Articles | Volume 13, issue 7
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-3691-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-3691-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
African anthropogenic emissions inventory for gases and particles from 1990 to 2015
UFR Sciences Biologiques, Université Péléforo Gon Coulibaly, BP 1328 Korhogo, Côte d'Ivoire
Catherine Liousse
Laboratoire d'Aérologie, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III CNRS, Toulouse, France
Eric-Michel Assamoi
UFR SSMT-LASMES, Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny, 22 BP 582 Abidjan 22, Côte d'Ivoire
Thierno Doumbia
Laboratoire d'Aérologie, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III CNRS, Toulouse, France
Evelyne Touré N'Datchoh
UFR SSMT-LASMES, Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny, 22 BP 582 Abidjan 22, Côte d'Ivoire
Sylvain Gnamien
UFR SSMT-LASMES, Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny, 22 BP 582 Abidjan 22, Côte d'Ivoire
Nellie Elguindi
Laboratoire d'Aérologie, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III CNRS, Toulouse, France
Claire Granier
Laboratoire d'Aérologie, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III CNRS, Toulouse, France
NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory–CIRES/University of Colorado,
Boulder, CO, USA
Véronique Yoboué
UFR SSMT-LASMES, Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny, 22 BP 582 Abidjan 22, Côte d'Ivoire
Related authors
Antonin Soulie, Claire Granier, Sabine Darras, Nicolas Zilbermann, Thierno Doumbia, Marc Guevara, Jukka-Pekka Jalkanen, Sekou Keita, Cathy Liousse, Monica Crippa, Diego Guizzardi, Rachel Hoesly, and Steven J. Smith
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 2261–2279, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-2261-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-2261-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Anthropogenic emissions are the result of transportation, power generation, industrial, residential and commercial activities as well as waste treatment and agriculture practices. This work describes the new CAMS-GLOB-ANT gridded inventory of 2000–2023 anthropogenic emissions of air pollutants and greenhouse gases. The methodology to generate the emissions is explained and the datasets are analysed and compared with publicly available global and regional inventories for selected world regions.
Ruben Urraca, Greet Janssens-Maenhout, Nicolás Álamos, Lucas Berna-Peña, Monica Crippa, Sabine Darras, Stijn Dellaert, Hugo Denier van der Gon, Mark Dowell, Nadine Gobron, Claire Granier, Giacomo Grassi, Marc Guevara, Diego Guizzardi, Kevin Gurney, Nicolás Huneeus, Sekou Keita, Jeroen Kuenen, Ana Lopez-Noreña, Enrique Puliafito, Geoffrey Roest, Simone Rossi, Antonin Soulie, and Antoon Visschedijk
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 501–523, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-501-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-501-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
CoCO2-MOSAIC 1.0 is a global mosaic of regional bottom-up inventories providing gridded (0.1×0.1) monthly emissions of anthropogenic CO2. Regional inventories include country-specific information and finer spatial resolution than global inventories. CoCO2-MOSAIC provides harmonized access to these datasets and can be considered as a regionally accepted reference to assess the quality of global inventories, as done in the current paper.
Eric Martial Yao, Fabien Solmon, Marcellin Adon, Claire Delon, Corinne Galy-Lacaux, Graziano Giuliani, Bastien Sauvage, and Véronique Yoboue
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3179, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3179, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
As climate change and human activities intensify in Africa, understanding how air pollution, climate, and natural cycles interact is crucial. This study explores how nitrogen oxide emissions from African soils, especially in dry regions, contribute to atmospheric pollution. By using a climate-chemistry model, we show that considering these emissions improves predictions of nitrogen dioxide, nitric acid and ozone, although some discrepancies remain compared to observations.
Hagninou Elagnon Venance Donnou, Aristide Barthélémy Akpo, Money Ossohou, Claire Delon, Véronique Yoboué, Dungall Laouali, Marie Ouafo-Leumbe, Pieter Gideon Van Zyl, Ousmane Ndiaye, Eric Gardrat, Maria Dias-Alves, and Corinne Galy-Lacaux
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 13151–13182, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-13151-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-13151-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Ozone is a secondary air pollutant that is detrimental to human and plant health. A better understanding of its chemical evolution is a challenge for Africa, where it is still undersampled. Out of 14 sites examined (1995–2020), high levels of O3 are reported in southern Africa. The dominant chemical processes leading to O3 formation are identified. A decrease in O3 is observed at Katibougou (Mali) and Banizoumbou (Niger), and an increase is found at Zoétélé (Cameroon) and Skukuza (South Africa).
Rebecca M. Garland, Katye E. Altieri, Laura Dawidowski, Laura Gallardo, Aderiana Mbandi, Nestor Y. Rojas, and N'datchoh E. Touré
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 5757–5764, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-5757-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-5757-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This opinion piece focuses on two geographical areas in the Global South where the authors are based that are underrepresented in atmospheric science. This opinion provides context on common challenges and constraints, with suggestions on how the community can address these. The focus is on the strengths of atmospheric science research in these regions. It is these strengths, we believe, that highlight the critical role of Global South researchers in the future of atmospheric science research.
Antonin Soulie, Claire Granier, Sabine Darras, Nicolas Zilbermann, Thierno Doumbia, Marc Guevara, Jukka-Pekka Jalkanen, Sekou Keita, Cathy Liousse, Monica Crippa, Diego Guizzardi, Rachel Hoesly, and Steven J. Smith
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 2261–2279, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-2261-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-2261-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Anthropogenic emissions are the result of transportation, power generation, industrial, residential and commercial activities as well as waste treatment and agriculture practices. This work describes the new CAMS-GLOB-ANT gridded inventory of 2000–2023 anthropogenic emissions of air pollutants and greenhouse gases. The methodology to generate the emissions is explained and the datasets are analysed and compared with publicly available global and regional inventories for selected world regions.
Ruben Urraca, Greet Janssens-Maenhout, Nicolás Álamos, Lucas Berna-Peña, Monica Crippa, Sabine Darras, Stijn Dellaert, Hugo Denier van der Gon, Mark Dowell, Nadine Gobron, Claire Granier, Giacomo Grassi, Marc Guevara, Diego Guizzardi, Kevin Gurney, Nicolás Huneeus, Sekou Keita, Jeroen Kuenen, Ana Lopez-Noreña, Enrique Puliafito, Geoffrey Roest, Simone Rossi, Antonin Soulie, and Antoon Visschedijk
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 501–523, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-501-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-501-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
CoCO2-MOSAIC 1.0 is a global mosaic of regional bottom-up inventories providing gridded (0.1×0.1) monthly emissions of anthropogenic CO2. Regional inventories include country-specific information and finer spatial resolution than global inventories. CoCO2-MOSAIC provides harmonized access to these datasets and can be considered as a regionally accepted reference to assess the quality of global inventories, as done in the current paper.
Money Ossohou, Jonathan Edward Hickman, Lieven Clarisse, Pierre-François Coheur, Martin Van Damme, Marcellin Adon, Véronique Yoboué, Eric Gardrat, Maria Dias Alvès, and Corinne Galy-Lacaux
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 9473–9494, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9473-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9473-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The updated analyses of ground-based concentrations and satellite total vertical columns of atmospheric ammonia help us to better understand 21st century ammonia dynamics in sub-Saharan Africa. We conclude that the drivers of trends are agriculture in the dry savanna of Katibougou, Mali; air temperature and agriculture in the wet savanna of Djougou, Benin, and Lamto, Côte d'Ivoire; and leaf area index, air temperature, residential, and agriculture in forests of Bomassa, Republic of Congo.
Marc Guevara, Hervé Petetin, Oriol Jorba, Hugo Denier van der Gon, Jeroen Kuenen, Ingrid Super, Claire Granier, Thierno Doumbia, Philippe Ciais, Zhu Liu, Robin D. Lamboll, Sabine Schindlbacher, Bradley Matthews, and Carlos Pérez García-Pando
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 8081–8101, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8081-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8081-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study provides an intercomparison of European 2020 emission changes derived from official inventories, which are reported by countries under the framework of several international conventions and directives, and non-official near-real-time estimates, the use of which has significantly grown since the COVID-19 outbreak. The results of the work are used to produce recommendations on how best to approach and make use of near-real-time emissions for modelling and monitoring applications.
Mohamed Lamine Kassamba-Diaby, Corinne Galy-Lacaux, Veronique Yoboué, Jonathan E. Hickman, Kerneels Jaars, Sylvain Gnamien, Richmond Konan, Eric Gardrat, and Siele Silué
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2022-994, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2022-994, 2022
Preprint archived
Short summary
Short summary
This work presents the chemical composition of precipitation from 2018 to 2020 at three sites representative of a south-north transect in Côte d'Ivoire. It includes two urban sites (Abidjan and Korhogo) and one rural site (Lamto). Measured rain chemical content and wet deposition fluxes highlights different dominant sources contributions i.e anthropogenic sources (traffic, construction, industry) at urban sites and biomass burning at the rural site.
Constance K. Segakweng, Pieter G. van Zyl, Cathy Liousse, Johan P. Beukes, Jan-Stefan Swartz, Eric Gardrat, Maria Dias-Alves, Brigitte Language, Roelof P. Burger, and Stuart J. Piketh
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 10291–10317, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-10291-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-10291-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
A detailed size-resolved assessment of the chemical characteristics of outdoor and indoor aerosols collected in low-income urban settlements in South Africa indicated the significance of household combustion for cooking and space heating – an important source of pollutants in the developing world – to atmospheric chemical composition. The regional impact of industrial sources in the highly industrialised and densely populated north-eastern interior of South Africa was also evident.
Brahima Koné, Arona Diedhiou, Adama Diawara, Sandrine Anquetin, N'datchoh Evelyne Touré, Adama Bamba, and Arsene Toka Kobea
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 711–730, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-711-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-711-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The impact of initial soil moisture anomalies can persist for up to 3–4 months and is greater on temperature than on precipitation over West Africa. The strongest homogeneous impact on temperature is located over the Central Sahel, with a peak change of −1.5 and 0.5 °C in the wet and dry experiments, respectively. The strongest impact on precipitation in the wet and dry experiments is found over the West and Central Sahel, with a peak change of about 40 % and −8 %, respectively.
Brahima Koné, Arona Diedhiou, Adama Diawara, Sandrine Anquetin, N'datchoh Evelyne Touré, Adama Bamba, and Arsene Toka Kobea
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 731–754, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-731-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-731-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The impact of initial soil moisture is more significant on temperature extremes than on precipitation extremes. A stronger impact is found on maximum temperature than on minimum temperature. The impact on extreme precipitation indices is homogeneous, especially over the Central Sahel, and dry (wet) experiments tend to decrease (increase) the number of precipitation extreme events but not their intensity.
Paula Castesana, Melisa Diaz Resquin, Nicolás Huneeus, Enrique Puliafito, Sabine Darras, Darío Gómez, Claire Granier, Mauricio Osses Alvarado, Néstor Rojas, and Laura Dawidowski
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 271–293, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-271-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-271-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This work presents the results of the first joint effort of South American and European researchers to generate regional maps of emissions. The PAPILA dataset is a collection of annual emission inventories of reactive gases (CO, NOx, NMVOCs, NH3, and SO2) from anthropogenic sources in the region for the period 2014–2016. This was developed on the basis of the CAMS-GLOB-ANT v4.1 dataset, enriching it with derived data from locally available emission inventories for Argentina, Chile, and Colombia.
Katerina Sindelarova, Jana Markova, David Simpson, Peter Huszar, Jan Karlicky, Sabine Darras, and Claire Granier
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 251–270, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-251-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-251-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Three new datasets of global emissions of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) emitted into the atmosphere from terrestrial vegetation were developed for air quality modelling using the Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature (MEGANv2.1) driven by European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts meteorological reanalyses for the years 2000–2019. The datasets include updates of the isoprene emission factors in Europe and study the impact of land cover change on emissions.
Thierno Doumbia, Claire Granier, Nellie Elguindi, Idir Bouarar, Sabine Darras, Guy Brasseur, Benjamin Gaubert, Yiming Liu, Xiaoqin Shi, Trissevgeni Stavrakou, Simone Tilmes, Forrest Lacey, Adrien Deroubaix, and Tao Wang
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 4191–4206, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-4191-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-4191-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Most countries around the world have implemented control measures to combat the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, resulting in significant changes in economic and personal activities. We developed the CONFORM (COvid-19 adjustmeNt Factors fOR eMissions) dataset to account for changes in emissions during lockdowns. This dataset was created with the intention of being directly applicable to existing global and regional inventories used in chemical transport models.
Marc Guevara, Oriol Jorba, Carles Tena, Hugo Denier van der Gon, Jeroen Kuenen, Nellie Elguindi, Sabine Darras, Claire Granier, and Carlos Pérez García-Pando
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 367–404, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-367-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-367-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The temporal variability of atmospheric emissions is linked to changes in activity patterns, emission processes and meteorology. Accounting for the change in temporal emission characteristics is a key aspect for modelling the trends of air pollutants. This work presents a dataset of global and European emission temporal profiles to be used for air quality modelling purposes. The profiles were constructed considering the influences of local sociodemographic factors and climatological conditions.
Maurin Zouzoua, Fabienne Lohou, Paul Assamoi, Marie Lothon, Véronique Yoboue, Cheikh Dione, Norbert Kalthoff, Bianca Adler, Karmen Babić, Xabier Pedruzo-Bagazgoitia, and Solène Derrien
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 2027–2051, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-2027-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-2027-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Based on a field experiment conducted in June and July 2016, we analyzed the daytime breakup of continental low-level stratiform clouds over southern West Africa in order to provide complementary guidance for model evaluation during the monsoon season. Those clouds exhibit weaker temperature and moisture jumps at the top compared to marine stratiform clouds. Their lifetime and the transition towards shallow convective clouds during daytime hours depend on their coupling with the surface.
Jean-François Léon, Aristide Barthélémy Akpo, Mouhamadou Bedou, Julien Djossou, Marleine Bodjrenou, Véronique Yoboué, and Cathy Liousse
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 1815–1834, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-1815-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-1815-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We have investigated the aerosol optical depth (AOD) and its relation to PM2.5 surface concentrations in southern West Africa based on in situ observations (2015–2017 period) and MODIS satellite data (2003–2019). MODIS AODs are validated using a regional network of handheld and automatic sun photometers. Satellite-derived PM2.5 shows an increasing trend during the short dry period that is possibly linked to the increase in anthropogenic emission over this area.
Benjamin Gaubert, Louisa K. Emmons, Kevin Raeder, Simone Tilmes, Kazuyuki Miyazaki, Avelino F. Arellano Jr., Nellie Elguindi, Claire Granier, Wenfu Tang, Jérôme Barré, Helen M. Worden, Rebecca R. Buchholz, David P. Edwards, Philipp Franke, Jeffrey L. Anderson, Marielle Saunois, Jason Schroeder, Jung-Hun Woo, Isobel J. Simpson, Donald R. Blake, Simone Meinardi, Paul O. Wennberg, John Crounse, Alex Teng, Michelle Kim, Russell R. Dickerson, Hao He, Xinrong Ren, Sally E. Pusede, and Glenn S. Diskin
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 14617–14647, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-14617-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-14617-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates carbon monoxide pollution in East Asia during spring using a numerical model, satellite remote sensing, and aircraft measurements. We found an underestimation of emission sources. Correcting the emission bias can improve air quality forecasting of carbon monoxide and other species including ozone. Results also suggest that controlling VOC and CO emissions, in addition to widespread NOx controls, can improve ozone pollution over East Asia.
Marc Mallet, Fabien Solmon, Pierre Nabat, Nellie Elguindi, Fabien Waquet, Dominique Bouniol, Andrew Mark Sayer, Kerry Meyer, Romain Roehrig, Martine Michou, Paquita Zuidema, Cyrille Flamant, Jens Redemann, and Paola Formenti
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 13191–13216, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-13191-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-13191-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents numerical simulations using two regional climate models to study the impact of biomass fire plumes from central Africa on the radiative balance of this region. The results indicate that biomass fires can either warm the regional climate when they are located above low clouds or cool it when they are located above land. They can also alter sea and land surface temperatures by decreasing solar radiation at the surface. Finally, they can also modify the atmospheric dynamics.
Cited articles
Adon, A. J., Liousse, C., Doumbia, E. T., Baeza-Squiban, A., Cachier, H., Léon, J.-F., Yoboué, V., Akpo, A. B., Galy-Lacaux, C., Guinot, B., Zouiten, C., Xu, H., Gardrat, E., and Keita, S.: Physico-chemical characterization of urban aerosols from specific combustion sources in West Africa at Abidjan in Côte d'Ivoire and Cotonou in Benin in the frame of the DACCIWA program, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 5327–5354, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-5327-2020, 2020.
Akagi, S. K., Yokelson, R. J., Wiedinmyer, C., Alvarado, M. J., Reid, J. S., Karl, T., Crounse, J. D., and Wennberg, P. O.: Emission factors for open and domestic biomass burning for use in atmospheric models, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 4039–4072, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-4039-2011, 2011.
Assamoi, E.-M. and Liousse, C.: A new inventory for two-wheel vehicle
emissions in West Africa for 2002, Atmos. Environ., 44, 3985–3996, 2010.
Bond, T. C., Streets, D. G., Yarber, K. F., Nelson, S. M., Woo, J.-H., and Klimont, Z. A.: technology-based global inventory of black and organic carbon
emissions from combustion, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 109, D14203, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003JD003697, 2004.
Corsi, D. J., Neuman, M., Finlay, J. E., and Subramanian, S.: Demographic
and health surveys: a profile, Int. J. Epidemiol., 41, 1602–1613, https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dys184, 2012.
Deroubaix, A., Flamant, C., Menut, L., Siour, G., Mailler, S., Turquety, S., Briant, R., Khvorostyanov, D., and Crumeyrolle, S.: Interactions of atmospheric gases and aerosols with the monsoon dynamics over the Sudano-Guinean region during AMMA, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 445–465, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-445-2018, 2018.
Dieme, D., Cabral-Ndior, M., Garçon, G., Verdin, A., Billet, S., Cazier,
F., Courcot, D., Diouf, A., and Shirali, P.: Relationship between
physicochemical characterization and toxicity of fine particulate matter
(PM2.5) collected in Dakar city (Senegal), Environ. Res., 113, 1–13,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2011.11.009, 2012.
Djossou, J., Léon, J.-F., Akpo, A. B., Liousse, C., Yoboué, V., Bedou, M., Bodjrenou, M., Chiron, C., Galy-Lacaux, C., Gardrat, E., Abbey, M., Keita, S., Bahino, J., Touré N'Datchoh, E., Ossohou, M., and Awanou, C. N.: Mass concentration, optical depth and carbon composition of particulate matter in the major southern West African cities of Cotonou (Benin) and Abidjan (Côte d'Ivoire), Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 6275–6291, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-6275-2018, 2018.
Doumbia, E. H. T., Liousse, C., Galy-Lacaux, C., Ndiaye, S. A., Diop, B.,
Ouafo, M., Assamoi, E. M., Gardrat, E., Castera, P., Rosset, R., Akpo, A., and Sigha, L.: Real time black carbon measurements in West and Central
Africa urban sites, Atmos. Environ., 54, 529–537, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.02.005, 2012.
Doumbia, E. H. T., Liousse, C., Keita, S., Granier, L., Granier, C., Elvidge,
C. D., Elguindi, N., and Law, K.: Flaring emissions in Africa:
Distribution, evolution and comparison with current inventories, Atmos.
Environ., 199, 423–434, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2018.11.006, 2019.
Eggleston, H. S., Buendia, L., Miwa, K., Ngara, T., and Tanabe, K. (Eds.): IPCC guidelines for national greenhouse gas inventories, Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (IGES), IPCC, Hayama, Japan, 2, 48–56, available at: https://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/2006gl/ (last access: 25 July 2021), 2006.
Elvidge, C. D., Zhizhin, M., Baugh, K., Hsu, F.-C., and Ghosh, T.: Methods
for global survey of natural gas flaring from visible infrared imaging
radiometer suite data, Energies, 9, 14, https://doi.org/10.3390/en9010014, 2015.
E&P Forum: Guidelines for the development and application of health, safety and environmental management systems, E&P Forum 6.36/2.10, London, UK, 1994.
Evans, M., Knippertz, P., Akpo, A., Allan, R. P., Amekudzi, L., Brooks, B.,
Chiu, J. C., Coe, H., Fink, A. H., Flamant, C., Jegede, O. O., Leal-Liousse,
C., Lohou, F., Kalthoff, N., Mari, C., Marsham, J. H., Yoboué, V., and
Zumsprekel, C. R.: Policy findings from the DACCIWA Project, Zenodo,
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1476843, 2018.
Frey, H. C. and Li, S.: Methods for Quantifying Variability and
Uncertainty in AP-42 Emission Factors: Case Studies for Natural Gas-Fueled
Engines, J. Air Waste Manag. Assoc., 53, 1436–1447,
https://doi.org/10.1080/10473289.2003.10466317, 2003.
Frey, H. C. and Zheng, J.: Quantification of Variability and Uncertainty
in Air Pollutant Emission Inventories: Method and Case Study for Utility NOx
Emissions, J. Air Waste Manag. Assoc., 52, 1083–1095,
https://doi.org/10.1080/10473289.2002.10470837, 2002.
Granier, C., Bessagnet, B., Bond, T., D'Angiola, A., Denier van der Gon, H.,
Frost, G. J., Heil, A., Kaiser, J. W., Kinne, S., Klimont, Z., Kloster, S.,
Lamarque, J.-F., Liousse, C., Masui, T., Meleux, F., Mieville, A., Ohara,
T., Raut, J.-C., Riahi, K., Schultz, M. G., Smith, S. J., Thompson, A., van
Aardenne, J., van der Werf, G. R., and van Vuuren, D. P.: Evolution of
anthropogenic and biomass burning emissions of air pollutants at global and
regional scales during the 1980–2010 period, Clim. Change, 109, 163–190,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-011-0154-1, 2011.
Haslett, S. L., Taylor, J. W., Evans, M., Morris, E., Vogel, B., Dajuma, A., Brito, J., Batenburg, A. M., Borrmann, S., Schneider, J., Schulz, C., Denjean, C., Bourrianne, T., Knippertz, P., Dupuy, R., Schwarzenböck, A., Sauer, D., Flamant, C., Dorsey, J., Crawford, I., and Coe, H.: Remote biomass burning dominates southern West African air pollution during the monsoon, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 15217–15234, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-15217-2019, 2019.
Hoesly, R. M., Smith, S. J., Feng, L., Klimont, Z., Janssens-Maenhout, G., Pitkanen, T., Seibert, J. J., Vu, L., Andres, R. J., Bolt, R. M., Bond, T. C., Dawidowski, L., Kholod, N., Kurokawa, J.-I., Li, M., Liu, L., Lu, Z., Moura, M. C. P., O'Rourke, P. R., and Zhang, Q.: Historical (1750–2014) anthropogenic emissions of reactive gases and aerosols from the Community Emissions Data System (CEDS), Geosci. Model Dev., 11, 369–408, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-369-2018, 2018a.
Hoesly, R. M., Smith, S. J., Feng, L., Klimont, Z., Janssens-Maenhout, G., Pitkanen, T., Seibert, J. J., Vu, L., Andres, R. J., Bolt, R. M., Bond, T. C., Dawidowski, L., Kholod, N., Kurokawa, J.-I., Li, M., Liu, L., Lu, Z., Moura, M. C. P., O'Rourke, P. R., and Zhang, Q.: Historical (1750–2014) anthropogenic emissions of reactive gases and aerosols from the Community Emissions Data System (CEDS), Geosci. Model Dev., 11, 369–408, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-369-2018, 2018b.
Janssens-Maenhout, G., Petrescu, A. M. R., Muntean, M., and Blujdea, V.:
Verifying Greenhouse Gas Emissions: Methods to Support International Climate
Agreements, Greenh. Gas Meas. Manag., 1, 132–133,
https://doi.org/10.1080/20430779.2011.579358, 2011.
Junker, C. and Liousse, C.: A global emission inventory of carbonaceous aerosol from historic records of fossil fuel and biofuel consumption for the period 1860–1997, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 1195–1207, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-1195-2008, 2008.
Keita, S., Liousse, C., Yoboué, V., Dominutti, P., Guinot, B., Assamoi, E.-M., Borbon, A., Haslett, S. L., Bouvier, L., Colomb, A., Coe, H., Akpo, A., Adon, J., Bahino, J., Doumbia, M., Djossou, J., Galy-Lacaux, C., Gardrat, E., Gnamien, S., Léon, J. F., Ossohou, M., N'Datchoh, E. T., and Roblou, L.: Particle and VOC emission factor measurements for anthropogenic sources in West Africa, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 7691–7708, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-7691-2018, 2018.
Keita, S., Liousse, C., Assamoi, E.-M., Doumbia, T., Touré, N'Datchoh, E. T., Gnamien, S., Elguindi, N., Granier, C., and Yoboué, V.: African
Anthropogenic Emissions Inventory for gases and particles from 1990 to 2015,
ECCAD [data set], https://doi.org/10.25326/56, 2020.
Klimont, Z., Smith, S. J., and Cofala, J.: The last decade of global
anthropogenic sulfur dioxide: 2000–2011 emissions, Environ. Res. Lett., 8,
014003, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/8/1/014003, 2013.
Klimont, Z., Kupiainen, K., Heyes, C., Purohit, P., Cofala, J., Rafaj, P., Borken-Kleefeld, J., and Schöpp, W.: Global anthropogenic emissions of particulate matter including black carbon, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 8681–8723, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-8681-2017, 2017.
Kurniawan, J. S. and Khardi, S.: Comparison of methodologies estimating
emissions of aircraft pollutants, environmental impact assessment around
airports, Environ. Impact Assess. Rev., 31, 240–252,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eiar.2010.09.001, 2011.
Liousse, C. and Galy-Lacaux, C.: Pollution urbaine en Afrique de l'Ouest,
La Météorologie, 8, 45, https://doi.org/10.4267/2042/37377, 2010.
Liousse, C., Assamoi, E., Criqui, P., Granier, C., and Rosset, R.:
Explosive growth in African combustion emissions from 2005 to 2030, Environ.
Res. Lett., 9, 035003, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/9/3/035003, 2014.
Marais, E. A. and Wiedinmyer, C.: Air Quality Impact of Diffuse and
Inefficient Combustion Emissions in Africa (DICE-Africa), Environ. Sci.
Technol., 50, 10739–10745, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b02602, 2016.
McDuffie, E. E., Smith, S. J., O'Rourke, P., Tibrewal, K., Venkataraman, C., Marais, E. A., Zheng, B., Crippa, M., Brauer, M., and Martin, R. V.: A global anthropogenic emission inventory of atmospheric pollutants from sector- and fuel-specific sources (1970–2017): an application of the Community Emissions Data System (CEDS), Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 3413–3442, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-3413-2020, 2020.
Ozturk, I. and Bilgili, F.: Economic growth and biomass consumption
nexus: Dynamic panel analysis for Sub-Sahara African countries, Appl. Energy,
137, 110–116, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2014.10.017, 2015.
Pretorius, I. P., Piketh, S., Burger, R., and Neomagus, H.: A perspective
on South African coal fired power station emissions, J. Energy South. Afr.,
26, 27–40, https://doi.org/10.17159/2413-3051/2015/v26i3a2127, 2015.
Smith, S. J., van Aardenne, J., Klimont, Z., Andres, R. J., Volke, A., and Delgado Arias, S.: Anthropogenic sulfur dioxide emissions: 1850–2005, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 1101–1116, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-1101-2011, 2011.
United Nations (UN): World Population Prospects: The 2015 Revision, Methodology of the United Nations Population Estimates and Projections, ESA/P/WP.242., available at: https://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/Publications/Files/WPP2015_Methodology.pdf (last access: 19 July 2021), 2015.
US Standard Atmosphere: US standard atmosphere, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, NOAA – SIT 76-1562, available at: https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/stp/space-weather/online-publications/miscellaneous/us-standard-atmosphere-1976/us-standard-atmosphere_st76-1562_noaa.pdf (last access: 24 July 2021), 1976.
Val, S., Liousse, C., Doumbia, E. H. T., Galy-Lacaux, C., Cachier, H.,
Marchand, N., Badel, A., Gardrat, E., Sylvestre, A., and Baeza-Squiban, A.: Physico-chemical characterization of African urban aerosols (Bamako in
Mali and Dakar in Senegal) and their toxic effects in human bronchial
epithelial cells: description of a worrying situation, Part. Fibre Toxicol.,
10, 10, https://doi.org/10.1186/1743-8977-10-10,
2013.
Wei, W., Wang, S., Chatani, S., Klimont, Z., Cofala, J., and Hao, J.:
Emission and speciation of non-methane volatile organic compounds from
anthropogenic sources in China, Atmos. Environ., 42, 4976–4988,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.02.044, 2008.
Wiedinmyer, C., Yokelson, R. J., and Gullett, B. K.: Global Emissions of
Trace Gases, Particulate Matter, and Hazardous Air Pollutants from Open
Burning of Domestic Waste, Environ. Sci. Technol., 48, 9523–9530,
https://doi.org/10.1021/es502250z, 2014.
World Bank: The World Bank Annual Report 2005: Year in Review, Volume 1, World Bank, Washington, DC, USA, avaialble at: https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/7537 (last access: 19 July 2021), 2005.
Zhao, Y., Nielsen, C. P., Lei, Y., McElroy, M. B., and Hao, J.: Quantifying the uncertainties of a bottom-up emission inventory of anthropogenic atmospheric pollutants in China, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 2295–2308, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-2295-2011, 2011.
Short summary
This inventory fills the gap in African regional inventories, providing biofuel and fossil fuel emissions that take into account African specificities. It could be used for air quality modeling. We show that all pollutant emissions are globally increasing during the period 1990–2015. Also, West Africa and East Africa emissions are largely due to domestic fire and traffic activities, while southern Africa and northern Africa emissions are largely due to industrial and power plant sources.
This inventory fills the gap in African regional inventories, providing biofuel and fossil fuel...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint