Articles | Volume 15, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-411-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-411-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Data description article
| 
24 Jan 2023
Data description article |
| 24 Jan 2023
| 24 Jan 2023
The AntAWS dataset: a compilation of Antarctic automatic weather station observations
College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University,
Jinan 250014, China
Xueying Zhang
College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University,
Jinan 250014, China
Wentao Ning
College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University,
Jinan 250014, China
Matthew A. Lazzara
Antarctic Meteorological Research and Data Center, Space Science and
Engineering Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
Minghu Ding
State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Chinese Academy of
Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
Carleen H. Reijmer
Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research Utrecht, Utrecht
University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
Paul C. J. P. Smeets
Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research Utrecht, Utrecht
University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
Paolo Grigioni
Laboratory for Measurements and Observations for Environment and
Climate, ENEA, 00123 Rome, Italy
Petra Heil
Australian Antarctic Division, Kingston, Tasmania 7050, Australia
Australian Antarctic Program Partnership, University of Tasmania,
Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
Elizabeth R. Thomas
British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, UK
David Mikolajczyk
Antarctic Meteorological Research and Data Center, Space Science and
Engineering Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
Lee J. Welhouse
Antarctic Meteorological Research and Data Center, Space Science and
Engineering Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
Linda M. Keller
Antarctic Meteorological Research and Data Center, Space Science and
Engineering Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
Zhaosheng Zhai
College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University,
Jinan 250014, China
Yuqi Sun
College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University,
Jinan 250014, China
School of Oceanography, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
Related authors
No articles found.
Jiayi Sun, Junmei Lv, Haoran Li, Wenqian Zhang, Biao Tian, and Minghu Ding
The Cryosphere, 20, 4049–4059, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-20-4049-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-20-4049-2026, 2026
Short summary
Short summary
This study reports two years of Micro Rain Radar observations from Great Wall Station, from March 2024 to February 2026. Near-surface precipitation and snowfall occurred during 32 % and 21 % of the time. The signal changed little with height, suggesting frequent shallow snowfall. Weak winds had little effect, while stronger winds likely affected radar observations below 0.7 km. A radar-based snowfall estimate shows that the ERA5 reanalysis product underestimates cumulative snowfall.
Xiyue Zhang, Minghu Ding, Diyi Yang, Bin Cheng, Ian Allison, Kongju Zhu, Yuande Yang, Xiangbin Cui, Petra Heil, Chuanjin Li, and Cunde Xiao
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-2150, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-2150, 2026
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for The Cryosphere (TC).
Short summary
Short summary
Stake measurements underestimate Antarctic surface mass balance (SMB) due to firn compaction. Using a firn densification model, we correct 2008-2024 stake records from Dome A. The corrected mean annual SMB is 24.14 kg m-2 yr-1, 8.8 % higher than uncorrected values, whereas RACMO2.4p1 gives 17.50 kg m-2 yr-1. The net vapor flux is equivalent to 5.7 % of the total mass input. This framework provides observational benchmarks for climate models, and supports oldest‑ice drilling at Dome A.
Emma Pearce, Oliver J. Marsh, Thomas M. Mitchell, Jukka Tuhkuri, Elizabeth R. Thomas, and Siobhan Johnson
The Cryosphere, 20, 2723–2734, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-20-2723-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-20-2723-2026, 2026
Short summary
Short summary
Ice shelves slow the flow of Antarctic glaciers into the sea and help limit their contribution to sea level rise. Their stability depends on how different types of ice respond to stress. We collected a 37 m ice core from the Brunt Ice Shelf and carried out fracture experiments to measure ice strength. We found that refrozen surface melt strengthens the ice, while salty seawater weakens it, affecting how cracks grow and how ice-shelf break-up should be modelled.
Harry J. Davis, Robert G. Bingham, Carlos Martín, Elizabeth R. Thomas, Andrew S. Hein, and Anna E. Hogg
The Cryosphere, 20, 2735–2756, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-20-2735-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-20-2735-2026, 2026
Short summary
Short summary
Ice in the southern Antarctic Peninsula is experiencing major ice changes today and predicting the rate at which this may continue is important. One way to address this knowledge gap would be to retrieve a past climate record from an ice core. We identify a suitable site using a model constrained by radar and shallow ice core data. We find a climate record spanning the Holocene can certainly be extracted here, but a potential continuous climate record here could extend back ~ 30 000 years.
Samuel M. Tax, Maurice van Tiggelen, Thirza N. Feenstra, Paul C. J. P. Smeets, Srinidhi N. Gadde, Christiaan T. van Dalum, Willem Jan van de Berg, and Michiel R. van den Broeke
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-1926, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-1926, 2026
Short summary
Short summary
Strong winds can lift snow into the air, which influences the energy exchange between the surface and the atmosphere. We studied this phenomenon over the Greenland Ice Sheet using observations and a climate model. We found that blowing snow traps heat near the surface like a blanket and reflects incoming sunlight like a mirror. Simulating these processes increases the net energy at the surface and improves model accuracy. Therefore, we recommend including these effects in climate models.
Chengyan Liu, Zhaomin Wang, Dake Chen, Xianxian Han, Hengling Leng, Xi Liang, Liangjun Yan, Xiang Li, Craig Stevens, Andrew McC. Hogg, Kazuya Kusahara, Kaihe Yamazaki, Kay I. Ohshima, Meng Zhou, Xiao Cheng, Dongxiao Wang, Changming Dong, Jiping Liu, Qinghua Yang, Xichen Li, Ruibo Lei, Minghu Ding, Zhaoru Zhang, Dujuan Kang, Di Qi, Tongya Liu, Jihai Dong, Lu An, Ru Chen, Tong Zhang, Xiaoming Hu, Bo Han, Haibo Bi, Qi Shu, Longjiang Mu, Shiming Xu, Hu Yang, Hailong Liu, Tingfeng Dou, Zhixuan Feng, Lei Zheng, Xueyuan Tang, Guitao Shi, Yongqing Cai, Bingrui Li, Yang Wu, Xia Lin, Wenjin Sun, Yu Liu, Kai Yu, Yu Zhang, Weizeng Shao, Xiaoyu Wang, Shaojun Zheng, Chengyi Yuan, Chunxia Zhou, Jian Liu, Yang Liu, Yue Xia, Xiaoyu Pan, Jiabao Zeng, Kechen Liu, Jiahao Fan, Chen Cheng, and Qi Li
Geosci. Model Dev., 19, 2985–3033, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-2985-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-2985-2026, 2026
Short summary
Short summary
We developed a high-resolution computer model to simulate how the ocean, sea ice, and ice shelves interact around Antarctica. This helps us understand their critical role in global climate and sea-level rise. Our model successfully captures essential features like major currents and seasonal ice changes. Despite some remaining biases, it provides a useful tool for predicting future changes in this vital and rapidly evolving region.
Qiuyu Li, Huanting Hu, Guitao Shi, Danhe Wang, Zhe Li, and Shugui Hou
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-5800, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-5800, 2026
Preprint archived
Short summary
Short summary
Ancient air trapped in ice bubbles is a valuable archive for studying past climates. However, trapped air can be altered by gas loss through pumping in laboratory. We quantified the characteristics of this loss for the first time based on controlled ice pumping experiments. We discovered that O2 and Ar escape simultaneously through ice microcracks. Crucially, we found that gas loss corrections considering both O2 and Ar significantly reduced data scatter, recovering clearer climate signals.
Biao Tian, Minghu Ding, Kongju Zhu, Xu Yao, Yixi Zhao, Wenqian Zhang, Diyi Yang, Weijun Sun, Yining Yu, Shoudong Zhao, Yige Cui, Chuanjin Li, Jie Tang, Cunde Xiao, Tong Zhu, and Renhe Zhang
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-1227, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-1227, 2026
Short summary
Short summary
The Antarctic inland is key for climate monitoring, but extreme conditions left gaps in greenhouse gas and ozone data. We developed CRUX-1.0, a low-power automatic system, deployed at Taishan Station in 2024. It ran stably for a month, with accurate data matching South Pole Station’s, cutting costs by over 90 % and filling the unattended monitoring gap to support climate research.
Dorothea Elisabeth Moser, Andrea Spolaor, Federico Scoto, and Elizabeth R. Thomas
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-399, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-399, 2026
Short summary
Short summary
The Arctic is warming rapidly, and winter rain-on-snow events are becoming more common. These events can alter snow layers and disturb climate information stored in glaciers. We studied how small rain-on-snow events affect snow structure and water isotopes near Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard. Field experiments show that meltwater flow creates complex features, but isotope changes remain confined to them, meaning seasonal climate signals can still be preserved where enough snow accumulates.
Chunlei An, Su Jiang, Guitao Shi, Hongmei Ma, Chuanjin Li, Zhe Li, Xiaolong Li, Ye Hu, Yan Liu, Xiao Yan, Ningning Sun, Bo Zhang, Shugui Hou, and Yuansheng Li
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-769, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-769, 2026
Short summary
Short summary
Volcanic eruptions can significantly affect the Earth's climate. Reconstructing past volcanic history can provide valuable information for climate modeling. Our study provides a new volcanic record from Dome A, the highest ice dome in Antarctica. Using this record and three other volcanic records from Antarctica, the prominent volcanic events, the change in volcanic frequency and flux, and the variation of snow accumulation rates at Dome A over the past 4000 years are investigated.
Xinlong Liu, Stuart Paul Corney, Rachel Louise Tilling, and Petra Heil
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-662, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-662, 2026
Short summary
Short summary
Antarctic sea-ice thickness from satellites depends on how snow is treated. We compared four widely used CryoSat-2 radar products for winters 2013–2018 on the same map grid. All show similar large-scale patterns, but each gives systematically higher or lower values, with the biggest differences in the snowier western Weddell Sea. Year-to-year changes are similar across products, yet these offsets can shift thickness estimates, so users should account for product choice and snow assumptions.
Yishen Wang, Yanqing An, Yulong Tan, Kemei Li, Jianzhong Xu, and Shugui Hou
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 26, 1163–1178, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-1163-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-1163-2026, 2026
Short summary
Short summary
We studied air pollution transported from South Asia to the Himalayas during the pre-monsoon season. Using real-time instruments, we measured airborne particles and trace gases on the northern slope of the mountains. We found that burning biomass was a major source of these particles, which changed chemically as they travelled long distances. These changes were affected by photochemical and cloud processes, with important consequences for the regional climate and melting of glaciers.
Marta Stentella, Ghislain Picard, Petra Heil, Jacqueline Boutin, Emmanuel Dinnat, and Stuart Corney
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-6437, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-6437, 2026
Short summary
Short summary
Passive microwave radiometers are the primary tool for monitoring Antarctic sea ice, but their reliability decreases in the marginal ice zone between the pack ice and the open ocean. We simulate satellite observations to assess the impact of varying physical parameters on sea ice concentration retrievals. The largest errors are due to wet snow, roughened ocean surfaces, and thin ice. These findings can improve how we interpret satellite observations and forecast sea ice changes.
Diana Francis, Ricardo Fonseca, Narendra Nelli, Petra Heil, Jonathan D. Wille, Irina V. Gorodetskaya, and Robert A. Massom
The Cryosphere, 20, 1–28, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-20-1-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-20-1-2026, 2026
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates the role of atmospheric dynamics in sea-ice thickness and snow depth at a coastal site in East Antarctica using in situ measurements and numerical modeling. The snow thickness variability is impacted by atmospheric forcing, with significant contributions from precipitation, Foehn effects, blowing snow, and episodic warm and moist air intrusions, which led to changes of up to 0.08 m within a day for a field that is in the range of 0.02–0.18 m during July–November 2022.
Jean Rabault, Joey Voermans, Takehiko Nose, Graig Sutherland, Alexander Babanin, Takuji Waseda, Tsubasa Kodaira, Atle Jensen, Lars Willas Dreyer, Øyvind Breivik, Gaute Hope, Malte Müller, Zhaohui Cheng, Lichuan Wu, Aleksey Marchenko, Brian Ward, Kai H. Christensen, Petra Heil, and Karsten Trulsen
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2507.19034, https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2507.19034, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We observe harmonics of the main incoming wave peak in sea ice motion data. These harmonics match non-linear 3-wave interactions predicted from the dispersion relation. This may indicate that wave in ice triads are empirically observed, which suggests that non-linear energy transfers play a role in wave in ice propagation.
Ruiqi Nan, Biao Tian, Xinfeng Ling, Weijun Sun, Yixi Zhao, Dongqi Zhang, Chuanjin Li, Xin Wang, Jie Tang, Bo Yao, and Minghu Ding
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 17, 6097–6111, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-6097-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-6097-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study presents the first dataset of 11 fluorinated greenhouse gases observed in 2021 at Zhongshan Station, Antarctica. The concentrations of most gases increased and were higher than at two other Antarctic stations. Their sources were linked to industrial activities such as refrigeration and electronics. Although limited to one year, the data provide important background information for detecting future changes in the Antarctic atmosphere.
Xueying Zhang, Enhui Liao, Wenfang Lu, Zelun Wu, Guansuo Wang, Xueming Zhu, and Shiyu Liang
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 17, 6071–6095, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-6071-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-6071-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We created a new global dataset that reveals how ocean surface carbon dioxide has changed each month over the past four decades. By applying a deep learning model trained on both observational data and model simulations, we improved the representation of interannual variability and more accurately captured ocean responses to climate events like El Niño. This work supports global efforts to understand the ocean’s role in the carbon cycle and its response to climate change.
