Articles | Volume 17, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-685-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-685-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Data description paper
| 
18 Feb 2025
Data description paper |
| 18 Feb 2025
| 18 Feb 2025
High-resolution carbon cycling data from 2019 to 2021 measured at six Austrian long-term ecosystem research sites
Thomas Dirnböck
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Environment Agency Austria, Spittelauer Lände 5, 1090 Vienna, Austria
Michael Bahn
Department of Ecology, Universität Innsbruck, Innrain 52, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
Eugenio Diaz-Pines
Institute of Soil Research, Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, BOKU University, Peter-Jordan-Straße 82, 1190 Vienna, Austria
Ika Djukic
Environment Agency Austria, Spittelauer Lände 5, 1090 Vienna, Austria
Michael Englisch
Austrian Research Centre for Forests, Seckendorff-Gudent Weg 8, 1131 Vienna, Austria
Karl Gartner
Austrian Research Centre for Forests, Seckendorff-Gudent Weg 8, 1131 Vienna, Austria
Günther Gollobich
Austrian Research Centre for Forests, Seckendorff-Gudent Weg 8, 1131 Vienna, Austria
Johannes Ingrisch
Department of Ecology, Universität Innsbruck, Innrain 52, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
Barbara Kitzler
Austrian Research Centre for Forests, Seckendorff-Gudent Weg 8, 1131 Vienna, Austria
Karl Knaebel
Environment Agency Austria, Spittelauer Lände 5, 1090 Vienna, Austria
Johannes Kobler
Environment Agency Austria, Spittelauer Lände 5, 1090 Vienna, Austria
Andreas Maier
Department of Geography and Regional Research, Faculty of Earth Sciences, Geography and Astronomy, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090 Vienna, Austria
Armin Malli
Austrian Research Centre for Forests, Seckendorff-Gudent Weg 8, 1131 Vienna, Austria
Ivo Offenthaler
Environment Agency Austria, Spittelauer Lände 5, 1090 Vienna, Austria
Johannes Peterseil
Environment Agency Austria, Spittelauer Lände 5, 1090 Vienna, Austria
Gisela Pröll
Environment Agency Austria, Spittelauer Lände 5, 1090 Vienna, Austria
Sarah Venier
Environment Agency Austria, Spittelauer Lände 5, 1090 Vienna, Austria
Christoph Wohner
Environment Agency Austria, Spittelauer Lände 5, 1090 Vienna, Austria
Sophie Zechmeister-Boltenstern
Institute of Soil Research, Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, BOKU University, Peter-Jordan-Straße 82, 1190 Vienna, Austria
Anita Zolles
Austrian Research Centre for Forests, Seckendorff-Gudent Weg 8, 1131 Vienna, Austria
Stephan Glatzel
Department of Geography and Regional Research, Faculty of Earth Sciences, Geography and Astronomy, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090 Vienna, Austria
Related authors
No articles found.
Pamela Alessandra Baur, Thiago Rodrigues-Oliveira, Karin Hager, Zhen-Hao Luo, Christa Schleper, and Stephan Glatzel
Biogeosciences, 22, 4467–4490, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-4467-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-4467-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
In the subsaline reed wetland of Lake Neusiedl, we found the highest CH4 emissions in summer and via plant-mediated transport in each season. A clear diel cycle of CH4 emission was only identified for plant-mediated transport in summer. The isotopic source signature of CH4 differed between seasons, with the most 13C-depleted signature in fall. Desiccation reduced methanogenic diversity in the sediments and resulted in a marked increase in and dominance of the O2-tolerant Methanomicrobiales.
Marco M. Lehmann, Josie Geris, Ilja van Meerveld, Daniele Penna, Youri Rothfuss, Matteo Verdone, Pertti Ala-Aho, Matyas Arvai, Alise Babre, Philippe Balandier, Fabian Bernhard, Lukrecija Butorac, Simon Damien Carrière, Natalie C. Ceperley, Zuosinan Chen, Alicia Correa, Haoyu Diao, David Dubbert, Maren Dubbert, Fabio Ercoli, Marius G. Floriancic, Teresa E. Gimeno, Damien Gounelle, Frank Hagedorn, Christophe Hissler, Frédéric Huneau, Alberto Iraheta, Tamara Jakovljević, Nerantzis Kazakis, Zoltan Kern, Karl Knaebel, Johannes Kobler, Jiří Kocum, Charlotte Koeber, Gerbrand Koren, Angelika Kübert, Dawid Kupka, Samuel Le Gall, Aleksi Lehtonen, Thomas Leydier, Philippe Malagoli, Francesca Sofia Manca di Villahermosa, Chiara Marchina, Núria Martínez-Carreras, Nicolas Martin-StPaul, Hannu Marttila, Aline Meyer Oliveira, Gaël Monvoisin, Natalie Orlowski, Kadi Palmik-Das, Aurel Persoiu, Andrei Popa, Egor Prikaziuk, Cécile Quantin, Katja T. Rinne-Garmston, Clara Rohde, Martin Sanda, Matthias Saurer, Daniel Schulz, Michael Paul Stockinger, Christine Stumpp, Jean-Stéphane Venisse, Lukas Vlcek, Stylianos Voudouris, Björn Weeser, Mark E. Wilkinson, Giulia Zuecco, and Katrin Meusburger
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-409, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-409, 2024
Revised manuscript under review for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
This study describes a unique large-scale isotope dataset to study water dynamics in European forests. Researchers collected data from 40 beech and spruce forest sites in spring and summer 2023, using a standardized method to ensure consistency. The results show that water sources for trees change between seasons and vary by tree species. This large dataset offers valuable information for understanding plant water use, improving ecohydrological models, and mapping water cycles across Europe.
Lauren M. Gillespie, Nathalie Y. Triches, Diego Abalos, Peter Finke, Sophie Zechmeister-Boltenstern, Stephan Glatzel, and Eugenio Díaz-Pinés
SOIL, 9, 517–531, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-9-517-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-9-517-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Forest soil is potentially an important source or sink of greenhouse gases (CO2, N2O, and CH4), but this is affected by soil conditions. We studied how land inclination and soil/litter properties influence the flux of these gases. CO2 and N2O were more affected by inclination than CH4; all were affected by soil/litter properties. This study underlines the importance of inclination and soil/litter properties in predicting greenhouse gas fluxes from forest soil and potential source–sink balance.
Julia Fohrafellner, Sophie Zechmeister-Boltenstern, Rajasekaran Murugan, and Elena Valkama
SOIL, 9, 117–140, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-9-117-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-9-117-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The number of meta-analyses in agriculture and soil sciences is continuously rising, but they are often of poor quality. We quantitatively analyzed the quality of 31 meta-analyses studying the effects of different management practices on soil organic carbon (SOC). We found that only one meta-analysis on no tillage/reduced tillage obtained a high score. New or improved meta-analyses on the effects of organic agriculture, biochar, fertilization, and crop diversification on SOC are urgently needed.
Xin Yu, René Orth, Markus Reichstein, Michael Bahn, Anne Klosterhalfen, Alexander Knohl, Franziska Koebsch, Mirco Migliavacca, Martina Mund, Jacob A. Nelson, Benjamin D. Stocker, Sophia Walther, and Ana Bastos
Biogeosciences, 19, 4315–4329, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4315-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4315-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Identifying drought legacy effects is challenging because they are superimposed on variability driven by climate conditions in the recovery period. We develop a residual-based approach to quantify legacies on gross primary productivity (GPP) from eddy covariance data. The GPP reduction due to legacy effects is comparable to the concurrent effects at two sites in Germany, which reveals the importance of legacy effects. Our novel methodology can be used to quantify drought legacies elsewhere.
Niel Verbrigghe, Niki I. W. Leblans, Bjarni D. Sigurdsson, Sara Vicca, Chao Fang, Lucia Fuchslueger, Jennifer L. Soong, James T. Weedon, Christopher Poeplau, Cristina Ariza-Carricondo, Michael Bahn, Bertrand Guenet, Per Gundersen, Gunnhildur E. Gunnarsdóttir, Thomas Kätterer, Zhanfeng Liu, Marja Maljanen, Sara Marañón-Jiménez, Kathiravan Meeran, Edda S. Oddsdóttir, Ivika Ostonen, Josep Peñuelas, Andreas Richter, Jordi Sardans, Páll Sigurðsson, Margaret S. Torn, Peter M. Van Bodegom, Erik Verbruggen, Tom W. N. Walker, Håkan Wallander, and Ivan A. Janssens
Biogeosciences, 19, 3381–3393, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3381-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3381-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
In subarctic grassland on a geothermal warming gradient, we found large reductions in topsoil carbon stocks, with carbon stocks linearly declining with warming intensity. Most importantly, however, we observed that soil carbon stocks stabilised within 5 years of warming and remained unaffected by warming thereafter, even after > 50 years of warming. Moreover, in contrast to the large topsoil carbon losses, subsoil carbon stocks remained unaffected after > 50 years of soil warming.
Susannah Rennie, Klaus Goergen, Christoph Wohner, Sander Apweiler, Johannes Peterseil, and John Watkins
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 631–644, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-631-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-631-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This paper describes a pan-European climate service data product intended for ecological researchers. Access to regional climate scenario data will save ecologists time, and, for many, it will allow them to work with data resources that they will not previously have used due to a lack of knowledge and skills to access them. Providing easy access to climate scenario data in this way enhances long-term ecological research, for example in general regional climate change or impact assessments.
Jan Pisek, Angela Erb, Lauri Korhonen, Tobias Biermann, Arnaud Carrara, Edoardo Cremonese, Matthias Cuntz, Silvano Fares, Giacomo Gerosa, Thomas Grünwald, Niklas Hase, Michal Heliasz, Andreas Ibrom, Alexander Knohl, Johannes Kobler, Bart Kruijt, Holger Lange, Leena Leppänen, Jean-Marc Limousin, Francisco Ramon Lopez Serrano, Denis Loustau, Petr Lukeš, Lars Lundin, Riccardo Marzuoli, Meelis Mölder, Leonardo Montagnani, Johan Neirynck, Matthias Peichl, Corinna Rebmann, Eva Rubio, Margarida Santos-Reis, Crystal Schaaf, Marius Schmidt, Guillaume Simioni, Kamel Soudani, and Caroline Vincke
Biogeosciences, 18, 621–635, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-621-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-621-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Understory vegetation is the most diverse, least understood component of forests worldwide. Understory communities are important drivers of overstory succession and nutrient cycling. Multi-angle remote sensing enables us to describe surface properties by means that are not possible when using mono-angle data. Evaluated over an extensive set of forest ecosystem experimental sites in Europe, our reported method can deliver good retrievals, especially over different forest types with open canopies.
Cited articles
Anderegg, W. R. L., Trugman, A. T., Badgley, G., Anderson, C. M., Bartuska, A., Ciais, P., Cullenward, D., Field, C. B., Freeman, J., Goetz, S. J., Hicke, J. A., Huntzinger, D., Jackson, R. B., Nickerson, J., Pacala, S., and Randerson, J. T.: Climate-driven risks to the climate mitigation potential of forests, Science, 368, eaaz7005, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaz7005, 2020.
Baatz, R., Hendricks Franssen, H. J., Euskirchen, E., Sihi, D., Dietze, M., Ciavatta, S., Fennel, K., Beck, H., Lannoy, G. de, Pauwels, V. R. N., Raiho, A., Montzka, C., Williams, M., Mishra, U., Poppe, C., Zacharias, S., Lausch, A., Samaniego, L., van Looy, K., Bogena, H., Adamescu, M., Mirtl, M., Fox, A., Goergen, K., Naz, B. S., Zeng, Y., and Vereecken, H.: Reanalysis in Earth System Science: Toward Terrestrial Ecosystem Reanalysis, Rev. Geophys., 59, e2020RG000715, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020RG000715, 2021.
Bahn, M. and Ingrisch, J.: Accounting for Complexity in Resilience Comparisons: A Reply to Yeung and Richardson, and Further Considerations, Trends Ecol. Evol., 33, 649–651, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2018.06.006, 2018.
Bahn, M., Rodeghiero, M., Anderson-Dunn, M., Dore, S., Gimeno, C., Drösler, M., Williams, M., Ammann, C., Berninger, F., Flechard, C., Jones, S., Balzarolo, M., Kumar, S., Newesely, C., Priwitzer, T., Raschi, A., Siegwolf, R., Susiluoto, S., Tenhunen, J., Wohlfahrt, G., and Cernusca, A.: Soil Respiration in European Grasslands in Relation to Climate and Assimilate Supply, Ecosystems, 11, 1352–1367, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-008-9198-0, 2008.
Bahn, M., Schmitt, M., Siegwolf, R., Richter, A., and Brüggemann, N.: Does photosynthesis affect grassland soil-respired CO2 and its carbon isotope composition on a diurnal timescale?, New Phytol., 182, 451–460, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2008.02755.x, 2009.
Baur, P. A., Henry Pinilla, D., and Glatzel, S.: Is ebullition or diffusion more important as methane emission pathway in a shallow subsaline lake?, Sci. Total Environ., 912, 169112, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169112, 2024.
Bernal, S., Hedin, L. O., Likens, G. E., Gerber, S., and Buso, D. C.: Complex response of the forest nitrogen cycle to climate change, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 109, 3406–3411, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1121448109, 2012.
Bond-Lamberty, B. and Thomson, A.: Temperature-associated increases in the global soil respiration record, Nature, 464, 579–582, 2010.
Bond-Lamberty, B., Christianson, D. S., Crystal-Ornelas, R., Mathes, K., and Pennington, S. C.: A reporting format for field measurements of soil respiration, Ecol. Inform., 62, 101280, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2021.101280, 2021.
Borken, W. and Matzner, E.: Reappraisal of drying and wetting effects on C and N mineralization and fluxes in soil, Glob. Change Biol., 15, 808–824, 2009.
Buchsteiner, C., Baur, P. A., and Glatzel, S.: Spatial Analysis of Intra-Annual Reed Ecosystem Dynamics at Lake Neusiedl Using RGB Drone Imagery and Deep Learning, Remote Sensing, 15, 3961, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15163961, 2023.
Chen, S., Zou, J., Hu, Z., Chen, H., and Lu, Y.: Global annual soil respiration in relation to climate, soil properties and vegetation characteristics: Summary of available data, Agr. Forest Meteorol., 198–199, 335–346, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2014.08.020, 2014.
Ciais, P., Reichstein, M., Viovy, N., Granier, A., Ogée, J., Allard, V., Aubinet, M., Buchmann, N., Bernhofer, C., Carrara, A., Chevallier, F., Noblet, N. de, Friend, A. D., Friedlingstein, P., Grünwald, T., Heinesch, B., Keronen, P., A. Knohl, A., Krinner, G., Loustau, D., Manca, G., Matteucci, G., Miglietta, F., Ourcival, J. M., Papale, D., Pilegaard, K., Rambal, S., Seufert, G., Soussana, J. F., M. J. Sanz, Schulze, E.-D., Vesala, T., and Valentini, R.: Europe-wide reduction in primary productivity caused by the heat and drought in 2003, Nature, 437, 529–533, 2005.
Diaz-Pines, E.: Rosalia forest (Austria) – meteorological data (2020–2021), EUDAT [data set], https://doi.org/10.23728/b2share.96c52c247eb846deb2a3ec5e2c27b4f1, 2024a.
Diaz-Pines, E.: Rosalia forest (Austria) – soil CO2 respiration (2019–2021), EUDAT [data set], https://doi.org/10.23728/b2share.d167e727abe947abbc8efc04057557f6, 2024b.
Diaz-Pines, E.: Rosalia forest (Austria) – soil temperature and soil moisture (2019–2021), EUDAT [data set], https://doi.org/10.23728/b2share.c68143fc11224c44ae5529bd6a35a76d, 2024c.
Diaz-Pines, E.: Rosalia forest (Austria) – tree increments (2019–2021), EUDAT [data set], https://doi.org/10.23728/b2share.d0d185f1eb184ae48f6d06ea9aa8dbdf, 2024d.
Dirnböck, T., Kobler, J., Kraus, D., Grote, R., and Kiese, R.: Impacts of management and climate change on nitrate leaching in a forested karst area, J. Environ. Manage., 165, 243–252, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2015.09.039, 2016.
Dirnböck, T., Haase, P., Mirtl, M., Pauw, J., and Templer, P. H.: Contemporary International Long-Term Ecological Research (ILTER) – from biogeosciences to socio-ecology and biodiversity research, Reg. Environ. Change, 19, 309–311, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-018-1445-0, 2019.
Dirnböck, T., Brielmann, H., Djukic, I., Geiger, S., Hartmann, A., Humer, F., Kobler, J., Kralik, M., Liu, Y., Mirtl, M., and Pröll, G.: Long- and Short-Term Inorganic Nitrogen Runoff from a Karst Catchment in Austria, Forests, 11, 1112, https://doi.org/10.3390/f11101112, 2020.
Drollinger, S., Maier, A., and Glatzel, S.: Interannual and seasonal variability in carbon dioxide and methane fluxes of a pine peat bog in the Eastern Alps, Austria, Agr. Forest Meteorol., 275, 69–78, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2019.05.015, 2019.
Frank, D., Reichstein, M., Bahn, M., Thonicke, K., Frank, D., Mahecha, M. D., Smith, P., van der Velde, M., Vicca, S., Babst, F., Beer, C., Buchmann, N., Canadell, J. G., Ciais, P., Cramer, W., Ibrom, A., Miglietta, F., Poulter, B., Rammig, A., Seneviratne, S. I., Walz, A., Wattenbach, M., Zavala, M. A., and Zscheischler, J.: Effects of climate extremes on the terrestrial carbon cycle: concepts, processes and potential future impacts, Glob. Change Biol., 21, 2861–2880, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12916, 2015.
Fu, Z., Ciais, P., Bastos, A., Stoy, P. C., Yang, H., Green, J. K., Wang, B., Yu, K., Huang, Y., Knohl, A., Šigut, L., Gharun, M., Cuntz, M., Arriga, N., Roland, M., Peichl, M., Migliavacca, M., Cremonese, E., Varlagin, A., Brümmer, C., La Gourlez de Motte, L., Fares, S., Buchmann, N., El-Madany, T. S., Pitacco, A., Vendrame, N., Li, Z., Vincke, C., Magliulo, E., and Koebsch, F.: Sensitivity of gross primary productivity to climatic drivers during the summer drought of 2018 in Europe, Philos. T. R. Soc. Lon. B, 375, 20190747, https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0747, 2020.
Fuchslueger, L., Bahn, M., Fritz, K., Hasibeder, R., and Richter, A.: Experimental drought reduces the transfer of recently fixed plant carbon to soil microbes and alters the bacterial community composition in a mountain meadow, New Phytol., 201, 916–927, https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.12569, 2014.
Fürst, J., Nachtnebel, H. P., Gasch, J., Nolz, R., Stockinger, M. P., Stumpp, C., and Schulz, K.: Rosalia: an experimental research site to study hydrological processes in a forest catchment, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 4019–4034, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-4019-2021, 2021.
Fuss, R.: gasfluxes: greenhouse gas flux calculation from chamber measurements, Thünen GitLab – DMZ [code], https://git-dmz.thuenen.de/fuss/gasfluxes (last access: 1 December 2020), 2020.
Futter, M. N., Dirnböck, T., Forsius, M., Bäck, J. K., Cools, N., Diaz-Pines, E., Dick, J., Gaube, V., Gillespie, L. M., Högbom, L., Laudon, H., Mirtl, M., Nikolaidis, N., Poppe Terán, C., Skiba, U., Vereecken, H., Villwock, H., Weldon, J., Wohner, C., and Alam, S. A.: Leveraging research infrastructure co-location to evaluate constraints on terrestrial carbon cycling in northern European forests, Ambio, 52, 1819–1831, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-023-01930-4, 2023.
Gartner, K. and Gollobich, G.: Klausen-Leopoldsdorf (Austria) – tree increments (2019–2021), EUDAT [data set], https://doi.org/10.23728/b2share.68d84a913f0c4875be5c680ad4d6959e, 2024.
Gartner, K., Gollobich, G., and Zolles, A.: Klausen-Leopoldsdorf (Austria) – meteorological data (2019–2021), EUDAT [data set], https://doi.org/10.23728/b2share.8f872a37513c4768b16ce755eca4bb57, 2024a.
Gartner, K., Gollobich, G., and Zolles, A.: Klausen-Leopoldsdorf (Austria) – soil temperature and soil moisture (2019–2021), EUDAT [data set], https://doi.org/10.23728/b2share.8d49c0b557f1455a9e66689e035b8cce, 2024b.
Gillespie, L. M., Triches, N. Y., Abalos, D., Finke, P., Zechmeister-Boltenstern, S., Glatzel, S., and Díaz-Pinés, E.: Land inclination controls CO2 and N2O fluxes, but not CH4 uptake, in a temperate upland forest soil, SOIL, 9, 517–531, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-9-517-2023, 2023.
Gillespie, L. M., Kolari, P., Kulmala, L., Leitner, S. M., Pihlatie, M., Zechmeister-Boltenstern, S., and Díaz-Pinés, E.: Drought effects on soil greenhouse gas fluxes in a boreal and a temperate forest, Biogeochemistry, 167, 155–175, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-024-01126-2, 2024.
Glatzel, S., Worrall, F., Boothroyd, I. M., and Heckman, K.: Comparison of the transformation of organic matter flux through a raised bog and a blanket bog, Biogeochemistry, 167, 443–459, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-023-01093-0, 2023.
Gollob, C., Ritter, T., and Nothdurft, A.: Comparison of 3D Point Clouds Obtained by Terrestrial Laser Scanning and Personal Laser Scanning on Forest Inventory Sample Plots, Data, 5, 103, https://doi.org/10.3390/data5040103, 2020.
Grünzweig, J. M., Boeck, H. J. de, Rey, A., Santos, M. J., Adam, O., Bahn, M., Belnap, J., Deckmyn, G., Dekker, S. C., Flores, O., Gliksman, D., Helman, D., Hultine, K. R., Liu, L., Meron, E., Michael, Y., Sheffer, E., Throop, H. L., Tzuk, O., and Yakir, D.: Dryland mechanisms could widely control ecosystem functioning in a drier and warmer world, Nat. Ecol. Evol., 6, 1064–1076, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-022-01779-y, 2022.
Hartl-Meier, C., Zang, C., Büntgen, U., Esper, J., Rothe, A., Göttlein, A., Dirnböck, T., and Treydte, K.: Uniform climate sensitivity in tree-ring stable isotopes across species and sites in a mid-latitude temperate forest, Tree Physiol., 35, 4–15, https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tpu096, 2014.
Hasibeder, R., Fuchslueger, L., Richter, A., and Bahn, M.: Summer drought alters carbon allocation to roots and root respiration in mountain grassland, New Phytol., 205, 1117–1127, https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.13146, 2015.
Haslinger, K. and Bartsch, A.: Creating long-term gridded fields of reference evapotranspiration in Alpine terrain based on a recalibrated Hargreaves method, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 1211–1223, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-1211-2016, 2016.
Heimann, M. and Reichstein, M.: Terrestrial ecosystem carbon dynamics and climate feedbacks, Nature, 451, 289–292, 2008.
Hutchinson, G. L. and Mosier, A. R.: Improved Soil Cover Method for Field Measurement of Nitrous Oxide Fluxes, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. j., 45, 311–316, https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1981.03615995004500020017x, 1981.
Ingrisch, J. and Bahn, M.: Towards a Comparable Quantification of Resilience, Trends Ecol. Evol., 33, 251–259, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2018.01.013, 2018.
Ingrisch, J. and Bahn, M.: Kaserstattalm (Austria) – forest soil CO2 respiration (2019–2020), EUDAT [data set], https://doi.org/10.23728/b2share.cfe8c7ad1965433484650ea9026512ca, 2024a.
Ingrisch, J. and Bahn, M.: Kaserstattalm (Austria) – forest tree increments (2019–2021), EUDAT [data set], https://doi.org/10.23728/b2share.0e3eed54ff30418f8720806b5f05cca9, 2024b.
Ingrisch, J. and Bahn, M.: Kaserstattalm (Austria) – meteorological data (2019–2021), EUDAT [data set], https://doi.org/10.23728/b2share.77462914dc0b43cb8c24a967e6851665, 2024c.
Ingrisch, J. and Bahn, M.: Kaserstattalm (Austria) – soil temperature and soil moisture (2019–2021), EUDAT [data set], https://doi.org/10.23728/b2share.026d76094e8f4512b09b35b7a0d2a9d7, 2024d.
Ingrisch, J., Karlowsky, S., Anadon-Rosell, A., Hasibeder, R., König, A., Augusti, A., Gleixner, G., and Bahn, M.: Land Use Alters the Drought Responses of Productivity and CO2 Fluxes in Mountain Grassland, Ecosystems, 21, 689–703, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-017-0178-0, 2018.
Ingrisch, J., Karlowsky, S., Hasibeder, R., Gleixner, G., and Bahn, M.: Drought and recovery effects on belowground respiration dynamics and the partitioning of recent carbon in managed and abandoned grassland, Glob. Change Biol., 26, 4366–4378, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.15131, 2020.
IPCC: Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis: Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/downloads/ (last access: 1 March 2024), 2021.
Kannenberg, S. A., Schwalm, C. R., and Anderegg, W. R. L.: Ghosts of the past: how drought legacy effects shape forest functioning and carbon cycling, Ecol. Lett., 23, 891–901, https://doi.org/10.1111/ele.13485, 2020.
Kitzler, B. and Hofbauer, A.: Klausen-Leopoldsdorf (Austria) – soil CO2 respiration for the years (2019–2020), EUDAT [data set], https://doi.org/10.23728/b2share.5286bd1bc6aa491f874b9bb12d1c5673, 2024.
Kitzler, B., Zechmeister-Boltenstern, S., Holtermann, C., Skiba, U., and Butterbach-Bahl, K.: Controls over N2O, NOx and CO2 fluxes in a calcareous mountain forest soil, Biogeosciences, 3, 383–395, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-3-383-2006, 2006.
Knierzinger, W., Drescher-Schneider, R., Knorr, K.-H., Drollinger, S., Limbeck, A., Brunnbauer, L., Horak, F., Festi, D., and Wagreich, M.: Anthropogenic and climate signals in late-Holocene peat layers of an ombrotrophic bog in the Styrian Enns valley (Austrian Alps), E&G Quaternary Sci. J., 69, 121–137, https://doi.org/10.5194/egqsj-69-121-2020, 2020.
Kobler, J., Zehetgruber, B., Dirnböck, T., Jandl, R., Mirtl, M., and Schindlbacher, A.: Effects of aspect and altitude on carbon cycling processes in a temperate mountain forest catchment, Landscape Ecol., 34, 325–340, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-019-00769-z, 2019.
Kobler, J., Dirnböck, T., and Pröll, G.: Zöbelboden (Austria) – meteorological data (2019–2021), EUDAT [data set], https://doi.org/10.23728/b2share.762e665273234b129d09ef017416bcfb, 2024a.
Kobler, J., Dirnböck, T., and Pröll, G.: Zöbelboden (Austria) – soil CO2 respiration for the years (2019–2021), EUDAT [data set], https://doi.org/10.23728/b2share.4f44006b932142e68981106a016f1f56, 2024b.
Kobler, J., Dirnböck, T., and Pröll, G.: Zöbelboden (Austria) – soil temperature and soil moisture (2019–2021), EUDAT [data set], https://doi.org/10.23728/b2share.46e19191ce9c427d90f48ce38f56a0e1, 2024c.
Kröel-Dulay, G., Mojzes, A., Szitár, K., Bahn, M., Batáry, P., Beier, C., Bilton, M., Boeck, H. J. de, Dukes, J. S., Estiarte, M., Holub, P., Jentsch, A., Schmidt, I. K., Kreyling, J., Reinsch, S., Larsen, K. S., Sternberg, M., Tielbörger, K., Tietema, A., Vicca, S., and Peñuelas, J.: Field experiments underestimate aboveground biomass response to drought, Nature Ecology & Evolution, 6, 540–545, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-022-01685-3, 2022.
Kulmala, M.: Build a global Earth observatory, Nature, 553, 21–23, https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-017-08967-y, 2018.
Leitner, S., Minixhofer, P., Inselsbacher, E., Keiblinger, K. M., Zimmermann, M., and Zechmeister-Boltenstern, S.: Short-term soil mineral and organic nitrogen fluxes during moderate and severe drying–rewetting events, Appl. Soil Ecol., 114, 28–33, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2017.02.014, 2017.
Leitner, S., Dirnböck, T., Kobler, J., and Zechmeister-Boltenstern, S.: Legacy effects of drought on nitrate leaching in a temperate mixed forest on karst, J. Environ. Manage., 262, 110338, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110338, 2020.
LI-COR Biosciences: SoilFluxPro Software: Instruction manual, https://www.licor.com/support/SoilFluxPro/software.html (last access: 1 January 2022), 2019.
Liu, D., Keiblinger, K. M., Leitner, S., Wegner, U., Zimmermann, M., Fuchs, S., Lassek, C., Riedel, K., and Zechmeister-Boltenstern, S.: Response of Microbial Communities and Their Metabolic Functions to Drying–Rewetting Stress in a Temperate Forest Soil, Microorganisms, 7, 129, https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms7050129, 2019.
Mahecha, M. D., Gans, F., Sippel, S., Donges, J. F., Kaminski, T., Metzger, S., Migliavacca, M., Papale, D., Rammig, A., and Zscheischler, J.: Detecting impacts of extreme events with ecological in situ monitoring networks, Biogeosciences, 14, 4255–4277, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-4255-2017, 2017.
Maier, A. and Glatzel, S.: Lake Neusiedl (Austria) – eddy flux data (2019–2021), EUDAT [data set], https://doi.org/10.23728/b2share.b83caca3efe44868a1ed49129b4a576a, 2024a.
Maier, A. and Glatzel, S.: Lake Neusiedl (Austria) – meteorological data (2019–2021), EUDAT [data set], https://doi.org/10.23728/b2share.f7176c9ee982464f947d2fe9fb8f389d, 2024b.
Maier, A. and Glatzel, S.: Lake Neusiedl (Austria) – soil temperature and soil moisture (2019–2021), EUDAT [data set], https://doi.org/10.23728/b2share.4e6474cd55f9487d97e3d31e83baa530, 2024c.
Maier, A. and Glatzel, S.: Puergschachen Bog (Austria) – eddy covariance data (2019–2021), EUDAT [data set], https://doi.org/10.23728/b2share.4f783e3ff2884abca5c59960db0b7955, 2024d.
Maier, A. and Glatzel, S.: Puergschachen Bog (Austria) – meteorological data (2019–2021), EUDAT [data set], https://doi.org/10.23728/b2share.5442510ad03e4968afb4e2108e85a64d, 2024e.
Maier, A. and Glatzel, S.: Puergschachen Bog (Austria) – soil temperature and soil moisture (2019–2021), EUDAT [data set], https://doi.org/10.23728/b2share.9380364098d14978b876a87517652d62, 2024f.
Mirtl, M., T. Borer, E., Djukic, I., Forsius, M., Haubold, H., Hugo, W., Jourdan, J., Lindenmayer, D., McDowell, W. H., Muraoka, H., Orenstein, D. E., Pauw, J. C., Peterseil, J., Shibata, H., Wohner, C., Yu, X., and Haase, P.: Genesis, goals and achievements of Long-Term Ecological Research at the global scale: A critical review of ILTER and future directions, Sci. Total Environ., 626, 1439–1462, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.12.001, 2018.
Müller, L. M. and Bahn, M.: Drought legacies and ecosystem responses to subsequent drought, Glob. Change Biol., 28, 5086–5103, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.16270, 2022.
Müller, R., Maier, A., Inselsbacher, E., Peticzka, R., Wang, G., and Glatzel, S.: 13C-Labeled Artificial Root Exudates Are Immediately Respired in a Peat Mesocosm Study, Diversity, 14, 735, https://doi.org/10.3390/d14090735, 2022.
Neumann, M. and Starlinger, F.: The significance of different indices for stand structure and diversity in forests, Forest Ecol. Manag., 145, 91–106, 2001.
Oberleitner, F., Hartmann, H., Hasibeder, R., Huang, J., Losso, A., Mayr, S., Oberhuber, W., Wieser, G., and Bahn, M.: Amplifying effects of recurrent drought on the dynamics of tree growth and water use in a subalpine forest, Plant Cell Environ., 45, 2617–2635, https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.14369, 2022.
Offenthaler, I.: data-paper.ipynb, Github [code], https://gist.github.com/1O/9bbe44a03f12801c6c742202b005db57 (last access: 1 September 2024), 2024.
Oggioni, A., Silver, M., Ranghetti, L., and Tagliolato, P.: ReLTER: An Interface for the eLTER Community, GitHub [code], https://github.com/ropensci/ReLTER (last access: 1 March 2024), 2023.
Peterseil, J. and Geiger, S.: Field Specification for data reporting (1.0), Zenodo [data set], https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6373410, 2020.
Pröll, G., Venier, S., and Dirnböck, T.: Zöbelboden (Austria) – tree increments (2019–2021), EUDAT [data set], https://doi.org/10.23728/b2share.2de5b37a0cad4f82a19f477531d6af24, 2024.
Pumpanen, J., Kolari, P., Ilvesniemi, H., Minkkinen, K., Vesala, T., Niinistö, S., Lohila, A., Larmola, T., Morero, M., Pihlatie, M., Janssens, I., Yuste, J. C., Grünzweig, J. M., Reth, S., Subke, J.-A., Savage, K., Kutsch, W., Østreng, G., Ziegler, W., Anthoni, P., Lindroth, A., and Hari, P.: Comparison of different chamber techniques for measuring soil CO2 efflux, Agr. Forest Meteorol., 123, 159–176, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2003.12.001, 2004.
Pumpanen, J., Kulmala, L., Lindén, A., Kolari, P., Nikinmaa, E., and Hari, P.: Seasonal dynamics of autotrophic respiration in boreal forest soil estimated by continuous chamber measurements, Boreal Environ. Res., 20, 637–650, 2015.
Ramonet, M., Ciais, P., Apadula, F., Bartyzel, J., Bastos, A., Bergamaschi, P., Blanc, P. E., Brunner, D., Di Caracciolo Torchiarolo, L., Calzolari, F., Chen, H., Chmura, L., Colomb, A., Conil, S., Cristofanelli, P., Cuevas, E., Curcoll, R., Delmotte, M., Di Sarra, A., Emmenegger, L., Forster, G., Frumau, A., Gerbig, C., Gheusi, F., Hammer, S., Haszpra, L., Hatakka, J., Hazan, L., Heliasz, M., Henne, S., Hensen, A., Hermansen, O., Keronen, P., Kivi, R., Komínková, K., Kubistin, D., Laurent, O., Laurila, T., Lavric, J. V., Lehner, I., Lehtinen, K. E. J., Leskinen, A., Leuenberger, M., Levin, I., Lindauer, M., Lopez, M., Myhre, C. L., Mammarella, I., Manca, G., Manning, A., Marek, M. V., Marklund, P., Martin, D., Meinhardt, F., Mihalopoulos, N., Mölder, M., Morgui, J. A., Necki, J., O'Doherty, S., O'Dowd, C., Ottosson, M., Philippon, C., Piacentino, S., Pichon, J. M., Plass-Duelmer, C., Resovsky, A., Rivier, L., Rodó, X., Sha, M. K., Scheeren, H. A., Sferlazzo, D., Spain, T. G., Stanley, K. M., Steinbacher, M., Trisolino, P., Vermeulen, A., Vítková, G., Weyrauch, D., Xueref-Remy, I., Yala, K., and Yver Kwok, C.: The fingerprint of the summer 2018 drought in Europe on ground-based atmospheric CO2 measurements, Philos. T. R. Soc. Lon. B, 375, 20190513, https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0513, 2020.
Reichstein, M., Bahn, M., Ciais, P., Frank, D., Mahecha, M. D., Seneviratne, S. I., Zscheischler, J., Beer, C., Buchmann, N., Frank, D. C., Papale, D., Rammig, A., Smith, P., Thonicke, K., van der Velde, M., Vicca, S., Walz, A., and Wattenbach, M.: Climate extremes and the carbon cycle, Nature, 500, 287–295, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature12350, 2013.
Rödenbeck, C., Zaehle, S., Keeling, R., and Heimann, M.: The European carbon cycle response to heat and drought as seen from atmospheric CO2 data for 1999–2018, Philos. T. R. Soc. Lon. B, 375, 20190506, https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0506, 2020.
Schindlbacher, A., Wunderlich, S., Borken, W., Kitzler, B., Zechmeister-Boltenstern, S., and Jandl, R.: Soil respiration under climate change: prolonged summer drought offsets soil warming effects, Glob. Change Biol., 18, 2270–2279, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2012.02696.x, 2012.
Schmitt, M., Bahn, M., Wohlfahrt, G., Tappeiner, U., and Cernusca, A.: Land use affects the net ecosystem CO2 exchange and its components in mountain grasslands, Biogeosciences, 7, 2297–2309, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-2297-2010, 2010.
Schwen, A., Zimmermann, M., Leitner, S., and Woche, S. K.: Soil Water Repellency and its Impact on Hydraulic Characteristics in a Beech Forest under Simulated Climate Change, Vadose Zone J., 14, 1–11, https://doi.org/10.2136/vzj2015.06.0089, 2015.
Vicente-Serrano, S. M., Beguería S, and López-Moreno, J. I.: A Multiscalar Drought Index Sensitive to Global Warming: The Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index, J. Climate, 23, 1696–1718, https://doi.org/10.1175/2009JCLI2909.1, 2010.
Wilkinson, M. D., Dumontier, M., Aalbersberg, I. J. J., Appleton, G., Axton, M., Baak, A., Blomberg, N., Boiten, J.-W., da Silva Santos, L. B., Bourne, P. E., Bouwman, J., Brookes, A. J., Clark, T., Crosas, M., Dillo, I., Dumon, O., Edmunds, S., Evelo, C. T., Finkers, R., Gonzalez-Beltran, A., Gray, A. J. G., Groth, P., Goble, C., Grethe, J. S., Heringa, J., Hoen, P. A. C., Hooft, R., Kuhn, T., Kok, R., Kok, J., Lusher, S. J., Martone, M. E., Mons, A., Packer, A. L., Persson, B., Rocca-Serra, P., Roos, M., van Schaik, R., Sansone, S.-A., Schultes, E., Sengstag, T., Slater, T., Strawn, G., Swertz, M. A., Thompson, M., van der Lei, J., van Mulligen, E., Velterop, J., Waagmeester, A., Wittenburg, P., Wolstencroft, K., Zhao, J., and Mons, B.: The FAIR Guiding Principles for scientific data management and stewardship, Scientific data, 3, 160018, https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2016.18, 2016.
Wohner, C.: deimsPy, Pypi [code], https://pypi.org/project/deims/, 2023.
Wohner, C., Peterseil, J., Poursanidis, D., Kliment, T., Wilson, M., Mirtl, M., and Chrysoulakis, N.: DEIMS-SDR – A web portal to document research sites and their associated data, Ecol. Inform., 51, 15–24, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2019.01.005, 2019.
Wohner, C., Dirnböck, T., Peterseil, J., Pröll, G., and Geiger, S.: Providing high resolution data for the long-term ecosystem research infrastructure on the national and European scale, in: Umweltinformationssysteme – Wie verändert die Digitalisierung unsere Gesellschaft?, edited by: Freitag, U., Fuchs-Kittowski, F., Abecker, A., Hosenfeld, F., Springer Vieweg, Wiesbaden, https://www.springerprofessional.de/umweltinformationssysteme-wie-veraendert-die-digitalisierung-uns/18729482#TOC (last access: 1 March 2024), 2021.
Wohner, C., Peterseil, J., and Klug, H.: Designing and implementing a data model for describing environmental monitoring and research sites, Ecol. Inform., 70, 101708, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2022.101708, 2022.
Working Group WRB: World Reference Base for Soil Resources 2014, update 2015 International soil classification system for naming soils and creating legends for soil maps, World Soil Resources Reports No. 106. FAO, Rome, https://openknowledge.fao.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/bcdecec7-f45f-4dc5-beb1-97022d29fab4/content (last access: 1 March 2024), 2015.
Wu, D., Ciais, P., Viovy, N., Knapp, A. K., Wilcox, K., Bahn, M., Smith, M. D., Vicca, S., Fatichi, S., Zscheischler, J., He, Y., Li, X., Ito, A., Arneth, A., Harper, A., Ukkola, A., Paschalis, A., Poulter, B., Peng, C., Ricciuto, D., Reinthaler, D., Chen, G., Tian, H., Genet, H., Mao, J., Ingrisch, J., Nabel, J. E. S. M., Pongratz, J., Boysen, L. R., Kautz, M., Schmitt, M., Meir, P., Zhu, Q., Hasibeder, R., Sippel, S., Dangal, S. R. S., Sitch, S., Shi, X., Wang, Y., Luo, Y., Liu, Y., and Piao, S.: Asymmetric responses of primary productivity to altered precipitation simulated by ecosystem models across three long-term grassland sites, Biogeosciences, 15, 3421–3437, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-3421-2018, 2018.
Yu, X., Orth, R., Reichstein, M., Bahn, M., Klosterhalfen, A., Knohl, A., Koebsch, F., Migliavacca, M., Mund, M., Nelson, J. A., Stocker, B. D., Walther, S., and Bastos, A.: Contrasting drought legacy effects on gross primary productivity in a mixed versus pure beech forest, Biogeosciences, 19, 4315–4329, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4315-2022, 2022.
Zweifel, R.: Radial stem variations – a source of tree physiological information not fully exploited yet, Plant Cell Environ., 39, 231–232, https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.12613, 2016.
Zweifel, R., Etzold, S., Basler, D., Bischoff, R., Braun, S., Buchmann, N., Conedera, M., Fonti, P., Gessler, A., Haeni, M., Hoch, G., Kahmen, A., Köchli, R., Maeder, M., Nievergelt, D., Peter, M., Peters, R. L., Schaub, M., Trotsiuk, V., Walthert, L., Wilhelm, M., and Eugster, W.: TreeNet–The Biological Drought and Growth Indicator Network, Front. For. Glob. Change, 4, 776905, https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2021.776905, 2021.
Zweifel, R., Pappas, C., Peters, R. L., Babst, F., Balanzategui, D., Basler, D., Bastos, A., Beloiu, M., Buchmann, N., Bose, A. K., Braun, S., Damm, A., D'Odorico, P., Eitel, J. U., Etzold, S., Fonti, P., Rouholahnejad Freund, E., Gessler, A., Haeni, M., Hoch, G., Kahmen, A., Körner, C., Krejza, J., Krumm, F., Leuchner, M., Leuschner, C., Lukovic, M., Martínez-Vilalta, J., Matula, R., Meesenburg, H., Meir, P., Plichta, R., Poyatos, R., Rohner, B., Ruehr, N., Salomón, R. L., Scharnweber, T., Schaub, M., Steger, D. N., Steppe, K., Still, C., Stojanović, M., Trotsiuk, V., Vitasse, Y., Arx, G. von, Wilmking, M., Zahnd, C., and Sterck, F.: Networking the forest infrastructure towards near real-time monitoring – A white paper, Sci. Total Environ., 872, 162167, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162167, 2023.
Short summary
Long-term observation sites have been established in six Austrian locations, covering major ecosystem types such as forests, grasslands, and wetlands. The purpose of these observations is to measure baselines for assessing the impacts of extreme climate events on the carbon cycle. The collected datasets include meteorological variables, soil temperature and moisture, carbon dioxide fluxes, and tree stem growth in forests at a resolution of 15–60 min between 2019 and 2021.
Long-term observation sites have been established in six Austrian locations, covering major...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint