Articles | Volume 12, issue 4
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-2333-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-2333-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Data description paper
| 
01 Oct 2020
Data description paper |
| 01 Oct 2020
| 01 Oct 2020
A comprehensive dataset of vegetation states, fluxes of matter and energy, weather, agricultural management, and soil properties from intensively monitored crop sites in western Germany
Tim G. Reichenau
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Institute of Geography, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
Wolfgang Korres
Institute of Geography, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
Marius Schmidt
Institute of Bio- and Geosciences 3: Agrosphere (IBG-3),
Jülich Research Centre, Jülich, Germany
Alexander Graf
Institute of Bio- and Geosciences 3: Agrosphere (IBG-3),
Jülich Research Centre, Jülich, Germany
Gerhard Welp
Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation
(INRES), Soil Science and Soil Ecology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
Nele Meyer
Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation
(INRES), Soil Science and Soil Ecology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki,
Finland
Anja Stadler
Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), Crop
Science, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
Cosimo Brogi
Institute of Bio- and Geosciences 3: Agrosphere (IBG-3),
Jülich Research Centre, Jülich, Germany
Karl Schneider
Institute of Geography, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
Related authors
Christian Willmes, Lorenzo Canals, Christopher Ganser, Dirk Mennecke, Finn Luis Phillipps, Anne-Kathrin Pietsch, Tim Reichenau, Elisabeth Reuhl, Philip Schildkamp, Maximilian Stempel, Daniel Wickeroth, Jan Wieners, and Øyvind Eide
Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., XLVIII-4-W11-2024, 153–160, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLVIII-4-W11-2024-153-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLVIII-4-W11-2024-153-2024, 2024
Tobias K. D. Weber, Joachim Ingwersen, Petra Högy, Arne Poyda, Hans-Dieter Wizemann, Michael Scott Demyan, Kristina Bohm, Ravshan Eshonkulov, Sebastian Gayler, Pascal Kremer, Moritz Laub, Yvonne Funkiun Nkwain, Christian Troost, Irene Witte, Tim Reichenau, Thomas Berger, Georg Cadisch, Torsten Müller, Andreas Fangmeier, Volker Wulfmeyer, and Thilo Streck
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 1153–1181, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-1153-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-1153-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Presented are measurement results from six agricultural fields operated by local farmers in southwestern Germany over 9 years. Six eddy-covariance stations measuring water, energy, and carbon fluxes between the vegetated soil surface and the atmosphere provided the backbone of the measurement sites and were supplemented by extensive soil and vegetation state monitoring. The dataset is ideal for testing process models characterizing fluxes at the vegetated soil surface and in the atmosphere.
Mana Gharun, Ankit Shekhar, Lukas Hörtnagl, Luana Krebs, Nicola Arriga, Mirco Migliavacca, Marilyn Roland, Bert Gielen, Leonardo Montagnani, Enrico Tomelleri, Ladislav Šigut, Matthias Peichl, Peng Zhao, Marius Schmidt, Thomas Grünwald, Mika Korkiakoski, Annalea Lohila, and Nina Buchmann
Biogeosciences, 22, 1393–1411, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-1393-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-1393-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The effect of winter warming on forest CO2 fluxes has rarely been investigated. We tested the effect of the warm winter of 2020 on the forest CO2 fluxes across 14 sites in Europe and found that the net ecosystem productivity (NEP) across most sites declined during the warm winter due to increased respiration fluxes.
Salar Saeed Dogar, Cosimo Brogi, Dave O'Leary, Ixchel Hernández-Ochoa, Marco Donat, Harry Vereecken, and Johan Alexander Huisman
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-827, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-827, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for SOIL (SOIL).
Short summary
Short summary
Farmers need precise information about their fields to use water, fertilizers, and other resources efficiently. This study combines underground soil data and satellite images to create detailed field maps using advanced machine learning. By testing different ways of processing data, we ensured a balanced and accurate approach. The results help farmers manage their land more effectively, leading to better harvests and more sustainable farming practices.
Till Francke, Cosimo Brogi, Alby Duarte Rocha, Michael Förster, Maik Heistermann, Markus Köhli, Daniel Rasche, Marvin Reich, Paul Schattan, Lena Scheiffele, and Martin Schrön
Geosci. Model Dev., 18, 819–842, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-819-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-819-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Multiple methods for measuring soil moisture beyond the point scale exist. Their validation is generally hindered by not knowing the truth. We propose a virtual framework in which this truth is fully known and the sensor observations for cosmic ray neutron sensing, remote sensing, and hydrogravimetry are simulated. This allows for the rigorous testing of these virtual sensors to understand their effectiveness and limitations.
Jacob A. Nelson, Sophia Walther, Fabian Gans, Basil Kraft, Ulrich Weber, Kimberly Novick, Nina Buchmann, Mirco Migliavacca, Georg Wohlfahrt, Ladislav Šigut, Andreas Ibrom, Dario Papale, Mathias Göckede, Gregory Duveiller, Alexander Knohl, Lukas Hörtnagl, Russell L. Scott, Jiří Dušek, Weijie Zhang, Zayd Mahmoud Hamdi, Markus Reichstein, Sergio Aranda-Barranco, Jonas Ardö, Maarten Op de Beeck, Dave Billesbach, David Bowling, Rosvel Bracho, Christian Brümmer, Gustau Camps-Valls, Shiping Chen, Jamie Rose Cleverly, Ankur Desai, Gang Dong, Tarek S. El-Madany, Eugenie Susanne Euskirchen, Iris Feigenwinter, Marta Galvagno, Giacomo A. Gerosa, Bert Gielen, Ignacio Goded, Sarah Goslee, Christopher Michael Gough, Bernard Heinesch, Kazuhito Ichii, Marcin Antoni Jackowicz-Korczynski, Anne Klosterhalfen, Sara Knox, Hideki Kobayashi, Kukka-Maaria Kohonen, Mika Korkiakoski, Ivan Mammarella, Mana Gharun, Riccardo Marzuoli, Roser Matamala, Stefan Metzger, Leonardo Montagnani, Giacomo Nicolini, Thomas O'Halloran, Jean-Marc Ourcival, Matthias Peichl, Elise Pendall, Borja Ruiz Reverter, Marilyn Roland, Simone Sabbatini, Torsten Sachs, Marius Schmidt, Christopher R. Schwalm, Ankit Shekhar, Richard Silberstein, Maria Lucia Silveira, Donatella Spano, Torbern Tagesson, Gianluca Tramontana, Carlo Trotta, Fabio Turco, Timo Vesala, Caroline Vincke, Domenico Vitale, Enrique R. Vivoni, Yi Wang, William Woodgate, Enrico A. Yepez, Junhui Zhang, Donatella Zona, and Martin Jung
Biogeosciences, 21, 5079–5115, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-5079-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-5079-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The movement of water, carbon, and energy from the Earth's surface to the atmosphere, or flux, is an important process to understand because it impacts our lives. Here, we outline a method called FLUXCOM-X to estimate global water and CO2 fluxes based on direct measurements from sites around the world. We go on to demonstrate how these new estimates of net CO2 uptake/loss, gross CO2 uptake, total water evaporation, and transpiration from plants compare to previous and independent estimates.
Christian Willmes, Lorenzo Canals, Christopher Ganser, Dirk Mennecke, Finn Luis Phillipps, Anne-Kathrin Pietsch, Tim Reichenau, Elisabeth Reuhl, Philip Schildkamp, Maximilian Stempel, Daniel Wickeroth, Jan Wieners, and Øyvind Eide
Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., XLVIII-4-W11-2024, 153–160, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLVIII-4-W11-2024-153-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLVIII-4-W11-2024-153-2024, 2024
Sinikka J. Paulus, Rene Orth, Sung-Ching Lee, Anke Hildebrandt, Martin Jung, Jacob A. Nelson, Tarek Sebastian El-Madany, Arnaud Carrara, Gerardo Moreno, Matthias Mauder, Jannis Groh, Alexander Graf, Markus Reichstein, and Mirco Migliavacca
Biogeosciences, 21, 2051–2085, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2051-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2051-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Porous materials are known to reversibly trap water from the air, even at low humidity. However, this behavior is poorly understood for soils. In this analysis, we test whether eddy covariance is able to measure the so-called adsorption of atmospheric water vapor by soils. We find that this flux occurs frequently during dry nights in a Mediterranean ecosystem, while EC detects downwardly directed vapor fluxes. These results can help to map moisture uptake globally.
Nils Eingrüber, Wolfgang Korres, Ulrich Löhnert, and Karl Schneider
Adv. Sci. Res., 20, 65–71, https://doi.org/10.5194/asr-20-65-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/asr-20-65-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Sensitivity analyses for wind direction effects upon an ENVI-met microclimate model were performed for a heterogeneous urban study area. Significant temperature differences were found when forcing the model with constant N/E/S/W wind direction data. Best model performance was observed using measured wind direction forcing data. The results demonstrate that cooling effects of park areas are largely directional which is important for urban planning and design of climate change adaptation measures.
Cosimo Brogi, Heye Reemt Bogena, Markus Köhli, Johan Alexander Huisman, Harrie-Jan Hendricks Franssen, and Olga Dombrowski
Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst., 11, 451–469, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-11-451-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-11-451-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Accurate monitoring of water in soil can improve irrigation efficiency, which is important considering climate change and the growing world population. Cosmic-ray neutrons sensors (CRNSs) are a promising tool in irrigation monitoring due to a larger sensed area and to lower maintenance than other ground-based sensors. Here, we analyse the feasibility of irrigation monitoring with CRNSs and the impact of the irrigated field dimensions, of the variations of water in soil, and of instrument design.
Nils Eingrüber, Wolfgang Korres, and Karl Schneider
Adv. Sci. Res., 19, 81–90, https://doi.org/10.5194/asr-19-81-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/asr-19-81-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Cities are particularly affected by climate change. Adaptation strategies require data, models and scenario analyses. This paper characterizes the urban microclimate of a 16 ha study area in Cologne based on a network of 33 calibrated and validated sensors. Using statistical analyses, tests and pairwise comparisons, significant microclimatic differences were identified between a park, courtyard, avenue and narrow street. The data will be used in future to validate an ENVI-met microclimate model.
Olga Dombrowski, Cosimo Brogi, Harrie-Jan Hendricks Franssen, Damiano Zanotelli, and Heye Bogena
Geosci. Model Dev., 15, 5167–5193, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-5167-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-5167-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Soil carbon storage and food production of fruit orchards will be influenced by climate change. However, they lack representation in models that study such processes. We developed and tested a new sub-model, CLM5-FruitTree, that describes growth, biomass distribution, and management practices in orchards. The model satisfactorily predicted yield and exchange of carbon, energy, and water in an apple orchard and can be used to study land surface processes in fruit orchards at different scales.
Tobias K. D. Weber, Joachim Ingwersen, Petra Högy, Arne Poyda, Hans-Dieter Wizemann, Michael Scott Demyan, Kristina Bohm, Ravshan Eshonkulov, Sebastian Gayler, Pascal Kremer, Moritz Laub, Yvonne Funkiun Nkwain, Christian Troost, Irene Witte, Tim Reichenau, Thomas Berger, Georg Cadisch, Torsten Müller, Andreas Fangmeier, Volker Wulfmeyer, and Thilo Streck
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 1153–1181, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-1153-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-1153-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Presented are measurement results from six agricultural fields operated by local farmers in southwestern Germany over 9 years. Six eddy-covariance stations measuring water, energy, and carbon fluxes between the vegetated soil surface and the atmosphere provided the backbone of the measurement sites and were supplemented by extensive soil and vegetation state monitoring. The dataset is ideal for testing process models characterizing fluxes at the vegetated soil surface and in the atmosphere.
Youri Rothfuss, Maria Quade, Nicolas Brüggemann, Alexander Graf, Harry Vereecken, and Maren Dubbert
Biogeosciences, 18, 3701–3732, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3701-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3701-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The partitioning of evapotranspiration into evaporation from soil and transpiration from plants is crucial for a wide range of parties, from farmers to policymakers. In this work, we focus on a particular partitioning method, based on the stable isotopic analysis of water. In particular, we aim at highlighting the challenges that this method is currently facing and, in light of recent methodological developments, propose ways forward for the isotopic-partitioning community.
Cosimo Brogi, Johan A. Huisman, Lutz Weihermüller, Michael Herbst, and Harry Vereecken
SOIL, 7, 125–143, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-7-125-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-7-125-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
There is a need in agriculture for detailed soil maps that carry quantitative information. Geophysics-based soil maps have the potential to deliver such products, but their added value has not been fully investigated yet. In this study, we compare the use of a geophysics-based soil map with the use of two commonly available maps as input for crop growth simulations. The geophysics-based product results in better simulations, with improvements that depend on precipitation, soil, and crop type.
Theresa Boas, Heye Bogena, Thomas Grünwald, Bernard Heinesch, Dongryeol Ryu, Marius Schmidt, Harry Vereecken, Andrew Western, and Harrie-Jan Hendricks Franssen
Geosci. Model Dev., 14, 573–601, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-573-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-573-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
In this study we were able to significantly improve CLM5 model performance for European cropland sites by adding a winter wheat representation, specific plant parameterizations for important cash crops, and a cover-cropping and crop rotation subroutine to its crop module. Our modifications should be applied in future studies of CLM5 to improve regional yield predictions and to better understand large-scale impacts of agricultural management on carbon, water, and energy fluxes.
Jan Pisek, Angela Erb, Lauri Korhonen, Tobias Biermann, Arnaud Carrara, Edoardo Cremonese, Matthias Cuntz, Silvano Fares, Giacomo Gerosa, Thomas Grünwald, Niklas Hase, Michal Heliasz, Andreas Ibrom, Alexander Knohl, Johannes Kobler, Bart Kruijt, Holger Lange, Leena Leppänen, Jean-Marc Limousin, Francisco Ramon Lopez Serrano, Denis Loustau, Petr Lukeš, Lars Lundin, Riccardo Marzuoli, Meelis Mölder, Leonardo Montagnani, Johan Neirynck, Matthias Peichl, Corinna Rebmann, Eva Rubio, Margarida Santos-Reis, Crystal Schaaf, Marius Schmidt, Guillaume Simioni, Kamel Soudani, and Caroline Vincke
Biogeosciences, 18, 621–635, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-621-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-621-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Understory vegetation is the most diverse, least understood component of forests worldwide. Understory communities are important drivers of overstory succession and nutrient cycling. Multi-angle remote sensing enables us to describe surface properties by means that are not possible when using mono-angle data. Evaluated over an extensive set of forest ecosystem experimental sites in Europe, our reported method can deliver good retrievals, especially over different forest types with open canopies.
Jordi Vilà-Guerau de Arellano, Patrizia Ney, Oscar Hartogensis, Hugo de Boer, Kevin van Diepen, Dzhaner Emin, Geiske de Groot, Anne Klosterhalfen, Matthias Langensiepen, Maria Matveeva, Gabriela Miranda-García, Arnold F. Moene, Uwe Rascher, Thomas Röckmann, Getachew Adnew, Nicolas Brüggemann, Youri Rothfuss, and Alexander Graf
Biogeosciences, 17, 4375–4404, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4375-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4375-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The CloudRoots field experiment has obtained an open comprehensive observational data set that includes soil, plant, and atmospheric variables to investigate the interactions between a heterogeneous land surface and its overlying atmospheric boundary layer, including the rapid perturbations of clouds in evapotranspiration. Our findings demonstrate that in order to understand and represent diurnal variability, we need to measure and model processes from the leaf to the landscape scales.
Anne Klosterhalfen, Alexander Graf, Nicolas Brüggemann, Clemens Drüe, Odilia Esser, María P. González-Dugo, Günther Heinemann, Cor M. J. Jacobs, Matthias Mauder, Arnold F. Moene, Patrizia Ney, Thomas Pütz, Corinna Rebmann, Mario Ramos Rodríguez, Todd M. Scanlon, Marius Schmidt, Rainer Steinbrecher, Christoph K. Thomas, Veronika Valler, Matthias J. Zeeman, and Harry Vereecken
Biogeosciences, 16, 1111–1132, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-1111-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-1111-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
To obtain magnitudes of flux components of H2O and CO2 (e.g., transpiration, soil respiration), we applied source partitioning approaches after Scanlon and Kustas (2010) and after Thomas et al. (2008) to high-frequency eddy covariance measurements of 12 study sites covering various ecosystems (croplands, grasslands, and forests) in different climatic regions. We analyzed the interrelations among turbulence, site characteristics, and the performance of both partitioning methods.
Hanna Post, Harrie-Jan Hendricks Franssen, Xujun Han, Roland Baatz, Carsten Montzka, Marius Schmidt, and Harry Vereecken
Biogeosciences, 15, 187–208, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-187-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-187-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Estimated values of selected key CLM4.5-BGC parameters obtained with the Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) approach DREAM(zs) strongly altered catchment-scale NEE predictions in comparison to global default parameter values. The effect of perturbed meteorological input data on the uncertainty of the predicted carbon fluxes was notably higher for C3-grass and C3-crop than for coniferous and deciduous forest. A future distinction of different crop types including management is considered essential.
Wei Qu, Heye R. Bogena, Johan A. Huisman, Marius Schmidt, Ralf Kunkel, Ansgar Weuthen, Henning Schiedung, Bernd Schilling, Jürgen Sorg, and Harry Vereecken
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 8, 517–529, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-8-517-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-8-517-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
The Rollesbroich catchment is a hydrological observatory of the TERENO (Terrestrial Environmental Observatories) initiative. Hydrometeorological data and spatiotemporal variations in soil water content are measured at high temporal resolution and can be used for many purposes, e.g. validation of remote sensing retrievals, improving hydrological understanding, optimizing data assimilation and inverse modelling techniques. The data set is freely available online (http://www.tereno.net).
S. Gebler, H.-J. Hendricks Franssen, T. Pütz, H. Post, M. Schmidt, and H. Vereecken
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 2145–2161, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-2145-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-2145-2015, 2015
H. Post, H. J. Hendricks Franssen, A. Graf, M. Schmidt, and H. Vereecken
Biogeosciences, 12, 1205–1221, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-1205-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-1205-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
This study introduces an extension of the classical two-tower approach for uncertainty estimation of measured net CO2 fluxes (NEE). Because land surface properties cannot be assumed identical at two eddy covariance towers, a correction for systematic flux differences is proposed to be added to the classical weather filter. With this extension, the overestimation of NEE uncertainty due to systematic flux differences (which are assumed to increase with tower distance) can considerably be reduced.