Shuyu Zhao, Tian Feng, Xuexi Tie, Biao Tian, Xiao Hu, Bo Hu, Dong Yang, Sinan Gu, and Minghu Ding
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 12483–12496, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-12483-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-12483-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigated how cloud–radiation interactions influence ozone formation in a warming climate. Using measurements, reanalysis data, and models, we found that cloud–radiation interactions can worsen O3 pollution, and climate warming will amplify the influence. We highlight that climate change will pose greater challenges for China's O3 pollution prevention and control, and actions such as reducing O3 precursors emissions and mitigating climate change are urgently needed.
Maurice van Tiggelen, Paul C. J. P. Smeets, Carleen H. Reijmer, Peter Kuipers Munneke, and Michiel R. van den Broeke
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 17, 4933–4955, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-4933-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-4933-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This paper describes the measurements from the 19 IMAU (Institute for Marine and Atmospheric research Utrecht) automatic weather stations that operated on the Antarctic ice sheet from 1995 through 2022. These stations also measured the net surface radiation and surface height change, allowing for the quantification of the surface energy and mass balance at hourly resolution. These data are invaluable for the evaluation of atmospheric models and for the detection of climatological changes.
Yueli Chen, Yun Xie, Xingwu Duan, and Minghu Ding
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 17, 1265–1274, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-1265-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-1265-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Rainfall erosivity maps are crucial for identifying key areas of water erosion. Due to the limited historical precipitation data, there are certain biases in rainfall erosivity estimates in China. This study develops a new rainfall erosivity map for mainland China using 1 min precipitation data from 60 129 weather stations, revealing that areas exceeding 4000 MJ mm ha−1 h−1yr−1 of annual rainfall erosivity are mainly concentrated in southern China and on the southern Tibetan Plateau.
Mukund Gupta, Heather Regan, Younghyun Koo, Sean Minhui Tashi Chua, Xueke Li, and Petra Heil
The Cryosphere, 19, 1241–1257, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-1241-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-1241-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The sea ice cover is composed of floes, whose shapes set the material properties of the pack. Here, we use a satellite product (ICESat-2) to investigate these floe shapes within the Weddell Sea in Antarctica. We find that floes tend to become smaller during the melt season, while their thickness distribution exhibits different behavior between the western and southern regions of the pack. These metrics will help calibrate models and improve our understanding of sea ice physics across scales.
Lijing Chen, Lei Zhang, Yong She, Zhaoliang Zeng, Yu Zheng, Biao Tian, Wenqian Zhang, Zhaohui Liu, Huizheng Che, and Minghu Ding
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 727–739, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-727-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-727-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Aerosol optical depth (AOD) at Zhongshan Station varies seasonally, with lower values in summer and higher values in winter. Winter and spring AOD increases due to reduced fine-mode particles, while summer and autumn increases are linked to particle growth. Diurnal AOD variation correlates positively with temperature but negatively with wind speed and humidity. Backward trajectories show that aerosols on high-AOD (low-AOD) days primarily originate from the ocean (interior Antarctica).
Elizabeth R. Thomas, Dieter Tetzner, Bradley Markle, Joel Pedro, Guisella Gacitúa, Dorothea Elisabeth Moser, and Sarah Jackson
Clim. Past, 20, 2525–2538, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-2525-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-2525-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The chemical records contained in a 12 m firn (ice) core from Peter I Island, a remote sub-Antarctic island situated in the Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean (the Bellingshausen Sea), capture changes in snowfall and temperature (2002–2017 CE). This data-sparse region has experienced dramatic climate change in recent decades, including sea ice decline and ice loss from adjacent West Antarctic glaciers.
Tianming Ma, Zhuang Jiang, Minghu Ding, Pengzhen He, Yuansheng Li, Wenqian Zhang, and Lei Geng
The Cryosphere, 18, 4547–4565, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-4547-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-4547-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We constructed a box model to evaluate the isotope effects of atmosphere–snow water vapor exchange at Dome A, Antarctica. The results show clear and invisible diurnal changes in surface snow isotopes under summer and winter conditions, respectively. The model also predicts that the annual net effects of atmosphere–snow water vapor exchange would be overall enrichments in snow isotopes since the effects in summer appear to be greater than those in winter at the study site.
Philippe Ricaud, Pierre Durand, Paolo Grigioni, Massimo Del Guasta, Giuseppe Camporeale, Axel Roy, Jean-Luc Attié, and John Bognar
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 5071–5089, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-5071-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-5071-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Clouds in Antarctica are key elements affecting climate evolution. Some clouds are composed of supercooled liquid water (SLW; water held in liquid form below 0 °C) and are difficult to forecast by models. We performed in situ observations of SLW clouds at Concordia Station using SLW sondes attached to meteorological balloons in summer 2021–2022. The SLW clouds were observed in a saturated layer at the top of the planetary boundary layer in agreement with ground-based lidar observations.
Zehua Chang, Hongkai Gao, Leilei Yong, Kang Wang, Rensheng Chen, Chuntan Han, Otgonbayar Demberel, Batsuren Dorjsuren, Shugui Hou, and Zheng Duan
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 3897–3917, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-3897-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-3897-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
An integrated cryospheric–hydrologic model, FLEX-Cryo, was developed that considers glaciers, snow cover, and frozen soil and their dynamic impacts on hydrology. We utilized it to simulate future changes in cryosphere and hydrology in the Hulu catchment. Our projections showed the two glaciers will melt completely around 2050, snow cover will reduce, and permafrost will degrade. For hydrology, runoff will decrease after the glacier has melted, and permafrost degradation will increase baseflow.
Nicolaj Hansen, Andrew Orr, Xun Zou, Fredrik Boberg, Thomas J. Bracegirdle, Ella Gilbert, Peter L. Langen, Matthew A. Lazzara, Ruth Mottram, Tony Phillips, Ruth Price, Sebastian B. Simonsen, and Stuart Webster
The Cryosphere, 18, 2897–2916, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-2897-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-2897-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated a melt event over the Ross Ice Shelf. We use regional climate models and a firn model to simulate the melt and compare the results with satellite data. We find that the firn model aligned well with observed melt days in certain parts of the ice shelf. The firn model had challenges accurately simulating the melt extent in the western sector. We identified potential reasons for these discrepancies, pointing to limitations in the models related to representing the cloud properties.
Dorothea Elisabeth Moser, Elizabeth R. Thomas, Christoph Nehrbass-Ahles, Anja Eichler, and Eric Wolff
The Cryosphere, 18, 2691–2718, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-2691-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-2691-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Increasing temperatures worldwide lead to more melting of glaciers and ice caps, even in the polar regions. This is why ice-core scientists need to prepare to analyse records affected by melting and refreezing. In this paper, we present a summary of how near-surface melt forms, what structural imprints it leaves in snow, how various signatures used for ice-core climate reconstruction are altered, and how we can still extract valuable insights from melt-affected ice cores.
Baptiste Vandecrux, Robert S. Fausto, Jason E. Box, Federico Covi, Regine Hock, Åsa K. Rennermalm, Achim Heilig, Jakob Abermann, Dirk van As, Elisa Bjerre, Xavier Fettweis, Paul C. J. P. Smeets, Peter Kuipers Munneke, Michiel R. van den Broeke, Max Brils, Peter L. Langen, Ruth Mottram, and Andreas P. Ahlstrøm
The Cryosphere, 18, 609–631, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-609-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-609-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
How fast is the Greenland ice sheet warming? In this study, we compiled 4500+ temperature measurements at 10 m below the ice sheet surface (T10m) from 1912 to 2022. We trained a machine learning model on these data and reconstructed T10m for the ice sheet during 1950–2022. After a slight cooling during 1950–1985, the ice sheet warmed at a rate of 0.7 °C per decade until 2022. Climate models showed mixed results compared to our observations and underestimated the warming in key regions.
Philippe Ricaud, Massimo Del Guasta, Angelo Lupi, Romain Roehrig, Eric Bazile, Pierre Durand, Jean-Luc Attié, Alessia Nicosia, and Paolo Grigioni
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 613–630, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-613-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-613-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Clouds affect the Earth's climate in ways that depend on the type of cloud (solid/liquid water). From observations at Concordia (Antarctica), we show that in supercooled liquid water (liquid water for temperatures below 0°C) clouds (SLWCs), temperature and SLWC radiative forcing increase with liquid water (up to 70 W m−2). We extrapolated that the maximum SLWC radiative forcing can reach 40 W m−2 over the Antarctic Peninsula, highlighting the importance of SLWCs for global climate prediction.
Elizabeth R. Thomas, Diana O. Vladimirova, Dieter R. Tetzner, B. Daniel Emanuelsson, Nathan Chellman, Daniel A. Dixon, Hugues Goosse, Mackenzie M. Grieman, Amy C. F. King, Michael Sigl, Danielle G. Udy, Tessa R. Vance, Dominic A. Winski, V. Holly L. Winton, Nancy A. N. Bertler, Akira Hori, Chavarukonam M. Laluraj, Joseph R. McConnell, Yuko Motizuki, Kazuya Takahashi, Hideaki Motoyama, Yoichi Nakai, Franciéle Schwanck, Jefferson Cardia Simões, Filipe Gaudie Ley Lindau, Mirko Severi, Rita Traversi, Sarah Wauthy, Cunde Xiao, Jiao Yang, Ellen Mosely-Thompson, Tamara V. Khodzher, Ludmila P. Golobokova, and Alexey A. Ekaykin
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 2517–2532, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2517-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2517-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The concentration of sodium and sulfate measured in Antarctic ice cores is related to changes in both sea ice and winds. Here we have compiled a database of sodium and sulfate records from 105 ice core sites in Antarctica. The records span all, or part, of the past 2000 years. The records will improve our understanding of how winds and sea ice have changed in the past and how they have influenced the climate of Antarctica over the past 2000 years.
Haihan Hu, Jiechen Zhao, Petra Heil, Zhiliang Qin, Jingkai Ma, Fengming Hui, and Xiao Cheng
The Cryosphere, 17, 2231–2244, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-2231-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-2231-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The oceanic characteristics beneath sea ice significantly affect ice growth and melting. The high-frequency and long-term observations of oceanic variables allow us to deeply investigate their diurnal and seasonal variation and evaluate their influences on sea ice evolution. The large-scale sea ice distribution and ocean circulation contributed to the seasonal variation of ocean variables, revealing the important relationship between large-scale and local phenomena.
Na Li, Ruibo Lei, Petra Heil, Bin Cheng, Minghu Ding, Zhongxiang Tian, and Bingrui Li
The Cryosphere, 17, 917–937, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-917-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-917-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The observed annual maximum landfast ice (LFI) thickness off Zhongshan (Davis) was 1.59±0.17 m (1.64±0.08 m). Larger interannual and local spatial variabilities for the seasonality of LFI were identified at Zhongshan, with the dominant influencing factors of air temperature anomaly, snow atop, local topography and wind regime, and oceanic heat flux. The variability of LFI properties across the study domain prevailed at interannual timescales, over any trend during the recent decades.
Marte G. Hofsteenge, Nicolas J. Cullen, Carleen H. Reijmer, Michiel van den Broeke, Marwan Katurji, and John F. Orwin
The Cryosphere, 16, 5041–5059, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-5041-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-5041-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
In the McMurdo Dry Valleys (MDV), foehn winds can impact glacial meltwater production and the fragile ecosystem that depends on it. We study these dry and warm winds at Joyce Glacier and show they are caused by a different mechanism than that found for nearby valleys, demonstrating the complex interaction of large-scale winds with the mountains in the MDV. We find that foehn winds increase sublimation of ice, increase heating from the atmosphere, and increase the occurrence and rates of melt.
Jiajia Wang, Hongxi Pang, Shuangye Wu, Spruce W. Schoenemann, Ryu Uemura, Alexey Ekaykin, Martin Werner, Alexandre Cauquoin, Sentia Goursaud Oger, Summer Rupper, and Shugui Hou
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2022-384, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2022-384, 2022
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
Stable water isotopic observations in surface snow over Antarctica provide a basis for validating isotopic models and interpreting Antarctic ice core records. This study presents a new compilation of Antarctic surface snow isotopic dataset based on published and unpublished sources. The database has a wide range of potential applications in studying spatial distribution of water isotopes, model validation, and reconstruction and interpretation of Antarctic ice core records.
Minghu Ding, Xiaowei Zou, Qizhen Sun, Diyi Yang, Wenqian Zhang, Lingen Bian, Changgui Lu, Ian Allison, Petra Heil, and Cunde Xiao
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 5019–5035, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-5019-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-5019-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The PANDA automatic weather station (AWS) network consists of 11 stations deployed along a transect from the coast (Zhongshan Station) to the summit of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet (Dome A). It covers the different climatic and topographic units of East Antarctica. All stations record hourly air temperature, relative humidity, air pressure, wind speed and direction at two or three heights. The PANDA AWS dataset commences from 1989 and is planned to be publicly available into the future.
Jonathan P. Conway, Jakob Abermann, Liss M. Andreassen, Mohd Farooq Azam, Nicolas J. Cullen, Noel Fitzpatrick, Rianne H. Giesen, Kirsty Langley, Shelley MacDonell, Thomas Mölg, Valentina Radić, Carleen H. Reijmer, and Jean-Emmanuel Sicart
The Cryosphere, 16, 3331–3356, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-3331-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-3331-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We used data from automatic weather stations on 16 glaciers to show how clouds influence glacier melt in different climates around the world. We found surface melt was always more frequent when it was cloudy but was not universally faster or slower than under clear-sky conditions. Also, air temperature was related to clouds in opposite ways in different climates – warmer with clouds in cold climates and vice versa. These results will help us improve how we model past and future glacier melt.
Helene M. Hoffmann, Mackenzie M. Grieman, Amy C. F. King, Jenna A. Epifanio, Kaden Martin, Diana Vladimirova, Helena V. Pryer, Emily Doyle, Axel Schmidt, Jack D. Humby, Isobel F. Rowell, Christoph Nehrbass-Ahles, Elizabeth R. Thomas, Robert Mulvaney, and Eric W. Wolff
Clim. Past, 18, 1831–1847, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-1831-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-1831-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The WACSWAIN project (WArm Climate Stability of the West Antarctic ice sheet in the last INterglacial) investigates the fate of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet during the last warm period on Earth (115 000–130 000 years before present). Within this framework an ice core was recently drilled at Skytrain Ice Rise. In this study we present a stratigraphic chronology of that ice core based on absolute age markers and annual layer counting for the last 2000 years.
Dieter R. Tetzner, Elizabeth R. Thomas, Claire S. Allen, and Mackenzie M. Grieman
Clim. Past, 18, 1709–1727, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-1709-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-1709-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Changes in the Southern Hemisphere westerly winds are drivers of recent environmental changes in West Antarctica. However, our understanding of this relationship is limited by short and sparse observational records. Here we present the first regional wind study based on the novel use of diatoms preserved in Antarctic ice cores. Our results demonstrate that diatom abundance is the optimal record for reconstructing wind strength variability over the Southern Hemisphere westerly wind belt.
Silvia Becagli, Elena Barbaro, Simone Bonamano, Laura Caiazzo, Alcide di Sarra, Matteo Feltracco, Paolo Grigioni, Jost Heintzenberg, Luigi Lazzara, Michel Legrand, Alice Madonia, Marco Marcelli, Chiara Melillo, Daniela Meloni, Caterina Nuccio, Giandomenico Pace, Ki-Tae Park, Suzanne Preunkert, Mirko Severi, Marco Vecchiato, Roberta Zangrando, and Rita Traversi
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 9245–9263, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9245-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9245-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Measurements of phytoplanktonic dimethylsulfide and its oxidation products in the Antarctic atmosphere allow us to understand the role of the oceanic (sea ice melting, Chl α and dimethylsulfoniopropionate) and atmospheric (wind direction and speed, humidity, solar radiation and transport processes) factors in the biogenic aerosol formation, concentration and characteristic ratio between components in an Antarctic coastal site facing the polynya of the Ross Sea.
Yueli Chen, Xingwu Duan, Minghu Ding, Wei Qi, Ting Wei, Jianduo Li, and Yun Xie
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 2681–2695, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-2681-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-2681-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We reconstructed the first annual rainfall erosivity dataset for the Tibetan Plateau in China. The dataset covers 71 years in a 0.25° grid. The reanalysis precipitation data are employed in combination with the densely spaced in situ precipitation observations to generate the dataset. The dataset can supply fundamental data for quantifying the water erosion, and extend our knowledge of the rainfall-related hazard prediction on the Tibetan Plateau.
Wangbin Zhang, Shugui Hou, Shuang-Ye Wu, Hongxi Pang, Sharon B. Sneed, Elena V. Korotkikh, Paul A. Mayewski, Theo M. Jenk, and Margit Schwikowski
The Cryosphere, 16, 1997–2008, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-1997-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-1997-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study proposes a quantitative method to reconstruct annual precipitation records at the millennial timescale from the Tibetan ice cores through combining annual layer identification based on LA-ICP-MS measurement with an ice flow model. The reliability of this method is assessed by comparing our results with other reconstructed and modeled precipitation series for the Tibetan Plateau. The assessment shows that the method has a promising performance.
Fengguan Gu, Qinghua Yang, Frank Kauker, Changwei Liu, Guanghua Hao, Chao-Yuan Yang, Jiping Liu, Petra Heil, Xuewei Li, and Bo Han
The Cryosphere, 16, 1873–1887, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-1873-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-1873-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The sea ice thickness was simulated by a single-column model and compared with in situ observations obtained off Zhongshan Station in the Antarctic. It is shown that the unrealistic precipitation in the atmospheric forcing data leads to the largest bias in sea ice thickness and snow depth modeling. In addition, the increasing snow depth gradually inhibits the growth of sea ice associated with thermal blanketing by the snow.
Joanne S. Johnson, Ryan A. Venturelli, Greg Balco, Claire S. Allen, Scott Braddock, Seth Campbell, Brent M. Goehring, Brenda L. Hall, Peter D. Neff, Keir A. Nichols, Dylan H. Rood, Elizabeth R. Thomas, and John Woodward
The Cryosphere, 16, 1543–1562, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-1543-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-1543-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Recent studies have suggested that some portions of the Antarctic Ice Sheet were less extensive than present in the last few thousand years. We discuss how past ice loss and regrowth during this time would leave its mark on geological and glaciological records and suggest ways in which future studies could detect such changes. Determining timing of ice loss and gain around Antarctica and conditions under which they occurred is critical for preparing for future climate-warming-induced changes.
Tian R. Tian, Alexander D. Fraser, Noriaki Kimura, Chen Zhao, and Petra Heil
The Cryosphere, 16, 1299–1314, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-1299-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-1299-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study presents a comprehensive validation of a satellite observational sea ice motion product in Antarctica by using drifting buoys. Two problems existing in this sea ice motion product have been noticed. After rectifying problems, we use it to investigate the impacts of satellite observational configuration and timescale on Antarctic sea ice kinematics and suggest the future improvement of satellite missions specifically designed for retrieval of sea ice motion.
Tobias Erhardt, Matthias Bigler, Urs Federer, Gideon Gfeller, Daiana Leuenberger, Olivia Stowasser, Regine Röthlisberger, Simon Schüpbach, Urs Ruth, Birthe Twarloh, Anna Wegner, Kumiko Goto-Azuma, Takayuki Kuramoto, Helle A. Kjær, Paul T. Vallelonga, Marie-Louise Siggaard-Andersen, Margareta E. Hansson, Ailsa K. Benton, Louise G. Fleet, Rob Mulvaney, Elizabeth R. Thomas, Nerilie Abram, Thomas F. Stocker, and Hubertus Fischer
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 1215–1231, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-1215-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-1215-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The datasets presented alongside this manuscript contain high-resolution concentration measurements of chemical impurities in deep ice cores, NGRIP and NEEM, from the Greenland ice sheet. The impurities originate from the deposition of aerosols to the surface of the ice sheet and are influenced by source, transport and deposition processes. Together, these records contain detailed, multi-parameter records of past climate variability over the last glacial period.
Dieter R. Tetzner, Claire S. Allen, and Elizabeth R. Thomas
The Cryosphere, 16, 779–798, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-779-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-779-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The presence of diatoms in Antarctic ice cores has been scarcely documented and poorly understood. Here we present a detailed analysis of the spatial and temporal distribution of the diatom record preserved in a set of Antarctic ice cores. Our results reveal that the timing and amount of diatoms deposited present a strong geographical division. This study highlights the potential of the diatom record preserved in Antarctic ice cores to provide useful information about past environmental changes.
Tao Xu, Hongxi Pang, Zhaojun Zhan, Wangbin Zhang, Huiwen Guo, Shuangye Wu, and Shugui Hou
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 117–127, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-117-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-117-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we presented stable isotopes in atmospheric water vapor and precipitation for five extreme winter precipitation events in Nanjing, southeastern China, from December 2018 to February 2019. Our results imply that multiple moisture sources and the rapid shift among them are important conditions for sustaining extreme precipitation events, especially in the relatively cold and dry winter.
Joey J. Voermans, Qingxiang Liu, Aleksey Marchenko, Jean Rabault, Kirill Filchuk, Ivan Ryzhov, Petra Heil, Takuji Waseda, Takehiko Nose, Tsubasa Kodaira, Jingkai Li, and Alexander V. Babanin
The Cryosphere, 15, 5557–5575, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-5557-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-5557-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We have shown through field experiments that the amount of wave energy dissipated in landfast ice, sea ice attached to land, is much larger than in broken ice. By comparing our measurements against predictions of contemporary wave–ice interaction models, we determined which models can explain our observations and which cannot. Our results will improve our understanding of how waves and ice interact and how we can model such interactions to better forecast waves and ice in the polar regions.
Minghu Ding, Tong Zhang, Diyi Yang, Ian Allison, Tingfeng Dou, and Cunde Xiao
The Cryosphere, 15, 4201–4206, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-4201-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-4201-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Measurement of snow heat conductivity is essential to establish the energy balance between the atmosphere and firn, but it is still not clear in Antarctica. Here, we used data from three automatic weather stations located in different types of climate and evaluated nine schemes that were used to calculate the effective heat diffusivity of snow. The best solution was proposed. However, no conductivity–density relationship was optimal at all sites, and the performance of each varied with depth.
Cited articles
Allison, I.: The surface climate of the interior of the Lambert Glacier
basin: 5 years of automatic weather station data, Ann. Glaciol., 27,
515–520, https://https://doi.org/10.3189/1998AoG27-1-515-520, 1998.
Allison, I. and Morrissy, J. V.: Automatic weather stations in Antarctica,
Aust. Meteorol. Mag., 31, 71–76, 1983.
Allison, I., Wendler, G., and Radok, U.: Climatology of the East Antarctic
ice sheet (100∘ E to 140∘ E) derived from automatic
weather stations, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 98,
8815–8823, https://doi.org/10.1029/93JD00104, 1993.
Amory, C.: Drifting-snow statistics from multiple-year autonomous measurements in Adélie Land, East Antarctica, The Cryosphere, 14, 1713–1725, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-1713-2020, 2020.
Aristidi, E., Agabi, K., Azouit, M., Azouit, M., Fossat, E., Vernin, J.,
Travouillon, T., Lawrence, J. S., Meyer, C., Storey, J. W. V., Halter, B.,
Roth W. L., and Walden, V.: An analysis of temperatures and wind speeds above
Dome C, Antarctica, Astron. Astrophys., 430, 739–746,
https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361:20041876, 2005.
Bromwich, D. H., Nicolas, J. P., Monaghan, A. J., Lazzara, M. A., Keller, L.
M., Weidner, G. A., and Wilson, A. B.: Central West Antarctica among the
most rapidly warming regions on Earth, Nat. Geosci., 6, 139–145,
https://doi.org/10.1038/NGEO1671, 2013.
Bromwich, D. H., Nicolas, J. P., Monaghan, A. J., Lazzara, M. A., Keller, L.
M., Weidner, G. A., and Wilson, A. B.: Correction: Corrigendum: Central West
Antarctica among the most rapidly warming regions on Earth, Nat. Geosci., 7, 76–76, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2016, 2014.
Convey, P., Coulson, S. J., Worland, M. R., and Sjöblom, A.: The
importance of understanding annual and shorter-term temperature patterns and
variation in the surface levels of polar soils for terrestrial biota,
Polar Biol., 41, 1587–1605, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-018-2299-0, 2018.
Ding, M., Zou, X., Sun, Q., Yang, D., Zhang, W., Bian, L., Lu, C., Allison, I., Heil, P., and Xiao, C.: The PANDA automatic weather station network between the coast and Dome A, East Antarctica, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 5019–5035, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-5019-2022, 2022.
Donat-Magnin, M., Jourdain, N. C., Gallée, H., Amory, C., Kittel, C., Fettweis, X., Wille, J. D., Favier, V., Drira, A., and Agosta, C.: Interannual variability of summer surface mass balance and surface melting in the Amundsen sector, West Antarctica, The Cryosphere, 14, 229–249, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-229-2020, 2020.
Dong, X., Wang, Y., Hou, S., Ding, M., Yin, B., and Zhang, Y.: Robustness of the recent global atmospheric reanalyses for Antarctic near-surface wind speed climatology, J. Climate, 33, 4027–4043, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0648.1, 2020.
Gallée, H. and Gorodetskaya, I. V.: Validation of a limited area model
over Dome C, Antarctic Plateau, during winter, Clim. Dynam., 34, 61–72,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-008-0499-y, 2010.
Genthon, C., Six, D., Favier, V., Lazzara, M., and Keller, L.: Atmospheric
temperature measurement biases on the Antarctic plateau,
J. Atmos. Ocean. Tech., 28, 1598–1605,
https://doi.org/10.1175/JTECH-D-11-00095.1, 2011.
Genthon, C., Six, D., Gallée, H., Grigioni, P., and Pellegrini, A.: Two
years of atmospheric boundary layer observations on a 45-m tower at Dome C
on the Antarctic plateau, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 118,
3218–3232, https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrd.50128, 2013.
Genthon, C., Piard, L., Vignon, E., Madeleine, J.-B., Casado, M., and Gallée, H.: Atmospheric moisture supersaturation in the near-surface atmosphere at Dome C, Antarctic Plateau, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 691–704, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-691-2017, 2017.
Genthon, C., Veron, D., Vignon, E., Six, D., Dufresne, J.-L., Madeleine, J.-B., Sultan, E., and Forget, F.: 10 years of temperature and wind observation on a 45 m tower at Dome C, East Antarctic plateau, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 5731–5746, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-5731-2021, 2021.
Genthon, C., Veron, D. E., Vignon, E., Madeleine, J.-B., and Piard, L.: Water vapor in cold and clean atmosphere: a 3-year data set in the boundary layer of Dome C, East Antarctic Plateau, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 1571–1580, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-1571-2022, 2022.
Goff, J. A. and Gratch, S.: Thermodynamic properties of moist air,
Trans. ASHVE, 51, 179–199, 1945.
Gregory, J. M. and Huybrechts, P.: Ice-sheet contributions to future
sea-level change, Philos. T. Roy. Soc. A, 364, 1709–1732,
https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2006.1796, 2006.
Giovinetto, M. B., Waters, N. M., and Bentley, C. R.: Dependence of
Antarctic surface mass balance on temperature, elevation, and distance to
open ocean, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 95, 3517–3531,
https://doi.org/10.1029/JD095iD04p03517, 1990.
Hersbach, H., Bell, B., Berrisford, P., Hirahara, S., Horányi, A., Muñoz-Sabater, J., Nicolas, J., Peubey, C., Radu, R., Schepers, D., Simmons, A., Soci, C., Abdalla, S., Abellan, X., Balsamo, G., Bechtold, P., Biavati, G., Bidlot, J., Bonavita, M., Chiara, G. D., Dahlgren, P., Dee, D., Diamantakis, M., Dragani, R., Flemming, J., Forbes, R., Fuentes, M., Geer, A., Haimberger, L., Healy, S., Hogan, R. J., Hólm, E., Janisková, M., Keeley, S., Laloyaux, P., Lopez, P., Lupu, C., Radnoti, G., Rosnay, P. d., Rozum, I., Vamborg, F., Villaume, S., and Thépaut, J-N.: The ERA5 global reanalysis, Q. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 146, 1999–2049, https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.38, 2020.
Herbei, R., Rytel, A. L., Lyons, W. B., McKnight, D. M., Jaros, C., Gooseff,
M. N., and Priscu, J. C.: Hydrological Controls on Ecosystem Dynamics in
Lake Fryxell, Antarctica, PloS one, 11, e01590382016,
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0159038, 2016.
Huai, B., Wang, Y., Ding, M., Zhang, J., and Dong, X.: An assessment of
recent global atmospheric reanalyses for Antarctic near surface air
temperature, Atmos. Res., 226, 181–191,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2019.04.029, 2019.
IPCC: IPCC Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate, edited by: Pörtner, H.-O., Roberts, D. C., Masson-Delmotte, V., Zhai, P., Tignor, M., Poloczanska, E., Mintenbeck, K., Alegría, A.,, Nicolai, Okem, A., Petzold, J., Rama, B., Weyer, N. M., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK and New York, NY, USA, 755 pp., https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009157964, 2019.
IPCC: Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, edited by: Masson-Delmotte, V., Zhai, P., Pirani, A., Connors, S. L., Péan, C., Berger, S., Caud, N., Chen, Y., Goldfarb, L., Gomis, M. I., Huang, M., Leitzell, K., Lonnoy, E., Matthews, J. B. R., Maycock, T. K., Waterfield, T., Yelekçi, O., Yu, R., and Zhou, B., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, in press, https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009157896, 2021.
Jacka, T. H., Christou, L., and Cook, B. J.: A data bank of mean monthly and annual surface temperatures for Antarctica, the Southern Ocean and South Pacific Ocean. Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions Research, 22, 98 pp., ISSN 0729-6533, 1984.
Jakobs, C. L., Reijmer, C. H., Smeets, P. C. J. P., Trusel, L. D., van de Berg, W. J., van den Broeke, M. R., and van Wessem, J. M.: A benchmark dataset of in situ Antarctic surface melt rates and energy balance, J. Glaciol., 66, 291–302, https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2020.6, 2020.
Jones, P. D., and Limbert, D W. S.: A data bank of Antarctic surface
temperature and pressure data, East Anglia Univ. (UK), Climatic Research
Unit; British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, DOE/ER/60397-H2, 52 pp., 6413951, 1987.
Jones, R., Renfrew, I., Orr, A., Webber, B., Holland, D., and Lazzara, M.:
Evaluation of four global reanalysis products using in situ observations in
the Amundsen Sea Embayment, Antarctica, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 121,
6240–6257, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JD024680, 2016.
Kennicutt II, M. C., Bromwich, D., Liggett, D., Njåstad, B., Peck, L.,
Rintoul, S. R., Ritz, C., Siegert, M. J., Aitken, A., Brooks, C. M.,
Cassano, J., Chaturvedi, S., Chen, D., Dodds, K., Golledge, N. R., Bohec, C.
L., Leppe, M., Murray, A., Nath, P. C., Raphael, M. N., Rogan-Finnemore, M.,
Schroeder, D. M., Talley, L., Travouillon, T., Vaughan, D. G., Wang, L.,
Weatherwax, A. T., Yang, H., and Chown, S. L.: Sustained Antarctic research: a
21st century imperative, One Earth, 1, 95–113,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oneear.2019.08.014, 2019.
Kittel, C.: Present and future sensitivity of the Antarctic surface mass
balance to oceanic and atmospheric forcings: insights with the regional
climate model MAR, PhD thesis, University of Liège, Liège,
http://hdl.handle.net/2268/258491 (last access: 28 May 2022), 2021.
Kittel, C., Amory, C., Agosta, C., Jourdain, N. C., Hofer, S., Delhasse, A., Doutreloup, S., Huot, P.-V., Lang, C., Fichefet, T., and Fettweis, X.: Diverging future surface mass balance between the Antarctic ice shelves and grounded ice sheet, The Cryosphere, 15, 1215–1236, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-1215-2021, 2021.
Lazzara, M. A., Weidner, G. A., Keller, L. M., Thom, J. E., and Cassano, J.
J.: Antarctic automatic weather station program: 30 years of polar
observation, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 93, 1519–1537,
https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00015.1, 2012.
Lazzara, M. A., Welhouse, L. J., Thom, J. E., Cassano, J. J., DuVivier, A.
K., Weidner, G. A., Keller, L. M., and Kalnajs, L.: Automatic Weather
Station (AWS) Program operated by the University of Wisconsin-Madison during
the 2011–2012 field season, Antarctic Record, 57, 125–135,
https://doi.org/10.15094/00009683, 2013.
Ma, Y. and Bian, L.: A Surface Climatological Validation of ERA-interim
Reanalysis and NCEP FNL Analysis over East Antarctic,
Chinese Journal of Polar Research, 26, 469–480,
https://doi.org/10.13679/j.jdyj.2014.4.469, 2014.
Ma, Y., Bian, L., Xiao, C., and Allison, I.: Correction of snow accumulation
impacted on air temperature from automatic weather station on the Antarctic
Ice Sheet, Advance in Polar Science, 20, 299–309,
2008.
Martin, P. and Peel, D.: The Spatial Distribution of 10 m Temperatures in
the Antarctic Peninsula, J. Glaciol., 20, 311–317,
https://doi.org/10.3189/S0022143000013861, 1978.
Mottram, R., Hansen, N., Kittel, C., van Wessem, J. M., Agosta, C., Amory, C., Boberg, F., van de Berg, W. J., Fettweis, X., Gossart, A., van Lipzig, N. P. M., van Meijgaard, E., Orr, A., Phillips, T., Webster, S., Simonsen, S. B., and Souverijns, N.: What is the surface mass balance of Antarctica? An intercomparison of regional climate model estimates, The Cryosphere, 15, 3751–3784, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-3751-2021, 2021.
Reijmer, C. H. and Oerlemans, J.: Temporal and spatial variability of the
surface energy balance in Dronning Maud Land, East Antarctica, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 107, 4759,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JD000110, 2002.
Renfrew, I. A. and Anderson, P. S.: The surface climatology of an ordinary
katabatic wind regime in Coats Land, Antarctica, Tellus A, 54, 463–484,
https://doi.org/10.3402/tellusa.v54i5.12162, 2002.
Reusch, D. B. and Alley, R. B.: A 15-year West Antarctic climatology from six
automatic weather station temperature and pressure records, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 109, D04103,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2003JD004178, 2004.
Rodrigo, J. S., Buchlin, J-M., van Beeck J., Lenaerts, J. T. M., and van den
Broeke, M. R.: Evaluation of the antarctic surface wind climate from ERA
reanalyses and RACMO2/ANT simulations based on automatic weather stations,
Clim. Dynam., 40, 353–376,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-012-1396-y, 2013.
Rignot, E., Mouginot, J., Scheuchl, B., and Morlighem, M.: Four decades of
Antarctic Ice Sheet mass balance from 1979–2017, P. Natl. Aacad. Sci. USA, 116, 1095–1103,
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1812883116, 2019.
Seefeldt, M. W., Cassano, J. J., and Parish, T. R.: Dominant regimes of the Ross
Ice Shelf surface wind field during austral autumn 2005,
J. Appl. Meteorol. Clim., 46, 1933–1955,
https://doi.org/10.1175/2007JAMC1442.1, 2007.
Shuman, C. A. and Stearns, C. R.: Decadal-length composite inland West
Antarctic temperature records, J. Climate, 14, 1977–1988, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(2001)014<1977:DLCIWA>2.0.CO;2, 2001.
Smeets, P. C., Kuipers Munneke, P., Van As, D., van den Broeke, M. R., Boot,
W., Oerlemans, H., Snellen, H., Reijmer, C. H., and van de Wal, R. S.: The
K-transect in west Greenland: Automatic weather station data (1993–2016),
Arct. Antarct. Alp. Res., 50, S100002,
https://doi.org/10.1080/15230430.2017.1420954, 2018.
Stearns, C. R. and Wendler, G.: Research results from Antarctic automatic
weather stations, Rev. Geophys., 26, 45–61,
https://doi.org/10.1029/RG026i001p00045, 1988.
Stearns, C. R., Keller, L. M., Weidner, G. A., and Sievers, M.: Monthly mean
climatic data for Antarctic automatic weather stations, Antarctic
meteorology and climatology: studies based on automatic weather stations,
American Geophysical Union, 61, 1–21, https://doi.org/10.1029/AR061p0001, 1993.
Steig, E. J., Schneider, D. P., Rutherford, S. D., Mann, M. E., Comiso, J.
C., and Shindell, D. T.: Warming of the Antarctic ice-sheet surface since
the 1957 International Geophysical Year, Nature, 457, 459–462,
https://doi.org/10.1038/nature07669, 2009.
Summerhayes, C. P.: International collaboration in Antarctica: The
International Polar Years, the International Geophysical Year, and the
Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research,
Polar Rec., 44, 321–334,
https://doi.org/10.1017/S0032247408007468, 2008.
Tastula, E. M., Vihma, T., and Andreas, E. L.: Evaluation of Polar WRF from
Modeling the Atmospheric Boundary Layer over Antarctic Sea Ice in Autumn and
Winter, Mon. Weather Rev., 140, 3919–3935,
https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR-D-12-00016.1, 2012.
Turner, J., Colwell, S. R., Marshall, G. J., Lachlan-Cope, T. A., Carleton,
A. M., Jones, P. D., Lagun, V., Reid, P. A., and Iagovkina, S.: The SCAR
READER project: Toward a high-quality database of mean Antarctic
meteorological observations, J. Climate, 17, 2890–2898, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(2004)017<2890:TSRPTA>2.0.CO;2, 2004.
Van den Broeke, M. R. and Van Lipzig, N. P. M.: Factors controlling the
near-surface wind field in Antarctica, Mon. Weather Rev., 131, 733–743,
https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(2003)131<0733:FCTNSW>2.0.CO;2, 2003.
Van den Broeke, M. R., Van Lipzig, N. P. M., and Van Meijgaard, E.: Momentum
budget of the East Antarctic atmospheric boundary layer: Results of a
regional climate model, J. Atmos. Sc., 59, 3117–3129,
https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(2002)059<3117:MBOTEA>2.0.CO;2, 2002.
van Wessem, J. M., Reijmer, C. H., Lenaerts, J. T. M., van de Berg, W. J., van den Broeke, M. R., and van Meijgaard, E.: Updated cloud physics in a regional atmospheric climate model improves the modelled surface energy balance of Antarctica, The Cryosphere, 8, 125–135, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-8-125-2014, 2014.
Wang, Y., Wang, M., and Zhao, J.: A comparison of MODIS LST retrievals with
in situ observations from AWS over the Lambert Glacier Basin, East
Antarctica, Int. J. Geosci., 4, 611–617,
https://doi.org/10.4236/ijg.2013.43056, 2013.
Wang, Y., Ding, M., Reijmer, C. H., Smeets, P. C. J. P., Hou, S., and Xiao, C.: The AntSMB dataset: a comprehensive compilation of surface mass balance field observations over the Antarctic Ice Sheet, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 3057–3074, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-3057-2021, 2021.
Wang, Y., Zhang, X., Ning, W., Lazzara, M. A., Ding, M., Reijmer C., Smeets
P., Grigioni, P., Thomas, E. R., Zhai Z., Sun Y., and Hou, S.: AntAWS Dataset: A
compilation of Antarctic automatic weather station observations, Version
1.0, AMRDC Data Repository [data set], https://doi.org/10.48567/key7-ch19,
2022.
Wille, J. D., Favier, V., Jourdain, N. C., Kittel, C., Turton, J. V., Agosta, C., Gorodetskaya, I. V., Picard, G., Codron, F., Santos, C. L-D., Amory, C., Fettweis, X., Blanchet, J., Vincent Jomelli, V., and Berchet, A.: Intense atmospheric rivers can weaken ice shelf stability at the Antarctic Peninsula, Commun. Earth Environ., 3, 90, https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-022-00422-9, 2022.
World Meteorological Organization: Guide to Instruments and Methods of
Observation Volume 1–Measurement of Meteorological Variables, Geneva,
Switzerland, 8, ISBN 978-92-63-10008-5, 2018.
Short summary
Here we construct a new database of Antarctic automatic weather station (AWS) meteorological records, which is quality-controlled by restrictive criteria. This dataset compiled all available Antarctic AWS observations, and its resolutions are 3-hourly, daily and monthly, which is very useful for quantifying spatiotemporal variability in weather conditions. Furthermore, this compilation will be used to estimate the performance of the regional climate models or meteorological reanalysis products.
Here we construct a new database of Antarctic automatic weather station (AWS) meteorological...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint