Articles | Volume 10, issue 4
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 10, 1943–1957, 2018
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-1943-2018
© Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 10, 1943–1957, 2018
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-1943-2018
© Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
22 Oct 2018
22 Oct 2018
Radiocarbon measurements of ecosystem respiration and soil pore-space CO2 in Utqiaġvik (Barrow), Alaska
Lydia J. S. Vaughn and Margaret S. Torn
Related authors
Corey R. Lawrence, Jeffrey Beem-Miller, Alison M. Hoyt, Grey Monroe, Carlos A. Sierra, Shane Stoner, Katherine Heckman, Joseph C. Blankinship, Susan E. Crow, Gavin McNicol, Susan Trumbore, Paul A. Levine, Olga Vindušková, Katherine Todd-Brown, Craig Rasmussen, Caitlin E. Hicks Pries, Christina Schädel, Karis McFarlane, Sebastian Doetterl, Christine Hatté, Yujie He, Claire Treat, Jennifer W. Harden, Margaret S. Torn, Cristian Estop-Aragonés, Asmeret Asefaw Berhe, Marco Keiluweit, Ágatha Della Rosa Kuhnen, Erika Marin-Spiotta, Alain F. Plante, Aaron Thompson, Zheng Shi, Joshua P. Schimel, Lydia J. S. Vaughn, Sophie F. von Fromm, and Rota Wagai
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 61–76, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-61-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-61-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The International Soil Radiocarbon Database (ISRaD) is an an open-source archive of soil data focused on datasets including radiocarbon measurements. ISRaD includes data from bulk or
whole soils, distinct soil carbon pools isolated in the laboratory by a variety of soil fractionation methods, samples of soil gas or water collected interstitially from within an intact soil profile, CO2 gas isolated from laboratory soil incubations, and fluxes collected in situ from a soil surface.
Niel Verbrigghe, Niki I. W. Leblans, Bjarni D. Sigurdsson, Sara Vicca, Chao Fang, Lucia Fuchslueger, Jennifer L. Soong, James T. Weedon, Christopher Poeplau, Cristina Ariza-Carricondo, Michael Bahn, Bertrand Guenet, Per Gundersen, Gunnhildur E. G. Gunnarsdóttir, Thomas Kätterer, Zhanfeng Liu, Marja Maljanen, Sara Marañón-Jiménez, Kathiravan Meeran, Edda S. Oddsdóttir, Ivika Ostonen, Josep Peñuelas, Andreas Richter, Jordi Sardans, Páll Sigurðsson, Margaret S. Torn, Peter M. Van Bodegom, Erik Verbruggen, Tom W. N. Walker, Håkan Wallander, and Ivan A. Janssens
Biogeosciences Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2021-338, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2021-338, 2022
Revised manuscript accepted for BG
Short summary
Short summary
In a subarctic grassland on a geothermal warming gradient, we found large reductions in topsoil carbon stocks, with carbon stocks linearly declining with warming intensity. Most importantly, however, we observed that soil carbon stocks stabilized within 5 years of warming and remained unaffected by warming thereafter, even after > 50 years of warming. Moreover, in contrast to the large topsoil carbon losses, subsoil carbon stocks remained unaffected, even after > 50-years of soil warming.
Cyrill U. Zosso, Nicholas O. E. Ofiti, Jennifer L. Soong, Emily F. Solly, Margaret S. Torn, Arnaud Huguet, Guido L. B. Wiesenberg, and Michael W. I. Schmidt
SOIL, 7, 477–494, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-7-477-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-7-477-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
How subsoil microorganisms respond to warming is largely unknown, despite their crucial role in the soil organic carbon cycle. We observed that the subsoil microbial community composition was more responsive to warming compared to the topsoil community composition. Decreased microbial abundance in subsoils, as observed in this study, might reduce the magnitude of the respiration response over time, and a shift in the microbial community will likely affect the cycling of soil organic carbon.
Kyle B. Delwiche, Sara Helen Knox, Avni Malhotra, Etienne Fluet-Chouinard, Gavin McNicol, Sarah Feron, Zutao Ouyang, Dario Papale, Carlo Trotta, Eleonora Canfora, You-Wei Cheah, Danielle Christianson, Ma. Carmelita R. Alberto, Pavel Alekseychik, Mika Aurela, Dennis Baldocchi, Sheel Bansal, David P. Billesbach, Gil Bohrer, Rosvel Bracho, Nina Buchmann, David I. Campbell, Gerardo Celis, Jiquan Chen, Weinan Chen, Housen Chu, Higo J. Dalmagro, Sigrid Dengel, Ankur R. Desai, Matteo Detto, Han Dolman, Elke Eichelmann, Eugenie Euskirchen, Daniela Famulari, Kathrin Fuchs, Mathias Goeckede, Sébastien Gogo, Mangaliso J. Gondwe, Jordan P. Goodrich, Pia Gottschalk, Scott L. Graham, Martin Heimann, Manuel Helbig, Carole Helfter, Kyle S. Hemes, Takashi Hirano, David Hollinger, Lukas Hörtnagl, Hiroki Iwata, Adrien Jacotot, Gerald Jurasinski, Minseok Kang, Kuno Kasak, John King, Janina Klatt, Franziska Koebsch, Ken W. Krauss, Derrick Y. F. Lai, Annalea Lohila, Ivan Mammarella, Luca Belelli Marchesini, Giovanni Manca, Jaclyn Hatala Matthes, Trofim Maximov, Lutz Merbold, Bhaskar Mitra, Timothy H. Morin, Eiko Nemitz, Mats B. Nilsson, Shuli Niu, Walter C. Oechel, Patricia Y. Oikawa, Keisuke Ono, Matthias Peichl, Olli Peltola, Michele L. Reba, Andrew D. Richardson, William Riley, Benjamin R. K. Runkle, Youngryel Ryu, Torsten Sachs, Ayaka Sakabe, Camilo Rey Sanchez, Edward A. Schuur, Karina V. R. Schäfer, Oliver Sonnentag, Jed P. Sparks, Ellen Stuart-Haëntjens, Cove Sturtevant, Ryan C. Sullivan, Daphne J. Szutu, Jonathan E. Thom, Margaret S. Torn, Eeva-Stiina Tuittila, Jessica Turner, Masahito Ueyama, Alex C. Valach, Rodrigo Vargas, Andrej Varlagin, Alma Vazquez-Lule, Joseph G. Verfaillie, Timo Vesala, George L. Vourlitis, Eric J. Ward, Christian Wille, Georg Wohlfahrt, Guan Xhuan Wong, Zhen Zhang, Donatella Zona, Lisamarie Windham-Myers, Benjamin Poulter, and Robert B. Jackson
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 3607–3689, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-3607-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-3607-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Methane is an important greenhouse gas, yet we lack knowledge about its global emissions and drivers. We present FLUXNET-CH4, a new global collection of methane measurements and a critical resource for the research community. We use FLUXNET-CH4 data to quantify the seasonality of methane emissions from freshwater wetlands, finding that methane seasonality varies strongly with latitude. Our new database and analysis will improve wetland model accuracy and inform greenhouse gas budgets.
Caitlin Hicks Pries, Alon Angert, Cristina Castanha, Boaz Hilman, and Margaret S. Torn
Biogeosciences, 17, 3045–3055, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3045-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3045-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The apparent respiration quotient (ARQ) changes according to which substrates microbes consume, allowing sources of soil respiration to be traced. In a forest soil warming experiment, ARQ had a strong seasonal pattern that reflected a shift from respiration being fueled by sugars and organic acids derived from roots during the growing season to respiration being fueled by dead microbes during winter. ARQ values also changed with experimental warming.
Corey R. Lawrence, Jeffrey Beem-Miller, Alison M. Hoyt, Grey Monroe, Carlos A. Sierra, Shane Stoner, Katherine Heckman, Joseph C. Blankinship, Susan E. Crow, Gavin McNicol, Susan Trumbore, Paul A. Levine, Olga Vindušková, Katherine Todd-Brown, Craig Rasmussen, Caitlin E. Hicks Pries, Christina Schädel, Karis McFarlane, Sebastian Doetterl, Christine Hatté, Yujie He, Claire Treat, Jennifer W. Harden, Margaret S. Torn, Cristian Estop-Aragonés, Asmeret Asefaw Berhe, Marco Keiluweit, Ágatha Della Rosa Kuhnen, Erika Marin-Spiotta, Alain F. Plante, Aaron Thompson, Zheng Shi, Joshua P. Schimel, Lydia J. S. Vaughn, Sophie F. von Fromm, and Rota Wagai
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 61–76, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-61-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-61-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The International Soil Radiocarbon Database (ISRaD) is an an open-source archive of soil data focused on datasets including radiocarbon measurements. ISRaD includes data from bulk or
whole soils, distinct soil carbon pools isolated in the laboratory by a variety of soil fractionation methods, samples of soil gas or water collected interstitially from within an intact soil profile, CO2 gas isolated from laboratory soil incubations, and fluxes collected in situ from a soil surface.
Yaqiong Lu, Ian N. Williams, Justin E. Bagley, Margaret S. Torn, and Lara M. Kueppers
Geosci. Model Dev., 10, 1873–1888, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-1873-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-1873-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Predicting winter wheat growth in the future climate scenarios is crucial for food security. We developed a winter wheat model in the Community Land Model to better predict winter wheat growth and grain production at multiple temporal and spatial scales. We validated the model and found that the new winter wheat model improved the prediction of winter wheat growth related variables during the spring growing season but underestimated yield in regions with historically greater yields.
Xiyan Xu, William J. Riley, Charles D. Koven, Dave P. Billesbach, Rachel Y.-W. Chang, Róisín Commane, Eugénie S. Euskirchen, Sean Hartery, Yoshinobu Harazono, Hiroki Iwata, Kyle C. McDonald, Charles E. Miller, Walter C. Oechel, Benjamin Poulter, Naama Raz-Yaseef, Colm Sweeney, Margaret Torn, Steven C. Wofsy, Zhen Zhang, and Donatella Zona
Biogeosciences, 13, 5043–5056, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-5043-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-5043-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Wetlands are the largest global natural methane source. Peat-rich bogs and fens lying between 50°N and 70°N contribute 10–30% to this source. The predictive capability of the seasonal methane cycle can directly affect the estimation of global methane budget. We present multiscale methane seasonal emission by observations and modeling and find that the uncertainties in predicting the seasonal methane emissions are from the wetland extent, cold-season CH4 production and CH4 transport processes.
M. S. Torn, A. Chabbi, P. Crill, P. J. Hanson, I. A. Janssens, Y. Luo, C. H. Pries, C. Rumpel, M. W. I. Schmidt, J. Six, M. Schrumpf, and B. Zhu
SOIL, 1, 575–582, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-1-575-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-1-575-2015, 2015
B. Maestrini, S. Abiven, N. Singh, J. Bird, M. S. Torn, and M. W. I. Schmidt
Biogeosciences, 11, 5199–5213, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-5199-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-5199-2014, 2014
W. J. Riley, F. Maggi, M. Kleber, M. S. Torn, J. Y. Tang, D. Dwivedi, and N. Guerry
Geosci. Model Dev., 7, 1335–1355, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-7-1335-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-7-1335-2014, 2014
I. N. Williams, W. J. Riley, M. S. Torn, S. C. Biraud, and M. L. Fischer
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 1571–1585, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-1571-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-1571-2014, 2014
M. S. Torn, M. Kleber, E. S. Zavaleta, B. Zhu, C. B. Field, and S. E. Trumbore
Biogeosciences, 10, 8067–8081, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-8067-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-8067-2013, 2013
C. D. Koven, W. J. Riley, Z. M. Subin, J. Y. Tang, M. S. Torn, W. D. Collins, G. B. Bonan, D. M. Lawrence, and S. C. Swenson
Biogeosciences, 10, 7109–7131, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-7109-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-7109-2013, 2013
S. Basu, S. Guerlet, A. Butz, S. Houweling, O. Hasekamp, I. Aben, P. Krummel, P. Steele, R. Langenfelds, M. Torn, S. Biraud, B. Stephens, A. Andrews, and D. Worthy
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 8695–8717, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-8695-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-8695-2013, 2013
S. C. Biraud, M. S. Torn, J. R. Smith, C. Sweeney, W. J. Riley, and P. P. Tans
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 6, 751–763, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-6-751-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-6-751-2013, 2013
Related subject area
Biogeosciences and biodiversity
Optical and biogeochemical properties of diverse Belgian inland and coastal waters
Comparing national greenhouse gas budgets reported in UNFCCC inventories against atmospheric inversions
European pollen-based REVEALS land-cover reconstructions for the Holocene: methodology, mapping and potentials
Global GOSAT, OCO-2, and OCO-3 solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence datasets
The Reading Palaeofire Database: an expanded global resource to document changes in fire regimes from sedimentary charcoal records
VODCA2GPP – a new, global, long-term (1988–2020) gross primary production dataset from microwave remote sensing
LegacyPollen 1.0: A taxonomically harmonized global Late Quaternary pollen dataset of 2831 records with standardized chronologies
EcoDes-DK15: high-resolution ecological descriptors of vegetation and terrain derived from Denmark's national airborne laser scanning data set
Individual tree point clouds and tree measurements from multi-platform laser scanning in German forests
A 30-m annual maize phenology dataset from 1985 to 2020 in China
The ABCflux database: Arctic–boreal CO2 flux observations and ancillary information aggregated to monthly time steps across terrestrial ecosystems
Multi-year, spatially extensive, watershed-scale synoptic stream chemistry and water quality conditions for six permafrost-underlain Arctic watersheds
Vertical profiles of leaf photosynthesis and leaf traits and soil nutrients in two tropical rainforests in French Guiana before and after a 3-year nitrogen and phosphorus addition experiment
Global patterns and drivers of soil total phosphorus concentration
The TROPOSIF global sun-induced fluorescence dataset from the Sentinel-5P TROPOMI mission
Patterns of nitrogen and phosphorus pools in terrestrial ecosystems in China
BAWLD-CH4: a comprehensive dataset of methane fluxes from boreal and arctic ecosystems
Mapping global forest age from forest inventories, biomass and climate data
Long-term phenological data set of multi-taxonomic groups, agrarian activities, and abiotic parameters from Latvia, northern Europe
A global map of root biomass across the world's forests
Organic matter cycling along geochemical, geomorphic, and disturbance gradients in forest and cropland of the African Tropics – project TropSOC database version 1.0
The global forest above-ground biomass pool for 2010 estimated from high-resolution satellite observations
FLUXNET-CH4: a global, multi-ecosystem dataset and analysis of methane seasonality from freshwater wetlands
A distributed time-lapse camera network to track vegetation phenology with high temporal detail and at varying scales
Global transpiration data from sap flow measurements: the SAPFLUXNET database
MOSAIC (Modern Ocean Sediment Archive and Inventory of Carbon): a (radio)carbon-centric database for seafloor surficial sediments
Development of the global dataset of Wetland Area and Dynamics for Methane Modeling (WAD2M)
MOSEV: a global burn severity database from MODIS (2000–2020)
SoDaH: the SOils DAta Harmonization database, an open-source synthesis of soil data from research networks, version 1.0
Gap-free global annual soil moisture: 15 km grids for 1991–2018
Carbon emissions and removals from forests: new estimates, 1990–2020
Standardized flux seasonality metrics: a companion dataset for FLUXNET annual product
LUCAS Copernicus 2018: Earth-observation-relevant in situ data on land cover and use throughout the European Union
The fortedata R package: open-science datasets from a manipulative experiment testing forest resilience
Seabed video and still images from the northern Weddell Sea and the western flanks of the Powell Basin
Production and application of manure nitrogen and phosphorus in the United States since 1860
Synchronized high-resolution bed-level change and biophysical data from 10 marsh–mudflat sites in northwestern Europe
Carbon Monitoring System Flux Net Biosphere Exchange 2020 (CMS-Flux NBE 2020)
A daily, 250 m and real-time gross primary productivity product (2000–present) covering the contiguous United States
A satellite-derived database for stand-replacing windthrow events in boreal forests of European Russia in 1986–2017
Drainage of organic soils and GHG emissions: validation with country data
Element and radionuclide concentrations in soils and wildlife from forests in north-eastern England with a focus on species representative of the ICRP's Reference Animals and Plants
Apparent ecosystem carbon turnover time: uncertainties and robust features
A comprehensive dataset of vegetation states, fluxes of matter and energy, weather, agricultural management, and soil properties from intensively monitored crop sites in western Germany
Decomposability of soil organic matter over time: the Soil Incubation Database (SIDb, version 1.0) and guidance for incubation procedures
The PROFOUND Database for evaluating vegetation models and simulating climate impacts on European forests
A spatially downscaled sun-induced fluorescence global product for enhanced monitoring of vegetation productivity
Spatial and temporal patterns of global soil heterotrophic respiration in terrestrial ecosystems
Observations of late-winter marine microbial activity in an ice-covered fjord, west Greenland
Mapping the yields of lignocellulosic bioenergy crops from observations at the global scale
Alexandre Castagna, Luz Amadei Martínez, Margarita Bogorad, Ilse Daveloose, Renaat Dasseville, Heidi Melita Dierssen, Matthew Beck, Jonas Mortelmans, Héloïse Lavigne, Ana Dogliotti, David Doxaran, Kevin Ruddick, Wim Vyverman, and Koen Sabbe
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 2697–2719, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-2697-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-2697-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Here we describe a dataset of optical measurements paired with the concentration and composition of dissolved and particulate components of water systems in Belgium. Sampling was performed over eight lakes, a coastal lagoon, an estuary, and coastal waters, covering the period of 2017 to 2019. The data cover a broad range of conditions and can be useful for development and evaluation of hyperspectral methods in hydrology optics and remote sensing.
Zhu Deng, Philippe Ciais, Zitely A. Tzompa-Sosa, Marielle Saunois, Chunjing Qiu, Chang Tan, Taochun Sun, Piyu Ke, Yanan Cui, Katsumasa Tanaka, Xin Lin, Rona L. Thompson, Hanqin Tian, Yuanzhi Yao, Yuanyuan Huang, Ronny Lauerwald, Atul K. Jain, Xiaoming Xu, Ana Bastos, Stephen Sitch, Paul I. Palmer, Thomas Lauvaux, Alexandre d'Aspremont, Clément Giron, Antoine Benoit, Benjamin Poulter, Jinfeng Chang, Ana Maria Roxana Petrescu, Steven J. Davis, Zhu Liu, Giacomo Grassi, Clément Albergel, Francesco N. Tubiello, Lucia Perugini, Wouter Peters, and Frédéric Chevallier
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 1639–1675, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-1639-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-1639-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
In support of the global stocktake of the Paris Agreement on climate change, we proposed a method for reconciling the results of global atmospheric inversions with data from UNFCCC national greenhouse gas inventories (NGHGIs). Here, based on a new global harmonized database that we compiled from the UNFCCC NGHGIs and a comprehensive framework presented in this study to process the results of inversions, we compared their results of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O).
Esther Githumbi, Ralph Fyfe, Marie-Jose Gaillard, Anna-Kari Trondman, Florence Mazier, Anne-Birgitte Nielsen, Anneli Poska, Shinya Sugita, Jessie Woodbridge, Julien Azuara, Angelica Feurdean, Roxana Grindean, Vincent Lebreton, Laurent Marquer, Nathalie Nebout-Combourieu, Miglė Stančikaitė, Ioan Tanţău, Spassimir Tonkov, Lyudmila Shumilovskikh, and LandClimII data contributors
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 1581–1619, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-1581-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-1581-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Reconstruction of past land cover is necessary for the study of past climate–land cover interactions and the evaluation of climate models and land-use scenarios. We used 1128 available pollen records from across Europe covering the last 11 700 years in the REVEALS model to calculate percentage cover and associated standard errors for 31 taxa, 12 plant functional types and 3 land-cover types. REVEALS results are reliant on the quality of the input datasets.
Russell Doughty, Thomas P. Kurosu, Nicholas Parazoo, Philipp Köhler, Yujie Wang, Ying Sun, and Christian Frankenberg
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 1513–1529, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-1513-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-1513-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We describe and compare solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence data produced by NASA from the Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT) and the Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2) and OCO-3 platforms.
Sandy P. Harrison, Roberto Villegas-Diaz, Esmeralda Cruz-Silva, Daniel Gallagher, David Kesner, Paul Lincoln, Yicheng Shen, Luke Sweeney, Daniele Colombaroli, Adam Ali, Chéïma Barhoumi, Yves Bergeron, Tatiana Blyakharchuk, Přemysl Bobek, Richard Bradshaw, Jennifer L. Clear, Sambor Czerwiński, Anne-Laure Daniau, John Dodson, Kevin J. Edwards, Mary E. Edwards, Angelica Feurdean, David Foster, Konrad Gajewski, Mariusz Gałka, Michelle Garneau, Thomas Giesecke, Graciela Gil Romera, Martin P. Girardin, Dana Hoefer, Kangyou Huang, Jun Inoue, Eva Jamrichová, Nauris Jasiunas, Wenying Jiang, Gonzalo Jiménez-Moreno, Monika Karpińska-Kołaczek, Piotr Kołaczek, Niina Kuosmanen, Mariusz Lamentowicz, Martin Lavoie, Fang Li, Jianyong Li, Olga Lisitsyna, José Antonio López-Sáez, Reyes Luelmo-Lautenschlaeger, Gabriel Magnan, Eniko Katalin Magyari, Alekss Maksims, Katarzyna Marcisz, Elena Marinova, Jenn Marlon, Scott Mensing, Joanna Miroslaw-Grabowska, Wyatt Oswald, Sebastián Pérez-Díaz, Ramón Pérez-Obiol, Sanna Piilo, Anneli Poska, Xiaoguang Qin, Cécile C. Remy, Pierre J. H. Richard, Sakari Salonen, Naoko Sasaki, Hieke Schneider, William Shotyk, Migle Stancikaite, Dace Šteinberga, Normunds Stivrins, Hikaru Takahara, Zhihai Tan, Liva Trasune, Charles E. Umbanhowar, Minna Väliranta, Jüri Vassiljev, Xiayun Xiao, Qinghai Xu, Xin Xu, Edyta Zawisza, Yan Zhao, Zheng Zhou, and Jordan Paillard
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 1109–1124, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-1109-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-1109-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We provide a new global data set of charcoal preserved in sediments that can be used to examine how fire regimes have changed during past millennia and to investigate what caused these changes. The individual records have been standardised, and new age models have been constructed to allow better comparison across sites. The data set contains 1681 records from 1477 sites worldwide.
Benjamin Wild, Irene Teubner, Leander Moesinger, Ruxandra-Maria Zotta, Matthias Forkel, Robin van der Schalie, Stephen Sitch, and Wouter Dorigo
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 1063–1085, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-1063-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-1063-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Gross primary production (GPP) describes the conversion of CO2 to carbohydrates and can be seen as a filter for our atmosphere of the primary greenhouse gas CO2. We developed VODCA2GPP, a GPP dataset that is based on vegetation optical depth from microwave remote sensing and temperature. Thus, it is mostly independent from existing GPP datasets and also available in regions with frequent cloud coverage. Analysis showed that VODCA2GPP is able to complement existing state-of-the-art GPP datasets.
Ulrike Herzschuh, Chenzhi Li, Thomas Böhmer, Alexander K. Postl, Birgit Heim, Andrei A. Andreev, Xianyong Cao, Mareike Wieczorek, and Jian Ni
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2022-37, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2022-37, 2022
Revised manuscript accepted for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
Pollen preserved in environmental archives like lake sediments and bogs are broadly used for the reconstructions of past vegetation and climate. Here we present LegacyPollen 1.0, a dataset of 2831 fossil pollen records from all over the globe that were collected from publicly available databases. We harmonized the names of the pollen taxa so that all datasets can be jointly investigated. LegacyPollen 1.0 is available as an open-access dataset.
Jakob J. Assmann, Jesper E. Moeslund, Urs A. Treier, and Signe Normand
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 823–844, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-823-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-823-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
In 2014 and 2015, the Danish government scanned the whole of Denmark using laser scanners on planes. The information can help biologists learn more about Denmark's natural environment. To make it easier to access the outputs from the scan, we divided the country into 10 m x 10 m squares and summed up the information most relevant to biologists for each square. The result is a set of 70 maps describing the three-dimensional architecture of the Danish landscape and vegetation.
Hannah Weiser, Jannika Schäfer, Lukas Winiwarter, Nina Krašovec, Fabian Ewald Fassnacht, and Bernhard Höfle
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2022-39, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2022-39, 2022
Revised manuscript accepted for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
3D point clouds, acquired by laser scanning, allows us to retrieve information about the forest structure and individual tree properties. We conducted airborne, UAV-borne, and terrestrial laser scanning in German mixed forests, resulting in overlapping point clouds with different characteristics. From these, we generated a comprehensive database of individual tree point clouds and corresponding tree metrics. Our dataset may serve as a benchmark dataset for algorithms in forestry research.
Quandi Niu, Xuecao Li, Jianxi Huang, Hai Huang, Xianda Huang, Wei Su, and Wenping Yuan
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2021-343, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2021-343, 2022
Revised manuscript accepted for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
In this manuscript, we generated the first national maize phenology product with a fine spatial resolution (30 m) and a long temporal span (1985–2020) in China, using Landsat images. The derived phenology indicators agree well with in-situ observations and provide more spatial details than moderate resolution phenology products. The extracted maize phenology dataset can support precise yield estimation and deepen our understanding of the response of agroecosystem to global warming in the future.
Anna-Maria Virkkala, Susan M. Natali, Brendan M. Rogers, Jennifer D. Watts, Kathleen Savage, Sara June Connon, Marguerite Mauritz, Edward A. G. Schuur, Darcy Peter, Christina Minions, Julia Nojeim, Roisin Commane, Craig A. Emmerton, Mathias Goeckede, Manuel Helbig, David Holl, Hiroki Iwata, Hideki Kobayashi, Pasi Kolari, Efrén López-Blanco, Maija E. Marushchak, Mikhail Mastepanov, Lutz Merbold, Frans-Jan W. Parmentier, Matthias Peichl, Torsten Sachs, Oliver Sonnentag, Masahito Ueyama, Carolina Voigt, Mika Aurela, Julia Boike, Gerardo Celis, Namyi Chae, Torben R. Christensen, M. Syndonia Bret-Harte, Sigrid Dengel, Han Dolman, Colin W. Edgar, Bo Elberling, Eugenie Euskirchen, Achim Grelle, Juha Hatakka, Elyn Humphreys, Järvi Järveoja, Ayumi Kotani, Lars Kutzbach, Tuomas Laurila, Annalea Lohila, Ivan Mammarella, Yojiro Matsuura, Gesa Meyer, Mats B. Nilsson, Steven F. Oberbauer, Sang-Jong Park, Roman Petrov, Anatoly S. Prokushkin, Christopher Schulze, Vincent L. St. Louis, Eeva-Stiina Tuittila, Juha-Pekka Tuovinen, William Quinton, Andrej Varlagin, Donatella Zona, and Viacheslav I. Zyryanov
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 179–208, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-179-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-179-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The effects of climate warming on carbon cycling across the Arctic–boreal zone (ABZ) remain poorly understood due to the relatively limited distribution of ABZ flux sites. Fortunately, this flux network is constantly increasing, but new measurements are published in various platforms, making it challenging to understand the ABZ carbon cycle as a whole. Here, we compiled a new database of Arctic–boreal CO2 fluxes to help facilitate large-scale assessments of the ABZ carbon cycle.
Arial J. Shogren, Jay P. Zarnetske, Benjamin W. Abbott, Samuel Bratsman, Brian Brown, Michael P. Carey, Randy Fulweber, Heather E. Greaves, Emma Haines, Frances Iannucci, Joshua C. Koch, Alexander Medvedeff, Jonathan A. O'Donnell, Leika Patch, Brett A. Poulin, Tanner J. Williamson, and William B. Bowden
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 95–116, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-95-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-95-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Rapidly sampling multiple points in an entire river network provides a high-resolution snapshot in time that can reveal where nutrients and carbon are being taken up and released. Here, we describe two such datasets of river network chemistry in six Arctic watersheds in northern Alaska. We describe how these repeated snapshots can be used as an indicator of ecosystem response to climate change and to improve predictions of future release of carbon, nutrient, and other solutes.
Lore T. Verryckt, Sara Vicca, Leandro Van Langenhove, Clément Stahl, Dolores Asensio, Ifigenia Urbina, Romà Ogaya, Joan Llusià, Oriol Grau, Guille Peguero, Albert Gargallo-Garriga, Elodie A. Courtois, Olga Margalef, Miguel Portillo-Estrada, Philippe Ciais, Michael Obersteiner, Lucia Fuchslueger, Laynara F. Lugli, Pere-Roc Fernandez-Garberí, Helena Vallicrosa, Melanie Verlinden, Christian Ranits, Pieter Vermeir, Sabrina Coste, Erik Verbruggen, Laëtitia Bréchet, Jordi Sardans, Jérôme Chave, Josep Peñuelas, and Ivan A. Janssens
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 5–18, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-5-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-5-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We provide a comprehensive dataset of vertical profiles of photosynthesis and important leaf traits, including leaf N and P concentrations, from two 3-year, large-scale nutrient addition experiments conducted in two tropical rainforests in French Guiana. These data present a unique source of information to further improve model representations of the roles of N and P, and other leaf nutrients, in photosynthesis in tropical forests.
Xianjin He, Laurent Augusto, Daniel S. Goll, Bruno Ringeval, Yingping Wang, Julian Helfenstein, Yuanyuan Huang, Kailiang Yu, Zhiqiang Wang, Yongchuan Yang, and Enqing Hou
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 5831–5846, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-5831-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-5831-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Our database of globally distributed natural soil total P (STP) concentration showed concentration ranged from 1.4 to 9630.0 (mean 570.0) mg kg−1. Global predictions of STP concentration increased with latitude. Global STP stocks (excluding Antarctica) were estimated to be 26.8 and 62.2 Pg in the topsoil and subsoil, respectively. Our global map of STP concentration can be used to constrain Earth system models representing the P cycle and to inform quantification of global soil P availability.
Luis Guanter, Cédric Bacour, Andreas Schneider, Ilse Aben, Tim A. van Kempen, Fabienne Maignan, Christian Retscher, Philipp Köhler, Christian Frankenberg, Joanna Joiner, and Yongguang Zhang
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 5423–5440, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-5423-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-5423-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) is an electromagnetic signal emitted by plants in the red and far-red parts of the spectrum. It has a functional link to photosynthesis and can be measured by satellite instruments, which makes it an important variable for the remote monitoring of the photosynthetic activity of vegetation ecosystems around the world. In this contribution we present a SIF dataset derived from the new Sentinel-5P TROPOMI missions.
Yi-Wei Zhang, Yanpei Guo, Zhiyao Tang, Yuhao Feng, Xinrong Zhu, Wenting Xu, Yongfei Bai, Guoyi Zhou, Zongqiang Xie, and Jingyun Fang
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 5337–5351, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-5337-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-5337-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are limiting nutrients for ecosystem productivity. For the first time, we mapped N and P densities of living plants, litter, and soil in forest, shrubland, and grassland ecosystems across China using random forest models based on a dataset of 4868 field sites. Our results depicted the spatial distribution pattern, the total pool, and the allocation among ecosystem components of N and P, which could benefit a more precise prediction of the carbon cycle.
McKenzie A. Kuhn, Ruth K. Varner, David Bastviken, Patrick Crill, Sally MacIntyre, Merritt Turetsky, Katey Walter Anthony, Anthony D. McGuire, and David Olefeldt
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 5151–5189, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-5151-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-5151-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Methane (CH4) emissions from the boreal–Arctic region are globally significant, but the current magnitude of annual emissions is not well defined. Here we present a dataset of surface CH4 fluxes from northern wetlands, lakes, and uplands that was built alongside a compatible land cover dataset, sharing the same classifications. We show CH4 fluxes can be split by broad land cover characteristics. The dataset is useful for comparison against new field data and model parameterization or validation.
Simon Besnard, Sujan Koirala, Maurizio Santoro, Ulrich Weber, Jacob Nelson, Jonas Gütter, Bruno Herault, Justin Kassi, Anny N'Guessan, Christopher Neigh, Benjamin Poulter, Tao Zhang, and Nuno Carvalhais
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 4881–4896, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-4881-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-4881-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Forest age can determine the capacity of a forest to uptake carbon from the atmosphere. Yet, a lack of global diagnostics that reflect the forest stage and associated disturbance regimes hampers the quantification of age-related differences in forest carbon dynamics. In this paper, we introduced a new global distribution of forest age inferred from forest inventory, remote sensing and climate data in support of a better understanding of the global dynamics in the forest water and carbon cycles.
Gunta Kalvāne, Andis Kalvāns, and Andris Ģērmanis
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 4621–4633, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-4621-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-4621-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
A phenological (seasonal occurrences) data set in Latvia, northern Europe, is presented. It includes phenological phases of eight taxonomic groups such as timing of leaf unfolding, bird migration, and leaf senescence as well as weather phenomena and agrarian activities from 1979 to 2018. The data provide direct and compelling evidence of climate change like earlier spring blossom and delayed autumn phases of some migratory birds and plants in recent years.
Yuanyuan Huang, Phillipe Ciais, Maurizio Santoro, David Makowski, Jerome Chave, Dmitry Schepaschenko, Rose Z. Abramoff, Daniel S. Goll, Hui Yang, Ye Chen, Wei Wei, and Shilong Piao
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 4263–4274, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-4263-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-4263-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Roots play a key role in our Earth system. Here we combine 10 307 field measurements of forest root biomass worldwide with global observations of forest structure, climatic conditions, topography, land management and soil characteristics to derive a spatially explicit global high-resolution (~ 1 km) root biomass dataset. In total, 142 ± 25 (95 % CI) Pg of live dry-matter biomass is stored belowground, representing a global average root : shoot biomass ratio of 0.25 ± 0.10.
Sebastian Doetterl, Rodrigue K. Asifiwe, Geert Baert, Fernando Bamba, Marijn Bauters, Pascal Boeckx, Benjamin Bukombe, Georg Cadisch, Matthew Cooper, Landry N. Cizungu, Alison Hoyt, Clovis Kabaseke, Karsten Kalbitz, Laurent Kidinda, Annina Maier, Moritz Mainka, Julia Mayrock, Daniel Muhindo, Basile B. Mujinya, Serge M. Mukotanyi, Leon Nabahungu, Mario Reichenbach, Boris Rewald, Johan Six, Anna Stegmann, Laura Summerauer, Robin Unseld, Bernard Vanlauwe, Kristof Van Oost, Kris Verheyen, Cordula Vogel, Florian Wilken, and Peter Fiener
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 4133–4153, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-4133-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-4133-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The African Tropics are hotspots of modern-day land use change and are of great relevance for the global carbon cycle. Here, we present data collected as part of the DFG-funded project TropSOC along topographic, land use, and geochemical gradients in the eastern Congo Basin and the Albertine Rift. Our database contains spatial and temporal data on soil, vegetation, environmental properties, and land management collected from 136 pristine tropical forest and cropland plots between 2017 and 2020.
Maurizio Santoro, Oliver Cartus, Nuno Carvalhais, Danaë M. A. Rozendaal, Valerio Avitabile, Arnan Araza, Sytze de Bruin, Martin Herold, Shaun Quegan, Pedro Rodríguez-Veiga, Heiko Balzter, João Carreiras, Dmitry Schepaschenko, Mikhail Korets, Masanobu Shimada, Takuya Itoh, Álvaro Moreno Martínez, Jura Cavlovic, Roberto Cazzolla Gatti, Polyanna da Conceição Bispo, Nasheta Dewnath, Nicolas Labrière, Jingjing Liang, Jeremy Lindsell, Edward T. A. Mitchard, Alexandra Morel, Ana Maria Pacheco Pascagaza, Casey M. Ryan, Ferry Slik, Gaia Vaglio Laurin, Hans Verbeeck, Arief Wijaya, and Simon Willcock
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 3927–3950, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-3927-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-3927-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Forests play a crucial role in Earth’s carbon cycle. To understand the carbon cycle better, we generated a global dataset of forest above-ground biomass, i.e. carbon stocks, from satellite data of 2010. This dataset provides a comprehensive and detailed portrait of the distribution of carbon in forests, although for dense forests in the tropics values are somewhat underestimated. This dataset will have a considerable impact on climate, carbon, and socio-economic modelling schemes.
Kyle B. Delwiche, Sara Helen Knox, Avni Malhotra, Etienne Fluet-Chouinard, Gavin McNicol, Sarah Feron, Zutao Ouyang, Dario Papale, Carlo Trotta, Eleonora Canfora, You-Wei Cheah, Danielle Christianson, Ma. Carmelita R. Alberto, Pavel Alekseychik, Mika Aurela, Dennis Baldocchi, Sheel Bansal, David P. Billesbach, Gil Bohrer, Rosvel Bracho, Nina Buchmann, David I. Campbell, Gerardo Celis, Jiquan Chen, Weinan Chen, Housen Chu, Higo J. Dalmagro, Sigrid Dengel, Ankur R. Desai, Matteo Detto, Han Dolman, Elke Eichelmann, Eugenie Euskirchen, Daniela Famulari, Kathrin Fuchs, Mathias Goeckede, Sébastien Gogo, Mangaliso J. Gondwe, Jordan P. Goodrich, Pia Gottschalk, Scott L. Graham, Martin Heimann, Manuel Helbig, Carole Helfter, Kyle S. Hemes, Takashi Hirano, David Hollinger, Lukas Hörtnagl, Hiroki Iwata, Adrien Jacotot, Gerald Jurasinski, Minseok Kang, Kuno Kasak, John King, Janina Klatt, Franziska Koebsch, Ken W. Krauss, Derrick Y. F. Lai, Annalea Lohila, Ivan Mammarella, Luca Belelli Marchesini, Giovanni Manca, Jaclyn Hatala Matthes, Trofim Maximov, Lutz Merbold, Bhaskar Mitra, Timothy H. Morin, Eiko Nemitz, Mats B. Nilsson, Shuli Niu, Walter C. Oechel, Patricia Y. Oikawa, Keisuke Ono, Matthias Peichl, Olli Peltola, Michele L. Reba, Andrew D. Richardson, William Riley, Benjamin R. K. Runkle, Youngryel Ryu, Torsten Sachs, Ayaka Sakabe, Camilo Rey Sanchez, Edward A. Schuur, Karina V. R. Schäfer, Oliver Sonnentag, Jed P. Sparks, Ellen Stuart-Haëntjens, Cove Sturtevant, Ryan C. Sullivan, Daphne J. Szutu, Jonathan E. Thom, Margaret S. Torn, Eeva-Stiina Tuittila, Jessica Turner, Masahito Ueyama, Alex C. Valach, Rodrigo Vargas, Andrej Varlagin, Alma Vazquez-Lule, Joseph G. Verfaillie, Timo Vesala, George L. Vourlitis, Eric J. Ward, Christian Wille, Georg Wohlfahrt, Guan Xhuan Wong, Zhen Zhang, Donatella Zona, Lisamarie Windham-Myers, Benjamin Poulter, and Robert B. Jackson
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 3607–3689, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-3607-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-3607-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Methane is an important greenhouse gas, yet we lack knowledge about its global emissions and drivers. We present FLUXNET-CH4, a new global collection of methane measurements and a critical resource for the research community. We use FLUXNET-CH4 data to quantify the seasonality of methane emissions from freshwater wetlands, finding that methane seasonality varies strongly with latitude. Our new database and analysis will improve wetland model accuracy and inform greenhouse gas budgets.
Frans-Jan W. Parmentier, Lennart Nilsen, Hans Tømmervik, and Elisabeth J. Cooper
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 3593–3606, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-3593-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-3593-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Satellites provide a global overview of Earth's ecosystems, but they have coarse resolutions and low revisit times. Small-scale vegetation patterns and sudden shifts in plant growth can easily be missed. In this paper, we show how to fill these gaps with vegetation indices obtained with ordinary time-lapse cameras deployed across a valley on Svalbard. We show how to adjust for unwanted camera movement and that vegetation indices from ordinary cameras compare well to those used by satellites.
Rafael Poyatos, Víctor Granda, Víctor Flo, Mark A. Adams, Balázs Adorján, David Aguadé, Marcos P. M. Aidar, Scott Allen, M. Susana Alvarado-Barrientos, Kristina J. Anderson-Teixeira, Luiza Maria Aparecido, M. Altaf Arain, Ismael Aranda, Heidi Asbjornsen, Robert Baxter, Eric Beamesderfer, Z. Carter Berry, Daniel Berveiller, Bethany Blakely, Johnny Boggs, Gil Bohrer, Paul V. Bolstad, Damien Bonal, Rosvel Bracho, Patricia Brito, Jason Brodeur, Fernando Casanoves, Jérôme Chave, Hui Chen, Cesar Cisneros, Kenneth Clark, Edoardo Cremonese, Hongzhong Dang, Jorge S. David, Teresa S. David, Nicolas Delpierre, Ankur R. Desai, Frederic C. Do, Michal Dohnal, Jean-Christophe Domec, Sebinasi Dzikiti, Colin Edgar, Rebekka Eichstaedt, Tarek S. El-Madany, Jan Elbers, Cleiton B. Eller, Eugénie S. Euskirchen, Brent Ewers, Patrick Fonti, Alicia Forner, David I. Forrester, Helber C. Freitas, Marta Galvagno, Omar Garcia-Tejera, Chandra Prasad Ghimire, Teresa E. Gimeno, John Grace, André Granier, Anne Griebel, Yan Guangyu, Mark B. Gush, Paul J. Hanson, Niles J. Hasselquist, Ingo Heinrich, Virginia Hernandez-Santana, Valentine Herrmann, Teemu Hölttä, Friso Holwerda, James Irvine, Supat Isarangkool Na Ayutthaya, Paul G. Jarvis, Hubert Jochheim, Carlos A. Joly, Julia Kaplick, Hyun Seok Kim, Leif Klemedtsson, Heather Kropp, Fredrik Lagergren, Patrick Lane, Petra Lang, Andrei Lapenas, Víctor Lechuga, Minsu Lee, Christoph Leuschner, Jean-Marc Limousin, Juan Carlos Linares, Maj-Lena Linderson, Anders Lindroth, Pilar Llorens, Álvaro López-Bernal, Michael M. Loranty, Dietmar Lüttschwager, Cate Macinnis-Ng, Isabelle Maréchaux, Timothy A. Martin, Ashley Matheny, Nate McDowell, Sean McMahon, Patrick Meir, Ilona Mészáros, Mirco Migliavacca, Patrick Mitchell, Meelis Mölder, Leonardo Montagnani, Georgianne W. Moore, Ryogo Nakada, Furong Niu, Rachael H. Nolan, Richard Norby, Kimberly Novick, Walter Oberhuber, Nikolaus Obojes, A. Christopher Oishi, Rafael S. Oliveira, Ram Oren, Jean-Marc Ourcival, Teemu Paljakka, Oscar Perez-Priego, Pablo L. Peri, Richard L. Peters, Sebastian Pfautsch, William T. Pockman, Yakir Preisler, Katherine Rascher, George Robinson, Humberto Rocha, Alain Rocheteau, Alexander Röll, Bruno H. P. Rosado, Lucy Rowland, Alexey V. Rubtsov, Santiago Sabaté, Yann Salmon, Roberto L. Salomón, Elisenda Sánchez-Costa, Karina V. R. Schäfer, Bernhard Schuldt, Alexandr Shashkin, Clément Stahl, Marko Stojanović, Juan Carlos Suárez, Ge Sun, Justyna Szatniewska, Fyodor Tatarinov, Miroslav Tesař, Frank M. Thomas, Pantana Tor-ngern, Josef Urban, Fernando Valladares, Christiaan van der Tol, Ilja van Meerveld, Andrej Varlagin, Holm Voigt, Jeffrey Warren, Christiane Werner, Willy Werner, Gerhard Wieser, Lisa Wingate, Stan Wullschleger, Koong Yi, Roman Zweifel, Kathy Steppe, Maurizio Mencuccini, and Jordi Martínez-Vilalta
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 2607–2649, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-2607-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-2607-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Transpiration is a key component of global water balance, but it is poorly constrained from available observations. We present SAPFLUXNET, the first global database of tree-level transpiration from sap flow measurements, containing 202 datasets and covering a wide range of ecological conditions. SAPFLUXNET and its accompanying R software package
sapfluxnetrwill facilitate new data syntheses on the ecological factors driving water use and drought responses of trees and forests.
Tessa Sophia van der Voort, Thomas Michael Blattmann, Muhammed Usman, Daniel Montluçon, Thomas Loeffler, Maria Luisa Tavagna, Nicolas Gruber, and Timothy Ian Eglinton
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 2135–2146, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-2135-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-2135-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Ocean sediments form the largest and longest-term storage of organic carbon. Despite their global importance, information on these sediments is often scattered, incomplete or inaccessible. Here we present MOSAIC (Modern Ocean Sediment Archive and Inventory of Carbon, mosaic.ethz.ch), a (radio)carbon-centric database that addresses this information gap. This database provides a platform for assessing the transport, deposition and storage of carbon in ocean surface sediments.
Zhen Zhang, Etienne Fluet-Chouinard, Katherine Jensen, Kyle McDonald, Gustaf Hugelius, Thomas Gumbricht, Mark Carroll, Catherine Prigent, Annett Bartsch, and Benjamin Poulter
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 2001–2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-2001-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-2001-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The spatiotemporal distribution of wetlands is one of the important and yet uncertain factors determining the time and locations of methane fluxes. The Wetland Area and Dynamics for Methane Modeling (WAD2M) dataset describes the global data product used to quantify the areal dynamics of natural wetlands and how global wetlands are changing in response to climate.
Esteban Alonso-González and Víctor Fernández-García
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 1925–1938, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-1925-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-1925-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We present the first global burn severity database (MOSEV database), which is based on Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) surface reflectance and burned area products. The database inludes monthly scenes with the dNBR, RdNBR and post-burn NBR spectral indices at 500 m spatial resolution from November 2000 onwards. Moreover, in this work we show that there is a close relationship between the burn severity metrics included in MOSEV and the same ones obtained from Landsat-8.
William R. Wieder, Derek Pierson, Stevan Earl, Kate Lajtha, Sara G. Baer, Ford Ballantyne, Asmeret Asefaw Berhe, Sharon A. Billings, Laurel M. Brigham, Stephany S. Chacon, Jennifer Fraterrigo, Serita D. Frey, Katerina Georgiou, Marie-Anne de Graaff, A. Stuart Grandy, Melannie D. Hartman, Sarah E. Hobbie, Chris Johnson, Jason Kaye, Emily Kyker-Snowman, Marcy E. Litvak, Michelle C. Mack, Avni Malhotra, Jessica A. M. Moore, Knute Nadelhoffer, Craig Rasmussen, Whendee L. Silver, Benjamin N. Sulman, Xanthe Walker, and Samantha Weintraub
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 1843–1854, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-1843-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-1843-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Data collected from research networks present opportunities to test theories and develop models about factors responsible for the long-term persistence and vulnerability of soil organic matter (SOM). Here we present the SOils DAta Harmonization database (SoDaH), a flexible database designed to harmonize diverse SOM datasets from multiple research networks.
Mario Guevara, Michela Taufer, and Rodrigo Vargas
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 1711–1735, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-1711-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-1711-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Soil moisture is key for understanding soil–plant–atmosphere interactions. We provide a machine learning approach to increase the spatial resolution of satellite-derived soil moisture information. The outcome is a dataset of gap-free global mean annual soil moisture predictions and associated uncertainty for 28 years (1991–2018) across 15 km grids. This dataset has higher agreement with in situ soil moisture and precipitation measurements. Results show a decline of global annual soil moisture.
Francesco N. Tubiello, Giulia Conchedda, Nathan Wanner, Sandro Federici, Simone Rossi, and Giacomo Grassi
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 1681–1691, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-1681-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-1681-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents the first estimates of forest carbon fluxes (1990–2020) based on the new Global Forest Resources Assessment (FRA) 2020. We document for the first time in the literature forest carbon fluxes for the last decade 2011–2020. Results show that carbon losses from net forest conversion (3.1 billion tonnes of CO2) were counterbalanced by carbon gains on forest land (−3.3 billion tonnes of CO2), resulting in the world's forests acting overall as a small carbon sink in the past decade.
Linqing Yang and Asko Noormets
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 1461–1475, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-1461-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-1461-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We present a flux seasonality metrics database (FSMD) depicting a set of standardized metrics of ecosystem biogeochemical fluxes of CO2, water, and energy, including transition dates, phase lengths, and rates of change with uncertainty estimates. FSMD allows assessment of spatial and temporal patterns in developmental dynamics, validation of novel aspects of phenology product, and process models. It is calculated from FLUXNET2015 data product and will be updated with new FLUXNET data releases.
Raphaël d'Andrimont, Astrid Verhegghen, Michele Meroni, Guido Lemoine, Peter Strobl, Beatrice Eiselt, Momchil Yordanov, Laura Martinez-Sanchez, and Marijn van der Velde
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 1119–1133, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-1119-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-1119-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The Land Use/Cover Area frame Survey (LUCAS) is a regular in situ land cover and land use ground survey exercise that extends over the whole of the European Union. A new LUCAS module specifically tailored to Earth observation was introduced in 2018: the LUCAS Copernicus module. This paper summarizes the LUCAS Copernicus survey and provides the unique resulting data: 58 426 polygons with level-3 land cover (66 specific classes including crop type) and land use (38 classes).
Jeff W. Atkins, Elizabeth Agee, Alexandra Barry, Kyla M. Dahlin, Kalyn Dorheim, Maxim S. Grigri, Lisa T. Haber, Laura J. Hickey, Aaron G. Kamoske, Kayla Mathes, Catherine McGuigan, Evan Paris, Stephanie C. Pennington, Carly Rodriguez, Autym Shafer, Alexey Shiklomanov, Jason Tallant, Christopher M. Gough, and Ben Bond-Lamberty
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 943–952, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-943-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-943-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The fortedata R package is an open data notebook from the Forest Resilience Threshold Experiment (FoRTE) – a modeling and manipulative field experiment that tests the effects of disturbance severity and disturbance type on carbon cycling dynamics in a temperate forest. The data included help to interpret how carbon cycling processes respond over time to disturbance.
Autun Purser, Simon Dreutter, Huw Griffiths, Laura Hehemann, Kerstin Jerosch, Axel Nordhausen, Dieter Piepenburg, Claudio Richter, Henning Schröder, and Boris Dorschel
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 609–615, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-609-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-609-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This dataset comprises 26-megapixel seafloor images collected from below ice and steeply sloped regions of the Southern Ocean (the western Weddell Sea; the Powell Basin; and the rapidly shallowing, iceberg-scoured Nachtigaller Shoal). These data were collected with the Ocean Floor Observation and Bathymetry System (OFOBS), an advanced towed camera platform incorporating various sonar devices to aid in hazard avoidance and seafloor mapping, for use in challenging, high-relief seafloor areas.
Zihao Bian, Hanqin Tian, Qichun Yang, Rongting Xu, Shufen Pan, and Bowen Zhang
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 515–527, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-515-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-515-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The estimation of manure nutrient production and application is critical for the efficient use of manure nutrients. This study developed four manure nitrogen and phosphorus datasets with high spatial resolution and a long time period (1860–2017) in the US. The datasets can provide useful information for stakeholders and scientists who focus on agriculture, nutrient budget, and biogeochemical cycle.
Zhan Hu, Pim W. J. M. Willemsen, Bas W. Borsje, Chen Wang, Heng Wang, Daphne van der Wal, Zhenchang Zhu, Bas Oteman, Vincent Vuik, Ben Evans, Iris Möller, Jean-Philippe Belliard, Alexander Van Braeckel, Stijn Temmerman, and Tjeerd J. Bouma
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 405–416, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-405-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-405-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Erosion and accretion processes govern the ecogeomorphic evolution of intertidal (salt marsh and tidal flat) ecosystems and hence substantially affect their valuable ecosystem services. By applying a novel sensor, we obtained unique high-resolution daily bed-level change datasets from 10 marsh–mudflat sites in northwestern Europe. This dataset has revealed diverse spatial bed-level change patterns over daily to seasonal scales, which are valuable to theoretical and model development.
Junjie Liu, Latha Baskaran, Kevin Bowman, David Schimel, A. Anthony Bloom, Nicholas C. Parazoo, Tomohiro Oda, Dustin Carroll, Dimitris Menemenlis, Joanna Joiner, Roisin Commane, Bruce Daube, Lucianna V. Gatti, Kathryn McKain, John Miller, Britton B. Stephens, Colm Sweeney, and Steven Wofsy
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 299–330, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-299-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-299-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
On average, the terrestrial biosphere carbon sink is equivalent to ~ 20 % of fossil fuel emissions. Understanding where and why the terrestrial biosphere absorbs carbon from the atmosphere is pivotal to any mitigation policy. Here we present a regionally resolved satellite-constrained net biosphere exchange (NBE) dataset with corresponding uncertainties between 2010–2018: CMS-Flux NBE 2020. The dataset provides a unique perspective on monitoring regional contributions to the CO2 growth rate.
Chongya Jiang, Kaiyu Guan, Genghong Wu, Bin Peng, and Sheng Wang
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 281–298, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-281-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-281-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Photosynthesis, quantified by gross primary production (GPP), is a key Earth system process. To date, there is a lack of a high-spatiotemporal-resolution, real-time and observation-based GPP dataset. This work addresses this gap by developing a SatelLite Only Photosynthesis Estimation (SLOPE) model and generating a new GPP product, which is advanced in spatial and temporal resolutions, instantaneity, and quantitative uncertainty. The dataset will benefit a range of research and applications.
Andrey N. Shikhov, Alexander V. Chernokulsky, Igor O. Azhigov, and Anastasia V. Semakina
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 3489–3513, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-3489-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-3489-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Severe winds are among the main causes of forest disturbances in Russia. However, compared to other European countries, windthrows in Russian forests remain substantially understudied. In this study, we compiled a new spatial database of stand-replacing (total) windthrows in the forest zone of European Russia for 1986–2017. Windthrows were delineated mainly with Landsat images. The total area of windthrows was estimated to be 2966 km2 (0.19 % of the total forest-covered area).
Giulia Conchedda and Francesco N. Tubiello
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 3113–3137, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-3113-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-3113-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
This paper describes the FAO methodology used to globally assess areas of drained organic soils and peatlands due to agriculture over the period 1990–2019. We overlay geospatial information of soil type, land cover, agro-climatic zones, livestock distribution and IPCC coefficients, then aggregate it at national level for over 200 countries and territories. Results are compared to inventory data reported to UNFCCC, showing good agreement between the FAO estimates and country data.
Catherine L. Barnett, Nicholas A. Beresford, Michael D. Wood, Maria Izquierdo, Lee A. Walker, and Ross Fawkes
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 3021–3038, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-3021-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-3021-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
This paper describes data from a study conducted in 2015–2016 to sample terrestrial wildlife, soil and water from two forests in north-eastern England. Sampling was targeted towards species representative of the International Commission on Radiological Protection’s (ICRP) terrestrial Reference Animals and Plants (RAPs): Wild Grass, Pine Tree, Earthworm, Bee, Rat, Deer and Frog. The dataset comprises stable-element and radionuclide activity concentrations.
Naixin Fan, Sujan Koirala, Markus Reichstein, Martin Thurner, Valerio Avitabile, Maurizio Santoro, Bernhard Ahrens, Ulrich Weber, and Nuno Carvalhais
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 2517–2536, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-2517-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-2517-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The turnover time of terrestrial carbon (τ) controls the global carbon cycle–climate feedback. In this study, we provide a new, updated ensemble of diagnostic terrestrial carbon turnover times and associated uncertainties on a global scale. Despite the large variation in both magnitude and spatial patterns of τ, we identified robust features in the spatial patterns of τ which could contribute to uncertainty reductions in future projections of the carbon cycle–climate feedback.
Tim G. Reichenau, Wolfgang Korres, Marius Schmidt, Alexander Graf, Gerhard Welp, Nele Meyer, Anja Stadler, Cosimo Brogi, and Karl Schneider
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 2333–2364, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-2333-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-2333-2020, 2020
Christina Schädel, Jeffrey Beem-Miller, Mina Aziz Rad, Susan E. Crow, Caitlin E. Hicks Pries, Jessica Ernakovich, Alison M. Hoyt, Alain Plante, Shane Stoner, Claire C. Treat, and Carlos A. Sierra
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 1511–1524, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-1511-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-1511-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Carbon loss to the atmosphere via microbial decomposition is often assessed by laboratory soil incubation studies that measure greenhouse gases released from soils under controlled conditions. Here, we introduce the Soil Incubation Database (SIDb) version 1.0, a compilation of time series data from incubations, structured into a new, publicly available, open-access database of carbon dioxide and methane flux. We also provide guidance for database entry and the required variables.
Christopher P. O. Reyer, Ramiro Silveyra Gonzalez, Klara Dolos, Florian Hartig, Ylva Hauf, Matthias Noack, Petra Lasch-Born, Thomas Rötzer, Hans Pretzsch, Henning Meesenburg, Stefan Fleck, Markus Wagner, Andreas Bolte, Tanja G. M. Sanders, Pasi Kolari, Annikki Mäkelä, Timo Vesala, Ivan Mammarella, Jukka Pumpanen, Alessio Collalti, Carlo Trotta, Giorgio Matteucci, Ettore D'Andrea, Lenka Foltýnová, Jan Krejza, Andreas Ibrom, Kim Pilegaard, Denis Loustau, Jean-Marc Bonnefond, Paul Berbigier, Delphine Picart, Sébastien Lafont, Michael Dietze, David Cameron, Massimo Vieno, Hanqin Tian, Alicia Palacios-Orueta, Victor Cicuendez, Laura Recuero, Klaus Wiese, Matthias Büchner, Stefan Lange, Jan Volkholz, Hyungjun Kim, Joanna A. Horemans, Friedrich Bohn, Jörg Steinkamp, Alexander Chikalanov, Graham P. Weedon, Justin Sheffield, Flurin Babst, Iliusi Vega del Valle, Felicitas Suckow, Simon Martel, Mats Mahnken, Martin Gutsch, and Katja Frieler
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 1295–1320, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-1295-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-1295-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Process-based vegetation models are widely used to predict local and global ecosystem dynamics and climate change impacts. Due to their complexity, they require careful parameterization and evaluation to ensure that projections are accurate and reliable. The PROFOUND Database provides a wide range of empirical data to calibrate and evaluate vegetation models that simulate climate impacts at the forest stand scale to support systematic model intercomparisons and model development in Europe.
Gregory Duveiller, Federico Filipponi, Sophia Walther, Philipp Köhler, Christian Frankenberg, Luis Guanter, and Alessandro Cescatti
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 1101–1116, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-1101-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-1101-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence is a valuable indicator of vegetation productivity, but our capacity to measure it from space using satellite remote techniques has been hampered by a lack of spatial detail. Based on prior knowledge of how ecosystems should respond to growing conditions in some modelling along with ancillary satellite observations, we provide here a new enhanced dataset with higher spatial resolution that better represents the spatial patterns of vegetation growth over land.
Xiaolu Tang, Shaohui Fan, Manyi Du, Wenjie Zhang, Sicong Gao, Shibin Liu, Guo Chen, Zhen Yu, and Wunian Yang
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 1037–1051, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-1037-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-1037-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Global soil heterotrophic respiration (RH) was modelled using Random Forest by linking published observations and globally gridded environmental variables. Globally, RH increased from 55.8 to 58.3 Pg C a−1 with an increasing trend of 0.036 ± 0.007 Pg C a−2 and an annual mean RH of 57.2 ± 0.6 Pg C a−1 over 1980–2016. The developed RH dataset has great potential to serve as a benchmark to constrain global vegetation models.
David Chandler and Shona Mackie
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 897–906, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-897-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-897-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The activity of microorganisms at the bottom of the marine food chain has rarely been measured under sea ice in winter. We present the first observations of Arctic winter microbial activity under sea ice in a west Greenland fjord. By measuring changes in the oxygen concentration of seawater under the ice, we found low but significant levels of activity, suggesting these microbial communities may constitute an important part of the winter marine ecosystem.
Wei Li, Philippe Ciais, Elke Stehfest, Detlef van Vuuren, Alexander Popp, Almut Arneth, Fulvio Di Fulvio, Jonathan Doelman, Florian Humpenöder, Anna B. Harper, Taejin Park, David Makowski, Petr Havlik, Michael Obersteiner, Jingmeng Wang, Andreas Krause, and Wenfeng Liu
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 789–804, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-789-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-789-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We generated spatially explicit bioenergy crop yields based on field measurements with climate, soil condition and remote-sensing variables as explanatory variables and the machine-learning method. We further compared our yield maps with the maps from three integrated assessment models (IAMs; IMAGE, MAgPIE and GLOBIOM) and found that the median yields in our maps are > 50 % higher than those in the IAM maps.
Cited articles
ACIA: Impacts of a Warming Arctic: Arctic Climate Impact Assessment,
Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, available at:
https://www.amap.no/documents/doc/impacts-of-a-warming-arctic-2004/786
(last access: 27 September 2018), 2004.
Baldocchi, D.: 'Breathing' of the terrestrial biosphere: lessons learned from
a global network of carbon dioxide flux measurement systems, Aust. J. Bot.,
56, 1–26, https://doi.org/10.1071/BT07151, 2008.
Billings, W. D. and Peterson, K. M.: Vegetational change and ice-wedge
polygons through the thaw-lake cycle in Arctic Alaska, Arctic Alpine Res.,
12, 413–432, 1980.
Black, R. F.: Gubik Formation of Quaternary age in northern Alaska, United
States Geological Survey, available at:
http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/pp302C (last access: 29 July 2014),
1964.
Bockheim, J. G. and Tarnocai, C.: Recognition of cryoturbation for
classifying permafrost-affected soils, Geoderma, 81, 281–293,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7061(97)00115-8, 1998.
Bockheim, J. G., Everett, L. R., Hinkel, K. M., Nelson, F. E., and Brown, J.:
Soil organic carbon storage and distribution in Arctic tundra, Barrow,
Alaska, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 63, 934–940, 1999.
Bond-Lamberty, B. and Thomson, A.: A global database of soil respiration
data, Biogeosciences, 7, 1915–1926, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-1915-2010, 2010.
Borken, W., Savage, K., Davidson, E. A., and Trumbore, S. E.: Effects of
experimental drought on soil respiration and radiocarbon efflux from a
temperate forest soil, Glob. Change Biol., 12, 177–193,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.001058.x, 2006.
Brown, J., Miller, P. C., Tieszen, L. L., and Bunnell, F.: An Arctic
ecosystem?: the coastal tundra at Barrow, Alaska, Dowden, Hutchinson and
Ross, Inc., Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania, available at:
https://darchive.mblwhoilibrary.org/handle/1912/222 (last access:
30 March 2014), 1980.
Bubier, J., Crill, P., and Mosedale, A.: Net ecosystem CO2 exchange
measured by autochambers during the snow-covered season at a temperate
peatland, Hydrol. Process., 16, 3667–3682, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.1233, 2002.
Chapin III, F. S., Tieszen, L. L., Lewis, M. C., Miller, P. C., and McCown,
B. H.: Control of tundra plant allocation patterns and growth, in: An Arctic
Ecosystem: The Coastal Tundra at Barrow, Alaska, edited by: Brown, J.,
Miller, P. C., Tieszen, L. L., and Bunnell, F., Dowden Hutchinson Ross
Stroudsburg Penn, 140–185, 1980.
Chasar, L. S., Chanton, J. P., Glaser, P. H., Siegel, D. I., and Rivers, J.
S.: Radiocarbon and stable carbon isotopic evidence for transport and
transformation of dissolved organic carbon, dissolved inorganic carbon, and
CH4 in a northern Minnesota peatland, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 14,
1095–1108, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999GB001221, 2000.
Czimczik, C. I. and Welker, J. M.: Radiocarbon Content of CO2
Respired from High Arctic Tundra in Northwest Greenland, Arct. Antarct. Alp.
Res., 42, 342–350, https://doi.org/10.1657/1938-4246-42.3.342, 2010.
Davidson, E. A., Savage, K., Verchot, L. V., and Navarro, R.: Minimizing
artifacts and biases in chamber-based measurements of soil respiration, Agr.
Forest Meteorol., 113, 21–37, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1923(02)00100-4, 2002.
Dennis, J. G.: Distribution Patterns of Belowground Standing Crop in Arctic
Tundra at Barrow, Alaska, Arctic Alpine Res., 9, 113–127,
https://doi.org/10.2307/1550574, 1977.
Dioumaeva, I., Trumbore, S., Schuur, E. A. G., Goulden, M. L., Litvak, M.,
and Hirsch, A. I.: Decomposition of peat from upland boreal forest:
Temperature dependence and sources of respired carbon, J. Geophys. Res., 107,
8222, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JD000848, 2002.
Donner, N., Karpov, N. S., de Klerk, P., and Joosten, H.: Distribution,
diversity, development and dynamics of polygon mires: examples from Northeast
Yakutia (Siberia), available at:
http://www.pimdeklerk-palynology.eu/polygon_mires_PI__Minke_et_al_2007_.pdf
(last access: 27 September 2018), 2007.
Egan, J., Nickerson, N., Phillips, C., and Risk, D.: A Numerical Examination
of 14CO2 Chamber Methodologies for Sampling at the Soil Surface,
Radiocarbon, 56, 1175–1188, https://doi.org/10.2458/56.17771, 2014.
Elberling, B., Michelsen, A., Schädel, C., Schuur, E. A. G.,
Christiansen, H. H., Berg, L., Tamstorf, M. P., and Sigsgaard, C.: Long-term
CO2 production following permafrost thaw, Nat. Clim. Change, 3, 890–894,
https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate1955, 2013.
Gaudinski, J. B., Trumbore, S. E., Davidson, E. A., and Zheng, S.: Soil
carbon cycling in a temperate forest: radiocarbon-based estimates of
residence times, sequestration rates and partitioning of fluxes,
Biogeochemistry, 51, 33–69, 2000.
Graven, H. D., Guilderson, T. P., and Keeling, R. F.: Observations of
radiocarbon in CO2 at seven global sampling sites in the Scripps
flask network: Analysis of spatial gradients and seasonal cycles, J. Geophys.
Res., 117, D02303, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JD016535, 2012.
Hahn, V., Högberg, P., and Buchmann, N.: 14C – a tool for
separation of autotrophic and heterotrophic soil respiration, Glob. Change
Biol., 12, 972–982, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.001143.x, 2006.
Hardie, S. M. L., Garnett, M. H., Fallick, A. E., Ostle, N. J., and Rowland,
A. P.: Bomb-14C analysis of ecosystem respiration reveals that
peatland vegetation facilitates release of old carbon, Geoderma, 153,
393–401, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2009.09.002, 2009.
He, Y., Trumbore, S. E., Torn, M. S., Harden, J. W., Vaughn, L. J. S.,
Allison, S. D., and Randerson, J. T.: Radiocarbon constraints imply reduced
carbon uptake by soils during the 21st century, Science, 353, 1419–1424,
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aad4273, 2016.
Hicks Pries, C. E., Schuur, E. A. G., and Crummer, K. G.: Thawing permafrost
increases old soil and autotrophic respiration in tundra: Partitioning
ecosystem respiration using δ13C and 14C, Glob.
Change Biol., 19, 649–661, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12058, 2013.
Hinkel, K. M. and Nelson, F. E.: Spatial and temporal patterns of active
layer thickness at Circumpolar Active Layer Monitoring (CALM) sites in
northern Alaska, 1995–2000, J. Geophys. Res., 108, 8168,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JD000927, 2003.
Hinkel, K. M., Paetzold, F., Nelson, F. E., and Bockheim, J. G.: Patterns of
soil temperature and moisture in the active layer and upper permafrost at
Barrow, Alaska: 1993–1999, Glob. Planet. Change, 29, 293–309,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0921-8181(01)00096-0, 2001.
Hopkins, F. M., Torn, M. S., and Trumbore, S. E.: Warming accelerates
decomposition of decades-old carbon in forest soils, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA,
109, E1753–E1761, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1120603109, 2012.
Hubbard, S. S., Gangodagamage, C., Dafflon, B., Wainwright, H., Peterson, J.,
Gusmeroli, A., Ulrich, C., Wu, Y., Wilson, C., Rowland, J., Tweedie, C., and
Wullschleger, S. D.: Quantifying and relating land-surface and subsurface
variability in permafrost environments using LiDAR and surface geophysical
datasets, Hydrogeol. J., 21, 149–169, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-012-0939-y, 2013.
Hugelius, G., Strauss, J., Zubrzycki, S., Harden, J. W., Schuur, E. A. G.,
Ping, C.-L., Schirrmeister, L., Grosse, G., Michaelson, G. J., Koven, C. D.,
O'Donnell, J. A., Elberling, B., Mishra, U., Camill, P., Yu, Z., Palmtag, J.,
and Kuhry, P.: Estimated stocks of circumpolar permafrost carbon with
quantified uncertainty ranges and identified data gaps, Biogeosciences, 11,
6573–6593, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-6573-2014, 2014.
Iversen, C. M., Sloan, V. L., Sullivan, P. F., Euskirchen, E. S., McGuire, A.
D., Norby, R. J., Walker, A. P., Warren, J. M., and Wullschleger, S. D.: The
unseen iceberg: plant roots in arctic tundra, New Phytol., 205, 34–58,
https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.13003, 2015.
Kaiser, C., Meyer, H., Biasi, C., Rusalimova, O., Barsukov, P., and Richter,
A.: Conservation of soil organic matter through cryoturbation in arctic soils
in Siberia, J. Geophys. Res., 112, G02017, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JG000258, 2007.
Koven, C. D., Lawrence, D. M., and Riley, W. J.: Permafrost carbon-climate
feedback is sensitive to deep soil carbon decomposability but not deep soil
nitrogen dynamics, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 112, 3752–3757,
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1415123112, 2015.
Kuhry, P., Grosse, G., Harden, J. W., Hugelius, G., Koven, C. D., Ping,
C.-L., Schirrmeister, L., and Tarnocai, C.: Characterisation of the
Permafrost Carbon Pool, Permafrost Periglac., 24, 146–155,
https://doi.org/10.1002/ppp.1782, 2013.
Lara, M. J., McGuire, A. D., Euskirchen, E. S., Tweedie, C. E., Hinkel, K.
M., Skurikhin, A. N., Romanovsky, V. E., Grosse, G., Bolton, W. R., and
Genet, H.: Polygonal tundra geomorphological change in response to warming
alters future CO2 and CH4 flux on the Barrow Peninsula, Glob.
Change Biol., 21, 1634–1651, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12757, 2014.
Lee, H., Schuur, E. A. G., and Vogel, J. G.: Soil CO2 production in
upland tundra where permafrost is thawing, J. Geophys. Res., 115, G01009,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JG000906, 2010.
Liljedahl, A. K., Boike, J., Daanen, R. P., Fedorov, A. N., Frost, G. V.,
Grosse, G., Hinzman, L. D., Iijma, Y., Jorgenson, J. C., Matveyeva, N.,
Necsoiu, M., Raynolds, M. K., Romanovsky, V. E., Schulla, J., Tape, K. D.,
Walker, D. A., Wilson, C. J., Yabuki, H., and Zona, D.: Pan-Arctic ice-wedge
degradation in warming permafrost and its influence on tundra hydrology, Nat.
Geosci., 9, 312–318, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2674, 2016.
Lipson, D. A., Zona, D., Raab, T. K., Bozzolo, F., Mauritz, M., and Oechel,
W. C.: Water-table height and microtopography control biogeochemical cycling
in an Arctic coastal tundra ecosystem, Biogeosciences, 9, 577–591,
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-577-2012, 2012.
Loya, W. M., Johnson, L. C., Kling, G. W., King, J. Y., Reeburgh, W. S., and
Nadelhoffer, K. J.: Pulse-labeling studies of carbon cycling in arctic tundra
ecosystems: Contribution of photosynthates to soil organic matter, Global
Biogeochem. Cy., 16, 1101, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001GB001464, 2002.
Lupascu, M., Welker, J. M., Xu, X., and Czimczik, C. I.: Rates and
radiocarbon content of summer ecosystem respiration in response to long-term
deeper snow in the High Arctic of NW Greenland, J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci.,
119, 1180–1194, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JG002494, 2014a.
Lupascu, M., Welker, J. M., Seibt, U., Xu, X., Velicogna, I., Lindsey, D. S.,
and Czimczik, C. I.: The amount and timing of precipitation control the
magnitude, seasonality and sources (14C) of ecosystem respiration
in a polar semi-desert, northwestern Greenland, Biogeosciences, 11,
4289–4304, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-4289-2014, 2014b.
McFarlane, K. J., Torn, M. S., Hanson, P. J., Porras, R. C., Swanston, C. W.,
Callaham, M. A., and Guilderson, T. P.: Comparison of soil organic matter
dynamics at five temperate deciduous forests with physical fractionation and
radiocarbon measurements, Biogeochemistry, 112, 457–476,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-012-9740-1, 2013.
Meijer, H. J., Pertuisot, M. H., and van der Plicht, J.: High-accuracy
614C measurements for atmospheric CO2 samples by AMS,
Radiocarbon, 48, 355–372, 2008.
Mikan, C. J., Schimel, J. P., and Doyle, A. P.: Temperature controls of
microbial respiration in arctic tundra soils above and below freezing, Soil
Biol. Biochem., 34, 1785–1795, 2002.
Mueller, C. W., Rethemeyer, J., Kao-Kniffin, J., Löppmann, S., Hinkel, K.
M., and G. Bockheim, J.: Large amounts of labile organic carbon in permafrost
soils of northern Alaska, Glob. Change Biol., 21, 2804–2817,
https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12876, 2015.
Newman, B. D., Throckmorton, H. M., Graham, D. E., Gu, B., Hubbard, S. S.,
Liang, L., Wu, Y., Heikoop, J. M., Herndon, E. M., Phelps, T. J., Wilson, C.
J., and Wullschleger, S. D.: Microtopographic and depth controls on active
layer chemistry in Arctic polygonal ground, Geophys. Res. Lett., 42,
1808–1817, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GL062804, 2015.
NOAA: National Weather Service Climate Services, available at:
https://w2.weather.gov/climate/xmacis.php?wfo=pafg, last access:
9 October 2018.
Norman, J. M., Kucharik, C. J., Gower, S. T., Baldocchi, D. D., Crill, P. M.,
Rayment, M., Savage, K., and Striegl, R. G.: A comparison of six methods for
measuring soil-surface carbon dioxide fluxes, J. Geophys. Res., 102,
28771–28777, https://doi.org/10.1029/97JD01440, 1997.
Nowinski, N. S., Taneva, L., Trumbore, S. E., and Welker, J. M.:
Decomposition of old organic matter as a result of deeper active layers in a
snow depth manipulation experiment, Oecologia, 163, 785–792,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-009-1556-x, 2010.
Nydal, R. and Lövseth, K.: Carbon-14 measurements in atmospheric CO2 from
northern and southern hemisphere sites, 1962–1993, Oak Ridge National Lab.,
TN (United States), Oak Ridge Inst. for Science and Education, TN, USA,
available at: http://www.osti.gov/scitech/biblio/461185 (last access:
24 May 2017), 1996.
Oechel, W. C., Vourlitis, G. L., Hastings, S. J., and Bochkarev, S. A.:
Change in Arctic CO2 Flux Over Two Decades: Effects of Climate Change
at Barrow, Alaska, Ecol. Appl., 5, 846–855, https://doi.org/10.2307/1941992, 1995.
Oechel, W. C., Vourlitis, G., and Hastings, S. J.: Cold season CO2
emission from Arctic soils, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 11, 163–172,
https://doi.org/10.1029/96GB03035, 1997.
Olivas, P. C., Oberbauer, S. F., Tweedie, C., Oechel, W. C., Lin, D., and
Kuchy, A.: Effects of Fine-Scale Topography on CO2 Flux Components of
Alaskan Coastal Plain Tundra: Response to Contrasting Growing Seasons, Arct.
Antarct. Alp. Res., 43, 256–266, https://doi.org/10.1657/1938-4246-43.2.256, 2011.
Phillips, C. L., McFarlane, K. J., LaFranchi, B., Desai, A. R., Miller, J.
B., and Lehman, S. J.: Observations of 14CO2 in ecosystem
respiration from a temperate deciduous forest in Northern Wisconsin,
J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci., 120, 600–616, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JG002808, 2015.
Phillips, D. L. and Gregg, J. W.: Uncertainty in source partitioning using
stable isotopes, Oecologia, 127, 171–179, https://doi.org/10.1007/s004420000578,
2001.
Ping, C. L., Bockheim, J. G., Kimble, J. M., Michaelson, G. J., and Walker,
D. A.: Characteristics of cryogenic soils along a latitudinal transect in
Arctic Alaska, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 28917–28928, 1998.
Ping, C. L., Jastrow, J. D., Jorgenson, M. T., Michaelson, G. J., and Shur,
Y. L.: Permafrost soils and carbon cycling, SOIL, 1, 147–171,
https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-1-147-2015, 2015.
Randerson, J. T., Enting, I. G., Schuur, E. A. G., Caldeira, K., and Fung, I.
Y.: Seasonal and latitudinal variability of troposphere
Δ14CO2: Post bomb contributions from fossil fuels, oceans,
the stratosphere, and the terrestrial biosphere: seasonal and latitudinal
variability of trophosphere Δ14CO2, Global Biogeochem. Cy.,
16, 1112, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002GB001876, 2002.
Raz-Yaseef, N., Torn, M. S., Wu, Y., Billesbach, D. P., Liljedahl, A. K.,
Kneafsey, T. J., Romanovsky, V. E., Cook, D. R., and Wullschleger, S. D.:
Large CO2 and CH4 emissions from polygonal tundra during
spring thaw in northern Alaska, Geophys. Res. Lett., 44, 504–513, 2017.
Reimer, P. J., Bard, E., Bayliss, A., Beck, J. W., Blackwell, P. G., Ramsey,
C. B., Buck, C. E., Cheng, H., Edwards, R. L., Friedrich, M., Grootes, P. M.,
Guilderson, T. P., Haflidason, H., Hajdas, I., Hatté, C., Heaton, T. J.,
Hoffmann, D. L., Hogg, A. G., Hughen, K. A., Kaiser, K. F., Kromer, B.,
Manning, S. W., Niu, M., Reimer, R. W., Richards, D. A., Scott, E. M.,
Southon, J. R., Staff, R. A., Turney, C. S. M., and van der Plicht, J.:
IntCal13 and Marine13 Radiocarbon Age Calibration Curves 0–50,000 Years cal
BP, Radiocarbon, 55, 1869–1887, https://doi.org/10.2458/azu_js_rc.55.16947, 2013.
Schmidt, M. W., Torn, M. S., Abiven, S., Dittmar, T., Guggenberger, G.,
Janssens, I. A., Kleber, M., Kögel-Knabner, I., Lehmann, J., and Manning,
D. A.: Persistence of soil organic matter as an ecosystem property, Nature,
478, 49–56, 2011.
Schuur, E. A. G. and Trumbore, S. E.: Partitioning sources of soil
respiration in boreal black spruce forest using radiocarbon, Glob. Change
Biol., 12, 165–176, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.01066.x, 2006.
Schuur, E. A. G., Vogel, J. G., Crummer, K. G., Lee, H., Sickman, J. O., and
Osterkamp, T. E.: The effect of permafrost thaw on old carbon release and net
carbon exchange from tundra, Nature, 459, 556–559, 2009.
Schuur, E. A. G., McGuire, A. D., Schädel, C., Grosse, G., Harden, J. W.,
Hayes, D. J., Hugelius, G., Koven, C. D., Kuhry, P., Lawrence, D. M., Natali,
S. M., Olefeldt, D., Romanovsky, V. E., Schaefer, K., Turetsky, M. R., Treat,
C. C., and Vonk, J. E.: Climate change and the permafrost carbon feedback,
Nature, 520, 171–179, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature14338, 2015.
Shaver, G. R. and Billings, W. D.: Root Production and Root Turnover in a Wet
Tundra Ecosystem, Barrow, Alaska, Ecology, 56, 401–409,
https://doi.org/10.2307/1934970, 1975.
Shaver, G. R. and Kummerow, J.: Phenology, resource allocation, and growth of
arctic vascular plants, in: Arctic Ecosystems in a Changing Climate an
Ecophysiological Perspective, edited by: Chapin, F. S., Jefferies, R. L.,
Reynolds, J. F., and Shaver, G. R., Academic Press, Inc., San Diego, CA,
193–211, 1991.
Sierra, C. A., Müller, M., Metzler, H., Manzoni, S., and Trumbore, S. E.:
The muddle of ages, turnover, transit, and residence times in the carbon
cycle, Glob. Change Biol., 23, 1763–1773, 2017.
Sloan, V. L., Brooks, J. D., Wood, S. J., Liebig, J. A., Siegrist, J.,
Iversen, C. M., and Norby, R. J.: Plant community composition and vegetation
height, Barrow, Alaska, Ver. 1, Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center,
Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA,
https://doi.org/10.5440/1129476, 2014.
Strauss, J., Schirrmeister, L., Mangelsdorf, K., Eichhorn, L., Wetterich, S.,
and Herzschuh, U.: Organic-matter quality of deep permafrost carbon –
a study from Arctic Siberia, Biogeosciences, 12, 2227–2245,
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-2227-2015, 2015.
Stuiver, M. and Polach, H. A.: Discussion reporting of 14C data,
Radiocarbon, 19, 355–363, 1977.
Torn, M.: CO2 CH4 flux Air temperature Soil temperature and Soil moisture,
Barrow, Alaska 2013 ver. 1, Next Generation Ecosystems Experiment – Arctic,
Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN, USA, 2015.
Torn, M. S., Lapenis, A. G., Timofeev, A., Fischer, M. L., Babikov, B. V.,
and Harden, J. W.: Organic carbon and carbon isotopes in modern and
100-year-old-soil archives of the Russian steppe, Glob. Change Biol., 8,
941–953, 2002.
Torn, M. S., Swanston, C. W., Castanha, C., and Trumbore, S. E.: Storage and
turnover of organic matter in soil, in: Biophysico-Chemical Processes
Involving Natural Nonliving Organic Matter in Environmental Systems, edited
by: Senesi, N., Xing, B., and Huang, P. M., 219–272,
https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470494950.ch6, 2009.
Trumbore, S.: Age of soil organic matter and soil respiration: radiocarbon
constraints on belowground C dynamics, Ecol. Appl., 10, 399–411, 2000.
Trumbore, S.: Radiocarbon and soil carbon dynamics, Annu. Rev. Earth Pl.
Sci., 37, 47–66, 2009.
Vaughn, L. J. S. and Torn, M. S: Radiocarbon in soil and CO2 from
laboratory incubation, Barrow, Alaska, 2014, Oak Ridge National Laboratory,
Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA, https://doi.org/10.5440/1418853, 2018.
Vaughn, L. J. S., Conrad, M. E., Bill, M., and Torn, M. S.: Isotopic insights
into methane production, oxidation, and emissions in Arctic polygon tundra,
Glob. Change Biol., 22, 3487–3502, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13281, 2016.
Vaughn, L. J. S., Torn, M. S., Porras, R. C., Curtis, J. B., and Chafe, O.:
Radiocarbon in Ecosystem Respiration and Soil Pore-Space CO2 with
Surface Gas Flux, Air Temperature, and Soil Temperature and Moisture, Barrow,
Alaska, 2012–2014, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy,
Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA, https://doi.org/10.5440/1364062, 2018.
Wainwright, H. M., Dafflon, B., Smith, L. J., Hahn, M. S., Curtis, J. B., Wu,
Y., Ulrich, C., Peterson, J. E., Torn, M. S., and Hubbard, S. S.: Identifying
multiscale zonation and assessing the relative importance of polygon
geomorphology on carbon fluxes in an Arctic Tundra Ecosystem, J. Geophys.
Res. Biogeosci., 120, 788–808, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JG002799, 2015.
Waldrop, M. P., Wickland, K. P., White III, R., Berhe, A. A., Harden, J. W.,
and Romanovsky, V. E.: Molecular investigations into a globally important
carbon pool: Permafrost-protected carbon in Alaskan soils, Glob. Change
Biol., 16, 2543–2554, 2010.
Xu, L. and Baldocchi, D. D.: Seasonal variation in carbon dioxide exchange
over a Mediterranean annual grassland in California, Agr. Forest. Meteorol.,
123, 79–96, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2003.10.004, 2004.
Xu, L., Furtaw, M. D., Madsen, R. A., Garcia, R. L., Anderson, D. J., and
McDermitt, D. K.: On maintaining pressure equilibrium between a soil
CO2 flux chamber and the ambient air, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D08S10,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JD006435, 2006.
Zona, D., Lipson, D. A., Zulueta, R. C., Oberbauer, S. F., and Oechel, W. C.:
Microtopographic controls on ecosystem functioning in the Arctic Coastal
Plain, J. Geophys. Res., 116, G00I08, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JG001241, 2011.
Zona, D., Lipson, D. A., Richards, J. H., Phoenix, G. K., Liljedahl, A. K.,
Ueyama, M., Sturtevant, C. S., and Oechel, W. C.: Delayed responses of an
Arctic ecosystem to an extreme summer: impacts on net ecosystem exchange and
vegetation functioning, Biogeosciences, 11, 5877–5888,
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-5877-2014, 2014.
Zona, D., Gioli, B., Commane, R., Lindaas, J., Wofsy, S. C., Miller, C. E.,
Dinardo, S. J., Dengel, S., Sweeney, C., Karion, A., Chang, R. Y.-W.,
Henderson, J. M., Murphy, P. C., Goodrich, J. P., Moreaux, V., Liljedahl, A.,
Watts, J. D., Kimball, J. S., Lipson, D. A., and Oechel, W. C.: Cold season
emissions dominate the Arctic tundra methane budget, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA,
113, 40–45, 2016.
Short summary
This paper discusses radiocarbon in CO2 and soil organic carbon from Arctic Alaska. From soil chamber measurements, we observed strong seasonal and spatial patterns in 14C of ecosystem respiration, which declined throughout the summer and differed among permafrost features. Radiocarbon in pore-space CO2 indicated decomposition of carbon as old as 3000 years near the permafrost table. Together, these data reveal different rates of old carbon decomposition from distinct permafrost features.
This paper discusses radiocarbon in CO2 and soil organic carbon from Arctic Alaska. From soil...