P. D. Wagner, S. Kumar, and K. Schneider
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 17, 2233–2246, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-2233-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-2233-2013, 2013
Related subject area
Biogeosciences and biodiversity
A post-processed carbon flux dataset for 34 eddy covariance flux sites across the Heihe River basin, China
Century-long reconstruction of gridded phosphorus surplus across Europe (1850–2019)
High-resolution carbon cycling data from 2019 to 2021 measured at six Austrian long-term ecosystem research sites
An organic matter database (OMD): consolidating global residue data from agriculture, fisheries, forestry and related industries
An expert survey on chamber measurement techniques for methane fluxes
Gas exchange velocities (k600), gas exchange rates (K600), and hydraulic geometries for streams and rivers derived from the NEON Reaeration field and lab collection data product (DP1.20190.001)
Permafrost-wildfire interactions: Active layer thickness estimates for paired burned and unburned sites in northern high-latitudes
The European Forest Disturbance Atlas: a forest disturbance monitoring system using the Landsat archive
ARGO: ARctic greenhouse Gas Observation metadata version 1
A spectral–structural characterization of European temperate, hemiboreal, and boreal forests
VODCA v2: multi-sensor, multi-frequency vegetation optical depth data for long-term canopy dynamics and biomass monitoring
Crop-specific management history of phosphorus fertilizer input (CMH-P) in the croplands of the United States: reconciliation of top-down and bottom-up data sources
Enhancing long-term vegetation monitoring in Australia: a new approach for harmonising the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer normalised-difference vegetation index (NDVI) with MODIS NDVI
The SahulCHAR Collection: A Palaeofire Database for Australia, New Guinea, and New Zealand
A synthesized field survey database of vegetation and active-layer properties for the Alaskan tundra (1972–2020)
Mapping global leaf inclination angle (LIA) based on field measurement data
TCSIF: a temporally consistent global Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment-2A (GOME-2A) solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence dataset with the correction of sensor degradation
Global nitrous oxide budget (1980–2020)
National forest carbon harvesting and allocation dataset for the period 2003 to 2018
Spatial mapping of key plant functional traits in terrestrial ecosystems across China
WetCH4: A Machine Learning-based Upscaling of Methane Fluxes of Northern Wetlands during 2016–2022
LegacyVegetation 1.0: Global reconstruction of vegetation composition and forest cover from pollen archives of the last 50 ka
HiQ-LAI: a high-quality reprocessed MODIS leaf area index dataset with better spatiotemporal consistency from 2000 to 2022
EUPollMap: the European atlas of contemporary pollen distribution maps derived from an integrated Kriging interpolation approach
Reference maps of soil phosphorus for the pan-Amazon region
Mapping 24 woody plant species phenology and ground forest phenology over China from 1951 to 2020
Sensor-independent LAI/FPAR CDR: reconstructing a global sensor-independent climate data record of MODIS and VIIRS LAI/FPAR from 2000 to 2022
Investigating limnological processes and modern sedimentation at Lake Żabińskie, northeast Poland: a decade-long multi-variable dataset, 2012–2021
Spatiotemporally consistent global dataset of the GIMMS leaf area index (GIMMS LAI4g) from 1982 to 2020
Spatiotemporally consistent global dataset of the GIMMS Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (PKU GIMMS NDVI) from 1982 to 2022
CLIM4OMICS: a geospatially comprehensive climate and multi-OMICS database for maize phenotype predictability in the United States and Canada
Quantifying exchangeable base cations in permafrost: a reserve of nutrients about to thaw
Routine monitoring of western Lake Erie to track water quality changes associated with cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms
The Portuguese Large Wildfire Spread database (PT-FireSprd)
Thirty-meter map of young forest age in China
GRiMeDB: the Global River Methane Database of concentrations and fluxes
A gridded dataset of a leaf-age-dependent leaf area index seasonality product over tropical and subtropical evergreen broadleaved forests
Fire weather index data under historical and shared socioeconomic pathway projections in the 6th phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project from 1850 to 2100
A remote-sensing-based dataset to characterize the ecosystem functioning and functional diversity in the Biosphere Reserve of the Sierra Nevada (southeastern Spain)
A global long-term, high-resolution satellite radar backscatter data record (1992–2022+): merging C-band ERS/ASCAT and Ku-band QSCAT
A global database on holdover time of lightning-ignited wildfires
National CO2 budgets (2015–2020) inferred from atmospheric CO2 observations in support of the global stocktake
A new habitat map of the Lena Delta in Arctic Siberia based on field and remote sensing datasets
Mammals in the Chornobyl Exclusion Zone's Red Forest: a motion-activated camera trap study
Maps with 1 km resolution reveal increases in above- and belowground forest biomass carbon pools in China over the past 20 years
AnisoVeg: anisotropy and nadir-normalized MODIS multi-angle implementation atmospheric correction (MAIAC) datasets for satellite vegetation studies in South America
TiP-Leaf: a dataset of leaf traits across vegetation types on the Tibetan Plateau
Forest structure and individual tree inventories of northeastern Siberia along climatic gradients
Global climate-related predictors at kilometer resolution for the past and future
A daily and 500 m coupled evapotranspiration and gross primary production product across China during 2000–2020
Xufeng Wang, Tao Che, Jingfeng Xiao, Tonghong Wang, Junlei Tan, Yang Zhang, Zhiguo Ren, Liying Geng, Haibo Wang, Ziwei Xu, Shaomin Liu, and Xin Li
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 17, 1329–1346, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-1329-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-1329-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, carbon flux and auxiliary meteorological data are post-processed to create an analysis-ready dataset for 34 sites across six ecosystems in the Heihe River basin. Overall, 18 sites have multi-year observations, while 16 were observed only during the 2012 growing season, totaling 1513 site months. This dataset can be used to explore carbon exchange, assess ecosystem responses to climate change, support upscaling studies, and evaluate carbon cycle models.
Masooma Batool, Fanny J. Sarrazin, and Rohini Kumar
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 17, 881–916, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-881-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-881-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Our paper presents a reconstruction and analysis of the gridded P surplus in European landscapes from 1850 to 2019 at a 5 arcmin resolution. By utilizing 48 different estimates, we account for uncertainties in major components of the P surplus. Our findings highlight substantial historical changes, with the total P surplus in the EU 27 tripling over 170 years. Our dataset enables flexible aggregation at various spatial scales, providing critical insights for land and water management strategies.
Thomas Dirnböck, Michael Bahn, Eugenio Diaz-Pines, Ika Djukic, Michael Englisch, Karl Gartner, Günther Gollobich, Johannes Ingrisch, Barbara Kitzler, Karl Knaebel, Johannes Kobler, Andreas Maier, Armin Malli, Ivo Offenthaler, Johannes Peterseil, Gisela Pröll, Sarah Venier, Christoph Wohner, Sophie Zechmeister-Boltenstern, Anita Zolles, and Stephan Glatzel
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 17, 685–702, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-685-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-685-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Long-term observation sites have been established in six Austrian locations, covering major ecosystem types such as forests, grasslands, and wetlands. The purpose of these observations is to measure baselines for assessing the impacts of extreme climate events on the carbon cycle. The collected datasets include meteorological variables, soil temperature and moisture, carbon dioxide fluxes, and tree stem growth in forests at a resolution of 15–60 min between 2019 and 2021.
Gudeta Weldesemayat Sileshi, Edmundo Barrios, Johannes Lehmann, and Francesco Nicola Tubiello
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 17, 369–391, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-369-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-369-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Agricultural, fishery, forestry and agro-processing activities produce large quantities of residues, by-products and waste materials every year. Here, we present a global organic matter database (OMD), the first of its kind, consolidating estimates of residues and by-products potentially available for use in a circular bio-economy. It also provides definitions, typologies and methods to aid consistent classification, estimation and reporting of the various residues and by-products.
Katharina Jentzsch, Lona van Delden, Matthias Fuchs, and Claire C. Treat
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-381, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-381, 2024
Revised manuscript accepted for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
Methane is a greenhouse gas that contributes to global warming, but we do not fully understand how much is released from natural sources like wetlands. To measure methane over large areas, many measurements are needed, often from small chambers that are placed on the ground. However, different researchers use different measurement setups, making it hard to combine data. We surveyed 36 researchers about their methods, summarized the responses, and identified ways to make the data more comparable.
Kelly S. Aho, Kaelin M. Cawley, Robert T. Hensley, Robert O. Hall Jr., Walter K. Dodds, and Keli J. Goodman
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 5563–5578, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-5563-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-5563-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Gas exchange is fundamental to many biogeochemical processes in streams and depends on the degree of gas saturation and the gas transfer velocity (k). Currently, k is harder to measure than concentration. Here, we present a processing pipeline to estimate k from tracer-gas experiments conducted in 22 streams by the National Ecological Observatory Network. The processed dataset (n = 339) represents the largest compilation of standardized k estimates available.
Anna Talucci, Michael M. Loranty, Jean E. Holloway, Brendan M. Rogers, Heather D. Alexander, Natalie Baillargeon, Jennifer L. Baltzer, Logan T. Berner, Amy Breen, Leya Brodt, Brian Buma, Jacqueline Dean, Clement J. F. Delcourt, Lucas R. Diaz, Catherine M. Dieleman, Thomas A. Douglas, Gerald V. Frost, Benjamin V. Gaglioti, Rebecca E. Hewitt, Teresa Hollingsworth, M. Torre Jorgenson, Mark J. Lara, Rachel A. Loehman, Michelle C. Mack, Kristen L. Manies, Christina Minions, Susan M. Natali, Jonathan A. O'Donnell, David Olefeldt, Alison K. Paulson, Adrian V. Rocha, Lisa B. Saperstein, Tatiana A. Shestakova, Seeta Sistla, Oleg Sizov, Andrey Soromotin, Merritt R. Turetsky, Sander Veraverbeke, and Michelle A. Walvoord
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-526, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-526, 2024
Revised manuscript accepted for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
Wildfires have the potential to accelerate permafrost thaw and the associated feedbacks to climate change. We assembled a data set of permafrost thaw depth measurements from burned and unburned sites contributed by researchers from across the northern high latitude region. We estimated maximum thaw depth for each measurement, which addresses a key challenge: the ability to assess impacts of wildfire on maximum thaw depth when measurement timing varies.
Alba Viana-Soto and Cornelius Senf
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-361, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-361, 2024
Revised manuscript accepted for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
Europe's forests are undergoing complex changes in response to increasing disturbances driven by climate and land use changes. We present here the European Forest Disturbance Atlas, a satellite-based approach for mapping annual forest disturbances across continental Europe since 1985. Maps provide insights into the year of disturbance occurrence, the actual frequency of disturbances, severity and the underlying causal agent, thus contributing to a future monitoring system envisioned for Europe.
Judith Vogt, Martijn M. T. A. Pallandt, Luana S. Basso, Abdullah Bolek, Kseniia Ivanova, Mark Schlutow, Gerardo Celis, McKenzie Kuhn, Marguerite Mauritz, Edward A. G. Schuur, Kyle Arndt, Anna-Maria Virkkala, Isabel Wargowsky, and Mathias Göckede
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-456, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-456, 2024
Revised manuscript accepted for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
We present ARGO, a meta-dataset of greenhouse gas observations in Arctic and boreal regions including information about sites where greenhouse gases were measured across different measurement techniques. This dataset provides a novel repository for metadata to facilitate synthesis efforts for regions experiencing rapid environmental change. The meta-dataset shows where measurements lack and will be updated as new measurements are made public.
Miina Rautiainen, Aarne Hovi, Daniel Schraik, Jan Hanuš, Petr Lukeš, Zuzana Lhotáková, and Lucie Homolová
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 5069–5087, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-5069-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-5069-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Radiative transfer models play a key role in monitoring vegetation using remote sensing data such as satellite or airborne images. The development of these models has been hindered by a lack of comprehensive ground reference data on structural and spectral characteristics of forests. Here, we reported datasets on the structural and spectral properties of temperate, hemiboreal, and boreal European forest stands. We anticipate that these data will have wide use in remote sensing applications.
Ruxandra-Maria Zotta, Leander Moesinger, Robin van der Schalie, Mariette Vreugdenhil, Wolfgang Preimesberger, Thomas Frederikse, Richard de Jeu, and Wouter Dorigo
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 4573–4617, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-4573-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-4573-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
VODCA v2 is a dataset providing vegetation indicators for long-term ecosystem monitoring. VODCA v2 comprises two products: VODCA CXKu, spanning 34 years of observations (1987–2021), suitable for monitoring upper canopy dynamics, and VODCA L (2010–2021), for above-ground biomass monitoring. VODCA v2 has lower noise levels than the previous product version and provides valuable insights into plant water dynamics and biomass changes, even in areas where optical data are limited.
Peiyu Cao, Bo Yi, Franco Bilotto, Carlos Gonzalez Fischer, Mario Herrero, and Chaoqun Lu
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 4557–4572, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-4557-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-4557-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This article presents a spatially explicit time series dataset reconstructing crop-specific phosphorus fertilizer application rates, timing, and methods at a 4 km × 4 km resolution in the United States from 1850 to 2022. We comprehensively characterized the spatio-temporal dynamics of P fertilizer management over the last 170 years by considering cross-crop variations. This dataset will greatly contribute to the field of agricultural sustainability assessment and Earth system modeling.
Chad A. Burton, Sami W. Rifai, Luigi J. Renzullo, and Albert I. J. M. Van Dijk
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 4389–4416, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-4389-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-4389-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Understanding vegetation response to environmental change requires accurate, long-term data on vegetation condition (VC). We evaluated existing satellite VC datasets over Australia and found them lacking, so we developed a new VC dataset for Australia, AusENDVI. It can be used for studying Australia's changing vegetation dynamics and downstream impacts on the carbon and water cycles, and it provides a reliable foundation for further research into the drivers of vegetation change.
Emma Rehn, Haidee Cadd, Scott Mooney, Tim J. Cohen, Henry Munack, Alexandru T. Codilean, Matthew Adeleye, Kristen K. Beck, Mark Constantine IV, Chris Gouramanis, Johanna M. Hanson, Penelope J. Jones, A. Peter Kershaw, Lydia Mackenzie, Maame Maisie, Michela Mariani, Kia Mately, David McWethy, Keely Mills, Patrick Moss, Nicholas R. Patton, Cassandra Rowe, Janelle Stevenson, John Tibby, and Janet Wilmshurst
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-328, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-328, 2024
Revised manuscript accepted for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents SahulCHAR, a new collection of palaeofire (ancient fire) records from Australia, New Guinea, and New Zealand. SahulCHAR Version 1 contains 687 records of sedimentary charcoal or black carbon, including digitized data, records from existing databases, and original author-submitted data. SahulCHAR is a much-needed update on past charcoal compilations that will also provide greater representation of records from this region in future global syntheses to understand past fire.
Xiaoran Zhu, Dong Chen, Maruko Kogure, Elizabeth Hoy, Logan T. Berner, Amy L. Breen, Abhishek Chatterjee, Scott J. Davidson, Gerald V. Frost, Teresa N. Hollingsworth, Go Iwahana, Randi R. Jandt, Anja N. Kade, Tatiana V. Loboda, Matt J. Macander, Michelle Mack, Charles E. Miller, Eric A. Miller, Susan M. Natali, Martha K. Raynolds, Adrian V. Rocha, Shiro Tsuyuzaki, Craig E. Tweedie, Donald A. Walker, Mathew Williams, Xin Xu, Yingtong Zhang, Nancy French, and Scott Goetz
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 3687–3703, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-3687-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-3687-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The Arctic tundra is experiencing widespread physical and biological changes, largely in response to warming, yet scientific understanding of tundra ecology and change remains limited due to relatively limited accessibility and studies compared to other terrestrial biomes. To support synthesis research and inform future studies, we created the Synthesized Alaskan Tundra Field Dataset (SATFiD), which brings together field datasets and includes vegetation, active-layer, and fire properties.
Sijia Li and Hongliang Fang
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-325, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-325, 2024
Revised manuscript accepted for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
Leaf inclination angle (LIA) is a vital parameter in radiative transfer, rainfall interception, evapotranspiration, photosynthesis, and hydrological processes. However, global LIA knowledge is still lacking. This study generated the first global 500 m LIA products by gap-filling LIA measurement data. The global LIA is 41.47°±9.55° and increases with latitude. The LIA products would enhance our understanding of global LIA and assist remote sensing retrieval and land surface modeling studies.
Chu Zou, Shanshan Du, Xinjie Liu, and Liangyun Liu
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 2789–2809, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-2789-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-2789-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
To obtain a temporally consistent satellite solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence
(SIF) product (TCSIF), we corrected for time degradation of GOME-2A using a pseudo-invariant method. After the correction, the global SIF grew by 0.70 % per year from 2007 to 2021, and 62.91 % of vegetated regions underwent an increase in SIF. The dataset is a promising tool for monitoring global vegetation variation and will advance our understanding of vegetation's photosynthetic activities at a global scale.
(SIF) product (TCSIF), we corrected for time degradation of GOME-2A using a pseudo-invariant method. After the correction, the global SIF grew by 0.70 % per year from 2007 to 2021, and 62.91 % of vegetated regions underwent an increase in SIF. The dataset is a promising tool for monitoring global vegetation variation and will advance our understanding of vegetation's photosynthetic activities at a global scale.
Hanqin Tian, Naiqing Pan, Rona L. Thompson, Josep G. Canadell, Parvadha Suntharalingam, Pierre Regnier, Eric A. Davidson, Michael Prather, Philippe Ciais, Marilena Muntean, Shufen Pan, Wilfried Winiwarter, Sönke Zaehle, Feng Zhou, Robert B. Jackson, Hermann W. Bange, Sarah Berthet, Zihao Bian, Daniele Bianchi, Alexander F. Bouwman, Erik T. Buitenhuis, Geoffrey Dutton, Minpeng Hu, Akihiko Ito, Atul K. Jain, Aurich Jeltsch-Thömmes, Fortunat Joos, Sian Kou-Giesbrecht, Paul B. Krummel, Xin Lan, Angela Landolfi, Ronny Lauerwald, Ya Li, Chaoqun Lu, Taylor Maavara, Manfredi Manizza, Dylan B. Millet, Jens Mühle, Prabir K. Patra, Glen P. Peters, Xiaoyu Qin, Peter Raymond, Laure Resplandy, Judith A. Rosentreter, Hao Shi, Qing Sun, Daniele Tonina, Francesco N. Tubiello, Guido R. van der Werf, Nicolas Vuichard, Junjie Wang, Kelley C. Wells, Luke M. Western, Chris Wilson, Jia Yang, Yuanzhi Yao, Yongfa You, and Qing Zhu
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 2543–2604, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-2543-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-2543-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Atmospheric concentrations of nitrous oxide (N2O), a greenhouse gas 273 times more potent than carbon dioxide, have increased by 25 % since the preindustrial period, with the highest observed growth rate in 2020 and 2021. This rapid growth rate has primarily been due to a 40 % increase in anthropogenic emissions since 1980. Observed atmospheric N2O concentrations in recent years have exceeded the worst-case climate scenario, underscoring the importance of reducing anthropogenic N2O emissions.
Daju Wang, Peiyang Ren, Xiaosheng Xia, Lei Fan, Zhangcai Qin, Xiuzhi Chen, and Wenping Yuan
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 2465–2481, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-2465-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-2465-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study generated a high-precision dataset, locating forest harvested carbon and quantifying post-harvest wood emissions for various uses. It enhances our understanding of forest harvesting and post-harvest carbon dynamics in China, providing essential data for estimating the forest ecosystem carbon budget and emphasizing wood utilization's impact on carbon emissions.
Nannan An, Nan Lu, Weiliang Chen, Yongzhe Chen, Hao Shi, Fuzhong Wu, and Bojie Fu
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 1771–1810, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1771-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1771-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study generated a spatially continuous plant functional trait dataset (~1 km) in China in combination with field observations, environmental variables and vegetation indices using machine learning methods. Results showed that wood density, leaf P concentration and specific leaf area showed good accuracy with an average R2 of higher than 0.45. This dataset could provide data support for development of Earth system models to predict vegetation distribution and ecosystem functions.
Qing Ying, Benjamin Poulter, Jennifer D. Watts, Kyle A. Arndt, Anna-Maria Virkkala, Lori Bruhwiler, Youmi Oh, Brendan M. Rogers, Susan M. Natali, Hilary Sullivan, Luke D. Schiferl, Clayton Elder, Olli Peltola, Annett Bartsch, Amanda Armstrong, Ankur R. Desai, Eugénie Euskirchen, Mathias Göckede, Bernhard Lehner, Mats B. Nilsson, Matthias Peichl, Oliver Sonnentag, Eeva-Stiina Tuittila, Torsten Sachs, Aram Kalhori, Masahito Ueyama, and Zhen Zhang
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-84, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-84, 2024
Revised manuscript accepted for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
We present daily methane fluxes of northern wetlands at 10-km resolution during 2016–2022 (WetCH4) derived from a novel machine-learning framework with improved accuracy. We estimated an average annual CH4 emissions of 20.8 ±2.1 Tg CH4 yr-1. Emissions were intensified in 2016, 2020, and 2022, with the largest interannual variations coming from West Siberia. Continued, all-season tower observations and improved soil moisture products are needed for future improvement of CH4 upscaling.
Laura Schild, Peter Ewald, Chenzhi Li, Raphaël Hébert, Thomas Laepple, and Ulrike Herzschuh
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2023-486, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2023-486, 2024
Revised manuscript accepted for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
This study reconstructed past vegetation and forest cover from a global data set of pollen counts from sediment and peat cores. A model was applied to correct for differences in pollen production between different plants and modern remote-sensing forest cover was used to adjust the necessary correction factors and improve the reconstruction even further. Accurate data on past vegetation is invaluable for the investigation of vegetation-climate dynamics and the validation of vegetation models.
Kai Yan, Jingrui Wang, Rui Peng, Kai Yang, Xiuzhi Chen, Gaofei Yin, Jinwei Dong, Marie Weiss, Jiabin Pu, and Ranga B. Myneni
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 1601–1622, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1601-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1601-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Variations in observational conditions have led to poor spatiotemporal consistency in leaf area index (LAI) time series. Using prior knowledge, we leveraged high-quality observations and spatiotemporal correlation to reprocess MODIS LAI, thereby generating HiQ-LAI, a product that exhibits fewer abnormal fluctuations in time series. Reprocessing was done on Google Earth Engine, providing users with convenient access to this value-added data and facilitating large-scale research and applications.
Fabio Oriani, Gregoire Mariethoz, and Manuel Chevalier
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 731–742, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-731-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-731-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Modern and fossil pollen data contain precious information for reconstructing the climate and environment of the past. However, these data are only achieved for single locations with no continuity in space. We present here a systematic atlas of 194 digital maps containing the spatial estimation of contemporary pollen presence over Europe. This dataset constitutes a free and ready-to-use tool to study climate, biodiversity, and environment in time and space.
João Paulo Darela-Filho, Anja Rammig, Katrin Fleischer, Tatiana Reichert, Laynara Figueiredo Lugli, Carlos Alberto Quesada, Luis Carlos Colocho Hurtarte, Mateus Dantas de Paula, and David M. Lapola
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 715–729, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-715-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-715-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Phosphorus (P) is crucial for plant growth, and scientists have created models to study how it interacts with carbon cycle in ecosystems. To apply these models, it is important to know the distribution of phosphorus in soil. In this study we estimated the distribution of phosphorus in the Amazon region. The results showed a clear gradient of soil development and P content. These maps can help improve ecosystem models and generate new hypotheses about phosphorus availability in the Amazon.
Mengyao Zhu, Junhu Dai, Huanjiong Wang, Juha M. Alatalo, Wei Liu, Yulong Hao, and Quansheng Ge
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 277–293, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-277-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-277-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study utilized 24,552 in situ phenology observation records from the Chinese Phenology Observation Network to model and map 24 woody plant species phenology and ground forest phenology over China from 1951 to 2020. These phenology maps are the first gridded, independent and reliable phenology data sources for China, offering a high spatial resolution of 0.1° and an average deviation of about 10 days. It contributes to more comprehensive research on plant phenology and climate change.
Jiabin Pu, Kai Yan, Samapriya Roy, Zaichun Zhu, Miina Rautiainen, Yuri Knyazikhin, and Ranga B. Myneni
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 15–34, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-15-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-15-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Long-term global LAI/FPAR products provide the fundamental dataset for accessing vegetation dynamics and studying climate change. This study develops a sensor-independent LAI/FPAR climate data record based on the integration of Terra-MODIS/Aqua-MODIS/VIIRS LAI/FPAR standard products and applies advanced gap-filling techniques. The SI LAI/FPAR CDR provides a valuable resource for researchers studying vegetation dynamics and their relationship to climate change in the 21st century.
Wojciech Tylmann, Alicja Bonk, Dariusz Borowiak, Paulina Głowacka, Kamil Nowiński, Joanna Piłczyńska, Agnieszka Szczerba, and Maurycy Żarczyński
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 5093–5103, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-5093-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-5093-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We present a dataset from the decade-long monitoring of Lake Żabińskie, a hardwater and eutrophic lake in northeast Poland. The lake contains varved sediments, which form a unique archive of past environmental variability. The monitoring program was designed to capture a pattern of relationships between meteorological conditions, limnological processes, and modern sedimentation and to verify if meteorological and limnological phenomena can be precisely tracked with varves.
Sen Cao, Muyi Li, Zaichun Zhu, Zhe Wang, Junjun Zha, Weiqing Zhao, Zeyu Duanmu, Jiana Chen, Yaoyao Zheng, Yue Chen, Ranga B. Myneni, and Shilong Piao
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 4877–4899, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-4877-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-4877-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The long-term global leaf area index (LAI) products are critical for characterizing vegetation dynamics under environmental changes. This study presents an updated GIMMS LAI product (GIMMS LAI4g; 1982−2020) based on PKU GIMMS NDVI and massive Landsat LAI samples. With higher accuracy than other LAI products, GIMMS LAI4g removes the effects of orbital drift and sensor degradation in AVHRR data. It has better temporal consistency before and after 2000 and a more reasonable global vegetation trend.
Muyi Li, Sen Cao, Zaichun Zhu, Zhe Wang, Ranga B. Myneni, and Shilong Piao
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 4181–4203, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-4181-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-4181-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Long-term global Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) products support the understanding of changes in vegetation under environmental changes. This study generates a consistent global NDVI product (PKU GIMMS NDVI) from 1982–2022 that eliminates the issue of orbital drift and sensor degradation in Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) data. More accurate than its predecessor (GIMMS NDVI3g), it shows high temporal consistency with MODIS NDVI in describing vegetation trends.
Parisa Sarzaeim, Francisco Muñoz-Arriola, Diego Jarquin, Hasnat Aslam, and Natalia De Leon Gatti
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 3963–3990, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3963-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3963-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
A genomic, phenomic, and climate database for maize phenotype predictability in the US and Canada is introduced. The database encompasses climate from multiple sources and OMICS from the Genomes to Fields initiative (G2F) data from 2014 to 2021, including codes for input data quality and consistency controls. Earth system modelers and breeders can use CLIM4OMICS since it interconnects the climate and biological system sciences. CLIM4OMICS is designed to foster phenotype predictability.
Elisabeth Mauclet, Maëlle Villani, Arthur Monhonval, Catherine Hirst, Edward A. G. Schuur, and Sophie Opfergelt
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 3891–3904, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3891-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3891-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Permafrost ecosystems are limited in nutrients for vegetation development and constrain the biological activity to the active layer. Upon Arctic warming, permafrost degradation exposes organic and mineral soil material that may directly influence the capacity of the soil to retain key nutrients for vegetation growth and development. Here, we demonstrate that the average total exchangeable nutrient density (Ca, K, Mg, and Na) is more than 2 times higher in the permafrost than in the active layer.
Anna G. Boegehold, Ashley M. Burtner, Andrew C. Camilleri, Glenn Carter, Paul DenUyl, David Fanslow, Deanna Fyffe Semenyuk, Casey M. Godwin, Duane Gossiaux, Thomas H. Johengen, Holly Kelchner, Christine Kitchens, Lacey A. Mason, Kelly McCabe, Danna Palladino, Dack Stuart, Henry Vanderploeg, and Reagan Errera
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 3853–3868, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3853-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3853-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Western Lake Erie suffers from cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (HABs) despite decades of international management efforts. In response, the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory (GLERL) and the Cooperative Institute for Great Lakes Research (CIGLR) created an annual sampling program to detect, monitor, assess, and predict HABs. Here we describe the data collected from this monitoring program from 2012 to 2021.
Akli Benali, Nuno Guiomar, Hugo Gonçalves, Bernardo Mota, Fábio Silva, Paulo M. Fernandes, Carlos Mota, Alexandre Penha, João Santos, José M. C. Pereira, and Ana C. L. Sá
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 3791–3818, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3791-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3791-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We reconstructed the spread of 80 large wildfires that burned recently in Portugal and calculated metrics that describe how wildfires behave, such as rate of spread, growth rate, and energy released. We describe the fire behaviour distribution using six percentile intervals that can be easily communicated to both research and management communities. The database will help improve our current knowledge on wildfire behaviour and support better decision making.
Yuelong Xiao, Qunming Wang, Xiaohua Tong, and Peter M. Atkinson
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 3365–3386, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3365-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3365-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Forest age is closely related to forest production, carbon cycles, and other ecosystem services. Existing stand age products in China derived from remote-sensing images are of a coarse spatial resolution and are not suitable for applications at the regional scale. Here, we mapped young forest ages across China at an unprecedented fine spatial resolution of 30 m. The overall accuracy (OA) of the generated map of young forest stand ages across China was 90.28 %.
Emily H. Stanley, Luke C. Loken, Nora J. Casson, Samantha K. Oliver, Ryan A. Sponseller, Marcus B. Wallin, Liwei Zhang, and Gerard Rocher-Ros
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 2879–2926, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2879-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2879-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The Global River Methane Database (GRiMeDB) presents CH4 concentrations and fluxes for flowing waters and concurrent measures of CO2, N2O, and several physicochemical variables, plus information about sample locations and methods used to measure gas fluxes. GRiMeDB is intended to increase opportunities to understand variation in fluvial CH4, test hypotheses related to greenhouse gas dynamics, and reduce uncertainty in future estimates of gas emissions from world streams and rivers.
Xueqin Yang, Xiuzhi Chen, Jiashun Ren, Wenping Yuan, Liyang Liu, Juxiu Liu, Dexiang Chen, Yihua Xiao, Qinghai Song, Yanjun Du, Shengbiao Wu, Lei Fan, Xiaoai Dai, Yunpeng Wang, and Yongxian Su
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 2601–2622, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2601-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2601-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We developed the first time-mapped, continental-scale gridded dataset of monthly leaf area index (LAI) in three leaf age cohorts (i.e., young, mature, and old) from 2001–2018 data (referred to as Lad-LAI). The seasonality of three LAI cohorts from the new Lad-LAI product agrees well at eight sites with very fine-scale collections of monthly LAI. The proposed satellite-based approaches can provide references for mapping finer spatiotemporal-resolution LAI products with different leaf age cohorts.
Yann Quilcaille, Fulden Batibeniz, Andreia F. S. Ribeiro, Ryan S. Padrón, and Sonia I. Seneviratne
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 2153–2177, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2153-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2153-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We present a new database of four annual fire weather indicators over 1850–2100 and over all land areas. In a 3°C warmer world with respect to preindustrial times, the mean fire weather would increase on average by at least 66% in both intensity and duration and even triple for 1-in-10-year events. The dataset is a freely available resource for fire danger studies and beyond, highlighting that the best course of action would require limiting global warming as much as possible.
Beatriz P. Cazorla, Javier Cabello, Andrés Reyes, Emilio Guirado, Julio Peñas, Antonio J. Pérez-Luque, and Domingo Alcaraz-Segura
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 1871–1887, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-1871-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-1871-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This dataset provides scientists, environmental managers, and the public in general with valuable information on the first characterization of ecosystem functional diversity based on primary production developed in the Sierra Nevada (Spain), a biodiversity hotspot in the Mediterranean basin and an exceptional natural laboratory for ecological research within the Long-Term Social-Ecological Research (LTSER) network.
Shengli Tao, Zurui Ao, Jean-Pierre Wigneron, Sassan Saatchi, Philippe Ciais, Jérôme Chave, Thuy Le Toan, Pierre-Louis Frison, Xiaomei Hu, Chi Chen, Lei Fan, Mengjia Wang, Jiangling Zhu, Xia Zhao, Xiaojun Li, Xiangzhuo Liu, Yanjun Su, Tianyu Hu, Qinghua Guo, Zhiheng Wang, Zhiyao Tang, Yi Y. Liu, and Jingyun Fang
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 1577–1596, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-1577-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-1577-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We provide the first long-term (since 1992), high-resolution (8.9 km) satellite radar backscatter data set (LHScat) with a C-band (5.3 GHz) signal dynamic for global lands. LHScat was created by fusing signals from ERS (1992–2001; C-band), QSCAT (1999–2009; Ku-band), and ASCAT (since 2007; C-band). LHScat has been validated against independent ERS-2 signals. It could be used in a variety of studies, such as vegetation monitoring and hydrological modelling.
Jose V. Moris, Pedro Álvarez-Álvarez, Marco Conedera, Annalie Dorph, Thomas D. Hessilt, Hugh G. P. Hunt, Renata Libonati, Lucas S. Menezes, Mortimer M. Müller, Francisco J. Pérez-Invernón, Gianni B. Pezzatti, Nicolau Pineda, Rebecca C. Scholten, Sander Veraverbeke, B. Mike Wotton, and Davide Ascoli
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 1151–1163, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-1151-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-1151-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This work describes a database on holdover times of lightning-ignited wildfires (LIWs). Holdover time is defined as the time between lightning-induced fire ignition and fire detection. The database contains 42 datasets built with data on more than 152 375 LIWs from 13 countries in five continents from 1921 to 2020. This database is the first freely-available, harmonized and ready-to-use global source of holdover time data, which may be used to investigate LIWs and model the holdover phenomenon.
Brendan Byrne, David F. Baker, Sourish Basu, Michael Bertolacci, Kevin W. Bowman, Dustin Carroll, Abhishek Chatterjee, Frédéric Chevallier, Philippe Ciais, Noel Cressie, David Crisp, Sean Crowell, Feng Deng, Zhu Deng, Nicholas M. Deutscher, Manvendra K. Dubey, Sha Feng, Omaira E. García, David W. T. Griffith, Benedikt Herkommer, Lei Hu, Andrew R. Jacobson, Rajesh Janardanan, Sujong Jeong, Matthew S. Johnson, Dylan B. A. Jones, Rigel Kivi, Junjie Liu, Zhiqiang Liu, Shamil Maksyutov, John B. Miller, Scot M. Miller, Isamu Morino, Justus Notholt, Tomohiro Oda, Christopher W. O'Dell, Young-Suk Oh, Hirofumi Ohyama, Prabir K. Patra, Hélène Peiro, Christof Petri, Sajeev Philip, David F. Pollard, Benjamin Poulter, Marine Remaud, Andrew Schuh, Mahesh K. Sha, Kei Shiomi, Kimberly Strong, Colm Sweeney, Yao Té, Hanqin Tian, Voltaire A. Velazco, Mihalis Vrekoussis, Thorsten Warneke, John R. Worden, Debra Wunch, Yuanzhi Yao, Jeongmin Yun, Andrew Zammit-Mangion, and Ning Zeng
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 963–1004, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-963-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-963-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Changes in the carbon stocks of terrestrial ecosystems result in emissions and removals of CO2. These can be driven by anthropogenic activities (e.g., deforestation), natural processes (e.g., fires) or in response to rising CO2 (e.g., CO2 fertilization). This paper describes a dataset of CO2 emissions and removals derived from atmospheric CO2 observations. This pilot dataset informs current capabilities and future developments towards top-down monitoring and verification systems.
Simeon Lisovski, Alexandra Runge, Iuliia Shevtsova, Nele Landgraf, Anne Morgenstern, Ronald Reagan Okoth, Matthias Fuchs, Nikolay Lashchinskiy, Carl Stadie, Alison Beamish, Ulrike Herzschuh, Guido Grosse, and Birgit Heim
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2023-36, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2023-36, 2023
Revised manuscript accepted for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
The Lena Delta is the largest river delta in the Arctic, and represents a biodiversity hotspot. Here, we describe multiple field datasets and a detailed habitat classification map for the Lena Delta. We present context and methods of these openly available datasets and show how they can improve our understanding of the rapidly changing Arctic tundra system.
Nicholas A. Beresford, Sergii Gashchak, Michael D. Wood, and Catherine L. Barnett
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 911–920, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-911-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-911-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Camera traps were established in a highly contaminated area of the Chornobyl Exclusion Zone (CEZ) to capture images of mammals. Over 1 year, 14 mammal species were recorded. The number of species observed did not vary with estimated radiation exposure. The data will be of value from the perspectives of effects of radiation on wildlife and also rewilding in this large, abandoned area. They may also have value in future studies investigating impacts of recent Russian military action in the CEZ.
Yongzhe Chen, Xiaoming Feng, Bojie Fu, Haozhi Ma, Constantin M. Zohner, Thomas W. Crowther, Yuanyuan Huang, Xutong Wu, and Fangli Wei
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 897–910, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-897-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-897-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study presented a long-term (2002–2021) above- and belowground biomass dataset for woody vegetation in China at 1 km resolution. It was produced by combining various types of remote sensing observations with adequate plot measurements. Over 2002–2021, China’s woody biomass increased at a high rate, especially in the central and southern parts. This dataset can be applied to evaluate forest carbon sinks across China and the efficiency of ecological restoration programs in China.
Ricardo Dalagnol, Lênio Soares Galvão, Fabien Hubert Wagner, Yhasmin Mendes de Moura, Nathan Gonçalves, Yujie Wang, Alexei Lyapustin, Yan Yang, Sassan Saatchi, and Luiz Eduardo Oliveira Cruz Aragão
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 345–358, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-345-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-345-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The AnisoVeg dataset brings 22 years of monthly satellite data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensor for South America at 1 km resolution aimed at vegetation applications. It has nadir-normalized data, which is the most traditional approach to correct satellite data but also unique anisotropy data with strong biophysical meaning, explaining 55 % of Amazon forest height. We expect this dataset to help large-scale estimates of vegetation biomass and carbon.
Yili Jin, Haoyan Wang, Jie Xia, Jian Ni, Kai Li, Ying Hou, Jing Hu, Linfeng Wei, Kai Wu, Haojun Xia, and Borui Zhou
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 25–39, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-25-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-25-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The TiP-Leaf dataset was compiled from direct field measurements and included 11 leaf traits from 468 species of 1692 individuals, covering a great proportion of species and vegetation types on the highest plateau in the world. This work is the first plant trait dataset that represents all of the alpine vegetation on the TP, which is not only an update of the Chinese plant trait database, but also a great contribution to the global trait database.
Timon Miesner, Ulrike Herzschuh, Luidmila A. Pestryakova, Mareike Wieczorek, Evgenii S. Zakharov, Alexei I. Kolmogorov, Paraskovya V. Davydova, and Stefan Kruse
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 5695–5716, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-5695-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-5695-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We present data which were collected on expeditions to the northeast of the Russian Federation. One table describes the 226 locations we visited during those expeditions, and the other describes 40 289 trees which we recorded at these locations. We found out that important information on the forest cannot be predicted precisely from satellites. Thus, for anyone interested in distant forests, it is important to go to there and take measurements or use data (as presented here).
Philipp Brun, Niklaus E. Zimmermann, Chantal Hari, Loïc Pellissier, and Dirk Nikolaus Karger
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 5573–5603, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-5573-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-5573-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Using mechanistic downscaling, we developed CHELSA-BIOCLIM+, a set of 15 biologically relevant, climate-related variables at unprecedented resolution, as a basis for environmental analyses. It includes monthly time series for 38+ years and 30-year averages for three future periods and three emission scenarios. Estimates matched well with station measurements, but few biases existed. The data allow for detailed assessments of climate-change impact on ecosystems and their services to societies.
Shaoyang He, Yongqiang Zhang, Ning Ma, Jing Tian, Dongdong Kong, and Changming Liu
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 5463–5488, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-5463-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-5463-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study developed a daily, 500 m evapotranspiration and gross primary production product (PML-V2(China)) using a locally calibrated water–carbon coupled model, PML-V2, which was well calibrated against observations at 26 flux sites across nine land cover types. PML-V2 (China) performs satisfactorily in the plot- and basin-scale evaluations compared with other mainstream products. It improved intra-annual ET and GPP dynamics, particularly in the cropland ecosystem.
Cited articles
Aguilar, E., Auer, I., Brunet, M., Peterson, T. C., and Wieringa, J.:
Guidelines on climate metadata and homogenization, WMO/TD No. 1186, Geneva,
Switzerland, 2003.
Ahrends, H., Haseneder-Lind, R., Schween, J., Crewell, S., Stadler, A., and
Rascher, U.: Diurnal Dynamics of Wheat Evapotranspiration Derived from
Ground-Based Thermal Imagery, Remote Sens., 6, 9775–9801,
https://doi.org/10.3390/rs6109775, 2014.
Ali, M., Montzka, C., Stadler, A., Menz, G., Thonfeld, F., and Vereecken, H.:
Estimation and Validation of RapidEye-Based Time-Series of Leaf Area Index
for Winter Wheat in the Rur Catchment (Germany), Remote Sens., 7,
2808–2831, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs70302808, 2015.
Auer, I., Böhm, R., Jurković, A., Orlik, A., Potzmann, R.,
Schöner, W., Ungersböck, M., Brunetti, M., Nanni, T., Maugeri, M.,
Briffa, K., Jones, P., Efthymiadis, D., Mestre, O., Moisselin, J.-M.,
Begert, M., Brazdil, R., Bochnicek, O., Cegnar, T., Gajić-Čapka, M.,
Zaninović, K., Majstorović, Ž., Szalai, S., Szentimrey, T., and
Mercalli, L.: A new instrumental precipitation dataset for the greater
alpine region for the period 1800–2002: Precipitation Dataset: European
Greater Alpine Region, Int. J. Climatol., 25, 139–166,
https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.1135, 2005.
Beaulieu, C., Seidou, O., Ouarda, T. B. M. J., Zhang, X., Boulet, G., and
Yagouti, A.: Intercomparison of homogenization techniques for precipitation
data: Homogenization of Precipitation, Water Resour. Res., 44, W02425,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2006WR005615, 2008.
Beaulieu, C., Seidou, O., Ouarda, T. B. M. J., and Zhang, X.: Intercomparison
of homogenization techniques for precipitation data continued: Comparison of
two recent Bayesian change point models: Homogenization with Bayesian Change
Point, Water Resour. Res., 45, W08410, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008WR007501, 2009.
Beckers, J. M. and Rixen, M.: EOF Calculations and Data Filling from
Incomplete Oceanographic Datasets, J. Atmos. Ocean. Tech., 20,
1839–1856, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0426(2003)020<1839:ECADFF>
2.0.CO;2, 2003.
Bogena, H. R.: TERENO: German network of terrestrial environmental
observatories, J. Large-Scale Res. Facil. JLSRF, 2, A52, https://doi.org/10.17815/jlsrf-2-98,
2016.
Bornemann, L., Herbst, M., Welp, G., Vereecken, H., and Amelung, W.: Rock
Fragments Control Size and Saturation of Organic Carbon Pools in
Agricultural Topsoil, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 75, 1898,
https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2010.0454, 2011.
Brandsma, T. and Können, G. P.: Application of nearest-neighbor
resampling for homogenizing temperature records on a daily to sub-daily
level, Int. J. Climatol., 26, 75–89, https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.1236, 2006.
Brogi, C., Huisman, J. A., Pätzold, S., von Hebel, C., Weihermüller,
L., Kaufmann, M. S., van der Kruk, J., and Vereecken, H.: Large-scale soil
mapping using multi-configuration EMI and supervised image classification,
Geoderma, 335, 133–148, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2018.08.001, 2019.
Brogi, C., Huisman, J. A., Herbst, M., Weihermüller, L., Klosterhalfen,
A., Montzka, C., Reichenau, T. G., and Vereecken, H.: Simulation of spatial
variability in crop leaf area index and yield using agroecosystem modeling
and geophysics-based quantitative soil information, Vadose Zone J., 19, e20009,
https://doi.org/10.1002/vzj2.20009, 2020.
Busch, S., van der Kruk, J., and Vereecken, H.: Improved Characterization of
Fine-Texture Soils Using On-Ground GPR Full-Waveform Inversion, IEEE T.
Geosci. Remote, 52, 3947–3958, https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2013.2278297,
2014.
Della-Marta, P. M. and Wanner, H.: A Method of Homogenizing the Extremes and
Mean of Daily Temperature Measurements, J. Clim., 19, 4179–4197,
https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI3855.1, 2006.
Dengel, S., Graf, A., Grünwald, T., Hehn, M., Kolari, P., Löfvenius,
M. O., Merbold, L., Nicolini, G., and Pavelka, M.: Standardized precipitation
measurements within ICOS: rain, snowfall and snow depth: a review, Int.
Agrophys., 32, 607–617, https://doi.org/10.1515/intag-2017-0046, 2018.
Domonkos, P. and Coll, J.: Homogenisation of temperature and precipitation
time series with ACMANT3: method description and efficiency tests:
Homogenisation of time series with ACMANT3, Int. J. Climatol., 37,
1910–1921, https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.4822, 2017.
Eder, F., Schmidt, M., Damian, T., Träumner, K., and Mauder, M.:
Mesoscale Eddies Affect Near-Surface Turbulent Exchange: Evidence from Lidar
and Tower Measurements, J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol., 54, 189–206,
https://doi.org/10.1175/JAMC-D-14-0140.1, 2015.
Graf, A.: Gap-filling meteorological variables with Empirical Orthogonal
Functions, Geophys. Res. Abstr.,no. 19, 2017.
Graf, A., Prolingheuer, N., Schickling, A., Schmidt, M., Schneider, K.,
Schüttemeyer, D., Herbst, M., Huisman, J. A., Weihermüller, L.,
Scharnagl, B., Steenpass, C., Harms, R., and Vereecken, H.: Temporal
Downscaling of Soil Carbon Dioxide Efflux Measurements Based on Time-Stable
Spatial Patterns, Vadose Zone J., 10, 239–251, https://doi.org/10.2136/vzj2009.0152,
2011.
Graf, A., Herbst, M., Weihermüller, L., Huisman, J. A., Prolingheuer,
N., Bornemann, L., and Vereecken, H.: Analyzing spatiotemporal variability of
heterotrophic soil respiration at the field scale using orthogonal
functions, Geoderma, 181–182, 91–101, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2012.02.016,
2012.
Heitmann-Weber, B., Mittelstaedt, W., and Fuhr, F.: The degradation of
anilazine and dihydroxy-anilazine at various soil depths of an orthic
luvisol, J. Environ. Sci. Health Pt. B, 29, 247–264,
https://doi.org/10.1080/03601239409372878, 1994.
Hoffmeister, D., Waldhoff, G., Korres, W., Curdt, C., and Bareth, G.: Crop
height variability detection in a single field by multi-temporal terrestrial
laser scanning, Precis. Agric., 17, 296–312,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11119-015-9420-y, 2016.
IUSS Working Group WRB: World Reference Base for Soil Resources 2014, FAO, Rome, Italy, 2015.
Jakobi, J., Huisman, J. A., Schrön, M., Fiedler, J., Brogi, C.,
Vereecken, H., and Bogena, H. R.: Error Estimation for Soil Moisture
Measurements With Cosmic Ray Neutron Sensing and Implications for Rover
Surveys, Front. Water, 2, 10, https://doi.org/10.3389/frwa.2020.00010, 2020.
Jones, J. W., Antle, J. M., Basso, B., Boote, K. J., Conant, R. T., Foster, I., Godfray,
H. C. J., Herrero, M., Howitt, R. E., Janssen, S., Keating, B. A.,
Munoz-Carpena, R., Porter, C. H., Rosenzweig, C., and Wheeler, T. R.: Toward
a new generation of agricultural system data, models, and knowledge
products: State of agricultural systems science, Agric. Syst., 155,
269–288, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2016.09.021, 2017.
Kalis, A. J.: Die menschliche Beeinflussung der Vegetationsverhältnisse
auf der Aldenhovener Platte (Rheinland) während der vergangenen 2000
Jahre, in Archäologie in den rheinischen Lößbörden:
Beiträge zur Siedlungsgeschichte im Rheinland, vol. 24,
Rheinland-Verlag, Köln, 1983.
Kersebaum, K. C., Boote, K. J., Jorgenson, J. S., Nendel, C., Bindi, M.,
Frühauf, C., Gaiser, T., Hoogenboom, G., Kollas, C., Olesen, J. E.,
Rötter, R. P., Ruget, F., Thorburn, P. J., Trnka, M., and Wegehenkel, M.:
Analysis and classification of data sets for calibration and validation of
agro-ecosystem models, Environ. Model. Softw., 72, 402–417,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2015.05.009, 2015.
Klosterhalfen, A., Herbst, M., Weihermüller, L., Graf, A., Schmidt, M.,
Stadler, A., Schneider, K., Subke, J.-A., Huisman, J. A., and Vereecken, H.:
Multi-site calibration and validation of a net ecosystem carbon exchange
model for croplands, Ecol. Model., 363, 137–156,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2017.07.028, 2017.
Korres, W., Koyama, C. N., Fiener, P., and Schneider, K.: Analysis of surface soil moisture patterns in agricultural landscapes using Empirical Orthogonal Functions, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 14, 751–764, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-14-751-2010, 2010.
Korres, W., Reichenau, T. G., and Schneider, K.: Patterns and scaling
properties of surface soil moisture in an agricultural landscape: An
ecohydrological modeling study, J. Hydrol., 498, 89–102, 2013.
Kuglitsch, F. G., Toreti, A., Xoplaki, E., Della-Marta, P. M., Luterbacher,
J., and Wanner, H.: Homogenization of daily maximum temperature series in the
Mediterranean, J. Geophys. Res., 114, D15108, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JD011606, 2009.
Mauder, M. and Foken, T.: Documentation and Instruction Manual of the
Eddy-Covariance Software Package TK3, Universität Bayreuth, Abt.
Mikrometeorologie, Bayreuth, 2011.
Mauder, M., Cuntz, M., Drüe, C., Graf, A., Rebmann, C., Schmid, H. P.,
Schmidt, M., and Steinbrecher, R.: A strategy for quality and uncertainty
assessment of long-term eddy-covariance measurements, Agr. Forest Meteorol.,
169, 122–135, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2012.09.006, 2013.
Meier, U., Bleiholder, H., Buhr, L., Feller, C., Hack, H., Heß, M.,
Lancashire, P. D., Schnock, U., Stauß, R., van den Boom, T., Weber, E.,
and Zwerger, P.: The BBCH system to coding the phenological growth stages of
plants – history and publications, J. Cultiv. Plants, 61, 41–52,
2009.
Mestre, O., Gruber, C., Prieur, C., Caussinus, H., and Jourdain, S.:
SPLIDHOM: A Method for Homogenization of Daily Temperature Observations, J.
Appl. Meteorol. Climatol., 50, 2343–2358, https://doi.org/10.1175/2011JAMC2641.1,
2011.
Meyer, N., Bornemann, L., Welp, G., Schiedung, H., Herbst, M., and Amelung,
W.: Carbon saturation drives spatial patterns of soil organic matter losses
under long-term bare fallow, Geoderma, 306, 89–98,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2017.07.004, 2017.
Moore, C. J.: Frequency response corrections for eddy correlation systems, Bound.-Lay. Meteorol., 37, 17–35, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00122754, 1986.
Nemes, A., Wosten, J. H. M., Lilly, A., and Voshaar, J. H. O.: Evaluation of
different procedures to interpolate particle-size distributions to achieve
compatibility within soil databases, Geoderma, 90, 187–202, 1999.
Ney, P. and Graf, A.: High-Resolution Vertical Profile Measurements for
Carbon Dioxide and Water Vapour Concentrations Within and Above Crop
Canopies, Bound.-Lay. Meteorol., 166, 449–473,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10546-017-0316-4, 2018.
Prolingheuer, N., Scharnagl, B., Graf, A., Vereecken, H., and Herbst, M.: On
the spatial variation of soil rhizospheric and heterotrophic respiration in
a winter wheat stand, Agr. Forest Meteorol., 195–196, 24–31,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2014.04.016, 2014.
Pütz, T.: Lysimeterversuche zum Verlagerungsverhalten von
Methabenzthiazuron und gelöstem organischen Kohlenstoff in einer
Parabraunerde, Aufbau von zwei Klimameßstationen und Untersuchungen zur
Validierung des Lysimetersystems, Forschungszentrum Zentralbibliothek,
Jülich, available at:
http://gso.gbv.de/DB=2.1/PPNSET?PPN=152374191 (last access: 7 March 2019), 1993.
R Core Team: R, R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria,
2017.
Reichenau, T. G., Korres, W., Montzka, C., Fiener, P., Wilken, F., Stadler,
A., Waldhoff, G., and Schneider, K.: Spatial Heterogeneity of Leaf Area Index
(LAI) and Its Temporal Course on Arable Land: Combining Field Measurements,
Remote Sensing and Simulation in a Comprehensive Data Analysis Approach
(CDAA), PLOS ONE, 11, e0158451,
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0158451, 2016.
Reichenau, T. G., Korres, W., Schmidt, M., Graf, A., Welp, G., Meyer, N.,
Stadler, A., Brogi, C. and Schneider, K.: A comprehensive dataset of
vegetation states, fluxes of matter and energy, weather, agricultural
management, and soil properties from intensively monitored crop sites in
Western Germany, https://doi.org/10.5880/TR32DB.39, 2020.
Sakai, T., Iizumi, T., Okada, M., Nishimori, M., Grünwald, T., Prueger,
J., Cescatti, A., Korres, W., Schmidt, M., Carrara, A., Loubet, B., and
Ceschia, E.: Varying applicability of four different satellite-derived soil
moisture products to global gridded crop model evaluation, Int. J. Appl.
Earth Obs. Geoinf., 48, 51–60, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2015.09.011, 2016.
Schad, P., Krasilnikov, P. V., and Arnold, R.: German Soil Classification, in:
A handbook of soil terminology, correlation and classification, edited by: Krasilnikov, P.
V., Ibáñez Martí, J. J., Arnold, R., and Shoba, S.,
Earthscan, London, Sterling, VA, 122–130, 2009.
Schiedung, H., Bornemann, L., and Welp, G.: Seasonal Variability of Soil
Organic Carbon Fractions Under Arable Land, Pedosphere, 27, 380–386,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S1002-0160(17)60326-6, 2017.
Schmidt, M., Reichenau, T. G., Fiener, P., and Schneider, K.: The carbon
budget of a winter wheat field: An eddy covariance analysis of seasonal and
inter-annual variability, Agr. Forest Meteorol., 165, 114–126,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2012.05.012, 2012.
Schotanus, P., Nieuwstadt, F. T. M., and De Bruin, H. A. R.: Temperature measurement with a sonic anemometer and its application to heat and moisture fluxes, Bound.-Lay. Meteorol., 26, 81–93, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00164332, 1983.
Schulz, E.: Influence of site conditions and management on different soil
organic matter (som) pools, Arch. Agron. Soil Sci., 50, 33–47,
https://doi.org/10.1080/03650340310001627577, 2004.
Simmer, C., Thiele-Eich, I., Masbou, M., Amelung, W., Bogena, H., Crewell,
S., Diekkrüger, B., Ewert, F., Hendricks Franssen, H.-J., Huisman, J.
A., Kemna, A., Klitzsch, N., Kollet, S., Langensiepen, M., Löhnert, U.,
Rahman, A. S. M. M., Rascher, U., Schneider, K., Schween, J., Shao, Y.,
Shrestha, P., Stiebler, M., Sulis, M., Vanderborght, J., Vereecken, H., van
der Kruk, J., Waldhoff, G., and Zerenner, T.: Monitoring and Modeling the
Terrestrial System from Pores to Catchments, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc.,
96, 1765–1787, https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-13-00134.1, 2015.
Trewin, B.: A daily homogenized temperature data set for Australia, Int. J.
Climatol., 33, 1510–1529, https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.3530, 2013.
Van Dijk, A., Moene, A. F., and De Bruin, H. A. R.: The principles of surface
flux physics: theory, practice and description of the ECPACK library,
Meteorology and Air Quality Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen,
the Netherlands, 2004.
Venema, V. K. C., Mestre, O., Aguilar, E., Auer, I., Guijarro, J. A., Domonkos, P., Vertacnik, G., Szentimrey, T., Stepanek, P., Zahradnicek, P., Viarre, J., Müller-Westermeier, G., Lakatos, M., Williams, C. N., Menne, M. J., Lindau, R., Rasol, D., Rustemeier, E., Kolokythas, K., Marinova, T., Andresen, L., Acquaotta, F., Fratianni, S., Cheval, S., Klancar, M., Brunetti, M., Gruber, C., Prohom Duran, M., Likso, T., Esteban, P., and Brandsma, T.: Benchmarking homogenization algorithms for monthly data, Clim. Past, 8, 89–115, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-89-2012, 2012.
Vereecken, H., Kollet, S., and Simmer, C.: Patterns in
Soil–Vegetation–Atmosphere Systems: Monitoring, Modeling, and Data
Assimilation, Vadose Zone J., 9, 821–827, https://doi.org/10.2136/vzj2010.0122, 2010.
Vincent, L. A., Zhang, X., Bonsal, B. R., and Hogg, W. D.: Homogenization of
Daily Temperatures over Canada, J. Clim., 15, 1322–1334,
https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(2002)015<1322:HODTOC>2.0.CO;2,
2002.
von Hebel, C., Matveeva, M., Verweij, E., Rademske, P., Kaufmann, M. S.,
Brogi, C., Vereecken, H., Rascher, U., and van der Kruk, J.: Understanding
Soil and Plant Interaction by Combining Ground-Based Quantitative
Electromagnetic Induction and Airborne Hyperspectral Data, Geophys. Res.
Lett., 45, 7571–7579, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GL078658, 2018.
Webb, E. K., Pearman, G. I., and Leuning, R.: Correction of flux measurements for density effects due to heat and water vapour transfer, Q. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 106, 85–100, https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.49710644707, 1980.
Webster, R.: Regression and functional relations, Eur. J. Soil Sci., 48,
557–566, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2389.1997.tb00222.x, 1997.
Wieneke, S., Burkart, A., Cendrero-Mateo, M. P., Julitta, T., Rossini, M.,
Schickling, A., Schmidt, M., and Rascher, U.: Linking photosynthesis and
sun-induced fluorescence at sub-daily to seasonal scales, Remote Sens.
Environ., 219, 247–258, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2018.10.019, 2018.
Wijngaard, J. B., Klein Tank, A. M. G., and Können, G. P.: Homogeneity of
20th century European daily temperature and precipitation series:
Homogeneity of European Climate Series, Int. J. Climatol., 23, 679–692,
https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.906, 2003.
Zeileis, A. and Grothendieck, G.: zoo: S3 Infrastructure for Regular and
Irregular Time Series, J. Stat. Softw., 14, 6, https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v014.i06,
2005.
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint