Articles | Volume 14, issue 3
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-1109-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-1109-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Data description paper
| 
11 Mar 2022
Data description paper |
| 11 Mar 2022
| 11 Mar 2022
The Reading Palaeofire Database: an expanded global resource to document changes in fire regimes from sedimentary charcoal records
Sandy P. Harrison
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
School of Archaeology, Geography and Environmental Science, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AH, UK
Leverhulme Centre for Wildfires, Environment and Society, Imperial
College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2BW, UK
Roberto Villegas-Diaz
School of Archaeology, Geography and Environmental Science, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AH, UK
Esmeralda Cruz-Silva
School of Archaeology, Geography and Environmental Science, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AH, UK
Daniel Gallagher
Leverhulme Centre for Wildfires, Environment and Society, Imperial
College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2BW, UK
Department of Geography, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham,
TW20 0SS, UK
David Kesner
School of Archaeology, Geography and Environmental Science, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AH, UK
Leverhulme Centre for Wildfires, Environment and Society, Imperial
College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2BW, UK
Paul Lincoln
School of Archaeology, Geography and Environmental Science, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AH, UK
Leverhulme Centre for Wildfires, Environment and Society, Imperial
College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2BW, UK
Yicheng Shen
School of Archaeology, Geography and Environmental Science, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AH, UK
Luke Sweeney
School of Archaeology, Geography and Environmental Science, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AH, UK
Leverhulme Centre for Wildfires, Environment and Society, Imperial
College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2BW, UK
Daniele Colombaroli
Leverhulme Centre for Wildfires, Environment and Society, Imperial
College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2BW, UK
Department of Geography, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham,
TW20 0SS, UK
Adam Ali
Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (CNRS,
IRD, EPHE), Université de Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France
Chéïma Barhoumi
Department of Palynology and Climate Dynamics, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Göttingen, Untere
Karspüle 2, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
Yves Bergeron
Forest Research Institute (IRF), Université du Québec en
Abitibi-Témiscamingue (UQAT), Rouyn-Noranda, QC, J9X 5E4, Canada
Department of Biological Sciences, Université du Québec à
Montréal (UQAM), Montréal, QC, H3C 3P8, Canada
Tatiana Blyakharchuk
Institute of Monitoring of Climatic and Ecological Systems of Siberian
branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IMCES SB RAS), 634055, Tomsk, Russia
Přemysl Bobek
Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Lidická 25/27, 602 00
Brno, Czech Republic
Richard Bradshaw
Geography and Planning, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZT, UK
Jennifer L. Clear
Department of Geography and Environmental Science, Liverpool Hope
University, Taggart Street, Childwall, Liverpool, L16 9JD, UK
Sambor Czerwiński
Climate Change Ecology Research Unit, Faculty of Geographical and
Geological Sciences, Adam Mickiewicz University Poznań, Bogumiła
Krygowskiego 10, 61-680 Poznań, Poland
Anne-Laure Daniau
Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux
(EPOC), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5805, Centre National de la
Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Bordeaux, 33615 Pessac,
France
John Dodson
Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Keji 1st
Rd, Yanta District, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences, University of
Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia
Kevin J. Edwards
Department of Geography and Environment, University of
Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 3UX, UK
Department of Archaeology, University of Aberdeen, AB24 3UX, UK
McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1TN, UK
Scott Polar Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1TN, UK
Mary E. Edwards
School of Geography and Environmental Science, University of
Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
Angelica Feurdean
Institute of Physical Geography, Goethe University Frankfurt, Altenhöferallee
1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
David Foster
Harvard Forest, Harvard University, Petersham, MA 01366, USA
Konrad Gajewski
Département de Géographie, Environnement et Géomatique,
Université d'Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
Mariusz Gałka
Department of Biogeography, Paleoecology and Nature Protection, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 1/3 Banacha
St., 90-237 Łódź, Poland
Michelle Garneau
Geotop, Université du Québec à Montréal,
Montréal, QC, H2X 3Y7, Canada
Thomas Giesecke
Department of Physical Geography, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht
University, 2584 CS Utrecht, the Netherlands
Graciela Gil Romera
Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología – CSIC, Avda. Montañana 1005,
50059 Zaragoza, Spain
Plant Ecology and Geobotany, Philipps
University of Marburg, Karl-Von-Frisch-Straße 8, 35037 Marburg, Germany
Martin P. Girardin
Laurentian Forestry
Centre, Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, Québec City, QC, G1V V4C, Canada
Dana Hoefer
Senckenberg Research Station of Quaternary Palaeontology, Am
Jakobskirchhof 4, 99423 Weimar, Germany
Kangyou Huang
School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai
519082, China
Jun Inoue
Department of Geosciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City
University, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
Eva Jamrichová
Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Lidická 25/27, 602 00
Brno, Czech Republic
Nauris Jasiunas
Department of Geography, University of Latvia, Jelgavas iela 1, Riga,
1004, Latvia
Wenying Jiang
Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment, Institute of Geology
and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19 Beitucheng West Rd, Beijing, 100029, China
Gonzalo Jiménez-Moreno
Departamento de Estratigrafía y Paleontología, Facultad de
Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Avda. Fuente Nueva S/N, 18002 Granada,
Spain
Monika Karpińska-Kołaczek
Climate Change Ecology Research Unit, Faculty of Geographical and
Geological Sciences, Adam Mickiewicz University Poznań, Bogumiła
Krygowskiego 10, 61-680 Poznań, Poland
Piotr Kołaczek
Climate Change Ecology Research Unit, Faculty of Geographical and
Geological Sciences, Adam Mickiewicz University Poznań, Bogumiła
Krygowskiego 10, 61-680 Poznań, Poland
Niina Kuosmanen
Department of Geosciences and Geography, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box
64, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
Mariusz Lamentowicz
Faculty of Geographical and Geological Sciences, Adam Mickiewicz University Poznań, Bogumiła Krygowskiego 10, 61-680 Poznań, Poland
Martin Lavoie
Département de géographie, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, G1V 0A6,
Canada
International Center for Climate and Environment Sciences, Institute of
Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
Jianyong Li
Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental
Carrying Capacity, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest
University, Xi'an 710127, China
Olga Lisitsyna
Department of Geology, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate tee
5, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia
Russian State Agrarian University, Timiryazevskaya St., 49, 127550,
Moscow, Russia
José Antonio López-Sáez
Environmental Archaeology Research Group, Institute of History, CSIC, 28037
Madrid, Spain
Reyes Luelmo-Lautenschlaeger
Environmental Archaeology Research Group, Institute of History, CSIC, 28037
Madrid, Spain
Gabriel Magnan
Geotop, Université du Québec à Montréal,
Montréal, QC, H2X 3Y7, Canada
Eniko Katalin Magyari
ELKH-MTM-ELTE
Research Group for Paleontology, Department of Environmental and Landscape Geography, Eötvös Loránd university,
Pazmany Peter stny 1/c, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
Alekss Maksims
Department of Geology, University of Latvia, Jelgavas iela 1, Riga,
1004, Latvia
Katarzyna Marcisz
Climate Change Ecology Research Unit, Faculty of Geographical and
Geological Sciences, Adam Mickiewicz University Poznań, Bogumiła
Krygowskiego 10, 61-680 Poznań, Poland
Elena Marinova
Laboratory for Archaeobotany, State Office for Cultural Heritage
Baden-Württemberg, Fischersteig 9, 78343 Gaienhofen-Hemmenhofen, Germany
Jenn Marlon
Yale School of the Environment, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
Scott Mensing
Department of Geography, University of Nevada, Reno, 1664 N Virginia St.,
Reno, NV 89557, USA
Joanna Miroslaw-Grabowska
Institute of Geological Sciences, Polish Academy of Sciences, Twarda 51/55, 00-818 Warsaw,
Poland
Wyatt Oswald
Harvard Forest, Harvard University, Petersham, MA 01366, USA
Marlboro Institute for Liberal Arts and Interdisciplinary Studies,
Emerson College, Boston, MA 02116, USA
Sebastián Pérez-Díaz
Department of Geography, Urban and Regional Planning, University of
Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain
Ramón Pérez-Obiol
Unitat de Botànica, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat
Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
Sanna Piilo
Ecosystems, Environment Research Programme, Environmental Change Research Unit
(ECRU), Faculty of Biological
and Environmental Sciences, University of
Helsinki, Viikinkaari 1, P.O. Box 65, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
Anneli Poska
Department of Geology, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate tee
5, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia
Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University,
Lund, Sweden
Xiaoguang Qin
Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment, Institute of Geology
and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19 Beitucheng West Rd, Beijing, 100029, China
Cécile C. Remy
Institut für Geographie, Universität Augsburg, 86135 Augsburg,
Germany
Pierre J. H. Richard
Département de Géographie, Université
de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H2V 0B3, Canada
Sakari Salonen
Department of Geosciences and Geography, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box
64, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
Naoko Sasaki
Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto
Prefectural University, Shimogamo, Sakyo-ku, 1-5 Hangi-cho, 606-8522 Kyoto,
Japan
Hieke Schneider
Institut für Geographie, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena,
Löbdergraben 32, 07743 Jena, Germany
William Shotyk
Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, 348B South
Academic Building, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H1, Canada
Migle Stancikaite
Institute of Geology and Geography, Nature Research Centre, Akademijos
St. 2, 08412, Vilnius, Lithuania
Dace Šteinberga
Department of Geology, University of Latvia, Jelgavas iela 1, Riga,
1004, Latvia
Normunds Stivrins
Department of Geography, University of Latvia, Jelgavas iela 1, Riga,
1004, Latvia
Department of Geology, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate tee
5, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia
Institute of Latvian History, University of Latvia, Kalpaka blv. 4,
Riga, 1050, Latvia
Hikaru Takahara
Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto Prefectural University, Shimogamo,
Sakyo-ku, 1-5, Hangi-cho, 606-8522 Kyoto, Japan
Zhihai Tan
School of Environment and Chemistry Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic
University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710048, China
Liva Trasune
Department of Geography, University of Latvia, Jelgavas iela 1, Riga,
1004, Latvia
Department of Geosciences and Geography, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box
64, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
Charles E. Umbanhowar
Department of Biology, St Olaf College, 1520
St Olaf Ave, Northfield, MN 55057, USA
Department of Environmental Studies, St Olaf College, 1520
St Olaf Ave, Northfield, MN 55057, USA
Minna Väliranta
Ecosystems, Environment Research Programme, Environmental Change Research Unit
(ECRU), Faculty of Biological
and Environmental Sciences, University of
Helsinki, Viikinkaari 1, P.O. Box 65, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
Jüri Vassiljev
Department of Geology, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate tee
5, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia
Xiayun Xiao
State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute
of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008,
China
Qinghai Xu
College of Resources and Environment Science, Hebei Normal University,
Shijiazhuang 050024, China
Xin Xu
International Center for Climate and Environment Sciences, Institute of
Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
Edyta Zawisza
Institute of Geological Sciences, Polish Academy of Sciences, Twarda 51/55, 00-818 Warsaw,
Poland
Yan Zhao
Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
Zheng Zhou
School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai
519082, China
Jordan Paillard
Département de Géographie, Université
de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H2V 0B3, Canada
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The long-term effects of alkalinisation upon peatland ecosystem functioning remains poorly understood. Using palaeoecological techniques, we show that intensive cement dust pollution altered vegetation cover and reduced carbon storage in an Estonian peatland. Changes also occurred during the 13th century following agricultural intensification. These shifts occurred following substantial as well as small but sustained increases in alkalinity. Limited recovery was evident ~30 years post-pollution.
Anna-Maria Virkkala, Isabel Wargowsky, Judith Vogt, McKenzie A. Kuhn, Simran Madaan, Richard O'Keefe, Tiffany Windholz, Kyle A. Arndt, Brendan M. Rogers, Jennifer D. Watts, Kelcy Kent, Mathias Göckede, David Olefeldt, Gerard Rocher-Ros, Edward A. G. Schuur, David Bastviken, Kristoffer Aalstad, Kelly Aho, Joonatan Ala-Könni, Haley Alcock, Inge Althuizen, Christopher D. Arp, Jun Asanuma, Katrin Attermeyer, Mika Aurela, Sivakiruthika Balathandayuthabani, Alan Barr, Maialen Barret, Ochirbat Batkhishig, Christina Biasi, Mats P. Björkman, Andrew Black, Elena Blanc-Betes, Pascal Bodmer, Julia Boike, Abdullah Bolek, Frédéric Bouchard, Ingeborg Bussmann, Lea Cabrol, Eleonora Canfora, Sean Carey, Karel Castro-Morales, Namyi Chae, Andres Christen, Torben R. Christensen, Casper T. Christiansen, Housen Chu, Graham Clark, Francois Clayer, Patrick Crill, Christopher Cunada, Scott J. Davidson, Joshua F. Dean, Sigrid Dengel, Matteo Detto, Catherine Dieleman, Florent Domine, Egor Dyukarev, Colin Edgar, Bo Elberling, Craig A. Emmerton, Eugenie Euskirchen, Grant Falvo, Thomas Friborg, Michelle Garneau, Mariasilvia Giamberini, Mikhail V. Glagolev, Miquel A. Gonzalez-Meler, Gustaf Granath, Jón Guðmundsson, Konsta Happonen, Yoshinobu Harazono, Lorna Harris, Josh Hashemi, Nicholas Hasson, Janna Heerah, Liam Heffernan, Manuel Helbig, Warren Helgason, Michal Heliasz, Greg Henry, Geert Hensgens, Tetsuya Hiyama, Macall Hock, David Holl, Beth Holmes, Jutta Holst, Thomas Holst, Gabriel Hould-Gosselin, Elyn Humphreys, Jacqueline Hung, Jussi Huotari, Hiroki Ikawa, Danil V. Ilyasov, Mamoru Ishikawa, Go Iwahana, Hiroki Iwata, Marcin Antoni Jackowicz-Korczynski, Joachim Jansen, Järvi Järveoja, Vincent E. J. Jassey, Rasmus Jensen, Katharina Jentzsch, Robert G. Jespersen, Carl-Fredrik Johannesson, Chersity P. Jones, Anders Jonsson, Ji Young Jung, Sari Juutinen, Evan Kane, Jan Karlsson, Sergey Karsanaev, Kuno Kasak, Julia Kelly, Kasha Kempton, Marcus Klaus, George W. Kling, Natacha Kljun, Jacqueline Knutson, Hideki Kobayashi, John Kochendorfer, Kukka-Maaria Kohonen, Pasi Kolari, Mika Korkiakoski, Aino Korrensalo, Pirkko Kortelainen, Egle Koster, Kajar Koster, Ayumi Kotani, Praveena Krishnan, Juliya Kurbatova, Lars Kutzbach, Min Jung Kwon, Ethan D. Kyzivat, Jessica Lagroix, Theodore Langhorst, Elena Lapshina, Tuula Larmola, Klaus S. Larsen, Isabelle Laurion, Justin Ledman, Hanna Lee, A. Joshua Leffler, Lance Lesack, Anders Lindroth, David Lipson, Annalea Lohila, Efrén López-Blanco, Vincent L. St. Louis, Erik Lundin, Misha Luoto, Takashi Machimura, Marta Magnani, Avni Malhotra, Marja Maljanen, Ivan Mammarella, Elisa Männistö, Luca Belelli Marchesini, Phil Marsh, Pertti J. Martkainen, Maija E. Marushchak, Mikhail Mastepanov, Alex Mavrovic, Trofim Maximov, Christina Minions, Marco Montemayor, Tomoaki Morishita, Patrick Murphy, Daniel F. Nadeau, Erin Nicholls, Mats B. Nilsson, Anastasia Niyazova, Jenni Nordén, Koffi Dodji Noumonvi, Hannu Nykanen, Walter Oechel, Anne Ojala, Tomohiro Okadera, Sujan Pal, Alexey V. Panov, Tim Papakyriakou, Dario Papale, Sang-Jong Park, Frans-Jan W. Parmentier, Gilberto Pastorello, Mike Peacock, Matthias Peichl, Roman Petrov, Kyra St. Pierre, Norbert Pirk, Jessica Plein, Vilmantas Preskienis, Anatoly Prokushkin, Jukka Pumpanen, Hilary A. Rains, Niklas Rakos, Aleski Räsänen, Helena Rautakoski, Riika Rinnan, Janne Rinne, Adrian Rocha, Nigel Roulet, Alexandre Roy, Anna Rutgersson, Aleksandr F. Sabrekov, Torsten Sachs, Erik Sahlée, Alejandro Salazar, Henrique Oliveira Sawakuchi, Christopher Schulze, Roger Seco, Armando Sepulveda-Jauregui, Svetlana Serikova, Abbey Serrone, Hanna M. Silvennoinen, Sofie Sjogersten, June Skeeter, Jo Snöälv, Sebastian Sobek, Oliver Sonnentag, Emily H. Stanley, Maria Strack, Lena Strom, Patrick Sullivan, Ryan Sullivan, Anna Sytiuk, Torbern Tagesson, Pierre Taillardat, Julie Talbot, Suzanne E. Tank, Mario Tenuta, Irina Terenteva, Frederic Thalasso, Antoine Thiboult, Halldor Thorgeirsson, Fenix Garcia Tigreros, Margaret Torn, Amy Townsend-Small, Claire Treat, Alain Tremblay, Carlo Trotta, Eeva-Stiina Tuittila, Merritt Turetsky, Masahito Ueyama, Muhammad Umair, Aki Vähä, Lona van Delden, Maarten van Hardenbroek, Andrej Varlagin, Ruth K. Varner, Elena Veretennikova, Timo Vesala, Tarmo Virtanen, Carolina Voigt, Jorien E. Vonk, Robert Wagner, Katey Walter Anthony, Qinxue Wang, Masataka Watanabe, Hailey Webb, Jeffrey M. Welker, Andreas Westergaard-Nielsen, Sebastian Westermann, Jeffrey R. White, Christian Wille, Scott N. Williamson, Scott Zolkos, Donatella Zona, and Susan M. Natali
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2025-585, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2025-585, 2025
Preprint under review for ESSD
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This dataset includes monthly measurements of carbon dioxide and methane exchange between land, water, and the atmosphere from over 1,000 sites in Arctic and boreal regions. It combines measurements from a variety of ecosystems, including wetlands, forests, tundra, lakes, and rivers, gathered by over 260 researchers from 1984–2024. This dataset can be used to improve and reduce uncertainty in carbon budgets in order to strengthen our understanding of climate feedbacks in a warming world.
Jierong Zhao, Boya Zhou, Sandy P. Harrison, and Colin Prentice
Earth Syst. Dynam., 16, 1655–1669, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-16-1655-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-16-1655-2025, 2025
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We used eco-evolutionary optimality modelling to examine how climate and CO2 impacted vegetation at the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM; 21 000 years ago) and the mid-Holocene (MH; 6000 years ago). Low CO2 at the LGM was as important as climate in reducing tree cover and productivity and in increasing C4 plant abundance. Climate had positive effects on MH vegetation, but the low CO2 was a constraint on plant growth. These results show it is important to consider changing CO2 to model ecosystem changes.
Luke Sweeney, Sandy P. Harrison, and Marc Vander Linden
Biogeosciences, 22, 4903–4922, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-4903-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-4903-2025, 2025
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Changes in tree cover across Europe during the Holocene are reconstructed from fossil pollen data using a model developed with modern observations of tree cover and modern pollen assemblages. There is a rapid increase in tree cover after the last glacial period, with maximum cover during the mid-Holocene and a decline thereafter; the timing of the maximum and the speed of the increase and subsequent decrease vary regionally, likely reflecting differences in climate trajectories and human influence.
Agnieszka Halaś, Mariusz Lamentowicz, Milena Obremska, Dominika Łuców, and Michał Słowiński
Biogeosciences, 22, 4797–4822, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-4797-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-4797-2025, 2025
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Western Siberian peatlands regulate global climate, but their response to permafrost thaw remains poorly studied. Our study analyzed peat cores from a peat plateau and a lake edge to track changes over two centuries. We found that permafrost thawing, driven by rising temperatures, altered peatland hydrology, vegetation, and microbial life. These shifts may expand with further warming, affecting carbon storage and climate feedbacks. Our findings highlight early warning signs of ecosystem change.
Laura Boyall, Andrew C. Parnell, Paul Lincoln, Antti Ojala, Armand Hernández, and Celia Martin-Puertas
Clim. Past, 21, 1465–1480, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-21-1465-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-21-1465-2025, 2025
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We present a new approach to reconstructing annual mean temperature using geochemical data from lake sediments. This paper uses Bayesian inference, a type of statistical approach, and creates a model called Simulating Climate Using Bayesian Inference with proxy Data Observations (SCUBIDO), which takes the high-resolution geochemical data and transforms them into quantitative climate information at an annual resolution. We show the results from two lakes in England and Finland to produce temperature reconstructions for the past 8000 years with data every year.
Jade Skye, Joe R. Melton, Colin Goldblatt, Louis Saumier, Angela Gallego-Sala, Michelle Garneau, R. Scott Winton, Erick B. Bahati, Juan C. Benavides, Lee Fedorchuk, Gérard Imani, Carol Kagaba, Frank Kansiime, Mariusz Lamentowicz, Michel Mbasi, Daria Wochal, Sambor Czerwiński, Jacek Landowski, Joanna Landowska, Vincent Maire, Minna M. Väliranta, Matthew Warren, Lydia E. S. Cole, Marissa A. Davies, Erik A. Lilleskov, Jingjing Sun, and Yuwan Wang
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2025-432, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2025-432, 2025
Preprint under review for ESSD
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Peatlands are large stores of carbon but are vulnerable to human activities and climate change. Comprehensive peatland data are vital to understand these ecosystems, but existing datasets are fragmented and contain errors. To address this, we created Peat-DBase — a standardized global database of peat depth measurements with > 200,000 measurements worldwide, showing average depths of 144 cm. Peat-DBase avoids overlapping data compilation efforts while identifying critical observational gaps.
Mariusz Bąk, Mariusz Lamentowicz, Piotr Kołaczek, Daria Wochal, Michał Jakubowicz, Luke Andrews, and Katarzyna Marcisz
Biogeosciences, 22, 3843–3866, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-3843-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-3843-2025, 2025
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We integrated palaeoecological and geochemical data to discern the impact of catastrophic events on the development of peatlands within pine monocultures. An approach that integrates these methods is not commonly employed but offers a more comprehensive understanding of past ecosystem transformations. We used multi-proxy research of the peat core and neodymium isotope record. We support the results of our analyses with the recognition of statistically significant critical transitions.
Shulei Zhang, Hongbin Liang, Fang Li, Xingjie Lu, and Yongjiu Dai
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 29, 3119–3143, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-29-3119-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-29-3119-2025, 2025
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This study enhances irrigation modeling in the Common Land Model by capturing the full irrigation process, detailing water supplies from various sources, and enabling bidirectional coupling between water demand and supply. The proposed model accurately simulates irrigation water withdrawals, energy fluxes, river flow, and crop yields. It offers insights into irrigation-related climate impacts and water scarcity, contributing to sustainable water management and improved Earth system modeling.
Mara Y. McPartland, Tomas Lovato, Charles D. Koven, Jamie D. Wilson, Briony Turner, Colleen M. Petrik, José Licón-Saláiz, Fang Li, Fanny Lhardy, Jaclyn Clement Kinney, Michio Kawamiya, Birgit Hassler, Nathan P. Gillett, Cheikh Modou Noreyni Fall, Christopher Danek, Chris M. Brierley, Ana Bastos, and Oliver Andrews
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-3246, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-3246, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Geoscientific Model Development (GMD).
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The Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) is an international consortium of climate modeling groups that produce coordinated experiments in order to evaluate human influence on the climate and test knowledge of Earth systems. This paper describes the data requested for Earth systems research in CMIP7. We detail the request for model output of the carbon cycle, the flows of energy among the atmosphere, land and the oceans, and interactions between these and the global climate.
Teemu Juselius-Rajamäki, Sanna Piilo, Susanna Salminen-Paatero, Emilia Tuomaala, Tarmo Virtanen, Atte Korhola, Anna Autio, Hannu Marttila, Pertti Ala-Aho, Annalea Lohila, and Minna Väliranta
Biogeosciences, 22, 3047–3071, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-3047-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-3047-2025, 2025
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Vegetation can be used to infer the potential climate feedback of peatlands. New studies have shown the recent expansion of peatlands, but their plant community succession has not been studied. Although generally described as dry bog-type vegetation, our results show that peatland margins in a subarctic fen began as wet fen with high methane emissions and shifted to bog-type peatland area only after the Little Ice Age. Thus, they have acted as a carbon source for most of their history.
Katja Frieler, Stefan Lange, Jacob Schewe, Matthias Mengel, Simon Treu, Christian Otto, Jan Volkholz, Christopher P. O. Reyer, Stefanie Heinicke, Colin Jones, Julia L. Blanchard, Cheryl S. Harrison, Colleen M. Petrik, Tyler D. Eddy, Kelly Ortega-Cisneros, Camilla Novaglio, Ryan Heneghan, Derek P. Tittensor, Olivier Maury, Matthias Büchner, Thomas Vogt, Dánnell Quesada Chacón, Kerry Emanuel, Chia-Ying Lee, Suzana J. Camargo, Jonas Jägermeyr, Sam Rabin, Jochen Klar, Iliusi D. Vega del Valle, Lisa Novak, Inga J. Sauer, Gitta Lasslop, Sarah Chadburn, Eleanor Burke, Angela Gallego-Sala, Noah Smith, Jinfeng Chang, Stijn Hantson, Chantelle Burton, Anne Gädeke, Fang Li, Simon N. Gosling, Hannes Müller Schmied, Fred Hattermann, Thomas Hickler, Rafael Marcé, Don Pierson, Wim Thiery, Daniel Mercado-Bettín, Robert Ladwig, Ana Isabel Ayala-Zamora, Matthew Forrest, Michel Bechtold, Robert Reinecke, Inge de Graaf, Jed O. Kaplan, Alexander Koch, and Matthieu Lengaigne
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2103, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2103, 2025
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This paper describes the experiments and data sets necessary to run historic and future impact projections, and the underlying assumptions of future climate change as defined by the 3rd round of the ISIMIP Project (Inter-sectoral Impactmodel Intercomparison Project, isimip.org). ISIMIP provides a framework for cross-sectorally consistent climate impact simulations to contribute to a comprehensive and consistent picture of the world under different climate-change scenarios.
Angelica Feurdean, Randy Fulweber, Andrei-Cosmin Diaconu, Graeme T. Swindels, and Mariusz Gałka
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2318, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2318, 2025
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We found minimal fire activity in northern Arctic Alaska from ~1000 BCE to 500 CE and a marked increase at 1850 CE when it exceeded any levels observed in the preceding millennia. Our findings suggest that deepening of water tables and peatland drying associated with permafrost thaw have facilitated woody encroachment, especially by more flammable Ericaceous shrubs. This study highlights the importance of moisture–vegetation–fire feedback in shaping the tundra fire regime.
Eliise Poolma, Katarzyna Marcisz, Leeli Amon, Patryk Fiutek, Piotr Kołaczek, Karolina Leszczyńska, Dmitri Mauquoy, Michał Słowiński, Siim Veski, Friederike Wagner-Cremer, and Mariusz Lamentowicz
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2087, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2087, 2025
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We studied a peatland in northern Poland to see how climate and natural ecosystem changes shaped it over the past 11,500 years. By analysing preserved plants and microscopic life, we found clear shifts in wetness linked to climate and internal development. This longest complete peat record in the region shows how peatlands help us understand long-term environmental change and their future resilience to climate change.
Dongliang Zhang, Blyakharchuk Tatiana, Aizhi Sun, Xiaozhong Huang, and Yuejing Li
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1991, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1991, 2025
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Our work clarifies the long-term feedback mechanisms between biomass burning processes and forest community structure across different vegetation zones. The findings hold significant scientific value for understanding human-fire-ecosystem interactions in the arid Central Asia, while offering historical references for regional sustainable ecological management.
Amy Cromartie, Cindy De Jonge, Guillemette Ménot, Mary Robles, Lucas Dugerdil, Odile Peyron, Marta Rodrigo-Gámiz, Jon Camuera, Maria Jose Ramos-Roman, Gonzalo Jiménez-Moreno, Claude Colombié, Lilit Sahakyan, and Sébastien Joannin
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-526, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-526, 2025
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BrGDGT are a molecular biomarker utilized for paleotemperature reconstructions. One issue, however, with utilizing brGDGTs is that the distribution differs in relation to sediment environments (i.e., peat, lake, soil) which change overtime. We utilize the probability estimate outputs from five machine learning algorithms, and a new modern brGDGTs database to track change and apply these models’ to two downcore records utilizing pollen and non-pollen polymorphs to confirm the model’s accuracy.
Kieran M. R. Hunt and Sandy P. Harrison
Clim. Past, 21, 1–26, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-21-1-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-21-1-2025, 2025
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In this study, we train machine learning models on tree rings, speleothems, and instrumental rainfall to estimate seasonal monsoon rainfall over India over the last 500 years. Our models highlight multidecadal droughts in the mid-17th and 19th centuries, and we link these to historical famines. Using techniques from explainable AI (artificial intelligence), we show that our models use known relationships between local hydroclimate and the monsoon circulation.
Fang Li, Xiang Song, Sandy P. Harrison, Jennifer R. Marlon, Zhongda Lin, L. Ruby Leung, Jörg Schwinger, Virginie Marécal, Shiyu Wang, Daniel S. Ward, Xiao Dong, Hanna Lee, Lars Nieradzik, Sam S. Rabin, and Roland Séférian
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 8751–8771, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-8751-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-8751-2024, 2024
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This study provides the first comprehensive assessment of historical fire simulations from 19 Earth system models in phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6). Most models reproduce global totals, spatial patterns, seasonality, and regional historical changes well but fail to simulate the recent decline in global burned area and underestimate the fire response to climate variability. CMIP6 simulations address three critical issues of phase-5 models.
Mariusz Bąk, Mariusz Lamentowicz, Piotr Kołaczek, Daria Wochal, Paweł Matulewski, Dominik Kopeć, Martyna Wietecha, Dominika Jaster, and Katarzyna Marcisz
Biogeosciences, 21, 5143–5172, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-5143-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-5143-2024, 2024
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The study combines palaeoecological, dendrochronological, remote sensing and historical data to detect the impact of forest management and climate change on peatlands. Due to these changes, the peatland studied in this paper and the pine monoculture surrounding it have become vulnerable to water deficits and various types of disturbance, such as fires and pest infestations. As a result of forest management, there has also been a complete change in the vegetation composition of the peatland.
Fang Li, Zhimin Zhou, Samuel Levis, Stephen Sitch, Felicity Hayes, Zhaozhong Feng, Peter B. Reich, Zhiyi Zhao, and Yanqing Zhou
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 6173–6193, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-6173-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-6173-2024, 2024
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A new scheme is developed to model the surface ozone damage to vegetation in regional and global process-based models. Based on 4210 data points from ozone experiments, it accurately reproduces statistically significant linear or nonlinear photosynthetic and stomatal responses to ozone in observations for all vegetation types. It also enables models to implicitly capture the variability in plant ozone tolerance and the shift among species within a vegetation type.
Nikita Kaushal, Franziska A. Lechleitner, Micah Wilhelm, Khalil Azennoud, Janica C. Bühler, Kerstin Braun, Yassine Ait Brahim, Andy Baker, Yuval Burstyn, Laia Comas-Bru, Jens Fohlmeister, Yonaton Goldsmith, Sandy P. Harrison, István G. Hatvani, Kira Rehfeld, Magdalena Ritzau, Vanessa Skiba, Heather M. Stoll, József G. Szűcs, Péter Tanos, Pauline C. Treble, Vitor Azevedo, Jonathan L. Baker, Andrea Borsato, Sakonvan Chawchai, Andrea Columbu, Laura Endres, Jun Hu, Zoltán Kern, Alena Kimbrough, Koray Koç, Monika Markowska, Belen Martrat, Syed Masood Ahmad, Carole Nehme, Valdir Felipe Novello, Carlos Pérez-Mejías, Jiaoyang Ruan, Natasha Sekhon, Nitesh Sinha, Carol V. Tadros, Benjamin H. Tiger, Sophie Warken, Annabel Wolf, Haiwei Zhang, and SISAL Working Group members
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 1933–1963, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1933-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1933-2024, 2024
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Speleothems are a popular, multi-proxy climate archive that provide regional to global insights into past hydroclimate trends with precise chronologies. We present an update to the SISAL (Speleothem Isotopes
Synthesis and AnaLysis) database, SISALv3, which, for the first time, contains speleothem trace element records, in addition to an update to the stable isotope records available in previous versions of the database, cumulatively providing data from 365 globally distributed sites.
Synthesis and AnaLysis) database, SISALv3, which, for the first time, contains speleothem trace element records, in addition to an update to the stable isotope records available in previous versions of the database, cumulatively providing data from 365 globally distributed sites.
Mengmeng Liu, Iain Colin Prentice, and Sandy P. Harrison
Clim. Past Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2024-12, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2024-12, 2024
Preprint under review for CP
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Dansgaard-Oeschger events were large and rapid warming events that occurred multiple times during the last ice age. We show that changes in the northern extratropics and the southern extratropics were anti-phased, with warming over most of the north and cooling in the south. The reconstructions do not provide evidence for a change in seasonality in temperature. However, they do indicate that warming was generally accompanied by wetter conditions and cooling by drier conditions.
Andria Dawson, John W. Williams, Marie-José Gaillard, Simon J. Goring, Behnaz Pirzamanbein, Johan Lindstrom, R. Scott Anderson, Andrea Brunelle, David Foster, Konrad Gajewski, Dan G. Gavin, Terri Lacourse, Thomas A. Minckley, Wyatt Oswald, Bryan Shuman, and Cathy Whitlock
Clim. Past Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2024-6, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2024-6, 2024
Revised manuscript accepted for CP
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Holocene vegetation-atmosphere interactions provide insight into intensifying land use impacts and the Holocene Conundrum- a mismatch between data- and model- inferred temperature. Using pollen records and statistical modeling, we reconstruct Holocene land cover for North America. We determine patterns and magnitudes of land cover changes across scales. We attribute land cover changes to ecological, climatic, and human drivers. These reconstructions provide benchmarks for Earth System Models.
Katja Frieler, Jan Volkholz, Stefan Lange, Jacob Schewe, Matthias Mengel, María del Rocío Rivas López, Christian Otto, Christopher P. O. Reyer, Dirk Nikolaus Karger, Johanna T. Malle, Simon Treu, Christoph Menz, Julia L. Blanchard, Cheryl S. Harrison, Colleen M. Petrik, Tyler D. Eddy, Kelly Ortega-Cisneros, Camilla Novaglio, Yannick Rousseau, Reg A. Watson, Charles Stock, Xiao Liu, Ryan Heneghan, Derek Tittensor, Olivier Maury, Matthias Büchner, Thomas Vogt, Tingting Wang, Fubao Sun, Inga J. Sauer, Johannes Koch, Inne Vanderkelen, Jonas Jägermeyr, Christoph Müller, Sam Rabin, Jochen Klar, Iliusi D. Vega del Valle, Gitta Lasslop, Sarah Chadburn, Eleanor Burke, Angela Gallego-Sala, Noah Smith, Jinfeng Chang, Stijn Hantson, Chantelle Burton, Anne Gädeke, Fang Li, Simon N. Gosling, Hannes Müller Schmied, Fred Hattermann, Jida Wang, Fangfang Yao, Thomas Hickler, Rafael Marcé, Don Pierson, Wim Thiery, Daniel Mercado-Bettín, Robert Ladwig, Ana Isabel Ayala-Zamora, Matthew Forrest, and Michel Bechtold
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 1–51, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-1-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-1-2024, 2024
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Our paper provides an overview of all observational climate-related and socioeconomic forcing data used as input for the impact model evaluation and impact attribution experiments within the third round of the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project. The experiments are designed to test our understanding of observed changes in natural and human systems and to quantify to what degree these changes have already been induced by climate change.
Angelica Feurdean, Richard S. Vachula, Diana Hanganu, Astrid Stobbe, and Maren Gumnior
Biogeosciences, 20, 5069–5085, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-5069-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-5069-2023, 2023
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This paper presents novel results of laboratory-produced charcoal forms from various grass, forb and shrub taxa from the Eurasian steppe to facilitate more robust interpretations of fuel sources and fire types in grassland-dominated ecosystems. Advancements in identifying fuel sources and changes in fire types make charcoal analysis relevant to studies of plant evolution and fire management.
Huiying Xu, Han Wang, Iain Colin Prentice, and Sandy P. Harrison
Biogeosciences, 20, 4511–4525, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4511-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4511-2023, 2023
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Leaf carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) are crucial elements in leaf construction and physiological processes. This study reconciled the roles of phylogeny, species identity, and climate in stoichiometric traits at individual and community levels. The variations in community-level leaf N and C : N ratio were captured by optimality-based models using climate data. Our results provide an approach to improve the representation of leaf stoichiometry in vegetation models to better couple N with C cycling.
Antonin Prijac, Laure Gandois, Pierre Taillardat, Marc-André Bourgault, Khawla Riahi, Alex Ponçot, Alain Tremblay, and Michelle Garneau
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 3935–3955, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-3935-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-3935-2023, 2023
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The peatland dissolved organic carbon (DOC) lost through aquatic exports can offset a significant proportion of the ecosystem carbon balance. Hence, we propose a new approach to better estimate the DOC exports based on the specific contribution of a boreal peatland (Canada) during periods of high flow. In addition, we studied the relations between DOC concentrations and stream discharge in order to better understand the DOC export mechanisms under contrasted hydrometeorological conditions.
Esmeralda Cruz-Silva, Sandy P. Harrison, I. Colin Prentice, Elena Marinova, Patrick J. Bartlein, Hans Renssen, and Yurui Zhang
Clim. Past, 19, 2093–2108, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-2093-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-2093-2023, 2023
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We examined 71 pollen records (12.3 ka to present) in the eastern Mediterranean, reconstructing climate changes. Over 9000 years, winters gradually warmed due to orbital factors. Summer temperatures peaked at 4.5–5 ka, likely declining because of ice sheets. Moisture increased post-11 kyr, remaining high from 10–6 kyr before a slow decrease. Climate models face challenges in replicating moisture transport.
Olivia Haas, Iain Colin Prentice, and Sandy P. Harrison
Biogeosciences, 20, 3981–3995, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3981-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3981-2023, 2023
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We quantify the impact of CO2 and climate on global patterns of burnt area, fire size, and intensity under Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) conditions using three climate scenarios. Climate change alone did not produce the observed LGM reduction in burnt area, but low CO2 did through reducing vegetation productivity. Fire intensity was sensitive to CO2 but strongly affected by changes in atmospheric dryness. Low CO2 caused smaller fires; climate had the opposite effect except in the driest scenario.
Ulrike Herzschuh, Thomas Böhmer, Manuel Chevalier, Raphaël Hébert, Anne Dallmeyer, Chenzhi Li, Xianyong Cao, Odile Peyron, Larisa Nazarova, Elena Y. Novenko, Jungjae Park, Natalia A. Rudaya, Frank Schlütz, Lyudmila S. Shumilovskikh, Pavel E. Tarasov, Yongbo Wang, Ruilin Wen, Qinghai Xu, and Zhuo Zheng
Clim. Past, 19, 1481–1506, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-1481-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-1481-2023, 2023
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A mismatch between model- and proxy-based Holocene climate change may partially originate from the poor spatial coverage of climate reconstructions. Here we investigate quantitative reconstructions of mean annual temperature and annual precipitation from 1908 pollen records in the Northern Hemisphere. Trends show strong latitudinal patterns and differ between (sub-)continents. Our work contributes to a better understanding of the global mean.
Giulia Mengoli, Sandy P. Harrison, and I. Colin Prentice
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1261, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1261, 2023
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Soil water availability affects plant carbon uptake by reducing leaf area and/or by closing stomata, which reduces its efficiency. We present a new formulation of how climatic dryness reduces both maximum carbon uptake and the soil-moisture threshold below which it declines further. This formulation illustrates how plants adapt their water conservation strategy to thrive in dry climates, and is step towards a better representation of soil-moisture effects in climate models.
Ulrike Herzschuh, Thomas Böhmer, Chenzhi Li, Manuel Chevalier, Raphaël Hébert, Anne Dallmeyer, Xianyong Cao, Nancy H. Bigelow, Larisa Nazarova, Elena Y. Novenko, Jungjae Park, Odile Peyron, Natalia A. Rudaya, Frank Schlütz, Lyudmila S. Shumilovskikh, Pavel E. Tarasov, Yongbo Wang, Ruilin Wen, Qinghai Xu, and Zhuo Zheng
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 2235–2258, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2235-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2235-2023, 2023
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Climate reconstruction from proxy data can help evaluate climate models. We present pollen-based reconstructions of mean July temperature, mean annual temperature, and annual precipitation from 2594 pollen records from the Northern Hemisphere, using three reconstruction methods (WA-PLS, WA-PLS_tailored, and MAT). Since no global or hemispheric synthesis of quantitative precipitation changes are available for the Holocene so far, this dataset will be of great value to the geoscientific community.
Wenfu Tang, Simone Tilmes, David M. Lawrence, Fang Li, Cenlin He, Louisa K. Emmons, Rebecca R. Buchholz, and Lili Xia
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 5467–5486, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-5467-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-5467-2023, 2023
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Globally, total wildfire burned area is projected to increase over the 21st century under scenarios without geoengineering and decrease under the two geoengineering scenarios. Geoengineering reduces fire by decreasing surface temperature and wind speed and increasing relative humidity and soil water. However, geoengineering also yields reductions in precipitation, which offset some of the fire reduction.
Mengmeng Liu, Yicheng Shen, Penelope González-Sampériz, Graciela Gil-Romera, Cajo J. F. ter Braak, Iain Colin Prentice, and Sandy P. Harrison
Clim. Past, 19, 803–834, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-803-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-803-2023, 2023
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We reconstructed the Holocene climates in the Iberian Peninsula using a large pollen data set and found that the west–east moisture gradient was much flatter than today. We also found that the winter was much colder, which can be expected from the low winter insolation during the Holocene. However, summer temperature did not follow the trend of summer insolation, instead, it was strongly correlated with moisture.
Furong Li, Marie-José Gaillard, Xianyong Cao, Ulrike Herzschuh, Shinya Sugita, Jian Ni, Yan Zhao, Chengbang An, Xiaozhong Huang, Yu Li, Hongyan Liu, Aizhi Sun, and Yifeng Yao
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 95–112, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-95-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-95-2023, 2023
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The objective of this study is present the first gridded and temporally continuous quantitative plant-cover reconstruction for temperate and northern subtropical China over the last 12 millennia. The reconstructions are based on 94 pollen records and include estimates for 27 plant taxa, 10 plant functional types, and 3 land-cover types. The dataset is suitable for palaeoclimate modelling and the evaluation of simulated past vegetation cover and anthropogenic land-cover change from models.
Lucas Bittner, Cindy De Jonge, Graciela Gil-Romera, Henry F. Lamb, James M. Russell, and Michael Zech
Biogeosciences, 19, 5357–5374, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5357-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5357-2022, 2022
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With regard to global warming, an understanding of past temperature changes is becoming increasingly important. Branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (brGDGTs) are membrane lipids used globally to reconstruct lake water temperatures. In the Bale Mountains lakes, we find a unique composition of brGDGT isomers. We present a modified local calibration and a new high-altitude temperature reconstruction from the Horn of Africa spanning the last 12.5 kyr.
Antonin Prijac, Laure Gandois, Laurent Jeanneau, Pierre Taillardat, and Michelle Garneau
Biogeosciences, 19, 4571–4588, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4571-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4571-2022, 2022
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Pools are common features of peatlands. We documented dissolved organic matter (DOM) composition in pools and peat of an ombrotrophic boreal peatland to understand its origin and potential role in the peatland carbon budget. The survey reveals that DOM composition differs between pools and peat, although it is derived from the peat vegetation. We investigated which processes are involved and estimated that the contribution of carbon emissions from DOM processing in pools could be substantial.
Angelica Feurdean, Andrei-Cosmin Diaconu, Mirjam Pfeiffer, Mariusz Gałka, Simon M. Hutchinson, Geanina Butiseaca, Natalia Gorina, Spassimir Tonkov, Aidin Niamir, Ioan Tantau, Hui Zhang, and Sergey Kirpotin
Clim. Past, 18, 1255–1274, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-1255-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-1255-2022, 2022
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We used palaeoecological records from peatlands in southern Siberia. We showed that warmer climate conditions have lowered the water level and increased the fuel amount and flammability, consequently also increasing the frequency and severity of fires as well as the composition of tree types.
Yicheng Shen, Luke Sweeney, Mengmeng Liu, Jose Antonio Lopez Saez, Sebastián Pérez-Díaz, Reyes Luelmo-Lautenschlaeger, Graciela Gil-Romera, Dana Hoefer, Gonzalo Jiménez-Moreno, Heike Schneider, I. Colin Prentice, and Sandy P. Harrison
Clim. Past, 18, 1189–1201, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-1189-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-1189-2022, 2022
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We present a method to reconstruct burnt area using a relationship between pollen and charcoal abundances and the calibration of charcoal abundance using modern observations of burnt area. We use this method to reconstruct changes in burnt area over the past 12 000 years from sites in Iberia. We show that regional changes in burnt area reflect known changes in climate, with a high burnt area during warming intervals and low burnt area when the climate was cooler and/or wetter than today.
Esther Githumbi, Ralph Fyfe, Marie-Jose Gaillard, Anna-Kari Trondman, Florence Mazier, Anne-Birgitte Nielsen, Anneli Poska, Shinya Sugita, Jessie Woodbridge, Julien Azuara, Angelica Feurdean, Roxana Grindean, Vincent Lebreton, Laurent Marquer, Nathalie Nebout-Combourieu, Miglė Stančikaitė, Ioan Tanţău, Spassimir Tonkov, Lyudmila Shumilovskikh, and LandClimII data contributors
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 1581–1619, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-1581-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-1581-2022, 2022
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Reconstruction of past land cover is necessary for the study of past climate–land cover interactions and the evaluation of climate models and land-use scenarios. We used 1128 available pollen records from across Europe covering the last 11 700 years in the REVEALS model to calculate percentage cover and associated standard errors for 31 taxa, 12 plant functional types and 3 land-cover types. REVEALS results are reliant on the quality of the input datasets.
Huilin Huang, Yongkang Xue, Ye Liu, Fang Li, and Gregory S. Okin
Geosci. Model Dev., 14, 7639–7657, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-7639-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-7639-2021, 2021
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This study applies a fire-coupled dynamic vegetation model to quantify fire impact at monthly to annual scales. We find fire reduces grass cover by 4–8 % annually for widespread areas in south African savanna and reduces tree cover by 1 % at the periphery of tropical Congolese rainforest. The grass cover reduction peaks at the beginning of the rainy season, which quickly diminishes before the next fire season. In contrast, the reduction of tree cover is irreversible within one growing season.
Vojtěch Abraham, Sheila Hicks, Helena Svobodová-Svitavská, Elissaveta Bozilova, Sampson Panajiotidis, Mariana Filipova-Marinova, Christin Eldegard Jensen, Spassimir Tonkov, Irena Agnieszka Pidek, Joanna Święta-Musznicka, Marcelina Zimny, Eliso Kvavadze, Anna Filbrandt-Czaja, Martina Hättestrand, Nurgül Karlıoğlu Kılıç, Jana Kosenko, Maria Nosova, Elena Severova, Olga Volkova, Margrét Hallsdóttir, Laimdota Kalniņa, Agnieszka M. Noryśkiewicz, Bożena Noryśkiewicz, Heather Pardoe, Areti Christodoulou, Tiiu Koff, Sonia L. Fontana, Teija Alenius, Elisabeth Isaksson, Heikki Seppä, Siim Veski, Anna Pędziszewska, Martin Weiser, and Thomas Giesecke
Biogeosciences, 18, 4511–4534, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-4511-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-4511-2021, 2021
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We present a continental dataset of pollen accumulation rates (PARs) collected by pollen traps. This absolute measure of pollen rain (grains cm−2 yr−1) has a positive relationship to current vegetation and latitude. Trap and fossil PARs have similar values within one region, so it opens up possibilities for using fossil PARs to reconstruct past changes in plant biomass and primary productivity. The dataset is available in the Neotoma Paleoecology Database.
Alexander Kuhn-Régnier, Apostolos Voulgarakis, Peer Nowack, Matthias Forkel, I. Colin Prentice, and Sandy P. Harrison
Biogeosciences, 18, 3861–3879, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3861-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3861-2021, 2021
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Along with current climate, vegetation, and human influences, long-term accumulation of biomass affects fires. Here, we find that including the influence of antecedent vegetation and moisture improves our ability to predict global burnt area. Additionally, the length of the preceding period which needs to be considered for accurate predictions varies across regions.
Sascha Scherer, Benjamin Höpfer, Katleen Deckers, Elske Fischer, Markus Fuchs, Ellen Kandeler, Jutta Lechterbeck, Eva Lehndorff, Johanna Lomax, Sven Marhan, Elena Marinova, Julia Meister, Christian Poll, Humay Rahimova, Manfred Rösch, Kristen Wroth, Julia Zastrow, Thomas Knopf, Thomas Scholten, and Peter Kühn
SOIL, 7, 269–304, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-7-269-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-7-269-2021, 2021
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This paper aims to reconstruct Middle Bronze Age (MBA) land use practices in the northwestern Alpine foreland (SW Germany, Hegau). We used a multi-proxy approach including biogeochemical proxies from colluvial deposits in the surroundings of a MBA settlement, on-site archaeobotanical and zooarchaeological data and off-site pollen data. From our data we infer land use practices such as plowing, cereal growth, forest farming and use of fire that marked the beginning of major colluvial deposition.
Angelica Feurdean
Biogeosciences, 18, 3805–3821, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3805-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3805-2021, 2021
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This study characterized the diversity of laboratory-produced charcoal morphological features of various fuel types from Siberia at different temperatures. The results obtained improve the attribution of charcoal particles to fuel types and fire characteristics. This work also provides recommendations for the application of this information to refine the past wildfire history.
Sarah E. Parker, Sandy P. Harrison, Laia Comas-Bru, Nikita Kaushal, Allegra N. LeGrande, and Martin Werner
Clim. Past, 17, 1119–1138, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-1119-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-1119-2021, 2021
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Regional trends in the oxygen isotope (δ18O) composition of stalagmites reflect several climate processes. We compare stalagmite δ18O records from monsoon regions and model simulations to identify the causes of δ18O variability over the last 12 000 years, and between glacial and interglacial states. Precipitation changes explain the glacial–interglacial δ18O changes in all monsoon regions; Holocene trends are due to a combination of precipitation, atmospheric circulation and temperature changes.
Masa Kageyama, Sandy P. Harrison, Marie-L. Kapsch, Marcus Lofverstrom, Juan M. Lora, Uwe Mikolajewicz, Sam Sherriff-Tadano, Tristan Vadsaria, Ayako Abe-Ouchi, Nathaelle Bouttes, Deepak Chandan, Lauren J. Gregoire, Ruza F. Ivanovic, Kenji Izumi, Allegra N. LeGrande, Fanny Lhardy, Gerrit Lohmann, Polina A. Morozova, Rumi Ohgaito, André Paul, W. Richard Peltier, Christopher J. Poulsen, Aurélien Quiquet, Didier M. Roche, Xiaoxu Shi, Jessica E. Tierney, Paul J. Valdes, Evgeny Volodin, and Jiang Zhu
Clim. Past, 17, 1065–1089, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-1065-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-1065-2021, 2021
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The Last Glacial Maximum (LGM; ~21 000 years ago) is a major focus for evaluating how well climate models simulate climate changes as large as those expected in the future. Here, we compare the latest climate model (CMIP6-PMIP4) to the previous one (CMIP5-PMIP3) and to reconstructions. Large-scale climate features (e.g. land–sea contrast, polar amplification) are well captured by all models, while regional changes (e.g. winter extratropical cooling, precipitations) are still poorly represented.
Cody C. Routson, Darrell S. Kaufman, Nicholas P. McKay, Michael P. Erb, Stéphanie H. Arcusa, Kendrick J. Brown, Matthew E. Kirby, Jeremiah P. Marsicek, R. Scott Anderson, Gonzalo Jiménez-Moreno, Jessica R. Rodysill, Matthew S. Lachniet, Sherilyn C. Fritz, Joseph R. Bennett, Michelle F. Goman, Sarah E. Metcalfe, Jennifer M. Galloway, Gerrit Schoups, David B. Wahl, Jesse L. Morris, Francisca Staines-Urías, Andria Dawson, Bryan N. Shuman, Daniel G. Gavin, Jeffrey S. Munroe, and Brian F. Cumming
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 1613–1632, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-1613-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-1613-2021, 2021
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We present a curated database of western North American Holocene paleoclimate records, which have been screened on length, resolution, and geochronology. The database gathers paleoclimate time series that reflect temperature, hydroclimate, or circulation features from terrestrial and marine sites, spanning a region from Mexico to Alaska. This publicly accessible collection will facilitate a broad range of paleoclimate inquiry.
Michal Hájek, Borja Jiménez-Alfaro, Ondřej Hájek, Lisa Brancaleoni, Marco Cantonati, Michele Carbognani, Anita Dedić, Daniel Dítě, Renato Gerdol, Petra Hájková, Veronika Horsáková, Florian Jansen, Jasmina Kamberović, Jutta Kapfer, Tiina Hilkka Maria Kolari, Mariusz Lamentowicz, Predrag Lazarević, Ermin Mašić, Jesper Erenskjold Moeslund, Aaron Pérez-Haase, Tomáš Peterka, Alessandro Petraglia, Eulàlia Pladevall-Izard, Zuzana Plesková, Stefano Segadelli, Yuliya Semeniuk, Patrícia Singh, Anna Šímová, Eva Šmerdová, Teemu Tahvanainen, Marcello Tomaselli, Yuliya Vystavna, Claudia Biţă-Nicolae, and Michal Horsák
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 1089–1105, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-1089-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-1089-2021, 2021
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We developed an up-to-date European map of groundwater pH and Ca (the major determinants of diversity of wetlands) based on 7577 measurements. In comparison to the existing maps, we included much a larger data set from the regions rich in endangered wetland habitats, filled the apparent gaps in eastern and southeastern Europe, and applied geospatial modelling. The latitudinal and altitudinal gradients were rediscovered with much refined regional patterns, as is associated with bedrock variation.
Ana Moreno, Miguel Bartolomé, Juan Ignacio López-Moreno, Jorge Pey, Juan Pablo Corella, Jordi García-Orellana, Carlos Sancho, María Leunda, Graciela Gil-Romera, Penélope González-Sampériz, Carlos Pérez-Mejías, Francisco Navarro, Jaime Otero-García, Javier Lapazaran, Esteban Alonso-González, Cristina Cid, Jerónimo López-Martínez, Belén Oliva-Urcia, Sérgio Henrique Faria, María José Sierra, Rocío Millán, Xavier Querol, Andrés Alastuey, and José M. García-Ruíz
The Cryosphere, 15, 1157–1172, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-1157-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-1157-2021, 2021
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Our study of the chronological sequence of Monte Perdido Glacier in the Central Pyrenees (Spain) reveals that, although the intense warming associated with the Roman period or Medieval Climate Anomaly produced important ice mass losses, it was insufficient to make this glacier disappear. By contrast, recent global warming has melted away almost 600 years of ice accumulated since the Little Ice Age, jeopardising the survival of this and other southern European glaciers over the next few decades.
Angelica Feurdean, Roxana Grindean, Gabriela Florescu, Ioan Tanţău, Eva M. Niedermeyer, Andrei-Cosmin Diaconu, Simon M. Hutchinson, Anne Brigitte Nielsen, Tiberiu Sava, Andrei Panait, Mihaly Braun, and Thomas Hickler
Biogeosciences, 18, 1081–1103, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1081-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1081-2021, 2021
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Here we used multi-proxy analyses from Lake Oltina (Romania) and quantitatively examine the past 6000 years of the forest steppe in the lower Danube Plain, one of the oldest areas of human occupation in southeastern Europe. We found the greatest tree cover between 6000 and 2500 cal yr BP. Forest loss was under way by 2500 yr BP, falling to ~20 % tree cover linked to clearance for agriculture. The weak signs of forest recovery over the past 2500 years highlight recurring anthropogenic pressure.
Chen Jinxia, Shi Xuefa, Liu Yanguang, Qiao Shuqing, Yang Shixiong, Yan Shijuan, Lv Huahua, Li Jianyong, Li Xiaoyan, and Li Chaoxin
Clim. Past, 16, 2509–2531, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-2509-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-2509-2020, 2020
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In this study, we present pollen and grain size data obtained from the Bohai Sea. The results reveal that soil development and salinity gradients are the main factors determining the vegetation dynamics of coastal wetland. Moreover, our pollen-based temperature index revealed a warm Early Holocene, a cool Middle Holocene and then a relatively warm Late Holocene. The main driving factors of temperature variation in this region are insolation, greenhouse gases and ENSO.
Huilin Huang, Yongkang Xue, Fang Li, and Ye Liu
Geosci. Model Dev., 13, 6029–6050, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-6029-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-6029-2020, 2020
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We developed a fire-coupled dynamic vegetation model that captures the spatial distribution, temporal variability, and especially the seasonal variability of fire regimes. The fire model is applied to assess the long-term fire impact on ecosystems and surface energy. We find that fire is an important determinant of the structure and function of the tropical savanna. By changing the vegetation composition and ecosystem characteristics, fire significantly alters surface energy balance.
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Short summary
We provide a new global data set of charcoal preserved in sediments that can be used to examine how fire regimes have changed during past millennia and to investigate what caused these changes. The individual records have been standardised, and new age models have been constructed to allow better comparison across sites. The data set contains 1681 records from 1477 sites worldwide.
We provide a new global data set of charcoal preserved in sediments that can be used to examine...
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