture process. Since these two magnitude scales provide complementary information that can be used for seismic hazard assessment and for seismic risk mitigation, we complement the Mw catalog disseminated by the GEOFON Data Centre with Me values.
Neda Darbeheshti, Martin Lasser, Ulrich Meyer, Daniel Arnold, and Adrian Jäggi
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 1589–1599, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1589-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1589-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This paper discusses strategies to improve the GRACE gravity field monthly solutions computed at the Astronomical Institute of the University of Bern. We updated the input observations and background models, as well as improving processing strategies in terms of instrument data screening and instrument parameterization.
Athina Peidou, Donald F. Argus, Felix W. Landerer, David N. Wiese, and Matthias Ellmer
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 1317–1332, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1317-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1317-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study recommends a framework for preparing and processing vertical land displacements derived from GPS positioning for future integration with Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) and GRACE-Follow On (GRACE-FO) measurements. We derive GPS estimates that only reflect surface mass signals and evaluate them against GRACE (and GRACE-FO). We also quantify uncertainty of GPS vertical land displacement estimates using various uncertainty quantification methods.
Lavinia Tunini, Andrea Magrin, Giuliana Rossi, and David Zuliani
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 1083–1106, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1083-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1083-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study presents 20-year time series of more than 350 GNSS stations located in NE Italy and surroundings, together with the outgoing velocities. An overview of the input data, station information, data processing and solution quality is provided. The documented dataset constitutes a crucial and complete source of information about the deformation of an active but slowly converging margin over the last 2 decades, also contributing to the regional seismic hazard assessment of NE Italy.
Wenbin Tang, Ji Zhou, Jin Ma, Ziwei Wang, Lirong Ding, Xiaodong Zhang, and Xu Zhang
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 387–419, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-387-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-387-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This paper reported a daily 1 km all-weather land surface temperature (LST) dataset for Chinese land mass and surrounding areas – TRIMS LST. The results of a comprehensive evaluation show that TRIMS LST has the following special features: the longest time coverage in its class, high image quality, and good accuracy. TRIMS LST has already been released to the scientific community, and a series of its applications have been reported by the literature.
Arno Zang, Peter Niemz, Sebastian von Specht, Günter Zimmermann, Claus Milkereit, Katrin Plenkers, and Gerd Klee
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 295–310, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-295-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-295-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We present experimental data collected in 2015 at Äspö Hard Rock Laboratory. We created six cracks in a rock mass by injecting water into a borehole. The cracks were monitored using special sensors to study how the water affected the rock. The goal of the experiment was to figure out how to create a system for generating heat from the rock that is better than what has been done before. The data collected from this experiment are important for future research into generating energy from rocks.
Quetzalcoatl Rodríguez-Pérez and F. Ramón Zúñiga
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 4781–4801, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-4781-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-4781-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We present a comprehensive catalog of focal mechanisms for earthquakes in Mexico and neighboring areas spanning February 1928 to July 2022. The catalog comprises a wide range of earthquake magnitudes and depths and includes data from diverse geological environments. We collected and revised focal mechanism data from various sources and methods. The catalog is a valuable resource for future studies on earthquake source mechanisms, tectonics, and seismic hazard in the region.
Iman R. Kivi, Auregan Boyet, Haiqing Wu, Linus Walter, Sara Hanson-Hedgecock, Francesco Parisio, and Victor Vilarrasa
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 3163–3182, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3163-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3163-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Induced seismicity has posed significant challenges to secure deployment of geo-energy projects. Through a review of published documents, we present a worldwide, multi-physical database of injection-induced seismicity. The database contains information about in situ rock, tectonic and geologic characteristics, operational parameters, and seismicity for various subsurface energy-related activities. The data allow for an improved understanding and management of injection-induced seismicity.
Claudia Finger, Marco P. Roth, Marco Dietl, Aileen Gotowik, Nina Engels, Rebecca M. Harrington, Brigitte Knapmeyer-Endrun, Klaus Reicherter, Thomas Oswald, Thomas Reinsch, and Erik H. Saenger
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 2655–2666, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2655-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2655-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Passive seismic analyses are a key technology for geothermal projects. The Lower Rhine Embayment, at the western border of North Rhine-Westphalia in Germany, is a geologically complex region with high potential for geothermal exploitation. Here, we report on a passive seismic dataset recorded with 48 seismic stations and a total extent of 20 km. We demonstrate that the network design allows for the application of state-of-the-art seismological methods.
Jia-Hao Li, Zhao-Liang Li, Xiangyang Liu, and Si-Bo Duan
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 2189–2212, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2189-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2189-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) is the only sensor that has the advantages of frequent revisits (twice per day), relatively high spatial resolution (4 km at the nadir), global coverage, and easy access prior to 2000. This study developed a global historical twice-daily LST product for 1981–2021 based on AVHRR GAC data. The product is suitable for detecting and analyzing climate changes over the past 4 decades.
Konstantinos Michailos, György Hetényi, Matteo Scarponi, Josip Stipčević, Irene Bianchi, Luciana Bonatto, Wojciech Czuba, Massimo Di Bona, Aladino Govoni, Katrin Hannemann, Tomasz Janik, Dániel Kalmár, Rainer Kind, Frederik Link, Francesco Pio Lucente, Stephen Monna, Caterina Montuori, Stefan Mroczek, Anne Paul, Claudia Piromallo, Jaroslava Plomerová, Julia Rewers, Simone Salimbeni, Frederik Tilmann, Piotr Środa, Jérôme Vergne, and the AlpArray-PACASE Working Group
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 2117–2138, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2117-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2117-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We examine the spatial variability of the crustal thickness beneath the broader European Alpine region by using teleseismic earthquake information (receiver functions) on a large amount of seismic waveform data. We compile a new Moho depth map of the broader European Alps and make our results freely available. We anticipate that our results can potentially provide helpful hints for interdisciplinary imaging and numerical modeling studies.
Muhammad Rizwan Asif, Nikolaj Foged, Thue Bording, Jakob Juul Larsen, and Anders Vest Christiansen
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 1389–1401, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-1389-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-1389-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
To apply a deep learning (DL) algorithm to electromagnetic (EM) methods, subsurface resistivity models and/or the corresponding EM responses are often required. To date, there are no standardized EM datasets, which hinders the progress and evolution of DL methods due to data inconsistency. Therefore, we present a large-scale physics-driven model database of geologically plausible and EM-resolvable subsurface models to incorporate consistency and reliability into DL applications for EM methods.
Médéric Gravelle, Guy Wöppelmann, Kevin Gobron, Zuheir Altamimi, Mikaël Guichard, Thomas Herring, and Paul Rebischung
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 497–509, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-497-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-497-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We produced a reanalysis of GNSS data near tide gauges worldwide within the International GNSS Service. It implements advances in data modelling and corrections, extending the record length by about 7 years. A 28 % reduction in station velocity uncertainties is achieved over the previous solution. These estimates of vertical land motion at the coast supplement data from satellite altimetry or tide gauges for an improved understanding of sea level changes and their impacts along coastal areas.
Michal Kruszewski, Gerd Klee, Thomas Niederhuber, and Oliver Heidbach
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 5367–5385, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-5367-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-5367-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The authors assemble an in situ stress magnitude and orientation database based on 429 hydrofracturing tests that were carried out in six coal mines and two coal bed methane boreholes between 1986 and 1995 within the greater Ruhr region (Germany). Our study summarises the results of the extensive in situ stress test campaign and assigns quality to each data record using the established quality ranking schemes of the World Stress Map project.
Andrea Rovida, Andrea Antonucci, and Mario Locati
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 5213–5231, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-5213-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-5213-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
EPICA is the 1000–1899 catalogue compiled for the European Seismic Hazard Model 2020 and contains 5703 earthquakes with Mw ≥ 4.0. It relies on the data of the European Archive of Historical Earthquake Data (AHEAD), both macroseismic intensities from historical seismological studies and parameters from regional catalogues. For each earthquake, the most representative datasets were selected and processed in order to derive harmonised parameters, both from intensity data and parametric catalogues.
Suqin Zhang, Changhua Fu, Jianjun Wang, Guohao Zhu, Chuanhua Chen, Shaopeng He, Pengkun Guo, and Guoping Chang
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 5195–5212, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-5195-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-5195-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The Sheshan observatory has nearly 150 years of observation history, and its observation data have important scientific value. However, with time, these precious historical data face the risk of damage and loss. We have carried out a series of rescues on the historical data of the Sheshan observatory. New historical datasets were released, including the quality-controlled absolute hourly mean values of three components (D, H, and Z) from 1933 to 2019.
Guoyu Li, Wei Ma, Fei Wang, Huijun Jin, Alexander Fedorov, Dun Chen, Gang Wu, Yapeng Cao, Yu Zhou, Yanhu Mu, Yuncheng Mao, Jun Zhang, Kai Gao, Xiaoying Jin, Ruixia He, Xinyu Li, and Yan Li
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 5093–5110, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-5093-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-5093-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
A permafrost monitoring network was established along the China–Russia crude oil pipeline (CRCOP) route at the eastern flank of the northern Da Xing'anling Mountains in Northeast China. The resulting datasets fill the gaps in the spatial coverage of mid-latitude mountain permafrost databases. Results show that permafrost warming has been extensively observed along the CRCOP route, and local disturbances triggered by the CRCOPs have resulted in significant permafrost thawing.
Alessandro Cicoira, Samuel Weber, Andreas Biri, Ben Buchli, Reynald Delaloye, Reto Da Forno, Isabelle Gärtner-Roer, Stephan Gruber, Tonio Gsell, Andreas Hasler, Roman Lim, Philippe Limpach, Raphael Mayoraz, Matthias Meyer, Jeannette Noetzli, Marcia Phillips, Eric Pointner, Hugo Raetzo, Cristian Scapozza, Tazio Strozzi, Lothar Thiele, Andreas Vieli, Daniel Vonder Mühll, Vanessa Wirz, and Jan Beutel
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 5061–5091, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-5061-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-5061-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This paper documents a monitoring network of 54 positions, located on different periglacial landforms in the Swiss Alps: rock glaciers, landslides, and steep rock walls. The data serve basic research but also decision-making and mitigation of natural hazards. It is the largest dataset of its kind, comprising over 209 000 daily positions and additional weather data.
Xiaoli Chang, Huijun Jin, Ruixia He, Yanlin Zhang, Xiaoying Li, Xiaoying Jin, and Guoyu Li
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 3947–3959, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-3947-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-3947-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Based on 10-year observations of ground temperatures in seven deep boreholes in Gen’he, Mangui, and Yituli’he, a wide range of mean annual ground temperatures at the depth of 20 m (−2.83 to −0.49 ℃) and that of annual maximum thawing depth (about 1.1 to 7.0 m) have been revealed. This study demonstrates that most trajectories of permafrost changes in Northeast China are ground warming and permafrost degradation, except that the shallow permafrost is cooling in Yituli’he.
Alice C. Frémand, Julien A. Bodart, Tom A. Jordan, Fausto Ferraccioli, Carl Robinson, Hugh F. J. Corr, Helen J. Peat, Robert G. Bingham, and David G. Vaughan
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 3379–3410, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-3379-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-3379-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents the release of large swaths of airborne geophysical data (including gravity, magnetics, and radar) acquired between 1994 and 2020 over Antarctica by the British Antarctic Survey. These include a total of 64 datasets from 24 different surveys, amounting to >30 % of coverage over the Antarctic Ice Sheet. This paper discusses how these data were acquired and processed and presents the methods used to standardize and publish the data in an interactive and reproducible manner.
Václav Vavryčuk, Petra Adamová, Jana Doubravová, and Josef Horálek
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 2179–2194, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-2179-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-2179-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We present a unique catalogue of more than 5100 highly accurate seismic moment tensors of earthquakes that occurred in West Bohemia, Czech Republic, in the period 2008–2018. The catalogue covers a long period of seismicity with several prominent earthquake swarms. The dataset is ideal for being utilized by a large community of researchers for various seismological purposes such as for studies of migration of foci, spatiotemporal evolution of seismicity, tectonic stress, or fluid flow on faults.
Domenico Di Giacomo and Dmitry A. Storchak
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 393–409, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-393-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-393-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The surface wave magnitude Ms is the only magnitude type that can be computed since the dawn of modern observational seismology (beginning
of the last century) for most shallow earthquakes worldwide. As a result of a 10+ year effort to digitize pre-1971 measurements of surface wave amplitudes and periods from printed bulletins, we are able to recompute Ms using a large set of stations and obtain it for the first time for several hundred earthquakes.
Alberto Michelini, Spina Cianetti, Sonja Gaviano, Carlo Giunchi, Dario Jozinović, and Valentino Lauciani
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 5509–5544, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-5509-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-5509-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We present a dataset consisting of seismic waveforms and associated metadata to be used primarily for seismologically oriented machine-learning (ML) studies. The dataset includes about 1.3 M three-component seismograms of fixed 120 s length, sampled at 100 Hz and recorded by more than 600 stations in Italy. The dataset is subdivided into seismograms deriving from earthquakes (~ 1.2 M) and from seismic noise (~ 130 000). The ~ 54 000 earthquakes range in magnitude from 0 to 6.5 from 2005 to 2020.
Ulysse Lebrec, Victorien Paumard, Michael J. O'Leary, and Simon C. Lang
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 5191–5212, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-5191-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-5191-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents an integrated workflow that builds on satellite images and 3D seismic surveys, integrated with historical depth soundings, to generate regional high-resolution digital elevation models (DEMs). The workflow was applied to the North West Shelf of Australia and led to the creation of new DEMs, with a resolution of 10 × 10 m in nearshore areas and 30 × 30 m elsewhere over an area of nearly 1 000 000 km2. This constitutes a major improvement of the pre-existing 250 × 250 m DEM.
Xiangjin Meng, Kebiao Mao, Fei Meng, Jiancheng Shi, Jiangyuan Zeng, Xinyi Shen, Yaokui Cui, Lingmei Jiang, and Zhonghua Guo
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 3239–3261, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-3239-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-3239-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
In order to improve the accuracy of China's regional agricultural drought monitoring and climate change research, we produced a long-term series of soil moisture products by constructing a time and depth correction model for three soil moisture products with the help of ground observation data. The spatial resolution is improved by building a spatial weight decomposition model, and validation indicates that the new product can meet application needs.
Alexis Neven, Pradip Kumar Maurya, Anders Vest Christiansen, and Philippe Renard
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 2743–2752, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-2743-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-2743-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The shallow underground is constituted of sediments that present high spatial variability. This upper layer is the most extensively used for resource exploitation (groundwater, geothermal heat, construction materials, etc.). Understanding and modeling the spatial variability of these deposits is crucial. We present a high-resolution electrical resistivity dataset that covers the upper Aare Valley in Switzerland. These data can help develop methods to characterize these geological formations.
Angela Saraò, Monica Sugan, Gianni Bressan, Gianfranco Renner, and Andrea Restivo
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 2245–2258, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-2245-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-2245-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Focal mechanisms describe the orientation of the fault on which an earthquake occurs and the slip direction. They are necessary to understand seismotectonic processes and for seismic hazard analysis. We present a focal mechanism catalogue of 772 selected earthquakes of
1.8 ≤ M ≤ 6.5 that occurred in the southeastern Alps and surrounding areas from 1928 to 2019. For each earthquake, we report focal mechanisms from the literature and newly computed solutions, and we suggest a preferred one.
Pavol Zahorec, Juraj Papčo, Roman Pašteka, Miroslav Bielik, Sylvain Bonvalot, Carla Braitenberg, Jörg Ebbing, Gerald Gabriel, Andrej Gosar, Adam Grand, Hans-Jürgen Götze, György Hetényi, Nils Holzrichter, Edi Kissling, Urs Marti, Bruno Meurers, Jan Mrlina, Ema Nogová, Alberto Pastorutti, Corinne Salaun, Matteo Scarponi, Josef Sebera, Lucia Seoane, Peter Skiba, Eszter Szűcs, and Matej Varga
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 2165–2209, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-2165-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-2165-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The gravity field of the Earth expresses the overall effect of the distribution of different rocks at depth with their distinguishing densities. Our work is the first to present the high-resolution gravity map of the entire Alpine orogen, for which high-quality land and sea data were reprocessed with the exact same calculation procedures. The results reflect the local and regional structure of the Alpine lithosphere in great detail. The database is hereby openly shared to serve further research.
Natalia Sergeyeva, Alexei Gvishiani, Anatoly Soloviev, Lyudmila Zabarinskaya, Tamara Krylova, Mikhail Nisilevich, and Roman Krasnoperov
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 1987–1999, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-1987-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-1987-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The K index is the classical, commonly used parameter of geomagnetic activity that serves as the measure of local magnetic field variations. This paper presents a unique collection of historical K index values that was formed at the World Data Center for Solar-Terrestrial Physics in Moscow. It includes the results of the K index determination at 41 geomagnetic observatories of the former USSR for the period from July 1957 to the early 1990s.
Domenico Di Giacomo, James Harris, and Dmitry A. Storchak
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 1957–1985, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-1957-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-1957-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We provide a comprehensive overview of the content in terms of moment magnitude (Mw) in the Bulletin of the International Seismological Centre (ISC). Mw is the preferred magnitude to characterize earthquakes in various research topics (e.g. Earth seismicity rates) and other applications (e.g. seismic hazard). We describe first the contribution of global agencies and agencies operating at a regional scale and then discuss features of Mw via different sets of comparisons.
Irene DeFelipe, Juan Alcalde, Monika Ivandic, David Martí, Mario Ruiz, Ignacio Marzán, Jordi Diaz, Puy Ayarza, Imma Palomeras, Jose-Luis Fernandez-Turiel, Cecilia Molina, Isabel Bernal, Larry Brown, Roland Roberts, and Ramon Carbonell
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 1053–1071, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-1053-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-1053-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Seismic data provide critical information about the structure of the lithosphere, and their preservation is essential for innovative research reusing data. The Seismic DAta REpository (SeisDARE) comprises legacy and recently acquired seismic data in the Iberian Peninsula and Morocco. This database has been built by a network of different institutions that promote multidisciplinary research. We aim to make seismic data easily available to the research, industry, and educational communities.
Anna L. Morozova, Paulo Ribeiro, and M. Alexandra Pais
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 809–825, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-809-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-809-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The Coimbra Magnetic Observatory (COI), Portugal, established in 1866, has provided nearly continuous records of the geomagnetic field for more than 150 years. However, during its long lifetime inevitable changes to the instruments and measurement procedures and even the relocation of the observatory have taken place. Such changes affect the quality of the measurements, introducing false (artificial) variations. We analyzed COI historical data to find and correct such artificial variations.
Abdelrazek Elnashar, Linjiang Wang, Bingfang Wu, Weiwei Zhu, and Hongwei Zeng
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 447–480, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-447-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-447-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Based on a site-pixel validation and comparison of different global evapotranspiration (ET) products, this paper aims to produce a synthesized ET which has a minimum level of uncertainty over as many conditions as possible from 1982 to 2019. Through a high-quality flux eddy covariance (EC) covering the globe, PML, SSEBop, MOD16A2105, and NTSG ET products were chosen to create the new dataset. It agreed well with flux EC ET and can be used without other datasets or further assessments.
Jana Lasser, Joanna M. Nield, and Lucas Goehring
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 2881–2898, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-2881-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-2881-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The publication presents six data sets that describe the surface and subsurface characteristics of salt deserts in southern California. The data were collected during two field studies in 2016 and 2018 and are used to investigate the origins of the eye-catching hexagonal salt ridge patterns that emerge in such deserts. It is important to understand how these salt crusts grow since these deserts and their dynamic surface structure play a major role in the emission of dust into the atmosphere.
Roman Krasnoperov, Dmitry Peregoudov, Renata Lukianova, Anatoly Soloviev, and Boris Dzeboev
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 555–561, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-555-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-555-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The paper presents a collection of magnetic field measurements performed by early Soviet magnetic satellite missions Kosmos-49 (1964) and Kosmos-321 (1970). These data were used as initial data for analysis of the structure of the Earth’s magnetic field sources and for compilation of a series of its analytical models. The most notable model that employed Kosmos-49 data was the first generation of the International Geomagnetic Reference Field for epoch 1965.0.
Tony Alfredo Stabile, Vincenzo Serlenga, Claudio Satriano, Marco Romanelli, Erwan Gueguen, Maria Rosaria Gallipoli, Ermann Ripepi, Jean-Marie Saurel, Serena Panebianco, Jessica Bellanova, and Enrico Priolo
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 519–538, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-519-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-519-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents data collected by a seismic network developed in the framework of the INSIEME project aimed to study induced seismicity processes. The network is composed of eight stations deployed around two clusters of induced microearthquakes in the High Agri Valley (southern Italy). The solutions for reducing the background noise level are presented and the quality of acquired data is discussed. Such open-access data can be used by the scientific community for different applications.
Cited articles
Astfalck, L., Cripps, E., Gosling, J. P., Hodkiewicz, M., and Milne, I.:
Expert elicitation of directional metocean parameters, Ocean Eng.,
161, 268–276, 2018.
Astfalck, L., Cripps, E., Gosling, J. P., and Milne, I.: Emulation of vessel
motion simulators for computationally efficient uncertainty quantification,
Ocean Eng., 172, 726–736, 2019.
Athens, N. and Caers, J.: Stochastic Inversion of Gravity Data Accounting
for Structural Uncertainty, Math. Geosci.,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11004-021-09978-2, 2021.
Caumon, G.: Towards stochastic time-varying geological modeling,
Math. Geosci., 42, 555–569, 2010.
Cherpeau, N., Caumon, G., Caers, J., and Levy, B. E.: Method for Stochastic
Inverse Modeling of Fault Geometry and Connectivity Using Flow Data,
Math. Geosci., 44, 147–168, 2012.
Clark, D. A., Geuna, S., and Schmidt, P. W.: Predictive magnetic
exploration models for porphyry, Epithermal and iron oxide copper-gold
deposits: Implications for exploration, Short course manual for AMIRA p700
project, available at:
https://confluence.csiro.au/download/attachments/26574957/Clark%20etal%202004%20P700%20CSIRO%201073Rs.pdf?version=2andmodificationDate=1460597746010andapi=v2https://confluence.csiro.au/download/attachments/26574957/Clark%20etal%202004%20P700%20CSIRO%201073Rs.pdf?version=2andmodificationDate=1460597746010andapi=v2 (last access: 27 January 2022), 2004.
Cockett, R., Lindsey, S. K., Heagy, J., Pidlisecky, A., and Oldenburg, D. W.:
SimPEG: An open-source framework for simulation and gradient based
parameter estimation in geophysical applications, Comput.
Geosci., 85, 142–154, 2015.
Dramsch, J. S.: 70 years of machine learning in geoscience in review,
Adv. Geophys., 61, 1–55, 2020.
Farrell, S. M., Jessell, M. W., and Barr, T. D.: Inversion of Geological and
Geophysical Data Sets Using Genetic Algorithms, Society of Exploration
Geophysicists Extended Abstract, 1404–1406, 1996.
Gallardo, L. A. and Meju, M. A.: Joint two-dimensional DC resistivity and seismic travel time inversion with cross-gradients constraints, J. Geophys. Res., 109, B03311, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003JB002716, 2004.
Geoscience BC: Development and Application of a Rock Property Database for British Columbia, Geoscience BC Project Report 2008-9, Geoscience BC [dataset], 66 pp., available at: https://catalogue.data.gov.bc.ca/dataset/rock-properties-database (last access: 27 January 2022),
2008.
Giraud, J., Ogarko, V., Martin, R., Jessell, M., and Lindsay, M.: Structural, petrophysical, and geological constraints in potential field inversion using the Tomofast-x v1.0 open-source code, Geosci. Model Dev., 14, 6681–6709, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-6681-2021, 2021.
Guo, J., Li, Y., Jessell, M., Giraud, J., Li, C., Wu, L., Li, F., and Liu, S.: 3D
Geological Structure Inversion from Noddy-Generated Magnetic Data Using Deep
Learning Methods, Comput. Geosci., 149, 104701, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2021.104701, 2021.
Haber, E. and Oldenburg, D. W.: Joint Inversion: A Structural Approach, Inverse Problems, 13, 63–77, https://doi.org/10.1088/0266-5611/13/1/006, 1997.
Jessell, M., Ogarko, V., de Rose, Y., Lindsay, M., Joshi, R., Piechocka, A., Grose, L., de la Varga, M., Ailleres, L., and Pirot, G.: Automated geological map deconstruction for 3D model construction using map2loop 1.0 and map2model 1.0, Geosci. Model Dev., 14, 5063–5092, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-5063-2021, 2021.
Jessell, M. W.: NODDY – An interactive map creation package, Unpublished MSc,
University of London, 1981.
Jessell, M. W.: An atlas of structural geophysics II, Journal of the
Virtual explorer, 5, available at: https://virtualexplorer.com.au/journal/2001/05 (last access: 27 January 2022), 2002.
Jessell, M. W.: Loop3D/noddyverse: Noddyverse 1.0.1, Zenodo [data set, code], https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4589883, 2021.
Jessell, M. W. and Valenta, R. K.: Structural Geophysics: Integrated
structural and geophysical mapping, in: Structural Geology and Personal
Computers, edited by: DePaor, D. G., Elsevier Science Ltd, Oxford, 542 pp.,
1996.
Jessell, M. W., Ailleres, L., and Kemp, A. E.: Towards an integrated
inversion of geoscientific data: What price of geology?, Tectonophysics,
490, 294–306, 2010.
Karpatne, A., Ebert-Uphoff, I., Ravela, S., Ali Babaie, H., and Kumar, V.:
Machine Learning for the Geosciences: Challenges and Opportunities, IEEE
T. Knowl. Data En., 31, 1544–1554, https://doi.org/10.1109/TKDE.2018.2861006, 2017.
Kennedy, M., Anderson, C., O'Hagan, A., Lomas, M., Woodward, I., Gosling,
J. P., and Heinemeyer, A.: Quantifying uncertainty in the biospheric carbon flux
for England and Wales, J. Roy. Stat. Soc. Ser. A,
171, 109–135, 2008.
Kollias, D. and Zafeiriou, S.: Expression, affect, action unit recognition:
Aff-wild2, multi-task learning and arcface, British Machine Vision
Conference (BMVC), arXiv [preprint], arXiv:1910.04855, 2019.
Lark, R. M., Lawley, R. S., Barron, A. J. M., Aldiss, D. T., Ambrose, K., Cooper, A. H., Lee, J. R., and Waters, C. N.: Uncertainty in mapped geological boundaries held by a national geological survey: eliciting the geologists' tacit error model, Solid Earth, 6, 727–745, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-6-727-2015, 2015.
Li, Y. and Oldenburg, D. W.: 3-D inversion of gravity data, Geophysics,
63, 109–119, 1998.
Lindsay, M., Ailleres, L., Jessell, M. W., de Kemp, E., and Betts, P. G.:
Locating and quantifying geological uncertainty in three-dimensional models:
Analysis of the Gippsland Basin, Southeastern Australia. Tectonophysics,
546–547, 10–27, 2012.
Lindsay, M., Perrouty, S., Jessell, M. W., and Ailleres, L.: Inversion and
geodiversity: Searching model space for the answers, Math.
Geosci., 46, 971–1010, 2014.
Lindsay, M. D., Jessell, M. W., Ailleres, L., Perrouty, S., de Kemp, E.,
and Betts, P. G.: Geodiversity: Exploration of 3D geological model space,
Tectonophysics, 594, 27–37, 2013a.
Lindsay, M. D., Perrouty, S., Jessell, M. W., and Ailleres, L.: Making the
link between geological and geophysical uncertainty: Geodiversity in the
Ashanti Greenstone Belt, Geophys. J. Int., 195,
903–922, 2013b.
Lu, S., Whitmore, N. D., Valenciano, A. A., and Chemingui, N.: Imaging of
primaries and multiples with 3D SEAM synthetic, SEG Technical Program
Expanded Abstracts, 3217–3221, https://doi.org/10.1190/1.3627864, 2011.
Ogarko, V., Giraud, J., Martin, R., and Jessell, M.: Disjoint interval
bound constraints using the alternating direction method of multipliers for
geologically constrained inversion: Application to gravity data, Geophysics,
86, G1–G11, https://doi.org/10.1190/geo2019-0633.1, 2021.
O'Hagan, A., Buck, C. E., Daneshkhah, A., Eiser, J. R., Garthwaite, P. H.,
Jenkinson, D. J., Oakley, J. E., and Rakow, T.: Uncertain judgements: Eliciting
experts' probabilities, 1st edn., John Wiley and Sons, https://doi.org/10.1002/0470033312, 2006.
Pakyuz-Charrier, E., Giraud, J., Ogarko, V., Lindsay, M., and Jessell, M.:
Drillhole uncertainty propagation for three-dimensional geological modelling
using Monte Carlo, Tectonophysics, 747–748, 16–39, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2018.09.005, 2018a.
Pakyuz-Charrier, E., Lindsay, M., Ogarko, V., Giraud, J., and Jessell, M.: Monte Carlo simulation for uncertainty estimation on structural data in implicit 3-D geological modeling, a guide for disturbance distribution selection and parameterization, Solid Earth, 9, 385–402, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-9-385-2018, 2018b.
Pakyuz-Charrier, E., Jessell, M., Giraud, J., Lindsay, M., and Ogarko, V.: Topological analysis in Monte Carlo simulation for uncertainty propagation, Solid Earth, 10, 1663–1684, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-1663-2019, 2019.
Salem, A., Green, C., Cheyney, C., Fairhead, J. D., Aboud, E., and Campbell, S.:
Mapping the depth to magnetic basement using inversion of pseudogravity,
application to the Bishop model and the Stord Basin, northern North Sea,
Interpretation 2, 1M-T127, https://doi.org/10.1190/INT-2013-0105.1 , 2014.
Shragge, J., Bourget, J., Lumley, D., and Giraud, J.: The Western Australia
Modeling (WAMo) Project. Part I: Geomodel Building, Interpretation,
7, 1–67, 2019a.
Shragge, J., Lumley, D., Bourget, J., Potter, T., Miyoshi, T., Witten, B.,
Giraud, J., Wilson, T., Iqbal, A., Emami Niri, M., and Whitney, B.: The Western
Australia Modeling (WAMo) Project. Part 2: Seismic Validation,
Interpretation, 7, 1–62, 2019b.
Thiele, S. T., Jessell, M. W., Lindsay, M., Ogarko, V., Wellmann, F., and
Pakyuz-Charrier, E.: The Topology of Geology 1: Topological Analysis,
J. Struct. Geol., 91, 27–38, 2016a.
Thiele, S. T., Jessell, M. W., Lindsay, M., Wellmann, F., and Pakyuz-Charrier, E.:
The Topology of Geology 2: Topological Uncertainty, J.
Struct. Geol., 91, 74–87, 2016b.
Van der Baan, M. and Jutten, C.: Neural networks in geophysical applications,
Geophysics, 65, 1032–1047, 2000.
Versteeg, R.: The Marmousi experience: Velocity model determination on a
synthetic complex data set, The Leading Edge, 5, 927–936, 1994.
Walker, M. and Curtis, A.: Eliciting spatial statistics from geological
experts using genetic algorithms, Geophys. J. Int.,
198, 342–356, https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggu132,
2014.
Wellmann, F. and Regenauer-Lieb, K.: Uncertainties have a meaning:
Information entropy as a quality measure for 3-D geological models,
Tectonophysics, 526, 207–216, 2012.
Wellmann, F., Horowitz, F. G., Schill, E., and Regenauer-Lieb, K.: Towards
incorporating uncertainty of structural data in 3D geological inversion,
Tectonophysics, 490, 141–151, 2010.
Wellmann, F., de la Varga, M., Murdie, R. E., Gessner, K., and Jessell, M.
W.: Uncertainty estimation for a geological model of the Sandstone
greenstone belt, Western Australia – Insights from integrated geological and
geophysical inversion in a Bayesian inference framework, Geological Society,
London, Special Publications, 453, 41–52, 2017.
Wellmann, J. F., Lindsay, M., Poh, J., and Jessell, M.: Validating 3-D Structural
Models with Geological Knowledge for meaningful Uncertainty Evaluations,
Enrgy. Proced., 59, 374–381, 2014.
Wellmann, J. F., Thiele, S. T., Lindsay, M. D., and Jessell, M. W.: pynoddy 1.0: an experimental platform for automated 3-D kinematic and potential field modelling, Geosci. Model Dev., 9, 1019–1035, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-1019-2016, 2016.
Zhang, T.-F., Tilke, P., Dupont, E., Zhu, L.-C., Liang, L., and Bailey, W.:
Generating geologically realistic 3D reservoir facies models using deep
learning of sedimentary architecture with generative adversarial networks,
Pet. Sci., 16, 541–549, 2019.
Short summary
To robustly train and test automated methods in the geosciences, we need to have access to large numbers of examples where we know
the answer. We present a suite of synthetic 3D geological models with their gravity and magnetic responses that allow researchers to test their methods on a whole range of geologically plausible models, thus overcoming one of the fundamental limitations of automation studies.
To robustly train and test automated methods in the geosciences, we need to have access to large...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint