Articles | Volume 15, issue 5
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-1969-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-1969-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Data description paper
| 
15 May 2023
Data description paper |
| 15 May 2023
| 15 May 2023
Evaluating the transport of surface seawater from 1956 to 2021 using 137Cs deposited in the global ocean as a chemical tracer
Yayoi Inomata
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
Michio Aoyama
Center for Research in Isotopes and Environmental Dynamics, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan
deceased, September 2022
Related authors
Mizuo Kajino, Makoto Deushi, Tsuyoshi Thomas Sekiyama, Naga Oshima, Keiya Yumimoto, Taichu Yasumichi Tanaka, Joseph Ching, Akihiro Hashimoto, Tetsuya Yamamoto, Masaaki Ikegami, Akane Kamada, Makoto Miyashita, Yayoi Inomata, Shin-ichiro Shima, Pradeep Khatri, Atsushi Shimizu, Hitoshi Irie, Kouji Adachi, Yuji Zaizen, Yasuhito Igarashi, Hiromasa Ueda, Takashi Maki, and Masao Mikami
Geosci. Model Dev., 14, 2235–2264, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-2235-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-2235-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This study compares performance of aerosol representation methods of the Japan Meteorological Agency's regional-scale nonhydrostatic meteorology–chemistry model (NHM-Chem). It indicates separate treatment of sea salt and dust in coarse mode and that of light-absorptive and non-absorptive particles in fine mode could provide accurate assessments on aerosol feedback processes.
Yayoi Inomata, Michio Aoyama, Yasunori Hamajima, and Masatoshi Yamada
Ocean Sci., 14, 813–826, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-14-813-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-14-813-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Analysing increased 137Cs and 134Cs / 137Cs ratio derived from the Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant accident in the Sea of Japan and its marginal sea, we found a rapid transport process associated with subduction in the subtropical mode water (STMW) formation region and obduction in the north East China Sea. The integrated amount of FNPP1 137Cs entering the Sea of Japan until 2016 was estimated to be 0.21 ± 0.03 PBq, which corresponds to 5.1 (3.4–8.0) % of the total amount of FNPP1 137Cs in the STMW.
Mizuo Kajino, Makoto Deushi, Tsuyoshi Thomas Sekiyama, Naga Oshima, Keiya Yumimoto, Taichu Yasumichi Tanaka, Joseph Ching, Akihiro Hashimoto, Tetsuya Yamamoto, Masaaki Ikegami, Akane Kamada, Makoto Miyashita, Yayoi Inomata, Shin-ichiro Shima, Kouji Adachi, Yuji Zaizen, Yasuhito Igarashi, Hiromasa Ueda, Takashi Maki, and Masao Mikami
Geosci. Model Dev. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2018-128, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2018-128, 2018
Revised manuscript not accepted
Mizuo Kajino, Makoto Deushi, Tsuyoshi Thomas Sekiyama, Naga Oshima, Keiya Yumimoto, Taichu Yasumichi Tanaka, Joseph Ching, Akihiro Hashimoto, Tetsuya Yamamoto, Masaaki Ikegami, Akane Kamada, Makoto Miyashita, Yayoi Inomata, Shin-ichiro Shima, Pradeep Khatri, Atsushi Shimizu, Hitoshi Irie, Kouji Adachi, Yuji Zaizen, Yasuhito Igarashi, Hiromasa Ueda, Takashi Maki, and Masao Mikami
Geosci. Model Dev., 14, 2235–2264, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-2235-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-2235-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This study compares performance of aerosol representation methods of the Japan Meteorological Agency's regional-scale nonhydrostatic meteorology–chemistry model (NHM-Chem). It indicates separate treatment of sea salt and dust in coarse mode and that of light-absorptive and non-absorptive particles in fine mode could provide accurate assessments on aerosol feedback processes.
Michio Aoyama, Sabine Charmasson, Yasunori Hamajima, Celine Duffa, Daisuke Tsumune, and Yutaka Tateda
Biogeosciences Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2021-10, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2021-10, 2021
Manuscript not accepted for further review
Short summary
Short summary
Results of observations of the 3H activity concentrations at Fukushima coast showed the large effect of 3H flux through the rivers to coastal waters. The 3H activity concentration close to Fukushima accident site was significantly high compared to the 3H activity concentration in surrounding waters both north and south of the FNPP1 site and in river waters. The 3H/137Cs activity ratios in coastal waters were 1.2–2.2, which is significantly high compared to that observed just after the accident.
Michio Aoyama, Sabine Charmasson, Yasunori Hamajima, and Celine Duffa
Biogeosciences Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2020-491, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2020-491, 2021
Manuscript not accepted for further review
Short summary
Short summary
Our results showed that the dissolved radiocaesium activities were generally higher at coastal sites and decreased with distance from shore. The portion of particulate 137Cs to the total 137Cs ranged from 0.13 to 0.96.
The ratio of 137Cs to 134Cs activity in organic particles did not change with distance from shore and generally remained around 1.
The 137Cs / 134Cs activity ratio in seawater was estimated to be 1.074 ± 0.015 which was in good agreement with the ratio of 1.06 in core unit 1.
Michio Aoyama
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 487–499, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-487-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-487-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
A global nutrient gridded dataset that might be the basis for studies of more accurate spatial distributions of nutrients and their changes in the global ocean was created. This is an SI-traceable dataset of nitrate, phosphate, and silicate concentrations based on certified reference materials or reference materials (CRMs/RMs) of seawater nutrient concentration measurements used during many cruises by the author.
Yayoi Inomata, Michio Aoyama, Yasunori Hamajima, and Masatoshi Yamada
Ocean Sci., 14, 813–826, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-14-813-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-14-813-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Analysing increased 137Cs and 134Cs / 137Cs ratio derived from the Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant accident in the Sea of Japan and its marginal sea, we found a rapid transport process associated with subduction in the subtropical mode water (STMW) formation region and obduction in the north East China Sea. The integrated amount of FNPP1 137Cs entering the Sea of Japan until 2016 was estimated to be 0.21 ± 0.03 PBq, which corresponds to 5.1 (3.4–8.0) % of the total amount of FNPP1 137Cs in the STMW.
Mizuo Kajino, Makoto Deushi, Tsuyoshi Thomas Sekiyama, Naga Oshima, Keiya Yumimoto, Taichu Yasumichi Tanaka, Joseph Ching, Akihiro Hashimoto, Tetsuya Yamamoto, Masaaki Ikegami, Akane Kamada, Makoto Miyashita, Yayoi Inomata, Shin-ichiro Shima, Kouji Adachi, Yuji Zaizen, Yasuhito Igarashi, Hiromasa Ueda, Takashi Maki, and Masao Mikami
Geosci. Model Dev. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2018-128, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2018-128, 2018
Revised manuscript not accepted
Shigeto Nishino, Takashi Kikuchi, Amane Fujiwara, Toru Hirawake, and Michio Aoyama
Biogeosciences, 13, 2563–2578, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-2563-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-2563-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
We analysed mooring and ship-based data obtained from a biological hotspot in the southern Chukchi Sea. Mooring data were collected for the first time in this site and were captured during spring and autumn blooms with high chlorophyll a concentrations. The data suggest that a dome-like structure of the bottom water and nutrient regeneration at the bottom play important roles in maintaining the autumn bloom of the biological hotspot.
D. Tsumune, T. Tsubono, M. Aoyama, M. Uematsu, K. Misumi, Y. Maeda, Y. Yoshida, and H. Hayami
Biogeosciences, 10, 5601–5617, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-5601-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-5601-2013, 2013
P. P. Povinec, M. Aoyama, D. Biddulph, R. Breier, K. Buesseler, C. C. Chang, R. Golser, X. L. Hou, M. Ješkovský, A. J. T. Jull, J. Kaizer, M. Nakano, H. Nies, L. Palcsu, L. Papp, M. K. Pham, P. Steier, and L. Y. Zhang
Biogeosciences, 10, 5481–5496, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-5481-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-5481-2013, 2013
M. Aoyama, M. Uematsu, D. Tsumune, and Y. Hamajima
Biogeosciences, 10, 3067–3078, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-3067-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-3067-2013, 2013
Related subject area
Domain: ESSD – Ocean | Subject: Chemical oceanography
Distributions of in situ parameters, dissolved (in)organic carbon, and nutrients in the water column and pore waters of Arctic fjords (western Spitsbergen) during a melting season
Climatological distribution of ocean acidification variables along the North American ocean margins
Updated climatological mean ΔfCO2 and net sea–air CO2 flux over the global open ocean regions
The annual update GLODAPv2.2023: the global interior ocean biogeochemical data product
Synthesis Product for Ocean Time Series (SPOTS) – a ship-based biogeochemical pilot
French coastal network for carbonate system monitoring: the CocoriCO2 dataset
A global database of dissolved organic matter (DOM) concentration measurements in coastal waters (CoastDOM v1)
A decade-long cruise time series (2008–2018) of physical and biogeochemical conditions in the southern Salish Sea, North America
A regional pCO2 climatology of the Baltic Sea from in situ pCO2 observations and a model-based extrapolation approach
A 12-year-long (2010–2021) hydrological and biogeochemical dataset in the Sicily Channel (Mediterranean Sea)
A decade of marine inorganic carbon chemistry observations in the northern Gulf of Alaska – insights into an environment in transition
A novel sea surface pCO2-product for the global coastal ocean resolving trends over 1982–2020
A high-resolution synthesis dataset for multistressor analyses along the US West Coast
CMEMS-LSCE: a global, 0.25°, monthly reconstruction of the surface ocean carbonate system
A synthesis of ocean total alkalinity and dissolved inorganic carbon measurements from 1993 to 2022: the SNAPO-CO2-v1 dataset
A 20-year (1998–2017) global sea surface dimethyl sulfide gridded dataset with daily resolution
A year of transient tracers (chlorofluorocarbon 12 and sulfur hexafluoride), noble gases (helium and neon), and tritium in the Arctic Ocean from the MOSAiC expedition (2019–2020)
Database of nitrification and nitrifiers in the global ocean
GOBAI-O2: temporally and spatially resolved fields of ocean interior dissolved oxygen over nearly 2 decades
Spatiotemporal variability in pH and carbonate parameters on the Canadian Atlantic continental shelf between 2014 and 2022
Barium in seawater: dissolved distribution, relationship to silicon, and barite saturation state determined using machine learning
Global oceanic diazotroph database version 2 and elevated estimate of global oceanic N2 fixation
High-frequency, year-round time series of the carbonate chemistry in a high-Arctic fjord (Svalbard)
OceanSODA-UNEXE: a multi-year gridded Amazon and Congo River outflow surface ocean carbonate system dataset
Spatial reconstruction of long-term (2003–2020) sea surface pCO2 in the South China Sea using a machine-learning-based regression method aided by empirical orthogonal function analysis
OceanSODA-MDB: a standardised surface ocean carbonate system dataset for model–data intercomparisons
Hyperspectral reflectance dataset of pristine, weathered, and biofouled plastics
A database of marine macronutrient, temperature and salinity measurements made around the highly productive island of South Georgia, the Scotia Sea and the Antarctic Peninsula between 1980 and 2009
GLODAPv2.2022: the latest version of the global interior ocean biogeochemical data product
Oil slicks in the Gulf of Guinea – 10 years of Envisat Advanced Synthetic Aperture Radar observations
Seyed Reza Saghravani, Michael Ernst Böttcher, Wei-Li Hong, Karol Kuliński, Aivo Lepland, Arunima Sen, and Beata Szymczycha
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 3419–3431, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-3419-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-3419-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
A comprehensive study conducted in 2021 examined the distributions of dissolved nutrients and carbon in the western Spitsbergen fjords during the high-melting season. Significant spatial variability was observed in the water column and pore water concentrations of constituents, highlighting the unique biogeochemical characteristics of each fjord and their potential impact on ecosystem functioning and oceanographic processes.
Li-Qing Jiang, Tim P. Boyer, Christopher R. Paver, Hyelim Yoo, James R. Reagan, Simone R. Alin, Leticia Barbero, Brendan R. Carter, Richard A. Feely, and Rik Wanninkhof
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 3383–3390, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-3383-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-3383-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In this paper, we unveil a data product featuring ten coastal ocean acidification variables. These indicators are provided on 1°×1° spatial grids at 14 standardized depth levels, ranging from the surface to a depth of 500 m, along the North American ocean margins.
Amanda R. Fay, David R. Munro, Galen A. McKinley, Denis Pierrot, Stewart C. Sutherland, Colm Sweeney, and Rik Wanninkhof
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 2123–2139, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-2123-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-2123-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Presented here is a near-global monthly climatological estimate of the difference between atmosphere and ocean carbon dioxide concentrations. The ocean's ability to take up carbon, both now and in the future, is defined by this difference in concentrations. With over 30 million measurements of surface ocean carbon over the last 40 years and utilization of an extrapolation technique, a mean estimate of surface ocean ΔfCO2 is presented.
Siv K. Lauvset, Nico Lange, Toste Tanhua, Henry C. Bittig, Are Olsen, Alex Kozyr, Marta Álvarez, Kumiko Azetsu-Scott, Peter J. Brown, Brendan R. Carter, Leticia Cotrim da Cunha, Mario Hoppema, Matthew P. Humphreys, Masao Ishii, Emil Jeansson, Akihiko Murata, Jens Daniel Müller, Fiz F. Pérez, Carsten Schirnick, Reiner Steinfeldt, Toru Suzuki, Adam Ulfsbo, Anton Velo, Ryan J. Woosley, and Robert M. Key
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 2047–2072, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-2047-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-2047-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
GLODAP is a data product for ocean inorganic carbon and related biogeochemical variables measured by the chemical analysis of water bottle samples from scientific cruises. GLODAPv2.2023 is the fifth update of GLODAPv2 from 2016. The data that are included have been subjected to extensive quality controlling, including systematic evaluation of measurement biases. This version contains data from 1108 hydrographic cruises covering the world's oceans from 1972 to 2021.
Nico Lange, Björn Fiedler, Marta Álvarez, Alice Benoit-Cattin, Heather Benway, Pier Luigi Buttigieg, Laurent Coppola, Kim Currie, Susana Flecha, Dana S. Gerlach, Makio Honda, I. Emma Huertas, Siv K. Lauvset, Frank Muller-Karger, Arne Körtzinger, Kevin M. O'Brien, Sólveig R. Ólafsdóttir, Fernando C. Pacheco, Digna Rueda-Roa, Ingunn Skjelvan, Masahide Wakita, Angelicque White, and Toste Tanhua
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 1901–1931, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1901-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1901-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The Synthesis Product for Ocean Time Series (SPOTS) is a novel achievement expanding and complementing the biogeochemical data landscape by providing consistent and high-quality biogeochemical time-series data from 12 ship-based fixed time-series programs. SPOTS covers multiple unique marine environments and time-series ranges, including data from 1983 to 2021. All in all, it facilitates a variety of applications that benefit from the collective value of biogeochemical time-series observations.
Sébastien Petton, Fabrice Pernet, Valérian Le Roy, Matthias Huber, Sophie Martin, Éric Macé, Yann Bozec, Stéphane Loisel, Peggy Rimmelin-Maury, Émilie Grossteffan, Michel Repecaud, Loïc Quemener, Michael Retho, Soazig Manac'h, Mathias Papin, Philippe Pineau, Thomas Lacoue-Labarthe, Jonathan Deborde, Louis Costes, Pierre Polsenaere, Loïc Rigouin, Jérémy Benhamou, Laure Gouriou, Joséphine Lequeux, Nathalie Labourdette, Nicolas Savoye, Grégory Messiaen, Elodie Foucault, Vincent Ouisse, Marion Richard, Franck Lagarde, Florian Voron, Valentin Kempf, Sébastien Mas, Léa Giannecchini, Francesca Vidussi, Behzad Mostajir, Yann Leredde, Samir Alliouane, Jean-Pierre Gattuso, and Frédéric Gazeau
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 1667–1688, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1667-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1667-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Our research highlights the concerning impact of rising carbon dioxide levels on coastal areas. To better understand these changes, we've established an observation network in France. By deploying pH sensors and other monitoring equipment at key coastal sites, we're gaining valuable insights into how various factors, such as freshwater inputs, tides, temperature, and biological processes, influence ocean pH.
Christian Lønborg, Cátia Carreira, Gwenaël Abril, Susana Agustí, Valentina Amaral, Agneta Andersson, Javier Arístegui, Punyasloke Bhadury, Mariana B. Bif, Alberto V. Borges, Steven Bouillon, Maria Ll. Calleja, Luiz C. Cotovicz Jr., Stefano Cozzi, Maryló Doval, Carlos M. Duarte, Bradley Eyre, Cédric G. Fichot, E. Elena García-Martín, Alexandra Garzon-Garcia, Michele Giani, Rafael Gonçalves-Araujo, Renee Gruber, Dennis A. Hansell, Fuminori Hashihama, Ding He, Johnna M. Holding, William R. Hunter, J. Severino P. Ibánhez, Valeria Ibello, Shan Jiang, Guebuem Kim, Katja Klun, Piotr Kowalczuk, Atsushi Kubo, Choon-Weng Lee, Cláudia B. Lopes, Federica Maggioni, Paolo Magni, Celia Marrase, Patrick Martin, S. Leigh McCallister, Roisin McCallum, Patricia M. Medeiros, Xosé Anxelu G. Morán, Frank E. Muller-Karger, Allison Myers-Pigg, Marit Norli, Joanne M. Oakes, Helena Osterholz, Hyekyung Park, Maria Lund Paulsen, Judith A. Rosentreter, Jeff D. Ross, Digna Rueda-Roa, Chiara Santinelli, Yuan Shen, Eva Teira, Tinkara Tinta, Guenther Uher, Masahide Wakita, Nicholas Ward, Kenta Watanabe, Yu Xin, Youhei Yamashita, Liyang Yang, Jacob Yeo, Huamao Yuan, Qiang Zheng, and Xosé Antón Álvarez-Salgado
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 1107–1119, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1107-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1107-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In this paper, we present the first edition of a global database compiling previously published and unpublished measurements of dissolved organic matter (DOM) collected in coastal waters (CoastDOM v1). Overall, the CoastDOM v1 dataset will be useful to identify global spatial and temporal patterns and to facilitate reuse in studies aimed at better characterizing local biogeochemical processes and identifying a baseline for modelling future changes in coastal waters.
