Articles | Volume 14, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-381-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-381-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Data description paper
| 
01 Feb 2022
Data description paper |
| 01 Feb 2022
| 01 Feb 2022
Into the Noddyverse: a massive data store of 3D geological models for machine learning and inversion applications
Mineral Exploration Cooperative Research Centre, Centre for
Exploration Targeting, The University of Western Australia, Perth,
Australia
ARC Centre for Data Analytics for Resources and Environments (DARE), The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
Jiateng Guo
College of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University,
Shenyang, China
Yunqiang Li
College of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University,
Shenyang, China
Mark Lindsay
Mineral Exploration Cooperative Research Centre, Centre for
Exploration Targeting, The University of Western Australia, Perth,
Australia
ARC Centre for Data Analytics for Resources and Environments (DARE), The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
Mineral Resources, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Australian Resources Research Centre, Kensington, Australia
Richard Scalzo
School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Sydney, Sydney,
Australia
ARC Centre for Data Analytics for Resources and Environments (DARE), The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
Jérémie Giraud
Mineral Exploration Cooperative Research Centre, Centre for
Exploration Targeting, The University of Western Australia, Perth,
Australia
GeoRessources, Université de Lorraine, CNRS, 54000 Nancy, France
Guillaume Pirot
Mineral Exploration Cooperative Research Centre, Centre for
Exploration Targeting, The University of Western Australia, Perth,
Australia
ARC Centre for Data Analytics for Resources and Environments (DARE), The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
Ed Cripps
Department of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Western
Australia, Perth, Australia
ARC Centre for Data Analytics for Resources and Environments (DARE), The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
Vitaliy Ogarko
Mineral Exploration Cooperative Research Centre, Centre for
Exploration Targeting, The University of Western Australia, Perth,
Australia
ARC Centre for Data Analytics for Resources and Environments (DARE), The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
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Short summary
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Short summary
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This paper improves the Monte Carlo simulation for uncertainty propagation (MCUP) method for 3-D geological modeling. Topological heterogeneity is observed in the model suite. The study demonstrates that such heterogeneity arises from piecewise nonlinearity inherent to 3-D geological models and contraindicates use of global uncertainty estimation methods. Topological-clustering-driven uncertainty estimation is proposed as a demonstrated alternative to address plausible model heterogeneity.
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Short summary
Short summary
Producing 3-D models of structures under the Earth's surface based on sensor data is a key problem in geophysics (for example, in mining exploration). There may be multiple models that explain the data well. We use the open-source Obsidian software to look at the efficiency of different methods for exploring the model space and attaching probabilities to models, leading to less biased results and a better idea of how sensor data interact with geological assumptions.
Jeremie Giraud, Mark Lindsay, Vitaliy Ogarko, Mark Jessell, Roland Martin, and Evren Pakyuz-Charrier
Solid Earth, 10, 193–210, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-193-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-193-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We propose the quantitative integration of geology and geophysics in an algorithm integrating the probability of observation of rocks with gravity data to improve subsurface imaging. This allows geophysical modelling to adjust models preferentially in the least certain areas while honouring geological information and geophysical data. We validate our algorithm using an idealized case and apply it to the Yerrida Basin (Australia), where we can recover the geometry of buried greenstone belts.
Guillaume Pirot, Tipaluck Krityakierne, David Ginsbourger, and Philippe Renard
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 351–369, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-351-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-351-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
To localize the source of a contaminant in the subsurface, based on concentration observations at some wells, we propose to test different possible locations and minimize the misfit between observed and simulated concentrations. We use a global optimization technique that relies on an expected improvement criterion, which allows a good exploration of the parameter space, avoids the trapping of local minima and quickly localizes the source of the contaminant on the presented synthetic cases.
Hugo K. H. Olierook, Richard Scalzo, David Kohn, Rohitash Chandra, Ehsan Farahbakhsh, Gregory Houseman, Chris Clark, Steven M. Reddy, and R. Dietmar Müller
Solid Earth Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/se-2019-4, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-2019-4, 2019
Revised manuscript not accepted
Evren Pakyuz-Charrier, Mark Lindsay, Vitaliy Ogarko, Jeremie Giraud, and Mark Jessell
Solid Earth, 9, 385–402, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-9-385-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-9-385-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
MCUE is a method that produces probabilistic 3-D geological models by sampling from distributions that represent the uncertainty of the initial input dataset. This process generates numerous plausible datasets used to produce a range of statistically plausible 3-D models which are combined into a single probabilistic model. In this paper, improvements to distribution selection and parameterization for input uncertainty are proposed.
Xiaojun Feng, Enyuan Wang, Jérôme Ganne, Roland Martin, and Mark W. Jessell
Solid Earth Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/se-2017-142, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-2017-142, 2018
Preprint withdrawn
J. Florian Wellmann, Sam T. Thiele, Mark D. Lindsay, and Mark W. Jessell
Geosci. Model Dev., 9, 1019–1035, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-1019-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-1019-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
We often obtain knowledge about the subsurface in the form of structural geological models, as a basis for subsurface usage or resource extraction. Here, we provide a modelling code to construct such models on the basis of significant deformational events in geological history, encapsulated in kinematic equations. Our methods simplify complex dynamic processes, but enable us to evaluate how events interact, and finally how certain we are about predictions of structures in the subsurface.
Related subject area
Geophysics and geodesy
Synthetic ground motions in heterogeneous geologies from various sources: the HEMEWS-3D database
HUST-Grace2024: a new GRACE-only gravity field time series based on more than 20 years of satellite geodesy data and a hybrid processing chain
A new repository of electrical resistivity tomography and ground-penetrating radar data from summer 2022 near Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard
Enriching the GEOFON seismic catalog with automatic energy magnitude estimations
AIUB-GRACE gravity field solutions for G3P: processing strategies and instrument parameterization
GPS displacement dataset for the study of elastic surface mass variations
Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) time series and velocities about a slowly convergent margin processed on high-performance computing (HPC) clusters: products and robustness evaluation
TRIMS LST: a daily 1 km all-weather land surface temperature dataset for China's landmass and surrounding areas (2000–2022)
Comprehensive data set of in situ hydraulic stimulation experiments for geothermal purposes at the Äspö Hard Rock Laboratory (Sweden)
An earthquake focal mechanism catalog for source and tectonic studies in Mexico from February 1928 to July 2022
Global physics-based database of injection-induced seismicity
The Weisweiler passive seismological network: optimised for state-of-the-art location and imaging methods
A global historical twice-daily (daytime and nighttime) land surface temperature dataset produced by Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer observations from 1981 to 2021
Moho depths beneath the European Alps: a homogeneously processed map and receiver functions database
DL-RMD: a geophysically constrained electromagnetic resistivity model database (RMD) for deep learning (DL) applications
The ULR-repro3 GPS data reanalysis and its estimates of vertical land motion at tide gauges for sea level science
In situ stress database of the greater Ruhr region (Germany) derived from hydrofracturing tests and borehole logs
The European Preinstrumental Earthquake Catalogue EPICA, the 1000–1899 catalogue for the European Seismic Hazard Model 2020
Rescue and quality control of historical geomagnetic measurement at Sheshan observatory, China
A newly integrated ground temperature dataset of permafrost along the China–Russia crude oil pipeline route in Northeast China
In situ observations of the Swiss periglacial environment using GNSS instruments
Permafrost changes in the northwestern Da Xing'anling Mountains, Northeast China, in the past decade
British Antarctic Survey's aerogeophysical data: releasing 25 years of airborne gravity, magnetic, and radar datasets over Antarctica
Moment tensor catalogue of earthquakes in West Bohemia from 2008 to 2018
One hundred plus years of recomputed surface wave magnitude of shallow global earthquakes
INSTANCE – the Italian seismic dataset for machine learning
Towards a regional high-resolution bathymetry of the North West Shelf of Australia based on Sentinel-2 satellite images, 3D seismic surveys, and historical datasets
A fine-resolution soil moisture dataset for China in 2002–2018
tTEM20AAR: a benchmark geophysical data set for unconsolidated fluvioglacial sediments
A focal mechanism catalogue of earthquakes that occurred in the southeastern Alps and surrounding areas from 1928–2019
The first pan-Alpine surface-gravity database, a modern compilation that crosses frontiers
Historical K index data collection of Soviet magnetic observatories, 1957–1992
Complementing regional moment magnitudes to GCMT: a perspective from the rebuilt International Seismological Centre Bulletin
Reassessing the lithosphere: SeisDARE, an open-access seismic data repository
Homogenization of the historical series from the Coimbra Magnetic Observatory, Portugal
Synthesis of global actual evapotranspiration from 1982 to 2019
Surface and subsurface characterisation of salt pans expressing polygonal patterns
Early Soviet satellite magnetic field measurements in the years 1964 and 1970
The INSIEME seismic network: a research infrastructure for studying induced seismicity in the High Agri Valley (southern Italy)
The ISC Bulletin as a comprehensive source of earthquake source mechanisms
Two multi-temporal datasets that track the enhanced landsliding after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake
The ISC-GEM Earthquake Catalogue (1904–2014): status after the Extension Project
Present-day surface deformation of the Alpine region inferred from geodetic techniques
Altimetry, gravimetry, GPS and viscoelastic modeling data for the joint inversion for glacial isostatic adjustment in Antarctica (ESA STSE Project REGINA)
Multibeam bathymetry and CTD measurements in two fjord systems in southeastern Greenland
Using ground-penetrating radar, topography and classification of vegetation to model the sediment and active layer thickness in a periglacial lake catchment, western Greenland
The new database of the Global Terrestrial Network for Permafrost (GTN-P)
Observations of the altitude of the volcanic plume during the eruption of Eyjafjallajökull, April–May 2010
Fanny Lehmann, Filippo Gatti, Michaël Bertin, and Didier Clouteau
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 3949–3972, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-3949-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-3949-2024, 2024
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Numerical simulations are a promising approach to characterizing the intensity of ground motion in the presence of geological uncertainties. However, the computational cost of 3D simulations can limit their usability. We present the first database of seismic-induced ground motion generated by an earthquake simulator for a collection of 30 000 heterogeneous geologies. The HEMEWS-3D dataset can be helpful for geophysicists, seismologists, and machine learning scientists, among others.
Hao Zhou, Lijun Zheng, Yaozong Li, Xiang Guo, Zebing Zhou, and Zhicai Luo
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 3261–3281, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-3261-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-3261-2024, 2024
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The satellite gravimetry mission Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) and its follower GRACE-FO play a vital role in monitoring mass transportation on Earth. Based on the latest observation data derived from GRACE and GRACE-FO and an updated data processing chain, a new monthly temporal gravity field series, HUST-Grace2024, was determined.
Francesca Pace, Andrea Vergnano, Alberto Godio, Gerardo Romano, Luigi Capozzoli, Ilaria Baneschi, Marco Doveri, and Alessandro Santilano
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 3171–3192, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-3171-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-3171-2024, 2024
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We present the geophysical data set acquired close to Ny-Ålesund (Svalbard islands) for the characterization of glacial and hydrological processes and features. The data have been organized in a repository that includes both raw and processed (filtered) data and some representative results of 2D models of the subsurface. This data set can foster multidisciplinary scientific collaborations among many disciplines: hydrology, glaciology, climatology, geology, geomorphology, etc.
Dino Bindi, Riccardo Zaccarelli, Angelo Strollo, Domenico Di Giacomo, Andres Heinloo, Peter Evans, Fabrice Cotton, and Frederik Tilmann
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 1733–1745, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1733-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1733-2024, 2024
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The size of an earthquake is often described by a single number called the magnitude. Among the possible magnitude scales, the seismic moment (Mw) and the radiated energy (Me) scales are based on physical parameters describing the rupture process. Since these two magnitude scales provide complementary information that can be used for seismic hazard assessment and for seismic risk mitigation, we complement the Mw catalog disseminated by the GEOFON Data Centre with Me values.
Neda Darbeheshti, Martin Lasser, Ulrich Meyer, Daniel Arnold, and Adrian Jäggi
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 1589–1599, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1589-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1589-2024, 2024
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This paper discusses strategies to improve the GRACE gravity field monthly solutions computed at the Astronomical Institute of the University of Bern. We updated the input observations and background models, as well as improving processing strategies in terms of instrument data screening and instrument parameterization.
Athina Peidou, Donald F. Argus, Felix W. Landerer, David N. Wiese, and Matthias Ellmer
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 1317–1332, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1317-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1317-2024, 2024
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This study recommends a framework for preparing and processing vertical land displacements derived from GPS positioning for future integration with Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) and GRACE-Follow On (GRACE-FO) measurements. We derive GPS estimates that only reflect surface mass signals and evaluate them against GRACE (and GRACE-FO). We also quantify uncertainty of GPS vertical land displacement estimates using various uncertainty quantification methods.
Lavinia Tunini, Andrea Magrin, Giuliana Rossi, and David Zuliani
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 1083–1106, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1083-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1083-2024, 2024
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This study presents 20-year time series of more than 350 GNSS stations located in NE Italy and surroundings, together with the outgoing velocities. An overview of the input data, station information, data processing and solution quality is provided. The documented dataset constitutes a crucial and complete source of information about the deformation of an active but slowly converging margin over the last 2 decades, also contributing to the regional seismic hazard assessment of NE Italy.
Wenbin Tang, Ji Zhou, Jin Ma, Ziwei Wang, Lirong Ding, Xiaodong Zhang, and Xu Zhang
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 387–419, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-387-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-387-2024, 2024
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This paper reported a daily 1 km all-weather land surface temperature (LST) dataset for Chinese land mass and surrounding areas – TRIMS LST. The results of a comprehensive evaluation show that TRIMS LST has the following special features: the longest time coverage in its class, high image quality, and good accuracy. TRIMS LST has already been released to the scientific community, and a series of its applications have been reported by the literature.
Arno Zang, Peter Niemz, Sebastian von Specht, Günter Zimmermann, Claus Milkereit, Katrin Plenkers, and Gerd Klee
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 295–310, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-295-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-295-2024, 2024
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We present experimental data collected in 2015 at Äspö Hard Rock Laboratory. We created six cracks in a rock mass by injecting water into a borehole. The cracks were monitored using special sensors to study how the water affected the rock. The goal of the experiment was to figure out how to create a system for generating heat from the rock that is better than what has been done before. The data collected from this experiment are important for future research into generating energy from rocks.
Quetzalcoatl Rodríguez-Pérez and F. Ramón Zúñiga
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 4781–4801, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-4781-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-4781-2023, 2023
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We present a comprehensive catalog of focal mechanisms for earthquakes in Mexico and neighboring areas spanning February 1928 to July 2022. The catalog comprises a wide range of earthquake magnitudes and depths and includes data from diverse geological environments. We collected and revised focal mechanism data from various sources and methods. The catalog is a valuable resource for future studies on earthquake source mechanisms, tectonics, and seismic hazard in the region.
Iman R. Kivi, Auregan Boyet, Haiqing Wu, Linus Walter, Sara Hanson-Hedgecock, Francesco Parisio, and Victor Vilarrasa
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 3163–3182, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3163-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3163-2023, 2023
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Induced seismicity has posed significant challenges to secure deployment of geo-energy projects. Through a review of published documents, we present a worldwide, multi-physical database of injection-induced seismicity. The database contains information about in situ rock, tectonic and geologic characteristics, operational parameters, and seismicity for various subsurface energy-related activities. The data allow for an improved understanding and management of injection-induced seismicity.
Claudia Finger, Marco P. Roth, Marco Dietl, Aileen Gotowik, Nina Engels, Rebecca M. Harrington, Brigitte Knapmeyer-Endrun, Klaus Reicherter, Thomas Oswald, Thomas Reinsch, and Erik H. Saenger
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 2655–2666, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2655-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2655-2023, 2023
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Passive seismic analyses are a key technology for geothermal projects. The Lower Rhine Embayment, at the western border of North Rhine-Westphalia in Germany, is a geologically complex region with high potential for geothermal exploitation. Here, we report on a passive seismic dataset recorded with 48 seismic stations and a total extent of 20 km. We demonstrate that the network design allows for the application of state-of-the-art seismological methods.
Jia-Hao Li, Zhao-Liang Li, Xiangyang Liu, and Si-Bo Duan
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 2189–2212, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2189-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2189-2023, 2023
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The Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) is the only sensor that has the advantages of frequent revisits (twice per day), relatively high spatial resolution (4 km at the nadir), global coverage, and easy access prior to 2000. This study developed a global historical twice-daily LST product for 1981–2021 based on AVHRR GAC data. The product is suitable for detecting and analyzing climate changes over the past 4 decades.
Konstantinos Michailos, György Hetényi, Matteo Scarponi, Josip Stipčević, Irene Bianchi, Luciana Bonatto, Wojciech Czuba, Massimo Di Bona, Aladino Govoni, Katrin Hannemann, Tomasz Janik, Dániel Kalmár, Rainer Kind, Frederik Link, Francesco Pio Lucente, Stephen Monna, Caterina Montuori, Stefan Mroczek, Anne Paul, Claudia Piromallo, Jaroslava Plomerová, Julia Rewers, Simone Salimbeni, Frederik Tilmann, Piotr Środa, Jérôme Vergne, and the AlpArray-PACASE Working Group
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 2117–2138, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2117-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2117-2023, 2023
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We examine the spatial variability of the crustal thickness beneath the broader European Alpine region by using teleseismic earthquake information (receiver functions) on a large amount of seismic waveform data. We compile a new Moho depth map of the broader European Alps and make our results freely available. We anticipate that our results can potentially provide helpful hints for interdisciplinary imaging and numerical modeling studies.
Muhammad Rizwan Asif, Nikolaj Foged, Thue Bording, Jakob Juul Larsen, and Anders Vest Christiansen
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 1389–1401, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-1389-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-1389-2023, 2023
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To apply a deep learning (DL) algorithm to electromagnetic (EM) methods, subsurface resistivity models and/or the corresponding EM responses are often required. To date, there are no standardized EM datasets, which hinders the progress and evolution of DL methods due to data inconsistency. Therefore, we present a large-scale physics-driven model database of geologically plausible and EM-resolvable subsurface models to incorporate consistency and reliability into DL applications for EM methods.
Médéric Gravelle, Guy Wöppelmann, Kevin Gobron, Zuheir Altamimi, Mikaël Guichard, Thomas Herring, and Paul Rebischung
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 497–509, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-497-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-497-2023, 2023
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We produced a reanalysis of GNSS data near tide gauges worldwide within the International GNSS Service. It implements advances in data modelling and corrections, extending the record length by about 7 years. A 28 % reduction in station velocity uncertainties is achieved over the previous solution. These estimates of vertical land motion at the coast supplement data from satellite altimetry or tide gauges for an improved understanding of sea level changes and their impacts along coastal areas.
Michal Kruszewski, Gerd Klee, Thomas Niederhuber, and Oliver Heidbach
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 5367–5385, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-5367-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-5367-2022, 2022
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The authors assemble an in situ stress magnitude and orientation database based on 429 hydrofracturing tests that were carried out in six coal mines and two coal bed methane boreholes between 1986 and 1995 within the greater Ruhr region (Germany). Our study summarises the results of the extensive in situ stress test campaign and assigns quality to each data record using the established quality ranking schemes of the World Stress Map project.
Andrea Rovida, Andrea Antonucci, and Mario Locati
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 5213–5231, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-5213-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-5213-2022, 2022
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EPICA is the 1000–1899 catalogue compiled for the European Seismic Hazard Model 2020 and contains 5703 earthquakes with Mw ≥ 4.0. It relies on the data of the European Archive of Historical Earthquake Data (AHEAD), both macroseismic intensities from historical seismological studies and parameters from regional catalogues. For each earthquake, the most representative datasets were selected and processed in order to derive harmonised parameters, both from intensity data and parametric catalogues.
Suqin Zhang, Changhua Fu, Jianjun Wang, Guohao Zhu, Chuanhua Chen, Shaopeng He, Pengkun Guo, and Guoping Chang
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 5195–5212, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-5195-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-5195-2022, 2022
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The Sheshan observatory has nearly 150 years of observation history, and its observation data have important scientific value. However, with time, these precious historical data face the risk of damage and loss. We have carried out a series of rescues on the historical data of the Sheshan observatory. New historical datasets were released, including the quality-controlled absolute hourly mean values of three components (D, H, and Z) from 1933 to 2019.
Guoyu Li, Wei Ma, Fei Wang, Huijun Jin, Alexander Fedorov, Dun Chen, Gang Wu, Yapeng Cao, Yu Zhou, Yanhu Mu, Yuncheng Mao, Jun Zhang, Kai Gao, Xiaoying Jin, Ruixia He, Xinyu Li, and Yan Li
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 5093–5110, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-5093-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-5093-2022, 2022
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A permafrost monitoring network was established along the China–Russia crude oil pipeline (CRCOP) route at the eastern flank of the northern Da Xing'anling Mountains in Northeast China. The resulting datasets fill the gaps in the spatial coverage of mid-latitude mountain permafrost databases. Results show that permafrost warming has been extensively observed along the CRCOP route, and local disturbances triggered by the CRCOPs have resulted in significant permafrost thawing.
Alessandro Cicoira, Samuel Weber, Andreas Biri, Ben Buchli, Reynald Delaloye, Reto Da Forno, Isabelle Gärtner-Roer, Stephan Gruber, Tonio Gsell, Andreas Hasler, Roman Lim, Philippe Limpach, Raphael Mayoraz, Matthias Meyer, Jeannette Noetzli, Marcia Phillips, Eric Pointner, Hugo Raetzo, Cristian Scapozza, Tazio Strozzi, Lothar Thiele, Andreas Vieli, Daniel Vonder Mühll, Vanessa Wirz, and Jan Beutel
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 5061–5091, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-5061-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-5061-2022, 2022
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This paper documents a monitoring network of 54 positions, located on different periglacial landforms in the Swiss Alps: rock glaciers, landslides, and steep rock walls. The data serve basic research but also decision-making and mitigation of natural hazards. It is the largest dataset of its kind, comprising over 209 000 daily positions and additional weather data.
Xiaoli Chang, Huijun Jin, Ruixia He, Yanlin Zhang, Xiaoying Li, Xiaoying Jin, and Guoyu Li
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 3947–3959, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-3947-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-3947-2022, 2022
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Based on 10-year observations of ground temperatures in seven deep boreholes in Gen’he, Mangui, and Yituli’he, a wide range of mean annual ground temperatures at the depth of 20 m (−2.83 to −0.49 ℃) and that of annual maximum thawing depth (about 1.1 to 7.0 m) have been revealed. This study demonstrates that most trajectories of permafrost changes in Northeast China are ground warming and permafrost degradation, except that the shallow permafrost is cooling in Yituli’he.
Alice C. Frémand, Julien A. Bodart, Tom A. Jordan, Fausto Ferraccioli, Carl Robinson, Hugh F. J. Corr, Helen J. Peat, Robert G. Bingham, and David G. Vaughan
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 3379–3410, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-3379-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-3379-2022, 2022
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This paper presents the release of large swaths of airborne geophysical data (including gravity, magnetics, and radar) acquired between 1994 and 2020 over Antarctica by the British Antarctic Survey. These include a total of 64 datasets from 24 different surveys, amounting to >30 % of coverage over the Antarctic Ice Sheet. This paper discusses how these data were acquired and processed and presents the methods used to standardize and publish the data in an interactive and reproducible manner.
Václav Vavryčuk, Petra Adamová, Jana Doubravová, and Josef Horálek
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 2179–2194, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-2179-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-2179-2022, 2022
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We present a unique catalogue of more than 5100 highly accurate seismic moment tensors of earthquakes that occurred in West Bohemia, Czech Republic, in the period 2008–2018. The catalogue covers a long period of seismicity with several prominent earthquake swarms. The dataset is ideal for being utilized by a large community of researchers for various seismological purposes such as for studies of migration of foci, spatiotemporal evolution of seismicity, tectonic stress, or fluid flow on faults.
Domenico Di Giacomo and Dmitry A. Storchak
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 393–409, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-393-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-393-2022, 2022
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The surface wave magnitude Ms is the only magnitude type that can be computed since the dawn of modern observational seismology (beginning
of the last century) for most shallow earthquakes worldwide. As a result of a 10+ year effort to digitize pre-1971 measurements of surface wave amplitudes and periods from printed bulletins, we are able to recompute Ms using a large set of stations and obtain it for the first time for several hundred earthquakes.
Alberto Michelini, Spina Cianetti, Sonja Gaviano, Carlo Giunchi, Dario Jozinović, and Valentino Lauciani
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 5509–5544, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-5509-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-5509-2021, 2021
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We present a dataset consisting of seismic waveforms and associated metadata to be used primarily for seismologically oriented machine-learning (ML) studies. The dataset includes about 1.3 M three-component seismograms of fixed 120 s length, sampled at 100 Hz and recorded by more than 600 stations in Italy. The dataset is subdivided into seismograms deriving from earthquakes (~ 1.2 M) and from seismic noise (~ 130 000). The ~ 54 000 earthquakes range in magnitude from 0 to 6.5 from 2005 to 2020.
Ulysse Lebrec, Victorien Paumard, Michael J. O'Leary, and Simon C. Lang
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 5191–5212, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-5191-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-5191-2021, 2021
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This paper presents an integrated workflow that builds on satellite images and 3D seismic surveys, integrated with historical depth soundings, to generate regional high-resolution digital elevation models (DEMs). The workflow was applied to the North West Shelf of Australia and led to the creation of new DEMs, with a resolution of 10 × 10 m in nearshore areas and 30 × 30 m elsewhere over an area of nearly 1 000 000 km2. This constitutes a major improvement of the pre-existing 250 × 250 m DEM.
Xiangjin Meng, Kebiao Mao, Fei Meng, Jiancheng Shi, Jiangyuan Zeng, Xinyi Shen, Yaokui Cui, Lingmei Jiang, and Zhonghua Guo
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 3239–3261, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-3239-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-3239-2021, 2021
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In order to improve the accuracy of China's regional agricultural drought monitoring and climate change research, we produced a long-term series of soil moisture products by constructing a time and depth correction model for three soil moisture products with the help of ground observation data. The spatial resolution is improved by building a spatial weight decomposition model, and validation indicates that the new product can meet application needs.
Alexis Neven, Pradip Kumar Maurya, Anders Vest Christiansen, and Philippe Renard
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 2743–2752, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-2743-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-2743-2021, 2021
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The shallow underground is constituted of sediments that present high spatial variability. This upper layer is the most extensively used for resource exploitation (groundwater, geothermal heat, construction materials, etc.). Understanding and modeling the spatial variability of these deposits is crucial. We present a high-resolution electrical resistivity dataset that covers the upper Aare Valley in Switzerland. These data can help develop methods to characterize these geological formations.
Angela Saraò, Monica Sugan, Gianni Bressan, Gianfranco Renner, and Andrea Restivo
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 2245–2258, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-2245-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-2245-2021, 2021
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Focal mechanisms describe the orientation of the fault on which an earthquake occurs and the slip direction. They are necessary to understand seismotectonic processes and for seismic hazard analysis. We present a focal mechanism catalogue of 772 selected earthquakes of
1.8 ≤ M ≤ 6.5 that occurred in the southeastern Alps and surrounding areas from 1928 to 2019. For each earthquake, we report focal mechanisms from the literature and newly computed solutions, and we suggest a preferred one.
Pavol Zahorec, Juraj Papčo, Roman Pašteka, Miroslav Bielik, Sylvain Bonvalot, Carla Braitenberg, Jörg Ebbing, Gerald Gabriel, Andrej Gosar, Adam Grand, Hans-Jürgen Götze, György Hetényi, Nils Holzrichter, Edi Kissling, Urs Marti, Bruno Meurers, Jan Mrlina, Ema Nogová, Alberto Pastorutti, Corinne Salaun, Matteo Scarponi, Josef Sebera, Lucia Seoane, Peter Skiba, Eszter Szűcs, and Matej Varga
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 2165–2209, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-2165-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-2165-2021, 2021
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The gravity field of the Earth expresses the overall effect of the distribution of different rocks at depth with their distinguishing densities. Our work is the first to present the high-resolution gravity map of the entire Alpine orogen, for which high-quality land and sea data were reprocessed with the exact same calculation procedures. The results reflect the local and regional structure of the Alpine lithosphere in great detail. The database is hereby openly shared to serve further research.
Natalia Sergeyeva, Alexei Gvishiani, Anatoly Soloviev, Lyudmila Zabarinskaya, Tamara Krylova, Mikhail Nisilevich, and Roman Krasnoperov
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 1987–1999, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-1987-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-1987-2021, 2021
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The K index is the classical, commonly used parameter of geomagnetic activity that serves as the measure of local magnetic field variations. This paper presents a unique collection of historical K index values that was formed at the World Data Center for Solar-Terrestrial Physics in Moscow. It includes the results of the K index determination at 41 geomagnetic observatories of the former USSR for the period from July 1957 to the early 1990s.
Domenico Di Giacomo, James Harris, and Dmitry A. Storchak
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 1957–1985, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-1957-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-1957-2021, 2021
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We provide a comprehensive overview of the content in terms of moment magnitude (Mw) in the Bulletin of the International Seismological Centre (ISC). Mw is the preferred magnitude to characterize earthquakes in various research topics (e.g. Earth seismicity rates) and other applications (e.g. seismic hazard). We describe first the contribution of global agencies and agencies operating at a regional scale and then discuss features of Mw via different sets of comparisons.
Irene DeFelipe, Juan Alcalde, Monika Ivandic, David Martí, Mario Ruiz, Ignacio Marzán, Jordi Diaz, Puy Ayarza, Imma Palomeras, Jose-Luis Fernandez-Turiel, Cecilia Molina, Isabel Bernal, Larry Brown, Roland Roberts, and Ramon Carbonell
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 1053–1071, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-1053-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-1053-2021, 2021
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Seismic data provide critical information about the structure of the lithosphere, and their preservation is essential for innovative research reusing data. The Seismic DAta REpository (SeisDARE) comprises legacy and recently acquired seismic data in the Iberian Peninsula and Morocco. This database has been built by a network of different institutions that promote multidisciplinary research. We aim to make seismic data easily available to the research, industry, and educational communities.
Anna L. Morozova, Paulo Ribeiro, and M. Alexandra Pais
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 809–825, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-809-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-809-2021, 2021
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The Coimbra Magnetic Observatory (COI), Portugal, established in 1866, has provided nearly continuous records of the geomagnetic field for more than 150 years. However, during its long lifetime inevitable changes to the instruments and measurement procedures and even the relocation of the observatory have taken place. Such changes affect the quality of the measurements, introducing false (artificial) variations. We analyzed COI historical data to find and correct such artificial variations.
Abdelrazek Elnashar, Linjiang Wang, Bingfang Wu, Weiwei Zhu, and Hongwei Zeng
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 447–480, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-447-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-447-2021, 2021
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Based on a site-pixel validation and comparison of different global evapotranspiration (ET) products, this paper aims to produce a synthesized ET which has a minimum level of uncertainty over as many conditions as possible from 1982 to 2019. Through a high-quality flux eddy covariance (EC) covering the globe, PML, SSEBop, MOD16A2105, and NTSG ET products were chosen to create the new dataset. It agreed well with flux EC ET and can be used without other datasets or further assessments.
Jana Lasser, Joanna M. Nield, and Lucas Goehring
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 2881–2898, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-2881-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-2881-2020, 2020
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The publication presents six data sets that describe the surface and subsurface characteristics of salt deserts in southern California. The data were collected during two field studies in 2016 and 2018 and are used to investigate the origins of the eye-catching hexagonal salt ridge patterns that emerge in such deserts. It is important to understand how these salt crusts grow since these deserts and their dynamic surface structure play a major role in the emission of dust into the atmosphere.
Roman Krasnoperov, Dmitry Peregoudov, Renata Lukianova, Anatoly Soloviev, and Boris Dzeboev
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 555–561, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-555-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-555-2020, 2020
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The paper presents a collection of magnetic field measurements performed by early Soviet magnetic satellite missions Kosmos-49 (1964) and Kosmos-321 (1970). These data were used as initial data for analysis of the structure of the Earth’s magnetic field sources and for compilation of a series of its analytical models. The most notable model that employed Kosmos-49 data was the first generation of the International Geomagnetic Reference Field for epoch 1965.0.
Tony Alfredo Stabile, Vincenzo Serlenga, Claudio Satriano, Marco Romanelli, Erwan Gueguen, Maria Rosaria Gallipoli, Ermann Ripepi, Jean-Marie Saurel, Serena Panebianco, Jessica Bellanova, and Enrico Priolo
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 519–538, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-519-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-519-2020, 2020
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This paper presents data collected by a seismic network developed in the framework of the INSIEME project aimed to study induced seismicity processes. The network is composed of eight stations deployed around two clusters of induced microearthquakes in the High Agri Valley (southern Italy). The solutions for reducing the background noise level are presented and the quality of acquired data is discussed. Such open-access data can be used by the scientific community for different applications.
Konstantinos Lentas, Domenico Di Giacomo, James Harris, and Dmitry A. Storchak
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 11, 565–578, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-565-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-565-2019, 2019
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In this article we try to make the broad geoscience community and especially the seismological community aware of the availability of earthquake source mechanisms in the Bulletin of the International Seismological Centre (ISC) and encourage researchers to make use of this data set in future research. Moreover, we acknowledge the data providers, and we encourage others to routinely submit their source mechanism solutions to the ISC.
Xuanmei Fan, Gianvito Scaringi, Guillem Domènech, Fan Yang, Xiaojun Guo, Lanxin Dai, Chaoyang He, Qiang Xu, and Runqiu Huang
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 11, 35–55, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-35-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-35-2019, 2019
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Large earthquakes cause major disturbances to mountain landscapes. They trigger many landslides that can form deposits of debris on steep slopes and channels. Rainfall can remobilise these deposits and generate large and destructive flow-like landslides and floods. We release two datasets that track a decade of landsliding following the 2008 7.9 magnitude Wenchuan earthquake in China. These data are useful for quantifying the role of major earthquakes in shaping mountain landscapes.
Domenico Di Giacomo, E. Robert Engdahl, and Dmitry A. Storchak
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 10, 1877–1899, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-1877-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-1877-2018, 2018
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We outline work done to improve and extend the new reference catalogue of global earthquakes instrumentally recorded since 1904, the ISC-GEM Catalogue. We have added thousands of earthquakes between 1904 and 1959 and in recent years compared to the 2013 release. As earthquake catalogues are widely used for different aspects of research, we believe that this dataset will be instrumental for years to come for researchers involved in studies on seismic hazard and patterns of the Earth's seismicity.
Laura Sánchez, Christof Völksen, Alexandr Sokolov, Herbert Arenz, and Florian Seitz
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 10, 1503–1526, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-1503-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-1503-2018, 2018
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We provide a surface-kinematics model for the Alpine region based on high-level data analysis of 300 geodetic stations continuously operating over 12.4 years. This model includes a deformation model, a continuous velocity field, and a strain field consistently assessed for the entire Alpine mountain belt. Horizontal and vertical motion patterns are clearly identified and supported by uncertainties better than ±0.2 mm a−1 and ±0.3 mm a−1 in the horizontal and vertical components, respectively.
Ingo Sasgen, Alba Martín-Español, Alexander Horvath, Volker Klemann, Elizabeth J. Petrie, Bert Wouters, Martin Horwath, Roland Pail, Jonathan L. Bamber, Peter J. Clarke, Hannes Konrad, Terry Wilson, and Mark R. Drinkwater
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 10, 493–523, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-493-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-493-2018, 2018
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We present a collection of data sets, consisting of surface-elevation rates for Antarctic ice sheet from a combination of Envisat and ICESat, bedrock uplift rates for 118 GPS sites in Antarctica, and optimally filtered GRACE gravity field rates. We provide viscoelastic response functions to a disc load forcing for Earth structures present in East and West Antarctica. This data collection enables a joint inversion for present-day ice-mass changes and glacial isostatic adjustment in Antarctica.
Kristian Kjellerup Kjeldsen, Reimer Wilhelm Weinrebe, Jørgen Bendtsen, Anders Anker Bjørk, and Kurt Henrik Kjær
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 9, 589–600, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-9-589-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-9-589-2017, 2017
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Here we present bathymetric and hydrographic measurements from two fjords in southeastern Greenland surveyed in 2014, leading to improved knowledge of the fjord morphology and an assessment of the variability in water masses in the fjords systems. Data were collected as part of a larger field campaign in which we targeted marine and terrestrial observations to assess the long-term behavior of the Greenland ice sheet and provide linkages to modern observations.
Johannes Petrone, Gustav Sohlenius, Emma Johansson, Tobias Lindborg, Jens-Ove Näslund, Mårten Strömgren, and Lars Brydsten
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 8, 663–677, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-8-663-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-8-663-2016, 2016
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This paper presents data and resulting models of spatial distributions of maximum active layer thickness and sediment thickness and their connection to surface vegetation and topography from the Kangerlussuaq region, western Greenland. The data set constitutes geometrical information and will be used in coupled hydrological and biogeochemical modeling together with previous published hydrological data (doi:10.5194/essd-7-93-2015, 2015) and biogeochemical data (doi:10.5194/essd-8-439-2016, 2016).
B. K. Biskaborn, J.-P. Lanckman, H. Lantuit, K. Elger, D. A. Streletskiy, W. L. Cable, and V. E. Romanovsky
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 7, 245–259, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-7-245-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-7-245-2015, 2015
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This paper introduces the new database of the Global Terrestrial Network for Permafrost (GTN-P) on permafrost temperature and active layer thickness data. It describes the operability of the Data Management System and the data quality. By applying statistics on GTN-P metadata, we analyze the spatial sample representation of permafrost monitoring sites. Comparison with environmental variables and climate projection data enable identification of potential future research locations.
P. Arason, G. N. Petersen, and H. Bjornsson
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 3, 9–17, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-3-9-2011, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-3-9-2011, 2011
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Short summary
To robustly train and test automated methods in the geosciences, we need to have access to large numbers of examples where we know
the answer. We present a suite of synthetic 3D geological models with their gravity and magnetic responses that allow researchers to test their methods on a whole range of geologically plausible models, thus overcoming one of the fundamental limitations of automation studies.
To robustly train and test automated methods in the geosciences, we need to have access to large...
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