Articles | Volume 10, issue 4
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-2123-2018
© Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-2123-2018
© Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Brief communication
| 
30 Nov 2018
Brief communication |
| 30 Nov 2018
| 30 Nov 2018
OCTOPUS: an open cosmogenic isotope and luminescence database
Alexandru T. Codilean
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
GeoQuEST Research Centre, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong NSW 2522, Australia
ARC Centre of Excellence for Australian Biodiversity and Heritage, University of Wollongong, Wollongong NSW 2522, Australia
Henry Munack
GeoQuEST Research Centre, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong NSW 2522, Australia
Research Institute for Post-Mining Landscapes (FIB), Finsterwalde 03238, Germany
Timothy J. Cohen
GeoQuEST Research Centre, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong NSW 2522, Australia
ARC Centre of Excellence for Australian Biodiversity and Heritage, University of Wollongong, Wollongong NSW 2522, Australia
Wanchese M. Saktura
GeoQuEST Research Centre, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong NSW 2522, Australia
Andrew Gray
Information Technology Services, University of Wollongong, Wollongong NSW 2522, Australia
Simon M. Mudd
School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XP, UK
Related authors
Christopher T. Halsted, Paul R. Bierman, Alexandru T. Codilean, Lee B. Corbett, and Marc W. Caffee
Geochronology, 7, 213–228, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-7-213-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-7-213-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Sediment generation on hillslopes and transport through river networks are complex processes that influence landscape evolution. In this study, we compiled sand from 766 river basins and measured its subtle radioactivity to unravel timelines of sediment routing around the world. With these data, we empirically confirm that sediment from large lowland basins in tectonically stable regions typically experiences long periods of burial, while sediment moves rapidly through small upland basins.
Emma Rehn, Haidee Cadd, Scott Mooney, Tim J. Cohen, Henry Munack, Alexandru T. Codilean, Matthew Adeleye, Kristen K. Beck, Mark Constantine IV, Chris Gouramanis, Johanna M. Hanson, Penelope J. Jones, A. Peter Kershaw, Lydia Mackenzie, Maame Maisie, Michela Mariani, Kia Matley, David McWethy, Keely Mills, Patrick Moss, Nicholas R. Patton, Cassandra Rowe, Janelle Stevenson, John Tibby, and Janet Wilmshurst
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 17, 2681–2692, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-2681-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-2681-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents SahulCHAR, a new collection of palaeofire (ancient fire) records from Australia, New Guinea, and New Zealand. SahulCHAR version 1 contains 687 records of sedimentary charcoal or black carbon, including digitized data, records from existing databases, and original author-submitted data. SahulCHAR is a much-needed update to past charcoal compilations that will also provide greater representation of records from this region in future global syntheses to understand past fire.
Alexandru T. Codilean and Henry Munack
Geochronology, 7, 113–122, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-7-113-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-7-113-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
OCTOPUS v2.3 updates CRN Denudation, adding 1311 new river basins to the CRN Global and CRN Australia collections, totalling 5611 basins with recalculated beryllium-10 denudation rates and 561 with aluminium-26 rates. New fields include basin centroid latitude, effective atmospheric pressure, glacier extent, and quartz-bearing lithology percentages, improving data quality and interoperability with online erosion calculators.
Alexandru T. Codilean, Henry Munack, Wanchese M. Saktura, Tim J. Cohen, Zenobia Jacobs, Sean Ulm, Paul P. Hesse, Jakob Heyman, Katharina J. Peters, Alan N. Williams, Rosaria B. K. Saktura, Xue Rui, Kai Chishiro-Dennelly, and Adhish Panta
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 3695–3713, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-3695-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-3695-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
OCTOPUS v.2 is a web-enabled database that allows users to visualise, query, and download cosmogenic radionuclide, luminescence, and radiocarbon ages and denudation rates associated with erosional landscapes, Quaternary depositional landforms, and archaeological records, along with ancillary geospatial data layers. OCTOPUS v.2 hosts five major data collections. Supporting data are comprehensive and include bibliographic, contextual, and sample-preparation- and measurement-related information.
Klaus M. Wilcken, Alexandru T. Codilean, Réka-H. Fülöp, Steven Kotevski, Anna H. Rood, Dylan H. Rood, Alexander J. Seal, and Krista Simon
Geochronology, 4, 339–352, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-4-339-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-4-339-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Cosmogenic nuclides are now widely applied in the Earth sciences; however, more recent applications often push the analytical limits of the technique. Our study presents a comprehensive method for analysis of cosmogenic 10Be and 26Al samples down to isotope concentrations of a few thousand atoms per gram of sample, which opens the door to new and more varied applications of cosmogenic nuclide analysis.
Martin Struck, John D. Jansen, Toshiyuki Fujioka, Alexandru T. Codilean, David Fink, Réka-Hajnalka Fülöp, Klaus M. Wilcken, David M. Price, Steven Kotevski, L. Keith Fifield, and John Chappell
Earth Surf. Dynam., 6, 329–349, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-6-329-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-6-329-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Measurements of cosmogenic nuclides 10Be and 26Al in sediment along central Australian streams show that lithologically controlled magnitudes of source-area erosion rates (0.2–11 m Myr-1) are preserved downstream despite sediment mixing. Conversely, downstream-increasing sediment burial signals (> 400 kyr) indicate sediment incorporation from adjacent, long-exposed storages, which, combined with low sediment supply and discontinuous flux, likely favours source-area 10Be–26Al signal masking.
J. K. Willenbring, A. T. Codilean, K. L. Ferrier, B. McElroy, and J. W. Kirchner
Earth Surf. Dynam. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/esurfd-2-1-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurfd-2-1-2014, 2014
Revised manuscript has not been submitted
Christopher T. Halsted, Paul R. Bierman, Alexandru T. Codilean, Lee B. Corbett, and Marc W. Caffee
Geochronology, 7, 213–228, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-7-213-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-7-213-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Sediment generation on hillslopes and transport through river networks are complex processes that influence landscape evolution. In this study, we compiled sand from 766 river basins and measured its subtle radioactivity to unravel timelines of sediment routing around the world. With these data, we empirically confirm that sediment from large lowland basins in tectonically stable regions typically experiences long periods of burial, while sediment moves rapidly through small upland basins.
Emma Rehn, Haidee Cadd, Scott Mooney, Tim J. Cohen, Henry Munack, Alexandru T. Codilean, Matthew Adeleye, Kristen K. Beck, Mark Constantine IV, Chris Gouramanis, Johanna M. Hanson, Penelope J. Jones, A. Peter Kershaw, Lydia Mackenzie, Maame Maisie, Michela Mariani, Kia Matley, David McWethy, Keely Mills, Patrick Moss, Nicholas R. Patton, Cassandra Rowe, Janelle Stevenson, John Tibby, and Janet Wilmshurst
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 17, 2681–2692, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-2681-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-2681-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents SahulCHAR, a new collection of palaeofire (ancient fire) records from Australia, New Guinea, and New Zealand. SahulCHAR version 1 contains 687 records of sedimentary charcoal or black carbon, including digitized data, records from existing databases, and original author-submitted data. SahulCHAR is a much-needed update to past charcoal compilations that will also provide greater representation of records from this region in future global syntheses to understand past fire.
Alexandru T. Codilean and Henry Munack
Geochronology, 7, 113–122, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-7-113-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-7-113-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
OCTOPUS v2.3 updates CRN Denudation, adding 1311 new river basins to the CRN Global and CRN Australia collections, totalling 5611 basins with recalculated beryllium-10 denudation rates and 561 with aluminium-26 rates. New fields include basin centroid latitude, effective atmospheric pressure, glacier extent, and quartz-bearing lithology percentages, improving data quality and interoperability with online erosion calculators.
Anya H. Towers, Mikael Attal, Simon M. Mudd, and Fiona J. Clubb
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3084, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3084, 2024
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We explore controls on channel sediment characteristics in post-glacial landscapes. In contrast to other studies that have focused on landscapes with little glacial influence, we find no apparent controls. We propose that Scotland's post-glacial legacy drives the lack of sedimentological trends, and that changes in landscape morphology and sediment sources caused by glacial processes lead to a complete decoupling between fluvial sediment grain size and environmental variables.
Prakash Pokhrel, Mikael Attal, Hugh D. Sinclair, Simon M. Mudd, and Mark Naylor
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 515–536, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-515-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-515-2024, 2024
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Pebbles become increasingly rounded during downstream transport in rivers due to abrasion. This study quantifies pebble roundness along the length of two Himalayan rivers. We demonstrate that roundness increases with downstream distance and that the rates are dependent on rock type. We apply this to reconstructing travel distances and hence the size of ancient Himalaya. Results show that the ancient river network was larger than the modern one, indicating that there has been river capture.
Alexandru T. Codilean, Henry Munack, Wanchese M. Saktura, Tim J. Cohen, Zenobia Jacobs, Sean Ulm, Paul P. Hesse, Jakob Heyman, Katharina J. Peters, Alan N. Williams, Rosaria B. K. Saktura, Xue Rui, Kai Chishiro-Dennelly, and Adhish Panta
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 3695–3713, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-3695-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-3695-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
OCTOPUS v.2 is a web-enabled database that allows users to visualise, query, and download cosmogenic radionuclide, luminescence, and radiocarbon ages and denudation rates associated with erosional landscapes, Quaternary depositional landforms, and archaeological records, along with ancillary geospatial data layers. OCTOPUS v.2 hosts five major data collections. Supporting data are comprehensive and include bibliographic, contextual, and sample-preparation- and measurement-related information.
Klaus M. Wilcken, Alexandru T. Codilean, Réka-H. Fülöp, Steven Kotevski, Anna H. Rood, Dylan H. Rood, Alexander J. Seal, and Krista Simon
Geochronology, 4, 339–352, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-4-339-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-4-339-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Cosmogenic nuclides are now widely applied in the Earth sciences; however, more recent applications often push the analytical limits of the technique. Our study presents a comprehensive method for analysis of cosmogenic 10Be and 26Al samples down to isotope concentrations of a few thousand atoms per gram of sample, which opens the door to new and more varied applications of cosmogenic nuclide analysis.
Fiona J. Clubb, Eliot F. Weir, and Simon M. Mudd
Earth Surf. Dynam., 10, 437–456, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-437-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-437-2022, 2022
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River valleys are important components of mountain systems: they are the most fertile part of landscapes and store sediment which is transported from mountains to surrounding basins. Our knowledge of the location and shape of valleys is hindered by our ability to measure them over large areas. We present a new method for measuring the width of mountain valleys continuously along river channels from digital topography and show that our method can be used to test common models of river widening.
Daniel L. Evans, John N. Quinton, Andrew M. Tye, Ángel Rodés, Jessica A. C. Davies, Simon M. Mudd, and Timothy A. Quine
SOIL, 5, 253–263, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-5-253-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-5-253-2019, 2019
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Policy to conserve thinning arable soils relies on a balance between the rates of soil erosion and soil formation. Our knowledge of the latter is meagre. Here, we present soil formation rates for an arable hillslope, the first of their kind globally, and a woodland hillslope, the first of their kind in Europe. Rates range between 26 and 96 mm kyr−1. On the arable site, erosion rates are 2 orders of magnitude greater, and in a worst-case scenario, bedrock exposure could occur in 212 years.
Boris Gailleton, Simon M. Mudd, Fiona J. Clubb, Daniel Peifer, and Martin D. Hurst
Earth Surf. Dynam., 7, 211–230, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-7-211-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-7-211-2019, 2019
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The shape of landscapes is influenced by climate changes, faulting or the nature of the rocks under the surface. One of the most sensitive parts of the landscape to these changes is the river system that eventually adapts to such changes by adapting its slope, the most extreme example being a waterfall. We here present an algorithm that extracts changes in river slope over large areas from satellite data with the aim of investigating climatic, tectonic or geologic changes in the landscape.
Simon M. Mudd, Fiona J. Clubb, Boris Gailleton, and Martin D. Hurst
Earth Surf. Dynam., 6, 505–523, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-6-505-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-6-505-2018, 2018
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Rivers can reveal information about erosion rates, tectonics, and climate. In order to make meaningful inferences about these influences, one must be able to compare headwaters to downstream parts of the river network. We describe new methods for normalizing river steepness for drainage area to better understand how rivers record erosion rates in eroding landscapes.
Martin Struck, John D. Jansen, Toshiyuki Fujioka, Alexandru T. Codilean, David Fink, Réka-Hajnalka Fülöp, Klaus M. Wilcken, David M. Price, Steven Kotevski, L. Keith Fifield, and John Chappell
Earth Surf. Dynam., 6, 329–349, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-6-329-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-6-329-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Measurements of cosmogenic nuclides 10Be and 26Al in sediment along central Australian streams show that lithologically controlled magnitudes of source-area erosion rates (0.2–11 m Myr-1) are preserved downstream despite sediment mixing. Conversely, downstream-increasing sediment burial signals (> 400 kyr) indicate sediment incorporation from adjacent, long-exposed storages, which, combined with low sediment supply and discontinuous flux, likely favours source-area 10Be–26Al signal masking.
Guillaume C. H. Goodwin, Simon M. Mudd, and Fiona J. Clubb
Earth Surf. Dynam., 6, 239–255, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-6-239-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-6-239-2018, 2018
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Salt marshes are valuable environments that provide multiple services to coastal communities. However, their fast-paced evolution poses a challenge to monitoring campaigns due to time-consuming processing. The Topographic Identification of Platforms (TIP) method uses high-resolution topographic data to automatically detect the limits of salt marsh platforms within a landscape. The TIP method provides sufficient accuracy to monitor salt marsh change over time, facilitating coastal management.
Fiona J. Clubb, Simon M. Mudd, David T. Milodowski, Declan A. Valters, Louise J. Slater, Martin D. Hurst, and Ajay B. Limaye
Earth Surf. Dynam., 5, 369–385, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-5-369-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-5-369-2017, 2017
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Floodplains and fluvial terraces can provide information about current and past river systems, helping to reveal how channels respond to changes in both climate and tectonics. We present a new method of identifying these features objectively from digital elevation models by analysing their slope and elevation compared to the modern river. We test our method in eight field sites, and find that it provides rapid and reliable extraction of floodplains and terraces across a range of landscapes.
Pauline C. Treble, Andy Baker, Linda K. Ayliffe, Timothy J. Cohen, John C. Hellstrom, Michael K. Gagan, Silvia Frisia, Russell N. Drysdale, Alan D. Griffiths, and Andrea Borsato
Clim. Past, 13, 667–687, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-667-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-667-2017, 2017
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Little is known about the climate of southern Australia during the Last Glacial Maximum and deglaciation owing to sparse records for this region. We present the first high-resolution data, derived from speleothems that grew 23–5 ka. It appears that recharge to the Flinders Ranges was higher than today, particularly during 18.9–15.8 ka, argued to be due to the enhanced availability of tropical moisture. An abrupt shift to aridity is recorded at 15.8 ka, associated with restored westerly airflow.
Simon Marius Mudd, Marie-Alice Harel, Martin D. Hurst, Stuart W. D. Grieve, and Shasta M. Marrero
Earth Surf. Dynam., 4, 655–674, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-4-655-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-4-655-2016, 2016
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Cosmogenic nuclide concentrations are widely used to calculate catchment-averaged denudation rates. Despite their widespread use, there is currently no open source method for calculating such rates, and the methods used to calculate catchment-averaged denudation rates vary widely between studies. Here we present an automated, open-source method for calculating basin averaged denudation rates, which may be used as a stand-alone calculator or as a front end to popular online calculators.
Stuart W. D. Grieve, Simon M. Mudd, David T. Milodowski, Fiona J. Clubb, and David J. Furbish
Earth Surf. Dynam., 4, 627–653, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-4-627-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-4-627-2016, 2016
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High-resolution topographic data are becoming more prevalent, yet many areas of geomorphic interest do not have such data available. We produce topographic data at a range of resolutions to explore the influence of decreasing resolution of data on geomorphic analysis. We test the accuracy of the calculation of curvature, a hillslope sediment transport coefficient, and the identification of channel networks, providing guidelines for future use of these methods on low-resolution topographic data.
Stuart W. D. Grieve, Simon M. Mudd, Martin D. Hurst, and David T. Milodowski
Earth Surf. Dynam., 4, 309–325, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-4-309-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-4-309-2016, 2016
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Relationships between the erosion rate and topographic relief of hillslopes have been demonstrated in a number of diverse settings and such patterns can be used to identify the impact of tectonic plate motion on the Earth's surface. Here we present an open-source software tool which can be used to explore these relationships in any landscape where high-resolution topographic data have been collected.
D. T. Milodowski, S. M. Mudd, and E. T. A. Mitchard
Earth Surf. Dynam., 3, 483–499, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-3-483-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-3-483-2015, 2015
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Rock is exposed at the Earth surface when erosion rates locally exceed rates of soil production. This transition is marked by a diagnostic increase in topographic roughness, which we demonstrate can be a powerful indicator of the location of rock outcrop in a landscape. Using this to explore how hillslopes in two landscapes respond to increasing erosion rates, we find that the transition from soil-mantled to bedrock hillslopes is patchy and spatially heterogeneous.
M. Baggs Sargood, T. J. Cohen, C. J. Thompson, and J. Croke
Earth Surf. Dynam., 3, 265–279, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-3-265-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-3-265-2015, 2015
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We document the responses of bedrock-confined rivers to an extreme flood which occurred in southeast Queensland, Australia, in 2011. Through a combination of field- and desktop-based analyses we show that widespread removal of coarse-grained mantle occurred, with boulders up to 4m in diameter being locally mobilised. We show that normalised erosion in this extreme event is scaled to basin area and that this large flood has exposed bedrock steps and straths exposing them to ongoing erosion.
M. Attal, S. M. Mudd, M. D. Hurst, B. Weinman, K. Yoo, and M. Naylor
Earth Surf. Dynam., 3, 201–222, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-3-201-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-3-201-2015, 2015
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Steeper landscapes tend to erode faster. In this study, we also find that sediment produced on steeper landscapes is coarser. Soils are coarser because fragments spend less time in the soil so are less exposed to processes that can break them down. Change in sediment sources impact the sediment transported by rivers: rivers transport sediment up to cobble size in low-slope, soil-mantled areas; they transport much coarser sediment (including boulders supplied from landslides) in the steep areas.
J. K. Willenbring, A. T. Codilean, K. L. Ferrier, B. McElroy, and J. W. Kirchner
Earth Surf. Dynam. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/esurfd-2-1-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurfd-2-1-2014, 2014
Revised manuscript has not been submitted
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Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2025-130, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2025-130, 2025
Revised manuscript accepted for ESSD
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Montserrat Torne, Tiago M. Alves, Ivone Jiménez-Munt, Joao Carvalho, Conxi Ayala, Elsa C. Ramalho, Angela María Gómez-García, Hugo Matias, Hanneke Heida, Abraham Balaguera, José Luis García-Lobón, and Jaume Vergés
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 17, 1275–1293, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-1275-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-1275-2025, 2025
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Matteo Berti, Marco Pizziolo, Michele Scaroni, Mauro Generali, Vincenzo Critelli, Marco Mulas, Melissa Tondo, Francesco Lelli, Cecilia Fabbiani, Francesco Ronchetti, Giuseppe Ciccarese, Nicola Dal Seno, Elena Ioriatti, Rodolfo Rani, Alessandro Zuccarini, Tommaso Simonelli, and Alessandro Corsini
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 17, 1055–1074, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-1055-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-1055-2025, 2025
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In May 2023, Emilia-Romagna, Italy, experienced heavy rainfall that led to severe flooding and initiated thousands of landslides on slopes thought to be stable. Collaborating with the Civil Protection Agency, our team created a detailed map documenting 80,997 affected areas. This comprehensive dataset is crucial for research on climate change and assists in planning and risk management by demonstrating how climate change can alter our understanding of landslide susceptibility.
Kim de Wit, Kim M. Cohen, and Roderik S. W. van de Wal
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 17, 545–577, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-545-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-545-2025, 2025
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In the Holocene, deltas and coastal plains developed due to relative sea level rise (RSLR). Past coastal and inland water levels are preserved in geological indicators, like basal peats. We present a dataset of 712 Holocene water level indicators from the Dutch coastal plain, relevant for studying RSLR and regional subsidence, compiled in HOLSEA workbook format. Our new, internally consistent, expanded documentation encourages multiple data uses and to report RSLR uncertainties transparently.
Zhixuan Guo, Wei Li, Philippe Ciais, Stephen Sitch, Guido R. van der Werf, Simon P. K. Bowring, Ana Bastos, Florent Mouillot, Jiaying He, Minxuan Sun, Lei Zhu, Xiaomeng Du, Nan Wang, and Xiaomeng Huang
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-556, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-556, 2025
Revised manuscript accepted for ESSD
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To address the limitations of short time spans in satellite data and spatiotemporal discontinuity in site records, we reconstructed global monthly burned area maps at a half-degree resolution for 1901–2020 using machine learning models. The global burned area is predicted at 3.46–4.58 million km² per year, showing a decline from 1901 to 1978, an increase from 1978 to 2008, and a sharper decrease from 2008 to 2020. This dataset provides a benchmark for studies on fire ecology and carbon cycle.
Patrice de Caritat, Anthony Dosseto, and Florian Dux
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 17, 79–93, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-79-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-79-2025, 2025
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This new, extensive dataset from southwestern Australia contributes considerable new data and knowledge to Australia’s strontium isotope coverage. The data are discussed in terms of the lithology and age of the source lithologies. This dataset will reduce Northern Hemisphere bias in future global strontium isotope models. Potential applications of the new data include mineral exploration, hydrogeology, food tracing, dust provenancing, and historic migrations of people and animals.
Xin Yang, Sijin Li, Junfei Ma, Yang Chen, Xingyu Zhou, Fayuan Li, Liyang Xiong, Chenghu Zhou, Guoan Tang, and Michael Meadows
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-401, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-401, 2024
Revised manuscript accepted for ESSD
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Surveys of global landforms are important for understanding the internal and external dynamic information during the planet's evolution. This study proposes a novel framework for global landform classification and releases a novel dataset called Global Basic Landform Units (GBLU) with 1 arc-second resolution. this dataset can provide abundant and detailed geomorphological information for the field of earth sciences, facilitating further advancements in related research.
James R. Austin, Michael Gazley, Renee Birchall, Ben Patterson, Jessica Stromberg, Morgan Willams, Andreas Björk, Monica Le Gras, Tina D. Shelton, Courteney Dhnaram, Vladimir Lisitsin, Tobias Schlegel, Helen McFarlane, and John Walshe
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 5027–5067, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-5027-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-5027-2024, 2024
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Cloncurry METAL shifts the big-data paradigm in mineral exploration by developing a quantitative, fully integrated, multi-modal, scale-consistent methodology for mineral system characterisation. The data comprise collocated petrophysical–mineralogical–geochemical–structural–metasomatic characterisation of 23 deposits from a highly complex mineral system. This approach enables translation of the mineral system processes into physics, providing a framework for smarter geophysics-based exploration.
Marco Massa, Andrea Luca Rizzo, Davide Scafidi, Elisa Ferrari, Sara Lovati, Lucia Luzi, and MUDA working group
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 4843–4867, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-4843-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-4843-2024, 2024
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MUDA (geophysical and geochemical MUltiparametric DAtabase) is a new infrastructure of the National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology serving geophysical and geochemical multiparametric data. MUDA collects information from different sensors, such as seismometers, accelerometers, hydrogeochemical sensors, meteorological stations and sensors for the flux of carbon dioxide and radon gas, with the aim of making correlations between seismic phenomena and variations in environmental parameters.
Chengyong Fang, Xuanmei Fan, Xin Wang, Lorenzo Nava, Hao Zhong, Xiujun Dong, Jixiao Qi, and Filippo Catani
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 4817–4842, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-4817-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-4817-2024, 2024
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In this study, we present the largest publicly available landslide dataset, Globally Distributed Coseismic Landslide Dataset (GDCLD), which includes multi-sensor high-resolution images from various locations around the world. We test GDCLD with seven advanced algorithms and show that it is effective in achieving reliable landslide mapping across different triggers and environments, with great potential in enhancing emergency response and disaster management.
Pooria Ebrahimi, Fabio Matano, Vincenzo Amato, Raffaele Mattera, and Germana Scepi
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 4161–4188, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-4161-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-4161-2024, 2024
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Fallout pyroclastic deposits cover hillslopes after explosive volcanic eruptions and strongly influence landscape evolution, hydrology, erosion, and slope stability processes. Accurate mapping of the spatial-thickness variations of these fallout pyroclastic deposits over large hillslope areas remains a knowledge gap. We attempt to bridge this gap by applying statistical techniques to a field-based thickness measurement dataset of fallout pyroclastic deposits.
Xiyan Wu, Xiwei Xu, Guihua Yu, Junjie Ren, Xiaoping Yang, Guihua Chen, Chong Xu, Keping Du, Xiongnan Huang, Haibo Yang, Kang Li, and Haijian Hao
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 3391–3417, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-3391-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-3391-2024, 2024
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This study presents a national-scale database (1:4000 000) of active faults in China and its adjacent regions in tandem with an associated web-based query system. This database integrates regional-scale studies and surveys conducted over the past 2 decades (at reference scales from 1:250 000 to 1:50 000). Our system hosts this nation-scale database accessible through a Web Geographic Information System (GIS) application.
Candan U. Desem, Patrice de Caritat, Jon Woodhead, Roland Maas, and Graham Carr
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 1383–1393, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1383-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1383-2024, 2024
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Lead (Pb) isotopes form a potent tracer in studies of provenance, mineral exploration and environmental remediation. Previously, however, Pb isotope analysis has rarely been deployed at a continental scale. Here we present a new regolith Pb isotope dataset for Australia, which includes 1119 large catchments encompassing 5.6 × 106 km2 or close to ~75 % of the continent. Isoscape maps have been produced for use in diverse fields of study.
Peter Betlem, Thomas Birchall, Gareth Lord, Simon Oldfield, Lise Nakken, Kei Ogata, and Kim Senger
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 985–1006, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-985-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-985-2024, 2024
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We present the digitalisation (i.e. textured outcrop and terrain models) of the Agardhfjellet Fm. cliffs exposed in Konusdalen West, Svalbard, which forms the seal of a carbon capture site in Longyearbyen, where several boreholes cover the exposed interval. Outcrop data feature centimetre-scale accuracies and a maximum resolution of 8 mm and have been correlated with the boreholes through structural–stratigraphic annotations that form the basis of various numerical modelling scenarios.
Mohammed Ahmed Muhammed, Binyam Tesfaw Hailu, Georg Miehe, Luise Wraase, Thomas Nauss, and Dirk Zeuss
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 5535–5552, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-5535-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-5535-2023, 2023
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We processed the only available and oldest historical aerial photographs for the Bale Mountains, Ethiopia. We used structure-from-motion multi-view stereo photogrammetry to generate the first high-resolution DEMs and orthomosaics for 1967 and 1984 at larger spatial extents (5730 km2) and at high spatial resolutions (0.84 m and 0.98 m, respectively). Our datasets will help the scientific community address questions related to the Bale Mountains and afro-alpine ecosystems.
Yujing Wu, Xianjun Fang, and Jianqing Ji
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 5171–5181, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-5171-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-5171-2023, 2023
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We introduce a zircon U‒Th‒Pb chronological database of the global continental crust. This database provides comprehensive research materials for Earth system science in deep time and space due to its large amount of data (~2 million records), long time span (4.4 billion years), global sampling range, comprehensive zircon samples, and various dating instruments.
Michele Livani, Lorenzo Petracchini, Christoforos Benetatos, Francesco Marzano, Andrea Billi, Eugenio Carminati, Carlo Doglioni, Patrizio Petricca, Roberta Maffucci, Giulia Codegone, Vera Rocca, Francesca Verga, and Ilaria Antoncecchi
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 4261–4293, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-4261-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-4261-2023, 2023
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This paper presents subsurface geological and geophysical data from the Po Plain and the northern Adriatic Sea (north Italy). We collected and digitized data from 160 deep wells (including geophysical logs), 61 geological cross-sections, and 10 isobath maps. Furthermore, after a data accuracy analysis, we generated a simplified 3D geological model with several gridded surfaces separating units with different lithological properties. All data are available in delimited text files in ASCII format.
Kristen Chiama, Morgan Gabor, Isabella Lupini, Randolph Rutledge, Julia Ann Nord, Shuang Zhang, Asmaa Boujibar, Emma S. Bullock, Michael J. Walter, Kerstin Lehnert, Frank Spear, Shaunna M. Morrison, and Robert M. Hazen
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 4235–4259, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-4235-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-4235-2023, 2023
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We compiled 95 650 garnet sample analyses from a variety of sources, ranging from large data repositories to peer-reviewed literature. Garnets are commonly used as indicators of geological formation environments and are an ideal subject for the creation of an extensive dataset incorporating composition, localities, formation, age, temperature, pressure, and geochemistry. This dataset is available in the Evolutionary System of Mineralogy Database and paves the way for future geochemical studies.
Sansar Raj Meena, Lorenzo Nava, Kushanav Bhuyan, Silvia Puliero, Lucas Pedrosa Soares, Helen Cristina Dias, Mario Floris, and Filippo Catani
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 3283–3298, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3283-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3283-2023, 2023
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Landslides occur often across the world, with the potential to cause significant damage. Although a substantial amount of research has been conducted on the mapping of landslides using remote-sensing data, gaps and uncertainties remain when developing models to be operational at the global scale. To address this issue, we present the High-Resolution Global landslide Detector Database (HR-GLDD) for landslide mapping with landslide instances from 10 different physiographical regions globally.
Eloi González-Esvertit, Juan Alcalde, and Enrique Gomez-Rivas
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 3131–3145, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3131-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3131-2023, 2023
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Evaporites are, scientifically and economically, key rocks due to their unique geological features and value for industrial purposes. To compile and normalise the vast amount of information of evaporite structures in the Iberian Peninsula, we present the IESDB – the first comprehensive database of evaporite structures and their surrounding rocks in Spain and Portugal. The IESDB is free to use, open access, and can be accessed and downloaded through the interactive IESDB webpage.
Joana Cardoso-Fernandes, Douglas Santos, Cátia Rodrigues de Almeida, Alexandre Lima, Ana C. Teodoro, and GREENPEG project team
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 3111–3129, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3111-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3111-2023, 2023
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GREENPEG aims to develop tools for pegmatite exploration and to enhance European databases, adding new data on pegmatite properties, such as the spectral signature. Samples comprise pegmatites and wall rocks from Austria, Ireland, Norway, Portugal, and Spain. A detailed description of the spectral database is presented as well as reflectance spectra, photographs, and absorption features. Its European scale comprises pegmatites with distinct characteristics, providing a reference for exploration.
Silvia Peruccacci, Stefano Luigi Gariano, Massimo Melillo, Monica Solimano, Fausto Guzzetti, and Maria Teresa Brunetti
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 2863–2877, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2863-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2863-2023, 2023
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ITALICA (ITAlian rainfall-induced LandslIdes CAtalogue) is the largest catalogue of rainfall-induced landslides accurately located in space and time available in Italy. ITALICA currently lists 6312 landslides that occurred between January 1996 and December 2021. The information was collected using strict objective and homogeneous criteria. The high spatial and temporal accuracy makes the catalogue suitable for reliably defining the rainfall conditions capable of triggering future landslides.
Wartini Ng, Budiman Minasny, Alex McBratney, Patrice de Caritat, and John Wilford
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 2465–2482, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2465-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2465-2023, 2023
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With a higher demand for lithium (Li), a better understanding of its concentration and spatial distribution is important to delineate potential anomalous areas. This study uses a framework that combines data from recent geochemical surveys and relevant environmental factors to predict and map Li content across Australia. The map shows high Li concentration around existing mines and other potentially anomalous Li areas. The same mapping principles can potentially be applied to other elements.
Hong-He Xu, Zhi-Bin Niu, Yan-Sen Chen, Xuan Ma, Xiao-Jing Tong, Yi-Tong Sun, Xiao-Yan Dong, Dan-Ni Fan, Shuang-Shuang Song, Yan-Yan Zhu, Ning Yang, and Qing Xia
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 2213–2221, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2213-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2213-2023, 2023
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A multi-dimensional and integrated dataset of fossil specimens is described. The dataset potentially contributes to a range of scientific activities and provides easy access to and virtual examination of fossil specimens in a convenient and low-cost way. It will greatly benefit paleontology in research, teaching, and science communication.
Patrice de Caritat, Anthony Dosseto, and Florian Dux
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 1655–1673, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-1655-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-1655-2023, 2023
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This new, extensive (~1.5×106 km2) dataset from northern Australia contributes considerable new information on Australia's strontium (Sr) isotope coverage. The data are discussed in terms of lithology and age of the source areas. This dataset will reduce Northern Hemisphere bias in future global Sr isotope models. Other potential applications of the new data include mineral exploration, hydrology, food tracing, dust provenancing, and examining historic migrations of people and animals.
Samuel W. Scott, Léa Lévy, Cari Covell, Hjalti Franzson, Benoit Gibert, Ágúst Valfells, Juliet Newson, Julia Frolova, Egill Júlíusson, and María Sigríður Guðjónsdóttir
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 1165–1195, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-1165-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-1165-2023, 2023
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Rock properties such as porosity and permeability play an important role in many geological processes. The Valgarður database is a compilation of petrophysical, geochemical, and mineralogical observations on more than 1000 Icelandic rock samples. In addition to helping constrain numerical models and geophysical inversions, these data can be used to better understand the interrelationship between lithology, hydrothermal alteration, and petrophysical properties.
Giuseppe Esposito and Fabio Matano
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 1133–1149, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-1133-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-1133-2023, 2023
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In the highly urbanized volcanic area of Campi Flegrei (southern Italy), more than 500 000 people are exposed to multi-hazard conditions, including landslides. In the 1828–2017 time span, more than 2000 mass movements affected the volcanic slopes, concentrated mostly along the coastal sector. Rapid rock failures and flow-like landslides are frequent in the whole area. Besides their relevant role in modeling the landscape of Campi Flegrei, these processes also pose a societal risk.
Peter Stimmler, Mathias Goeckede, Bo Elberling, Susan Natali, Peter Kuhry, Nia Perron, Fabrice Lacroix, Gustaf Hugelius, Oliver Sonnentag, Jens Strauss, Christina Minions, Michael Sommer, and Jörg Schaller
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 1059–1075, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-1059-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-1059-2023, 2023
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Arctic soils store large amounts of carbon and nutrients. The availability of nutrients, such as silicon, calcium, iron, aluminum, phosphorus, and amorphous silica, is crucial to understand future carbon fluxes in the Arctic. Here, we provide, for the first time, a unique dataset of the availability of the abovementioned nutrients for the different soil layers, including the currently frozen permafrost layer. We relate these data to several geographical and geological parameters.
Francesca Ardizzone, Francesco Bucci, Mauro Cardinali, Federica Fiorucci, Luca Pisano, Michele Santangelo, and Veronica Zumpano
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 753–767, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-753-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-753-2023, 2023
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This paper presents a new geomorphological landslide inventory map for the Daunia Apennines, southern Italy. It was produced through the interpretation of two sets of stereoscopic aerial photographs, taken in 1954/55 and 2003, and targeted field checks. The inventory contains 17 437 landslides classified according to relative age, type of movement, and estimated depth. The dataset consists of a digital archive publicly available at https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.942427.
Zhaohui Pan, Zhibin Niu, Zumin Xian, and Min Zhu
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 41–51, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-41-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-41-2023, 2023
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Antiarch placoderms, the most basal jawed vertebrates, have the potential to enlighten the origin of the last common ancestor of jawed vertebrates during the Paleozoic. This dataset, which was extracted manually from 142 published papers or books from 1939 to 2021, consists of 60 genera of 6025 specimens from the Ludfordian to the Famennian, covering all antiarch lineages. We transferred the unstructured data from the literature to structured data for further detailed research.
Zhiheng Du, Jiao Yang, Lei Wang, Ninglian Wang, Anders Svensson, Zhen Zhang, Xiangyu Ma, Yaping Liu, Shimeng Wang, Jianzhong Xu, and Cunde Xiao
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 5349–5365, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-5349-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-5349-2022, 2022
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A dataset of the radiogenic strontium and neodymium isotopic compositions from the three poles (the third pole, the Arctic, and Antarctica) were integrated to obtain new findings. The dataset enables us to map the standardized locations in the three poles, while the use of sorting criteria related to the sample type permits us to trace the dust sources and sinks. The purpose of this dataset is to try to determine the variable transport pathways of dust at three poles.
Yutian Ke, Damien Calmels, Julien Bouchez, and Cécile Quantin
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 4743–4755, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-4743-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-4743-2022, 2022
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In this paper, we introduce the largest and most comprehensive database for riverine particulate organic carbon carried by suspended particulate matter in Earth's fluvial systems: 3546 data entries for suspended particulate matter with detailed geochemical parameters are included, and special attention goes to the elemental and isotopic carbon compositions to better understand riverine particulate organic carbon and its role in the carbon cycle from regional to global scales.
Egor Zelenin, Dmitry Bachmanov, Sofya Garipova, Vladimir Trifonov, and Andrey Kozhurin
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 4489–4503, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-4489-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-4489-2022, 2022
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Active faults are faults in the Earth's crust that could experience a possible future slip. A slip at the fault would cause an earthquake; thus, this draws particular attention to active faults in tectonic studies and seismic hazard assessment. We present the Active Faults of Eurasia Database (AFEAD): a high-detail continental-scale geodatabase comprising ~48 000 faults. The location, name, slip characteristics, and a reference to source publications are provided for database entries.
Patrice de Caritat, Anthony Dosseto, and Florian Dux
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 4271–4286, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-4271-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-4271-2022, 2022
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Strontium isotopes are useful in geological, environmental, archaeological, and forensic research to constrain or identify the source of materials such as minerals, artefacts, or foodstuffs. A new dataset, contributing significant new data and knowledge to Australia’s strontium isotope coverage, is presented from an area of over 500 000 km2 of inland southeastern Australia. Various source areas for the sediments are recognized, and both fluvial and aeolian transport processes identified.
Francesco Bucci, Michele Santangelo, Lorenzo Fongo, Massimiliano Alvioli, Mauro Cardinali, Laura Melelli, and Ivan Marchesini
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 4129–4151, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-4129-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-4129-2022, 2022
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The paper describes a new lithological map of Italy at a scale of 1 : 100 000 obtained from classification of a digital database following compositional and geomechanical criteria. The map represents the national distribution of the lithological classes at high resolution. The outcomes of this study can be relevant for a wide range of applications, including statistical and physically based modelling of slope stability assessment and other geoenvironmental studies.
Zhuoxuan Xia, Lingcao Huang, Chengyan Fan, Shichao Jia, Zhanjun Lin, Lin Liu, Jing Luo, Fujun Niu, and Tingjun Zhang
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 3875–3887, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-3875-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-3875-2022, 2022
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Retrogressive thaw slumps are slope failures resulting from abrupt permafrost thaw, and are widely distributed along the Qinghai–Tibet Engineering Corridor. The potential damage to infrastructure and carbon emission of thaw slumps motivated us to obtain an inventory of thaw slumps. We used a semi-automatic method to map 875 thaw slumps, filling the knowledge gap of thaw slump locations and providing key benchmarks for analysing the distribution features and quantifying spatio-temporal changes.
Alexandru T. Codilean, Henry Munack, Wanchese M. Saktura, Tim J. Cohen, Zenobia Jacobs, Sean Ulm, Paul P. Hesse, Jakob Heyman, Katharina J. Peters, Alan N. Williams, Rosaria B. K. Saktura, Xue Rui, Kai Chishiro-Dennelly, and Adhish Panta
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 3695–3713, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-3695-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-3695-2022, 2022
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OCTOPUS v.2 is a web-enabled database that allows users to visualise, query, and download cosmogenic radionuclide, luminescence, and radiocarbon ages and denudation rates associated with erosional landscapes, Quaternary depositional landforms, and archaeological records, along with ancillary geospatial data layers. OCTOPUS v.2 hosts five major data collections. Supporting data are comprehensive and include bibliographic, contextual, and sample-preparation- and measurement-related information.
Gregor Luetzenburg, Kristian Svennevig, Anders A. Bjørk, Marie Keiding, and Aart Kroon
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 3157–3165, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-3157-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-3157-2022, 2022
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We produced the first landslide inventory for Denmark. Over 3200 landslides were mapped using a high-resolution elevation model and orthophotos. We implemented an independent validation into our mapping and found an overall level of completeness of 87 %. The national inventory represents a range of landslide sizes covering all regions that were covered by glacial ice during the last glacial period. This inventory will be used for investigating landslide causes and for natural hazard mitigation.
Michael Fritz, Sebastian Wetterich, Joel McAlister, and Hanno Meyer
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 57–63, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-57-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-57-2022, 2022
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From 2015 to 2018 we collected rain and snow samples in Inuvik, Canada. We measured the stable water isotope composition of oxygen (δ18O) and hydrogen (δ2H) with a mass spectrometer. This data will be of interest for other scientists who work in the Arctic. They will be able to compare our modern data with their own isotope data in old ice, for example in glaciers, and in permafrost. This will help to correctly interpret the climate signals of the environmental history of the Earth.
Maria-Theresia Verwega, Christopher J. Somes, Markus Schartau, Robyn Elizabeth Tuerena, Anne Lorrain, Andreas Oschlies, and Thomas Slawig
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 4861–4880, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-4861-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-4861-2021, 2021
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This work describes a ready-to-use collection of particulate organic carbon stable isotope ratio data sets. It covers the 1960s–2010s and all main oceans, providing meta-information and gridded data. The best coverage exists in Atlantic, Indian and Southern Ocean surface waters during the 1990s. It indicates no major difference between methods and shows decreasing values towards high latitudes, with the lowest in the Southern Ocean, and a long-term decline in all regions but the Southern Ocean.
Gerrit Müller, Jack J. Middelburg, and Appy Sluijs
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 3565–3575, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-3565-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-3565-2021, 2021
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Rivers are major freshwater resources, connectors and transporters on Earth. As the composition of river waters and particles results from processes in their catchment, such as erosion, weathering, environmental pollution, nutrient and carbon cycling, Earth-spanning databases of river composition are needed for studies of these processes on a global scale. While extensive resources on water and nutrient composition exist, we provide a database of river particle composition.
Jannik Martens, Evgeny Romankevich, Igor Semiletov, Birgit Wild, Bart van Dongen, Jorien Vonk, Tommaso Tesi, Natalia Shakhova, Oleg V. Dudarev, Denis Kosmach, Alexander Vetrov, Leopold Lobkovsky, Nikolay Belyaev, Robie W. Macdonald, Anna J. Pieńkowski, Timothy I. Eglinton, Negar Haghipour, Salve Dahle, Michael L. Carroll, Emmelie K. L. Åström, Jacqueline M. Grebmeier, Lee W. Cooper, Göran Possnert, and Örjan Gustafsson
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 2561–2572, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-2561-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-2561-2021, 2021
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The paper describes the establishment, structure and current status of the first Circum-Arctic Sediment CArbon DatabasE (CASCADE), which is a scientific effort to harmonize and curate all published and unpublished data of carbon, nitrogen, carbon isotopes, and terrigenous biomarkers in sediments of the Arctic Ocean in one database. CASCADE will enable a variety of studies of the Arctic carbon cycle and thus contribute to a better understanding of how climate change affects the Arctic.
Santiago Arellano, Bo Galle, Fredy Apaza, Geoffroy Avard, Charlotte Barrington, Nicole Bobrowski, Claudia Bucarey, Viviana Burbano, Mike Burton, Zoraida Chacón, Gustavo Chigna, Christian Joseph Clarito, Vladimir Conde, Fidel Costa, Maarten De Moor, Hugo Delgado-Granados, Andrea Di Muro, Deborah Fernandez, Gustavo Garzón, Hendra Gunawan, Nia Haerani, Thor H. Hansteen, Silvana Hidalgo, Salvatore Inguaggiato, Mattias Johansson, Christoph Kern, Manne Kihlman, Philippe Kowalski, Pablo Masias, Francisco Montalvo, Joakim Möller, Ulrich Platt, Claudia Rivera, Armando Saballos, Giuseppe Salerno, Benoit Taisne, Freddy Vásconez, Gabriela Velásquez, Fabio Vita, and Mathieu Yalire
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 1167–1188, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-1167-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-1167-2021, 2021
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This study presents a dataset of volcanic sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions from 2005–2017. Measurements were obtained by Network for Observation of Volcanic and Atmospheric Change (NOVAC) scanning differential optical absorption spectrometer (ScanDOAS) instruments at 32 volcanoes and processed using a standardized procedure. We show statistics of volcanic gas emissions under a variety of conditions and compare them with averages derived from measurements from space and historical inventories.
Michal Hájek, Borja Jiménez-Alfaro, Ondřej Hájek, Lisa Brancaleoni, Marco Cantonati, Michele Carbognani, Anita Dedić, Daniel Dítě, Renato Gerdol, Petra Hájková, Veronika Horsáková, Florian Jansen, Jasmina Kamberović, Jutta Kapfer, Tiina Hilkka Maria Kolari, Mariusz Lamentowicz, Predrag Lazarević, Ermin Mašić, Jesper Erenskjold Moeslund, Aaron Pérez-Haase, Tomáš Peterka, Alessandro Petraglia, Eulàlia Pladevall-Izard, Zuzana Plesková, Stefano Segadelli, Yuliya Semeniuk, Patrícia Singh, Anna Šímová, Eva Šmerdová, Teemu Tahvanainen, Marcello Tomaselli, Yuliya Vystavna, Claudia Biţă-Nicolae, and Michal Horsák
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 1089–1105, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-1089-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-1089-2021, 2021
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We developed an up-to-date European map of groundwater pH and Ca (the major determinants of diversity of wetlands) based on 7577 measurements. In comparison to the existing maps, we included much a larger data set from the regions rich in endangered wetland habitats, filled the apparent gaps in eastern and southeastern Europe, and applied geospatial modelling. The latitudinal and altitudinal gradients were rediscovered with much refined regional patterns, as is associated with bedrock variation.
Ian Moffat, Rachel Rudd, Malte Willmes, Graham Mortimer, Les Kinsley, Linda McMorrow, Richard Armstrong, Maxime Aubert, and Rainer Grün
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 3641–3652, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-3641-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-3641-2020, 2020
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This research has measured the bioavailable strontium isotope composition of soil and rock samples from the major geological units in Israel. Plants, animals and people take up this value into their bones and teeth via food and water and so mapping these values has important implications for understanding where archaeological, ecological, food science and forensic samples are from.
Zoltán Kern, Dániel Erdélyi, Polona Vreča, Ines Krajcar Bronić, István Fórizs, Tjaša Kanduč, Marko Štrok, László Palcsu, Miklós Süveges, György Czuppon, Balázs Kohán, and István Gábor Hatvani
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 2061–2073, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-2061-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-2061-2020, 2020
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Here we present the spatially continuous gridded database for amount-weighted annual mean tritium activity in precipitation for the period 1976 to 2017 for the Adriatic–Pannonian region, with a special focus on the years after 2010, which are not represented by existing global models. This AP3H database is capable of providing reliable spatiotemporal input for hydrogeological applications at any place within Slovenia, Hungary, and their surroundings.
Xiongqi Pang, Chengzao Jia, Kun Zhang, Maowen Li, Youwei Wang, Junwen Peng, Boyuan Li, and Junqing Chen
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 577–590, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-577-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-577-2020, 2020
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Based on geochemical data of 13 634 source rock samples from 1286 wells and 116 489 drilling results for oil and gas from 4978 wells in six major basins of China, we proposed the concept of the active source rock depth limit. It can be used to clarify and predict the maximum depth of fossil fuel distribution in sedimentary basins. The study provides fundamental information for deep hydrocarbon exploration and also advances understanding of the vertical distribution of fossil fuels on our planet.
Maxim V. Portnyagin, Vera V. Ponomareva, Egor A. Zelenin, Lilia I. Bazanova, Maria M. Pevzner, Anastasia A. Plechova, Aleksei N. Rogozin, and Dieter Garbe-Schönberg
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 469–486, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-469-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-469-2020, 2020
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Tephra is fragmented material produced by explosive volcanic eruptions. Geochemically characterized tephra layers are excellent time marker horizons and samples of magma composition. TephraKam is database of the ages and chemical composition of volcanic glass in tephra from the Kamchatka volcanic arc (northwestern Pacific). TephraKam enables the identification of tephra sources, correlation and dating of natural archives, and reconstruction of spatiotemporal evolution of volcanism in Kamchatka.
Matthew Gard, Derrick Hasterok, and Jacqueline A. Halpin
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 11, 1553–1566, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-1553-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-1553-2019, 2019
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We compiled a database of more than 1 million chemical analyses of igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks, derived from existing databases, governmental data and academic studies. Our database enhances temporal distributions, simplifies the structure, and adds geochemical indices, naming schema, and estimates of physical properties such as density. This database provides a source for the rapid production of crustal models and chemical evolution throughout 4 billion years of geologic history.
Giuseppe Etiope, Giancarlo Ciotoli, Stefan Schwietzke, and Martin Schoell
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 11, 1–22, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-1-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-1-2019, 2019
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We developed the first global maps of natural geological CH4 flux and isotopic values which can be used for new atmospheric CH4 modelling. The maps, based on updated, measured and theoretically estimated data, show that the highest geo-CH4 emissions are located in the Northern Hemisphere (N. America, Caspian region, Europe, Siberian Arctic Shelf), and that geo-CH4 is less 13C-enriched than what has been assumed so far in other studies. Other CH4 sources can now be estimated with higher accuracy.
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Short summary
OCTOPUS is a database of cosmogenic radionuclide and luminescence measurements in fluvial sediment made available to the research community via an Open Geospatial Consortium compliant web service. OCTOPUS and its associated data curation framework provide the opportunity for researchers to reuse previously published but otherwise unusable CRN and luminescence data. This delivers the potential to harness old but valuable data that would otherwise be lost to the research community.
OCTOPUS is a database of cosmogenic radionuclide and luminescence measurements in fluvial...
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