Simone R. Alin, Jan A. Newton, Richard A. Feely, Dana Greeley, Beth Curry, Julian Herndon, and Mark Warner
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 837–865, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-837-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-837-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The Salish cruise data product provides 2008–2018 oceanographic data from the southern Salish Sea and nearby coastal sampling stations. Temperature, salinity, oxygen, nutrient, and dissolved inorganic carbon measurements from 715 oceanographic profiles will facilitate further study of ocean acidification, hypoxia, and marine heatwave impacts in this region. Three subsets of the compiled datasets from 35 cruises are available with consistent formatting and multiple commonly used units.
Henry C. Bittig, Erik Jacobs, Thomas Neumann, and Gregor Rehder
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 753–773, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-753-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-753-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We present a pCO2 climatology of the Baltic Sea using a new approach to extrapolate from individual observations to the entire Baltic Sea. The extrapolation approach uses (a) a model to inform on how data at one location are connected to data at other locations, together with (b) very accurate pCO2 observations from 2003 to 2021 as the base data. The climatology can be used e.g. to assess uptake and release of CO2 or to identify extreme events.
Francesco Placenti, Marco Torri, Katrin Schroeder, Mireno Borghini, Gabriella Cerrati, Angela Cuttitta, Vincenzo Tancredi, Carmelo Buscaino, and Bernardo Patti
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 743–752, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-743-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-743-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Oceanographic surveys were conducted in the Strait of Sicily between 2010 and 2021. This paper provides a description of the time series of nutrients and hydrological data collected in this zone. The dataset fills an important gap in field observations of a crucial area where exchanges with the Mediterranean sub-basin take place, providing support for studies aimed at describing ongoing processes and at realizing reliable projections of the effects of these processes in the near future.
Natalie M. Monacci, Jessica N. Cross, Wiley Evans, Jeremy T. Mathis, and Hongjie Wang
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 647–665, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-647-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-647-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
As carbon dioxide is released into the air through human-generated activity, about one third dissolves into the surface water of oceans, lowering pH and increasing acidity. This is known as ocean acidification. We merged 10 years of ocean carbon data and made them publicly available for adaptation planning during a time of change. The data confirmed that Alaska is already experiencing the effects of ocean acidification due to naturally cold water, high productivity, and circulation patterns.
Alizée Roobaert, Pierre Regnier, Peter Landschützer, and Goulven G. Laruelle
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 421–441, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-421-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-421-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The quantification of the coastal air–sea CO2 exchange (FCO2) has improved in recent years, but its multiannual variability remains unclear. This study, based on interpolated observations, reconstructs the longest global time series of coastal FCO2 (1982–2020). Results show the coastal ocean acts as a CO2 sink, with increasing intensity over time. This new coastal FCO2-product allows establishing regional carbon budgets and provides new constraints for closing the global carbon cycle.
Esther G. Kennedy, Meghan Zulian, Sara L. Hamilton, Tessa M. Hill, Manuel Delgado, Carina R. Fish, Brian Gaylord, Kristy J. Kroeker, Hannah M. Palmer, Aurora M. Ricart, Eric Sanford, Ana K. Spalding, Melissa Ward, Guadalupe Carrasco, Meredith Elliott, Genece V. Grisby, Evan Harris, Jaime Jahncke, Catherine N. Rocheleau, Sebastian Westerink, and Maddie I. Wilmot
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 219–243, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-219-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-219-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We present a new synthesis of oceanographic observations along the US West Coast that has been optimized for multiparameter investigations of coastal warming, deoxygenation, and acidification risk. This synthesis includes both previously published and new observations, all of which have been consistently formatted and quality-controlled to facilitate high-resolution investigations of climate risks and consequences across a wide range of spatial and temporal scales.
Thi-Tuyet-Trang Chau, Marion Gehlen, Nicolas Metzl, and Frédéric Chevallier
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 121–160, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-121-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-121-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
CMEMS-LSCE leads as the first global observation-based reconstructions of six carbonate system variables for the years 1985–2021 at monthly and 0.25° resolutions. The high-resolution reconstructions outperform their 1° counterpart in reproducing horizontal and temporal gradients of observations over various oceanic regions to nearshore time series stations. New datasets can be exploited in numerous studies, including monitoring changes in ocean carbon uptake and ocean acidification.
Nicolas Metzl, Jonathan Fin, Claire Lo Monaco, Claude Mignon, Samir Alliouane, David Antoine, Guillaume Bourdin, Jacqueline Boutin, Yann Bozec, Pascal Conan, Laurent Coppola, Frédéric Diaz, Eric Douville, Xavier Durrieu de Madron, Jean-Pierre Gattuso, Frédéric Gazeau, Melek Golbol, Bruno Lansard, Dominique Lefèvre, Nathalie Lefèvre, Fabien Lombard, Férial Louanchi, Liliane Merlivat, Léa Olivier, Anne Petrenko, Sébastien Petton, Mireille Pujo-Pay, Christophe Rabouille, Gilles Reverdin, Céline Ridame, Aline Tribollet, Vincenzo Vellucci, Thibaut Wagener, and Cathy Wimart-Rousseau
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 89–120, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-89-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-89-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This work presents a synthesis of 44 000 total alkalinity and dissolved inorganic carbon observations obtained between 1993 and 2022 in the Global Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea at the surface and in the water column. Seawater samples were measured using the same method and calibrated with international Certified Reference Material. We describe the data assemblage, quality control and some potential uses of this dataset.
Shengqian Zhou, Ying Chen, Shan Huang, Xianda Gong, Guipeng Yang, Honghai Zhang, Hartmut Herrmann, Alfred Wiedensohler, Laurent Poulain, Yan Zhang, Fanghui Wang, Zongjun Xu, and Ke Yan
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2023-249, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2023-249, 2023
Revised manuscript accepted for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
Dimethyl sulfide (DMS) is a crucial natural reactive gas in the global climate system, due to its great contribution to aerosols and subsequent impact on clouds over remote oceans. Leveraging machine learning techniques, we constructed a long-term global sea surface DMS gridded dataset with daily resolution. Compared to previous datasets, our new dataset holds promise for improving atmospheric chemistry modeling and advancing our comprehension of the climate effects associated with oceanic DMS.
Céline Heuzé, Oliver Huhn, Maren Walter, Natalia Sukhikh, Salar Karam, Wiebke Körtke, Myriel Vredenborg, Klaus Bulsiewicz, Jürgen Sültenfuß, Ying-Chih Fang, Christian Mertens, Benjamin Rabe, Sandra Tippenhauer, Jacob Allerholt, Hailun He, David Kuhlmey, Ivan Kuznetsov, and Maria Mallet
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 5517–5534, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-5517-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-5517-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Gases dissolved in the ocean water not used by the ecosystem (or "passive tracers") are invaluable to track water over long distances and investigate the processes that modify its properties. Unfortunately, especially so in the ice-covered Arctic Ocean, such gas measurements are sparse. We here present a data set of several passive tracers (anthropogenic gases, noble gases and their isotopes) collected over the full ocean depth, weekly, during the 1-year drift in the Arctic during MOSAiC.
Weiyi Tang, Bess B. Ward, Michael Beman, Laura Bristow, Darren Clark, Sarah Fawcett, Claudia Frey, François Fripiat, Gerhard J. Herndl, Mhlangabezi Mdutyana, Fabien Paulot, Xuefeng Peng, Alyson E. Santoro, Takuhei Shiozaki, Eva Sintes, Charles Stock, Xin Sun, Xianhui S. Wan, Min N. Xu, and Yao Zhang
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 5039–5077, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-5039-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-5039-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Nitrification and nitrifiers play an important role in marine nitrogen and carbon cycles by converting ammonium to nitrite and nitrate. Nitrification could affect microbial community structure, marine productivity, and the production of nitrous oxide – a powerful greenhouse gas. We introduce the newly constructed database of nitrification and nitrifiers in the marine water column and guide future research efforts in field observations and model development of nitrification.
Jonathan D. Sharp, Andrea J. Fassbender, Brendan R. Carter, Gregory C. Johnson, Cristina Schultz, and John P. Dunne
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 4481–4518, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-4481-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-4481-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Dissolved oxygen content is a critical metric of ocean health. Recently, expanding fleets of autonomous platforms that measure oxygen in the ocean have produced a wealth of new data. We leverage machine learning to take advantage of this growing global dataset, producing a gridded data product of ocean interior dissolved oxygen at monthly resolution over nearly 2 decades. This work provides novel information for investigations of spatial, seasonal, and interannual variability in ocean oxygen.
Olivia Gibb, Frédéric Cyr, Kumiko Azetsu-Scott, Joël Chassé, Darlene Childs, Carrie-Ellen Gabriel, Peter S. Galbraith, Gary Maillet, Pierre Pepin, Stephen Punshon, and Michel Starr
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 4127–4162, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-4127-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-4127-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The ocean absorbs large quantities of carbon dioxide (CO2) released into the atmosphere as a result of the burning of fossil fuels. This, in turn, causes ocean acidification, which poses a major threat to global ocean ecosystems. In this study, we compiled 9 years (2014–2022) of ocean carbonate data (i.e., ocean acidification parameters) collected in Atlantic Canada as part of the Atlantic Zone Monitoring Program.
Öykü Z. Mete, Adam V. Subhas, Heather H. Kim, Ann G. Dunlea, Laura M. Whitmore, Alan M. Shiller, Melissa Gilbert, William D. Leavitt, and Tristan J. Horner
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 4023–4045, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-4023-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-4023-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We present results from a machine learning model that accurately predicts dissolved barium concentrations for the global ocean. Our results reveal that the whole-ocean barium inventory is significantly lower than previously thought and that the deep ocean below 1000 m is at equilibrium with respect to barite. The model output can be used for a number of applications, including intercomparison, interpolation, and identification of regions warranting additional investigation.
Zhibo Shao, Yangchun Xu, Hua Wang, Weicheng Luo, Lice Wang, Yuhong Huang, Nona Sheila R. Agawin, Ayaz Ahmed, Mar Benavides, Mikkel Bentzon-Tilia, Ilana Berman-Frank, Hugo Berthelot, Isabelle C. Biegala, Mariana B. Bif, Antonio Bode, Sophie Bonnet, Deborah A. Bronk, Mark V. Brown, Lisa Campbell, Douglas G. Capone, Edward J. Carpenter, Nicolas Cassar, Bonnie X. Chang, Dreux Chappell, Yuh-ling Lee Chen, Matthew J. Church, Francisco M. Cornejo-Castillo, Amália Maria Sacilotto Detoni, Scott C. Doney, Cecile Dupouy, Marta Estrada, Camila Fernandez, Bieito Fernández-Castro, Debany Fonseca-Batista, Rachel A. Foster, Ken Furuya, Nicole Garcia, Kanji Goto, Jesús Gago, Mary R. Gradoville, M. Robert Hamersley, Britt A. Henke, Cora Hörstmann, Amal Jayakumar, Zhibing Jiang, Shuh-Ji Kao, David M. Karl, Leila R. Kittu, Angela N. Knapp, Sanjeev Kumar, Julie LaRoche, Hongbin Liu, Jiaxing Liu, Caroline Lory, Carolin R. Löscher, Emilio Marañón, Lauren F. Messer, Matthew M. Mills, Wiebke Mohr, Pia H. Moisander, Claire Mahaffey, Robert Moore, Beatriz Mouriño-Carballido, Margaret R. Mulholland, Shin-ichiro Nakaoka, Joseph A. Needoba, Eric J. Raes, Eyal Rahav, Teodoro Ramírez-Cárdenas, Christian Furbo Reeder, Lasse Riemann, Virginie Riou, Julie C. Robidart, Vedula V. S. S. Sarma, Takuya Sato, Himanshu Saxena, Corday Selden, Justin R. Seymour, Dalin Shi, Takuhei Shiozaki, Arvind Singh, Rachel E. Sipler, Jun Sun, Koji Suzuki, Kazutaka Takahashi, Yehui Tan, Weiyi Tang, Jean-Éric Tremblay, Kendra Turk-Kubo, Zuozhu Wen, Angelicque E. White, Samuel T. Wilson, Takashi Yoshida, Jonathan P. Zehr, Run Zhang, Yao Zhang, and Ya-Wei Luo
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 3673–3709, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3673-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3673-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
N2 fixation by marine diazotrophs is an important bioavailable N source to the global ocean. This updated global oceanic diazotroph database increases the number of in situ measurements of N2 fixation rates, diazotrophic cell abundances, and nifH gene copy abundances by 184 %, 86 %, and 809 %, respectively. Using the updated database, the global marine N2 fixation rate is estimated at 223 ± 30 Tg N yr−1, which triplicates that using the original database.
Jean-Pierre Gattuso, Samir Alliouane, and Philipp Fischer
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 2809–2825, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2809-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2809-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The Arctic Ocean is subject to high rates of ocean warming and acidification, with critical implications for marine organisms, ecosystems and the services they provide. We report here on the first high-frequency (1 h), multi-year (5 years) dataset of the carbonate system at a coastal site in a high-Arctic fjord (Kongsfjorden, Svalbard). This site is a significant sink for CO2 every month of the year (9 to 17 mol m-2 yr-1). The saturation state of aragonite can be as low as 1.3.
Richard P. Sims, Thomas M. Holding, Peter E. Land, Jean-Francois Piolle, Hannah L. Green, and Jamie D. Shutler
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 2499–2516, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2499-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2499-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The flow of carbon between the land and ocean is poorly quantified with existing measurements. It is not clear how seasonality and long-term variability impact this flow of carbon. Here, we demonstrate how satellite observations can be used to create decadal time series of the inorganic carbonate system in the Amazon and Congo River outflows.
Zhixuan Wang, Guizhi Wang, Xianghui Guo, Yan Bai, Yi Xu, and Minhan Dai
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 1711–1731, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-1711-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-1711-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We reconstructed monthly sea surface pCO2 data with a high spatial resolution in the South China Sea (SCS) from 2003 to 2020. We validate our reconstruction with three independent testing datasets and present a new method to assess the uncertainty of the data. The results strongly suggest that our reconstruction effectively captures the main features of the spatiotemporal patterns of pCO2 in the SCS. Using this dataset, we found that the SCS is overall a weak source of atmospheric CO2.
Peter Edward Land, Helen S. Findlay, Jamie D. Shutler, Jean-Francois Piolle, Richard Sims, Hannah Green, Vassilis Kitidis, Alexander Polukhin, and Irina I. Pipko
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 921–947, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-921-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-921-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Measurements of the ocean’s carbonate system (e.g. CO2 and pH) have increased greatly in recent years, resulting in a need to combine these data with satellite measurements and model results, so they can be used to test predictions of how the ocean reacts to changes such as absorption of the CO2 emitted by humans. We show a method of combining data into regions of interest (100 km circles over a 10 d period) and apply it globally to produce a harmonised and easy-to-use data archive.
Giulia Leone, Ana I. Catarino, Liesbeth De Keukelaere, Mattias Bossaer, Els Knaeps, and Gert Everaert
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 745–752, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-745-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-745-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This paper illustrates a dataset of hyperspectral reflectance measurements of macroplastics. Plastic samples consisted of pristine, artificially weathered, and biofouled plastic items and field plastic debris. Samples were measured in dry conditions and a subset of plastics in wet and submerged conditions. This dataset can be used to better understand plastic optical features when exposed to natural agents and to support the development of algorithms for monitoring environmental plastics.
Michael J. Whitehouse, Katharine R. Hendry, Geraint A. Tarling, Sally E. Thorpe, and Petra ten Hoopen
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 211–224, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-211-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-211-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We present a database of Southern Ocean macronutrient, temperature and salinity measurements collected on 20 oceanographic cruises between 1980 and 2009. Vertical profiles and underway surface measurements were collected year-round as part of an integrated ecosystem study. Our data provide a novel view of biogeochemical cycling in biologically productive regions across a critical period in recent climate history and will contribute to a better understanding of the drivers of primary production.
Siv K. Lauvset, Nico Lange, Toste Tanhua, Henry C. Bittig, Are Olsen, Alex Kozyr, Simone Alin, Marta Álvarez, Kumiko Azetsu-Scott, Leticia Barbero, Susan Becker, Peter J. Brown, Brendan R. Carter, Leticia Cotrim da Cunha, Richard A. Feely, Mario Hoppema, Matthew P. Humphreys, Masao Ishii, Emil Jeansson, Li-Qing Jiang, Steve D. Jones, Claire Lo Monaco, Akihiko Murata, Jens Daniel Müller, Fiz F. Pérez, Benjamin Pfeil, Carsten Schirnick, Reiner Steinfeldt, Toru Suzuki, Bronte Tilbrook, Adam Ulfsbo, Anton Velo, Ryan J. Woosley, and Robert M. Key
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 5543–5572, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-5543-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-5543-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
GLODAP is a data product for ocean inorganic carbon and related biogeochemical variables measured by the chemical analysis of water bottle samples from scientific cruises. GLODAPv2.2022 is the fourth update of GLODAPv2 from 2016. The data that are included have been subjected to extensive quality controlling, including systematic evaluation of measurement biases. This version contains data from 1085 hydrographic cruises covering the world's oceans from 1972 to 2021.
Zhour Najoui, Nellya Amoussou, Serge Riazanoff, Guillaume Aurel, and Frédéric Frappart
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 4569–4588, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-4569-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-4569-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Oil spills could have serious repercussions for both the marine environment and ecosystem. The Gulf of Guinea is a very active area with respect to maritime traffic as well as oil and gas exploitation (platforms). As a result, the region is subject to a large number of oil pollution events. This study aims to detect oil slicks in the Gulf of Guinea and analyse their spatial and temporal distribution using satellite data.
Cited articles
Aarkrog, A.: Radioactivity in polar-regions – Main sources, J. Environ.
Radioact., 25, 21–35, 1994.
Aarkrog, A.: Input of anthropogenic radionuclides into the World Ocean, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 50,
2597–2606, 2003.
Aarkrog, A., Baxter, M. S., Berttencourt, A. O., Bojanowski, R., Bologa, A.,
Charmasson, S., Cunha, I., Delfanti, R., Duran, E., Holm,
E., Jeffree, R., Livingston, H. D., Mahapanyawong, S., Nies, H., Osvath, I., Pingyu,
L., Povinec, P. P., Sanchez, A., and Swift, D.: Comparison of doses from
137Cs and 210Po in marine food: A major international study, J.
Environ. Radioact., 34, 69–90, 1997.
Aoyama, M.: Oceans and seas, in: Encyclopedia of Inorganic
Chemistry, edited by: Atwood, D., Wiley, 339–346, 2010.
Aoyama, M.: Long-range transport of radiocaesium derived from global fallout
and the Fukushima accident in the Pacific
Ocean since 1953 through 2017 – Part I: Source term and surface transport, J.
Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., 318, 1519–1542, 2018.
Aoyama, M.: Artificial Radionuclides, Encyclopedia of Ocean Science, 3rd edn., Elsevier, Co. Ltd., 136–152,
https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-409548-9.10896-6, 2019.
Aoyama, M.: HAMGlobal2021: Historical Artificial radioactivity database in Marine environment, Global version 2021, Center for Research in Isotopes and Environmental Dynamics, University of Tsukuba [data set], https://doi.org/10.34355/CRiED.U.Tsukuba.00085, 2021.
Aoyama, M. and Hirose, K.: The temporal and spatial variation of 137Cs
concentration in the Western North Pacific and its
marginal seas during the period from 1979 to 1988, J. Environ. Radioact., 29,
57–74, 1995.
Aoyama, M. and Hirose, K.: Artificial radionuclides database in the Pacific
Ocean: HAM database, Sci. World J., 4, 200–215,
2004.
Aoyama, M., Hirose, K., Suzuki, Y., Inoue, H., and Sugimura, Y.: High level
radioactive nuclides in Japan in May, Nature,
321, 819–820, 1986.
Aoyama, M., Hirose, K., Miyao, T., Igarashi, Y., and Povonec, P. P.: 137Cs
activity in surface water in the western North Pacific, J.
Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., 248, 789–793, 2001a.
Aoyama, M., Hirose, K., Miyao, T., Igarashi, Y., and Povonec, P. P.:
Temporal-variation of 137Cs inventory in the western
North Pacific, J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., 248, 785–787, 2001b.
Aoyama, M., Hirose, K., and Igarashi, Y.: Re-construction and updating our
understanding on the global weapons tests 137Cs
fallout, J. Environ. Monit., 8, 431–438, 2006.
Aoyama, M., Hirose, K., Nemoto, K., Takatsuki, Y., and Tsumune, D: Water
masses labeled with global fallout 137Cs
formed by subduction in the North Pacific, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L01604, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007GL031964,
2008.
Aoyama, M., Fukasawa, M., Hirose, K., Hamajima, Y., Kawano, T., Povinec,
P. P., and Sanchez-Cabeza, J. A.: Cross equator
transport of 137Cs from North Pacific Ocean to South Pacific Ocean
(BEAGLE2003 cruises), Prog. Oceanogr., 89, 7–16, 2011.
Aoyama, M., Uematsu, M., Tsumune, D., and Hamajima, Y.: Surface pathway of radioactive plume of TEPCO Fukushima NPP1 released 134Cs and 137Cs, Biogeosciences, 10, 3067–3078, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-3067-2013, 2013.
Aoyama, M., Hamajima, Y., Hult, M., Uematsu, M., Oka, E., Tsumune, D., and
Kumamoto, Y.: 134Cs and 137Cs in the North
Pacific Ocean derived from the March 2011 TEPCO Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear
Power Plant accident, Japan. Part
one: Surface pathway and vertical distributions, J. Oceanogr., 72, 53–65,
2016a.
Aoyama, M., Hult, M., Hamajima, Y., Lutter, G., Marissens, G., and Stroh,
H.: Tracing radioactivity from Fukushima in the
Northern Pacific Ocean, Appl. Radiat. Isot., 109, 435–440, 2016b.
Aoyama, M., Kajino, M., Tanaka, T. Y., Sekiyama, T. T., Tsumune, D., Tsubono,
T., Hamajima, Y., Inomata, Y., and Gamo,
T.: 134Cs and 137Cs in the North Pacific Ocean derived from the
March 2011 TEPCO Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant accident, Japan.
Part two: Estimation of 134Cs and 137Cs inventories in the North
Pacific Ocean, J. Oceanogr., 72, 67–76, 2016c.
Aoyama, M., Hamajima, Y., Inomata, Y., and Oka, E.: REcirculation of FNPP1-derived radiocaesium observed in winter 2015/2016 in coastal regions of Japan, Appl. Rad. Isotop., 126, 83–87, 2017.
Aoyama, M., Hamajima, Y., Inomata, Y., Kumamoto, Y., Oka, E., Tsubono, T.,
and Tsumune, D.: Radiocaesium derived from
the TEPCO Fukushima accident in the North Pacific Ocean: Surface transport
processes until 2017, J. Environ. Radioact., 189, 93–102, 2018.
Baily du Bois, P., Duman, F., Voiseux, C., Morillon, M., Oms, P.-E., and
Soiler, L.: Dissolved Radiotracers and Numerical
Modeling in North European continental dispersion studies (1982–2016):
Datsebases, methods and applications,
Water, 12, 1667, https://doi.org/10.3390/w12061667, 2020.
Ballestra, S., Bojanowski, R., Fukai, R., and Vas, D.: Behaviour of selected radionuclides in the northwestern Mediterranean basin influenced by river discharge, Proc. Int. Symposium on the Behaviour of Long lived Radionuclides in the Marine Environment), Symposium on the Behaviour of Long Lived Radionuclides in the Marine Environment, edited by:
Cigna, A. and Myttenaere, C., Commission of the European Communities, la Spezia, 215–232, 1984.
Bezhenar, R., Maderich, V., Schirone, A., Conte, F., and Martazinova, V.:
Transport and fate of 137Cs in the Mediterranean
and Black Seas system during 1945–2020 period: A modelling study, J.
Environ. Radioact., 208–209, 106023, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2019.106023, 2019.
Bourlat, Y., Millies-Lacroix, J.-C., Petit, G. L., and Bourguignon, J.:
90Sr, 137Cs and 239+240Pu in world ocean water samples
collected from 1992 to 1994, edited by: Guegueniat, P., Germain, P., and Metivier, H.,
Radionuclides in the oceans. Input and inventories, Les editions de
Physique, Les Ulis, 75–93, 1996.
Bowen, V. T., Noshkin, V. E., Livingston, H. D., and Volchok, H. L.: Fallout
radionuclides in the Pacific Ocean: Vertical and
horizontal distributions, largely from GEOSECS stations, Earth Planet. Sc.
Lett., 49, 411–434, 1980.
Broecker, W. S. and Simpson, H. J.: A summary of Lamont Sr90 and Cs137
measurements on ocean water samples, HASL-197, I-9–I-104, 1968.
Broecker, W. S., Bonebakker, E. R., and Rocco, G. G.: The vertical distribution
of cesium137 and strontium90 in the oceans, 2,
J. Geophys. Res., 71, 1999–2003, 1966.
Buesseler, K.: Fishing for answers off Fukushima, Science, 338, 480–482,
2012.
Buesseler, K., Dai, M., Aoyama, M., Benitez-Nelson, C., Charmasson, S.,
Higley, K., Maderich, V., Masqué, P., Oughton, D.,
and Smith, J. N.: Fukushima Daiichi–derived radionuclides in the ocean:
Transport, fate, and impacts, Ann. Rev. Mar. Sci., 9, 173–203, 2017.
CEC: The radiological exposure of the population of the European Community
from radioactivity in North European waters, Project Marina, Report EUR
12483 EN, Commission of the European Communities, Brussels, 1990.
Cochran, J. K., Livingston, H. D., Hirschberg, D. J., and Surprenant, L. D.:
Natural and anthropogenic radionuclide distributions
in the northwest Atlantic Ocean, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 84, 135–152,
1987.
Dahlgaard, H., Chen, Q., Herrmann, J., Nies, H., Ibbett, R. D., and Kershaw, P. J.: On the background level of 99Tc∼,
90Sr and 137Cs in the North Atlantic, J. Mar. Syst., 6, 571–578,
1995.
Delfanti, R. and Papucci, C.: Mediterranean Sea, in:
Encyclopedia of Inorganic Chemistry, edited by: Atwood, D., Wiley, 401–414, 2010.
Delfanti, R., Papucci, C., Salvi, S., and Lorenzelli, R.: IAEA CRP “Worldwide
Marine Radioactivity”, Research
Contract – Agreement No. ITA-26803, ENEA, Italy, 2000.
Delfanti, R., Özsoy, E., Kaberi, H., Schirone, A., Salvi, S., Conte, F.,
Tsabaris, C., and Papucci, C.: Evolution and fluxes of
137Cs in the Black Sea/Turkish Straits System/North Aegean Sea, J. Mar.
Syst., 135, 117–123, 2014.
Egorov, V. N., Povinec, P. P., Polikarpov, G. G., Stokozov, N. A., Gulin, S. B.,
Kulebakina, L. G., and Osvath, I.: 90Sr and 137Cs
in the Black Sea after the Chernobyl NPP accident: Inventories, balance and
tracer applications, J. Environ. Radioact.,
43, 137–155, 1999.
Feng, M., Zhang, N., Liu, Q., and Wijffels, S.: The Indonesian throughflow, its
variability and centennial change, Geosci. Lett.,
5, 3, https://doi.org/10.1186/s40562-018-0102-2, 2018.
Fin, R. A., Lukas, R., Bingham, F. M., Warner, M. J., and Gammon, R. H.: The
western equatorial Pacific: A water mass
crossroads, J. Res. Lett., 99, 25063–25080, 1994.
Folsom, T. R.: Summary of Cs-137 Concentrations Measured at Scripps
Institution in N. Pacific Surface Waters, EML-356,
1979.
Folsom, T. R. and Mohanrao, G. J.: Measurement of fallout cesium in the
Pacific Ocean and in terrestrial effluents likely to
alter coastal waters, J. Radiat. Res., 1–2, 150–154, 1960.
Folsom, T. R., Mohanrao, G. J., and Winchell, P.: Fallout caesium in surface
sea water off the California coast (1959–60) by
gamma-ray, Nature, 187, 480–482, 1960.
Folsom, T. R., Mohanrao, G. J., Pillai, K. C., and Sreekumaran, C.:
Distributions of Cs137 in the Pacific, HASL-197, I-95–I-203, 1968.
Folsom, T. R., Sreekumaran, C., Hansen, N., Moore, J. M., and Grismore, R.:
Some Concentrations of Cs137 at Moderate
Depths in the Pacific 1965–1968, HASL-217, 1970.
Folsom, T. R., Hansen, N., Tatumi, T., and Hodge, V. F.: Recent improvements
in methods for concentrating and analyzing
radiocesium in sea water, J. Radiat. Res., 16, 19–27, 1975.
Fowler, S. W., Small, L. F., Rosa, J. L., Lopez, J. J., and Teyssie, J. L.:
Interannual variation in transuranic flux at the vertex time-series station in the northeast Pacific and its relationship to biological
activity, in: Radionuclides in the Study of Marine Processes, edited by: Kershaw, P. J. and Woodhead, D. S., Kluwer, Dordrecht,
286–298, 1991.
Gordon, A.: Oceanography of the Indonesian Seas and their throughflow,
Oceanography, 18, 14–27, 2005.
Gordon, A. L., Sprintall, J., Aken, H. M., Susanto, D., Wijffels, S., Molcard,
R., Ffield, A. A., Pranowo, W., and Wirasantosa, S:
The Indonesian throughflow during 2004–2006 as observed by the INSTANT
program, Dynam. Atmos. Oceans, 50, 115–128, 2010.
Gray, J., Jones, S. R., and Smith, A. D.: Discharges to the environment from
the Sellafield site, 1951e1992, J. Radiolo. Protect.,
15, 99–131, 1995.
Guegueniat, P., Kershaw, P., Hermann, J., and du Bois, P. B.: New estimation
of La Hague contribution to the artificial
radioactivity of Norwegian waters (1992–1995) and Barents Sea (1992–1997),
Sci. Total Environ., 202, 249–266,
1997.
Gulin, S. B. and Stokozov, N. A.: 137Cs concentrations in Atlantic and
western Antarctic surface waters: results of the 7th
Ukrainian Antarctic Expedition, 2002, J. Environ. Radioact., 83, 1–7, 2005.
Gulin, S. B., Mirzoyeva, N. Yu., Egorov, V. N., Polikarpov, G. G., Sidorov,
I. G., and Proskurnin, V. Y.: Secondary radioactive
contamination of the Black Sea after Chernobyl accident: recent levels,
pathways and trends, J. Environ. Radioact.,
124, 50–56, 2013.
Hanawa, K. and Talley, L. D.: Mode Waters, in: Ocean Circulation and Climate,
edited by: Siedler, G., Church, J., and
Gould, J., Academic Press, 373–386, 2001.
Hirose, K. and Aoyama, M.: Present background levels of surface 137Cs
and 239,240Pu concentrations in the Pacific, J. Environ.
Radioact., 69, 53–60, 2003a.
Hirose, K. and Aoyama, M.: Analysis of 137Cs and 239,240Pu
concentrations in surface waters of the Pacific Ocean, Deep-Sea
Res. Pt. II, 50, 2675–2700, 2003b.
Hirose, K., Aoyama, M., Katsuragi, Y., and Sugimura, Y.: Annual deposition
of Sr-90, Cs-137 and Pu-239, 240 from the 1961–1980 Nuclear Explosions: A simple model, J. Meteoro. Soc. Jan. Ser. II., 65,
259–277, 1987.
Hirose, K., Sugimura, Y., and Aoyama, M.: Plutonium and 137Cs in the
western North Pacific Estimation of residence time of
plutonium in surface waters, Int. J. Rad. Appl. Instr. Part A, 43, 349–359, 1991.
Hirose, K., Amano, H., Baxter, M. S., Chaykovskaya, E., Chumiche, V. B., Hong,
G. H., Isogai, K., Kim, C. K., Miyao, T.,
Morimoto, T., Nikitin, K., Oda, K., Pettersson, H. B. L., Povinec, P. P., Seto,
Y., Tkalin, A., Togawa, O., and Veletova, M. K.: Anthropogenic radionuclides
in seawater in the East Sea/Japan Sea Results of the first-stage
Japanese-Korean-Russian expedition, J. Environ. Radioact., 43, 1–1, 1999.
IAEA: Worldwide marine radioactivity studies (WOMARS), Radionuclide levels
in oceans and seas, Final report of a
coordinate research project, IAEA-TECDOC-1429, 2005.
IAEA: The Fukushima Daiichi Accident, http://Pub1710-TV1-Web.pdf (last access: 25 April 2023), 2015.
IHO: Limits of Oceans and Seas, Special Edition No. 23, 3rd
edn., International Hydrographic Organization, 1953.
Ikeuchi, Y., Amano, H., and Aoyama, M.: Anthropogenic radionuclides in
seawater of the Far Eastern Seas, Sci. Total
Environ., 237/238, 203–212, 1999.
Inomata, Y.: Global trends in cesium distribution, in:
Encyclopedia of Inorganic Chemistry, edited by: Atwood, D., Wiley, 453–466, 2010.
Inomata, Y. and Aoyama, M.: 137Cs measurement points in the surface seawater in the global ocean based in the HAMGlobal2021, CRiED (Center for Research in Isotopes and Environmental Dynamics), University of Tsukuba [data set], https://doi.org/10.34355/Ki-net.KANAZAWA-U.00149, 2022a.
Inomata, Y. and Aoyama, M.: Temporal variations of 137Cs activity concentrations and these 0.5-yr median values in the surface seawater in the global ocean, CRiED (Center for Research in Isotopes and Environmental Dynamics), University of Tsukuba [data set], https://doi.org/10.34355/Ki-net.KANAZAWA-U.00150, 2022b.
Inomata, Y. and Aoyama, M.: Dataset of 0.5-yr median values of 137Cs activity concentrations in the surface seawater in the global ocean during the period from 1957 to 2021., CRiED (Center for Research in Isotopes and Environmental Dynamics), University of Tsukuba [data set], https://doi.org/10.34355/Ki-net.KANAZAWA-U.00151, 2022c.
Inomata, Y., Aoyama, M., and Hirose, K.: Analysis of 50-y record of surface
137Cs concentrations in the global ocean using
the HAM-global database, J. Environ. Monit., 11, 116–125, 2009.
Inomata, Y., Aoyama, M., Tsumune, D., Motoi, T., and Nakano, H.: Optimum
interpolation analysis of basin-scale 137Cs
transport in surface seawater in the North Pacific Ocean, J. Environ. Monit.,
14, 3146–3155, 2012.
Inomata, Y., Aoyama, M., Tsubono, T., Tsumune, D., and Hirose, K.: Spatial
and temporal distributions of 134Cs and 137Cs
derived from the TEPCO Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident in the
North Pacific Ocean by using
optimal interpolation analysis, Environ. Sci. Process. Impacts, 18,
126–136, 2016.
Inomata, Y., Aoyama, M., Hamajima, Y., and Yamada, M.: Transport of FNPP1-derived radiocaesium from subtropical mode water in the western North Pacific Ocean to the Sea of Japan, Ocean Sci., 14, 813–826, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-14-813-2018, 2018.
Ito, T., Kaneko, A., Tsubota, H., and Gohda, H.: The characteristic
distribution of silica over the East China Sea shelf slope, J.
Oceanograph., 50, 465–477, 1994.
Ito, T., Aramaki, T., Kitamura, T., Otosaka, S., Suzuki, T., Togawa, O., Kobayashi, T., Senjyu, T., Chaykovskaya, E. L., Karasev, E. V., Lishavskaya, T. S., Novichkov, V. P., Tlalin, A. V., Shcherbinin, A. F., and Volkov, Y. N.: Anthropogenic radionuclides in the Japan
Sea: their distributions and transport processes, J. Environ. Radioact., 68,
249–267, 2003.
Ito, T., Aramaki, T., Otosaka, S., Kobayashi, T., Senjyu, T., Chaykovskaya, E. L., Karasev, E. V., Lishavskaya, T. S., Novichkov, V. P., Tkalin, A. V., Shcherbinin, A. F., and Volkov, Y. N.: Anthropogenic radionuclides
in seawater of the Japan Sea, J. Nuclear Sci. Technol.,
42, 90–100, 2005.
Kaeriyama, H., Ambe, D., Shimizu, Y., Fujimoto, K., Ono, T., Yonezaki, S., Kato, Y., Matsunaga, H., Minami, H., Nakatsuka, S., and Watanabe, T.: Direct observation of 134Cs and 137Cs in surface seawater in the western and central North Pacific after the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant accident, Biogeosciences, 10, 4287–4295, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-4287-2013, 2013.
Kaeriyama, H., Shimizu, Y., Ambe, D., Masujima, M., Shigenobu, Y., Fujimoto,
K., Ono, T., Nishiuchi, K., Taneda, T., Kurogi, H., Setou, T., Sugisaki, H., Ichikawa, T., Hidaka, K., Hiroe, Y., Kusaka, A., Kodama, T., Kuriyama, M., Morita, H., Nakata, K., Morinaga, K., Morita,
T., and Watanabe, T.: Southwest intrusion of 134Cs
and 137Cs derived from the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant
accident in the Western North Pacific, Environ.
Sci. Technol., 48, 3120–3127, 2014.
Kaeriyama, H., Fujimoto, K., Ambe, D., Shigenobu, Y., Ono, T., Tadokoro, K.,
Okazaki, Y., Kakehi, S., Ito, S., Narimatsu,
Y., Nakata, K., Morita, T., and Watanabe, T.: Fukushima-derived
radionuclides 134Cs and 137Cs in zooplankton and seawater samples
collected off the Joban-Sanriku coast, in Sendai Bay, and in the Oyashio
region, Fish. Sci., 81, 139–153, 2015.
Kameník, J., Dulaiova, H., Buesseler, K. O., Pike, S. M., and Št'astná, K.: Cesium-134 and 137 activities in the central North Pacific Ocean after the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant accident, Biogeosciences, 10, 6045–6052, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-6045-2013, 2013.
Kamidaira, Y., Uchiyama, Y., Kawamura, H., Kobayashi, T., and Furuno, A.:
Submesoscale mixing on initial dilution of
radionuclides released from the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant, J.
Geophys. Res.-Oceans., 123, 2808–2828,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JC013359, 2018.
Kautsky, H.: Investigations on the distribution of Cs and Sr and the water
mass transport times in the Northern North Atlantic
and the North Sea, Dt. Hydrogr. Z., 40, 50–67, 1987.
Kim, C. K., Byun, J. I., Chae, J. S., Choi, H. Y., Choi, S. W., and Kim, D. J.: Radiological impact in Korea following the
Fukushima nuclear accident, J. Environ. Radioact., 111, 70–82, 2012.
Kumamoto, Y., Aoyama, M., Hamajima, Y., Aono, T., Kouketsu, S., and Murata,
A.: Southward spreading of the
Fukushima-derived radiocesium across the Kuroshio Extension in the North
Pacific, Sci Rep., 4, 4276, https://doi.org/10.1038/srep04276, 2014.
Kumamoto, Y., Aoyama, M., Hamajima, Y., Murata, A., and Kawano, T.: Impact
of Fukushima-derived radiocesium in the
western North Pacific Ocean about ten months after the Fukushima Dai-ichi
nuclear power plant accident, J. Environ.
Radioact., 140, 114–122, 2015.
Kumamoto, Y., Aoyama, M., Hamajima, Y., Nishino, S., Murata, A., and
Kikuchi, T.: Meridional distribution of Fukushima-derived radiocesium in surface seawater along a trans-Pacific line from the
Arctic to Antarctic Oceans in summer
2012, J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., 307, 1703–1710, 2016.
Kumamoto, Y., Aoyama, M., Hamajima, Y., Nagai, H., Yamagata, T., Kawai, Y.,
Yamaguchi, A., Imai, K., and Murata, A.:
Fukushima-derived radiocesium in the western North Pacific in 2014, J.
Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., 311, 1209–1217,
2017.
Kumamoto, Y., Aoyama, M., Hamajima, Y., Oka, E., and Murata, A.: Time
evolution of Fukushima-derived radiocesium in
the western subtropical gyre of the North Pacific Ocean by 2017, J.
Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., 318, 2181–2187,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10967-018-6133-5, 2018.
Kumamoto, Y., Yamada, M., Aoyama, M., Hamajima, Y., Kaeriyama, H., Nagai,
H., Yamagata, T., Murata, A., and Masumoto,
Y.: Radiocesium in North Pacific coastal and offshore areas of Japan within
several months after the Fukushima
accident, J. Environ. Radioact., 198, 79–88, 2019.
Livingston, H. D. and Povinec, P. P.: Anthropogenic marine radioactivity,
Ocean Coast. Manag., 43, 689–712, 2000.
Livingston, H. D., Bowe'n, V. T., Casso, S. A., Volchok, H. L., Noshkin, V. E.,
Wong, K. M., and Beasley, T. M.: Fallout Nuclides
in Atlantic and Pacific Water Columns: GEOSECS Data, Technical Report,
WHOI-85-19, 1985.
Maderich, V., Kim, K. O., Bezhenar, R., Jung, K. T., Martazinova, V., and
Igor, B.: Transport and Fate of 137Cs Released From
Multiple Sources in the North Atlantic and Arctic Oceans, Front. Mar. Sci.,
8, 806450, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.806450, 2021.
Matishov, G. G., Matishov, D. G., and Namjatov, A. A.: Artificial radionuclides
in sediments of the Don River Estuary and Azov Sea, J. Environ. Radioact.,
59, 309–327, 2002.
Mignot, J., de Boyer Montégut, C., Lazar, A., and Cravatte, S.: Control
of salinity on the mixed layer depth in the world ocean:
2. Tropical areas, J. Geophys. Res., 112, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JC003954, 2007.
Miroshnichenko, O. N. and Paraskiv, A. A.: 137Cs concentration in
surface waters of Far Eastern seas: Results of expeditionary
research in 2018, Mar. Biolog. J., 5, 55–63, 2020.
Miyake, Y.: Penetration of 90Sr and 137Cs in deep layers of the
Pacific and vertical diffusion rate of deep water, J. Radiat. Res.,
3–3, 141–147, 1962.
Miyake, Y.: Artificial radioactivity in the Pacific Ocean, in: Radioactive
Tracers in Oceanography, I.U.G.G.Monograph,
International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics, 21–30, 1963.
Miyake, Y. and Sugimura, Y.: Plutonium content in the western North Pacific
waters, Pap. Meteorol. Geophys., 19, 481–485,
1968.
Miyake, Y. and Sugimura, Y.: The Plutonium Content of Pacific Ocean Waters,
IAEA-SM-199/22, 91–105, 1978.
Miyake, Y., Saruhashi, K., and Katsuragi, Y.: Strontium 90 in western North
Pacific surface waters, Pap. Meteorol. Geophys.,
XI, 188–191, 1960.
Miyake, Y., Saruhashi, K., Katsuragi, Y., and Kanazawa, T.: Cesium 137 and
Strontium 90 in sea water, J. Radiat. Res., 2–1,
25–28, 1961.
Miyake, Y., Saruhashi, K., Sugimura, Y., Kanazawa, T., and Hirose, K.:
Contents of 137Cs, plutonium and americium isotopes
in the Southern Ocean waters, Pap. Meteorol. Geophys., 39, 95–113, 1988.
Miyao, T., Hirose, K., Aoyama, M., and Igarashi, Y.: Temporal Variation of
137Cs and 239,240Pu in the Sea of Japan, J. Environ.
Radioact., 40, 239–250, 1998.
Molero, J., Sanchez-Cabeza, J. A., Merino, J., Mitchell, P. I., and
Vidal-Quadrasa, A.: Impact of 134Cs and 137Cs from the
Chernobyl reactor accident on the Spanish Mediterranean marine environment,
J. Environ. Radioact., 43, 357–370,
1999.
Montégut, C.: Mixed layer depth over the global ocean: An examination of
profile data and a profile-based climatology, J.
Geophys. Res., 109, C12003, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JC002378, 2004.
Nagaya, Y. and Nakamura, K.: A study on the vertical transport of 90Sr and
137Cs in the surface waters of the seas around Japan,
J. Radiat. Res., 11–1, 32–43, 1970.
Nagaya, Y. and Nakamura, K.: 90Sr and 137Cs contents in the
surface waters of the adjacent seas of Japan and the North Pacific
during 1969 to 1973, J. Oceanogr. Soc. Jpn., 32, 228–234, 1976.
Nagaya, Y. and Nakamura, K.: Artificial radionuclides in the western
Northwest Pacific (I): 90Sr and 137Cs in the deep waters,
J. Oceanogr. Soc. Jpn., 37, 135–144, 1981.
Nagaya, Y. and Nakamura, K.: 239,240Pu, 137Cs and 90Sr in
the central North Pacific, J. Oceanogr. Soc. Jpn., 40, 410–424, 1984.
Nagaya, Y. and Nakamura, K.: Artificial radionuclides in the western
Northwest Pacific (II): 137Cs and 239,240Pu inventories in
water and sediment columns observed from 1980 to 1986, J. Oceanogr. Soc.
Jpn., 43, 345–355, 1987.
Nagaya, Y. and Nakamura, K. Distributions and mass-balance of 239,240Pu and
137Cs in the northern North Pacific, in: Deep Ocean Circulation, Physical and Chemical Aspects.
Elsevier Oceanography Series, edited by:
Teramoto, T., Elsevier,
Amsterdam, 157–167, 1993.
Nagaya, Y., Shiozaki, M., and Seto, Y.: Radioactive contamination of the
Indo-Antarctic Ocean water in each earlier period
in 1961 and 1962, J. Radiat. Res., 5–3–4, 206–214, 1964a.
Nagaya, Y., Shiozaki, M., and Seto, Y.: Radiological survey of sea water of
adjacent Sea of Japan in 1963, Suiro Yoho, 78, 63–67, 1964b (in Japanese).
Nagaya, Y., Shiozaki, M., and Seto, Y.: Some fallout radionuclides in deep
waters around Japan, J. Radiat. Res., 6–1, 23–31,
1965.
Nakanishi, T., Satoh, M., Takai, M., Ishikawa, A., Murata, M., Dairyoh, M.,
and Higuchi, S.: Successive determinations of
210PB, 210PO, 226RA, 228RA and selected actinides in
seawater and sea sediment, J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., 138, 321–230, 1990.
Nakanishi, T., Shiba, Y., Muramatsu, M., and Haque, M. A.: Estimation of
mineral aerosol fluxes to the Pacific by using
environmental plutonium as a tracer, in:
Biogeochemial Processes and Ocean Flux in
the Western Pacific, edited by: Sakai, H. and Nozaki, Y., Terra Science Publishing Company, Tokyo, 15–30,
1995.
Nakano, H., Motoi, T., Hirose, K., and Aoyama, M.: Analysis of 137Cs
concentration in the Pacific using a Lagrangian approach,
J. Geophys, Res., 115, C06015, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JC005640, 2010.
Nies, H.: The distribution of the Chernobyl fallout over the Baltic sea and
its change during 1987 and 1988 in seawater, Baltic Sea Environ.
Proc., 31, 31–41, 1989.
NOAA National Geophysical Data Center: 2-minute Gridded Global Relief Data
(ETOPO2) Global 2, NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information [data set], https://doi.org/10.7289/V5J1012Q, 2006.
Noshkin, V. E.: Concentrations of Radionuclides in Some Seawater and Sediment
Samples from the Equatorial Pacific with
Emphasis on Samples from the Western Pacific Ocean, Preliminary report
prepared for the 1st Coordinated Research
Project on Worldwide Marine Radioactivity Studies, IAEA, Monaco, 1999.
Noshkin, V. E., Eagle, R. J., and Wong, K. M.: Plutonium levels in Kwajalein
Lagoon, Nature, 262, 745–748, 1976.
Noshkin, V. E., Wong, K. M., Jokela, T. A., Eagle, R. J., and Brunk, J. L.:
Radionuclides in the Marine Environment Near the
Farallon Island, UCRL-52381, 16, 1978.
Noshkin, V. E., Wong, K. M., and Eagle, R. J.: Plutonium concentrations in fish
and seawater from Kwajalein Atoll, Health
Phys., 37, 549–556, 1979.
Noshkin, V. E., Brunk, J. L., Jokela, T. A., and Wong, K. M.: 238Pu
concentrations in the marine environment at San Clemente
Island, Health Phys., 40, 643–659, 1981.
Nucler Energy Agency; Chernobyl: Assessment of radiological and Health
Impacts. Chapter II. The release, dispersion, deposition and behaviour of
radionuclides. 2002 Update of Chernobyl: Ten Years On, OECD Publishing, Paris, 2002.
Oki, T. and Kanae, S.: Estimation of areas within a cartesian grid box
considering the ellipticity of the earth, J. Japan Soc.
Hydrol. Water Resour., 10, 371–374, 1997.
Open University: Ocean Circulation, 2nd edn., Elsevier, 2001, reprinted 2004.
OSPAR: Annual report and assessment of discharges of liquid discharges from
nuclear installations, OSPAR Secretariat, The Aspect 12 Finsbury Square, London, EC2A, 1AS, United Kingdom,, 2021.
Pillay, K. C., Smith, R. C., and Folsom, T. R.: Plutonium in the marine
environment, Nature, 203, 568–571, 1964.
Povinec, P. P., Bailly du Bois, P., Kershaw, P. J., Nies, H., and Scotto, P.:
Temporal and spatial trends in the distribution of 137Cs in
surface waters of Northern European Seas – a record of 40 years of
investigations, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 50, 2785–2801,
2003.
Povinec, P. P., Aoyama, M., Fukasawa, M., Hirose, K., Komura, K.,
Sanchez-Cabeza, J. A., Gastaud, J., Ješkovský, M., Levy,
I., and Sýkora, I.: 137Cs water profiles in the South Indian
Ocean–An evidence for accumulation of pollutants in the subtropical gyre,
Prog. Oceanogr., 89, 17–30, 2011.
Prandle, D.: A modelling study of the mixing of 137Cs in the seas of
the European continental shelf, J. Philos. T.
Roy. Soc., A310, 407–430, 1984.
Prandle, D. and Beechey, J.: Marine dispersion of caesium 137 released
from Sellafield and Chernobyl, Geophys. Res. Lett., 18, 1723–1726, 1991.
Sanchez-Cabeza, J. A., Levy, I., Gastaud, J., Eriksson, M., Osvath, I.,
Aoyama, M., Povinec, P. P., and Komura, K.: Transport of
North Pacific 137Cs labeled waters to the south-eastern Atlantic Ocean,
Prog. Oceanogr., 89, 31–37, 2011.
Shirasawa, T. H. and Schuert, E. A.: Fallout Radioactivity in the North Pacific
Ocean: Data Compilation of Sr-90 and Cs-137
Concentrations in Seawater, HASL-197 I-66–I-94, U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, 1968.
Smith, J. N., Ellis, K. M., and Kilius, L. R.: 129I and 137Cs tracer
measurements in the Arctic Ocean, Deep-Sea Res., 45, 959–984,
1998.
Smith, J. N., Rossi, V., Buesseler, K. O., Cullen, J. T., Cornett, J., Nelson,
R., Macdonald, A. M., Robert, M., and Kellogg, M.:
Recent transport jistory of Fukushima Radioactivity in the Northeast Pacific
Ocean, Environ. Sci. Technol., 51, 10494–10502, 2017.
Steinhauser, G., Brandl, A., and Johnson, T. E.: Comparison of the Chernobyl
and Fukushima nuclear accidents: A review of
the environmental impacts, Sci. Total Environ., 470–471, 800–817, 2014.
Stramma, L. and England, M.: On the water masses and mean circulation of
the South Atlantic Ocean, J. Geophys. Res., 104,
20863–20883, 1999.
Suga, M., Ando, A., Ubukawa, T., and Ueda, M.: Calculation of “Sea and
Land Areas and Their Ratio of Each Latitude Band”
by Global Map Version, Kokudochiriin Jihou, 124, 95–98, 2013 (in Japanese).
Tsubono, T., Misumi, K., Tsumune, D., Bryan, F. O., Hirose, K., and Aoyama,
M.: Evaluation of radioactive cesium impact
from atmospheric deposition and direct release fluxes into the North Pacific
from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear
power plant, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. I, 115, 10–21, 2016.
Tsumune, D., Aoyama, M., and Hirose, K.: Numerical simulation of 137Cs and
239,240Pu concentrations by an ocean general
circulation model, J. Environ. Radioact., 69, 61–84, 2003.
Tsumune, D., Aoyama, M., Hirose, K., Bryan, F. O., Lindsay, K., and
Danabasoglu, G.: Transport of 137Cs to the Southern
Hemisphere in an ocean general circulation model, Prog. Oceanogr., 89,
38–48, 2011.
Tsumune, D., Tsubono, T., Aoyama, M., and Hirose, K.: Distribution of
oceanic 137Cs from the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear
Power Plant simulated numerically by a regional ocean model, J. Environ.
Radioact., 111, 100–108, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2011.10.007, 2012.
Tsumune, D., Tsubono, T., Aoyama, M., Uematsu, M., Misumi, K., Maeda, Y., Yoshida, Y., and Hayami, H.: One-year, regional-scale simulation of 137Cs radioactivity in the ocean following the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant accident, Biogeosciences, 10, 5601–5617, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-5601-2013, 2013.
UNSCEAR: Sources and effects of ionizing radiation: UNSCEAR 1993 report to the General Assembly, with scientific annexes/United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects
of Atomic Radiation, United Nations, New York, 1993.
UNSCEAR: Sources, Effects and Risks of Ionizing Radiation, Vol. I. Sources,
Report to the general assembly with scientific
annexes, United Nations, New York, 2000.
UNSCEAR: Sources, Effects and Risks of Ionizing Radiation, Vol. I.
Scientific Annex A, Report to the general assembly
with scientific annexes, United Nations, New York, 2013.
Wessel, P., Smith, W. H. F., Scharroo, R., Luis, J., and Wobbe, F.: Generic
Mapping Tools: Improved Version Released, EOS
Trans. AGU, 94, 409–410, 2013.
Wong, K. M., Jokela, T. A., Eagle, R. J., Brunk, J. L., and Noshkin, V. E.:
Radionuclide concentrations, fluxes, and
residence times at Santa Monica and San Pedro Basins, Prog. Oceanogr., 30,
353–391, 1992.
Yamada, M. and Wang, Z. L.: 137Cs in the western South Pacific Ocean,
Sci. Total Environ., 382, 342–350, 2007.
Yamada, M., Wang, Z. L., and Zheng, J.: The extremely high 137Cs
inventory in the Sulu Sea: A possible mechanism, J. Environ.
Radioact., 90, 163–171, 2006.
Zaborska, A., Winogradow, A., and Pempkowiak, J.: Caesium-137 distribution,
inventories and accumulation history in the
Baltic Sea sediments, J Environ. Radioact., 127, 11–25, 2014.
Short summary
The behavior of 137Cs in surface seawater in the global ocean was analyzed by using the HAMGlobal2021 database. Approximately 32 % of 137Cs existed in the surface seawater in 1970. The 137Cs released into the North Pacific Ocean by large-scale nuclear weapons tests was transported to the Indian Ocean and then the Atlantic Ocean on a 4–5 decadal timescale, whereas 137Cs released from nuclear reprocessing plants was transported northward to the Arctic Ocean on a decadal scale.
The behavior of 137Cs in surface seawater in the global ocean was analyzed by using the...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint