Articles | Volume 16, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-985-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-985-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Data description paper
| 
21 Feb 2024
Data description paper |
| 21 Feb 2024
| 21 Feb 2024
High-resolution digital outcrop model of the faults, fractures, and stratigraphy of the Agardhfjellet Formation cap rock shales at Konusdalen West, central Spitsbergen
Peter Betlem
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Department of Arctic Geology, The University Centre in Svalbard, P.O. Box 156, 9171 Longyearbyen, Svalbard, Norway
Department of Geosciences, University of Oslo, Sem Sælands vei 1, 0371 Oslo, Norway
Thomas Birchall
Department of Arctic Geology, The University Centre in Svalbard, P.O. Box 156, 9171 Longyearbyen, Svalbard, Norway
Gareth Lord
Department of Arctic Geology, The University Centre in Svalbard, P.O. Box 156, 9171 Longyearbyen, Svalbard, Norway
Simon Oldfield
Geo, Maglebjergvej 1, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
DTU Offshore, Danmarks Tekniske Universitet, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
School of Earth & Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
Lise Nakken
Department of Arctic Geology, The University Centre in Svalbard, P.O. Box 156, 9171 Longyearbyen, Svalbard, Norway
Department of Geosciences, University of Oslo, Sem Sælands vei 1, 0371 Oslo, Norway
Department of Earth Sciences, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham Hill, Egham TW20 0EX, United Kingdom
Kei Ogata
Department of Earth, Environmental and Resource Sciences, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via vicinale cupa Cintia 21, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, Edificio L, 80126 Naples, Italy
Kim Senger
Department of Arctic Geology, The University Centre in Svalbard, P.O. Box 156, 9171 Longyearbyen, Svalbard, Norway
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Rafael Kenji Horota, Christian Haug Eide, Kim Senger, Marius Opsanger Jonassen, and Marie Annette Vander Kloet
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2248, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2248, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Geoscience Communication (GC).
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We explored how virtual tools can help students prepare for and reflect on outdoor learning in the Arctic. Using surveys from university courses in Svalbard, we found that digital field visits helped students feel more confident, better understand the landscape, and learn more effectively. These tools do not replace real fieldwork but make it more accessible and inclusive. Our research shows how technology can support hands-on learning in remote environments.
Aleksandra Smyrak-Sikora, Peter Betlem, Victoria S. Engelschiøn, William J. Foster, Sten-Andreas Grundvåg, Mads E. Jelby, Morgan T. Jones, Grace E. Shephard, Kasia K. Śliwińska, Madeleine L Vickers, Valentin Zuchuat, Lars Eivind Augland, Jan Inge Faleide, Jennifer M. Galloway, William Helland-Hansen, Maria A. Jensen, Erik P. Johannessen, Maayke Koevoets, Denise Kulhanek, Gareth S. Lord, Tereza Mosociova, Snorre Olaussen, Sverre Planke, Gregory D. Price, Lars Stemmerik, and Kim Senger
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3912, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3912, 2025
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In this review article we present Svalbard’s unique geological archive, revealing its climate history over the last 540 million years. We uncover how this Arctic region recorded key global events, including end Permian mass extinction, and climate crises like the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum. The overall climate trend recorded in sedimentary successions in Svalbard is discussed in context of global climate fluctuations and continuous drift of Svalbard from near equator to Arctic latitudes.
Kim Senger, Grace Shephard, Fenna Ammerlaan, Owen Anfinson, Pascal Audet, Bernard Coakley, Victoria Ershova, Jan Inge Faleide, Sten-Andreas Grundvåg, Rafael Kenji Horota, Karthik Iyer, Julian Janocha, Morgan Jones, Alexander Minakov, Margaret Odlum, Anna Sartell, Andrew Schaeffer, Daniel Stockli, Marie Annette Vander Kloet, and Carmen Gaina
Geosci. Commun., 7, 267–295, https://doi.org/10.5194/gc-7-267-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gc-7-267-2024, 2024
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The article describes a course that we have developed at the University Centre in Svalbard that covers many aspects of Arctic geology. The students experience this course through a wide range of lecturers, focussing both on the small and larger scales and covering many geoscientific disciplines.
Annelotte Weert, Kei Ogata, Francesco Vinci, Coen Leo, Giovanni Bertotti, Jerome Amory, and Stefano Tavani
Solid Earth, 15, 121–141, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-121-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-121-2024, 2024
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On the road to a sustainable planet, geothermal energy is considered one of the main substitutes when it comes to heating. The geological history of an area can have a major influence on the application of these geothermal systems, as demonstrated in the West Netherlands Basin. Here, multiple episodes of rifting and subsequent basin inversion have controlled the distribution of the reservoir rocks, thus influencing the locations where geothermal energy can be exploited.
Kim Senger, Denise Kulhanek, Morgan T. Jones, Aleksandra Smyrak-Sikora, Sverre Planke, Valentin Zuchuat, William J. Foster, Sten-Andreas Grundvåg, Henning Lorenz, Micha Ruhl, Kasia K. Sliwinska, Madeleine L. Vickers, and Weimu Xu
Sci. Dril., 32, 113–135, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-32-113-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-32-113-2023, 2023
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Geologists can decipher the past climates and thus better understand how future climate change may affect the Earth's complex systems. In this paper, we report on a workshop held in Longyearbyen, Svalbard, to better understand how rocks in Svalbard (an Arctic archipelago) can be used to quantify major climatic shifts recorded in the past.
Thomas Goelles, Tobias Hammer, Stefan Muckenhuber, Birgit Schlager, Jakob Abermann, Christian Bauer, Víctor J. Expósito Jiménez, Wolfgang Schöner, Markus Schratter, Benjamin Schrei, and Kim Senger
Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst., 11, 247–261, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-11-247-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-11-247-2022, 2022
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We propose a newly developed modular MObile LIdar SENsor System (MOLISENS) to enable new applications for small industrial light detection and ranging (lidar) sensors. MOLISENS supports both monitoring of dynamic processes and mobile mapping applications. The mobile mapping application of MOLISENS has been tested under various conditions, and results are shown from two surveys in the Lurgrotte cave system in Austria and a glacier cave in Longyearbreen on Svalbard.
Michael John Welch, Mikael Lüthje, and Simon John Oldfield
Geosci. Model Dev. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2022-22, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2022-22, 2022
Preprint withdrawn
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This code can build geologically realistic models of natural fracture networks by simulating the nucleation, growth and interaction of fractures based on geomechanical principles. It uses the algorithm of Welch et al. (2020) to generate more realistic models of large fracture networks than stochastic techniques. It can build either implicit fracture models, explicit DFNs, or both, and will have applications in engineering and fluid flow modelling, as well as in understanding fracture evolution.
Kim Senger, Peter Betlem, Sten-Andreas Grundvåg, Rafael Kenji Horota, Simon John Buckley, Aleksandra Smyrak-Sikora, Malte Michel Jochmann, Thomas Birchall, Julian Janocha, Kei Ogata, Lilith Kuckero, Rakul Maria Johannessen, Isabelle Lecomte, Sara Mollie Cohen, and Snorre Olaussen
Geosci. Commun., 4, 399–420, https://doi.org/10.5194/gc-4-399-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/gc-4-399-2021, 2021
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At UNIS, located at 78° N in Longyearbyen in Arctic Norway, we use digital outcrop models (DOMs) actively in a new course (
AG222 Integrated Geological Methods: From Outcrop To Geomodel) to solve authentic geoscientific challenges. DOMs are shared through the open-access Svalbox geoscientific portal, along with 360° imagery, subsurface data and published geoscientific data from Svalbard. Here we share experiences from the AG222 course and Svalbox, both before and during the Covid-19 pandemic.
Thomas Birchall, Malte Jochmann, Peter Betlem, Kim Senger, Andrew Hodson, and Snorre Olaussen
The Cryosphere Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-2021-226, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-2021-226, 2021
Preprint withdrawn
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Svalbard has over a century of drilling history, though this historical data is largely overlooked nowadays. After inspecting this data, stored in local archives, we noticed the surprisingly common phenomenon of gas trapped below the permafrost. Methane is a potent greenhouse gas, and the Arctic is warming at unprecedented rates. The permafrost is the last barrier preventing this gas from escaping into the atmosphere and if it thaws it risks a feedback effect to the already warming climate.
Mikkel Toft Hornum, Andrew Jonathan Hodson, Søren Jessen, Victor Bense, and Kim Senger
The Cryosphere, 14, 4627–4651, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-4627-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-4627-2020, 2020
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In Arctic fjord valleys, considerable amounts of methane may be stored below the permafrost and escape directly to the atmosphere through springs. A new conceptual model of how such springs form and persist is presented and confirmed by numerical modelling experiments: in uplifted Arctic valleys, freezing pressure induced at the permafrost base can drive the flow of groundwater to the surface through vents in frozen ground. This deserves attention as an emission pathway for greenhouse gasses.
Andrew J. Hodson, Aga Nowak, Mikkel T. Hornum, Kim Senger, Kelly Redeker, Hanne H. Christiansen, Søren Jessen, Peter Betlem, Steve F. Thornton, Alexandra V. Turchyn, Snorre Olaussen, and Alina Marca
The Cryosphere, 14, 3829–3842, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-3829-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-3829-2020, 2020
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Methane stored below permafrost is an unknown quantity in the Arctic greenhouse gas budget. In coastal areas with rising sea levels, much of the methane seeps into the sea and is removed before it reaches the atmosphere. However, where land uplift outpaces rising sea levels, the former seabed freezes, pressurising methane-rich groundwater beneath, which then escapes via permafrost seepages called pingos. We describe this mechanism and the origins of the methane discharging from Svalbard pingos.
Related subject area
Domain: ESSD – Land | Subject: Geology and geochemistry
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SedDARE-IB: an open-access repository of sediment data for the Iberian Peninsula and its continental margins
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HOLSEA-NL: a Holocene water level and sea level indicator dataset for the Netherlands
Reconstructed global monthly burned area maps from 1901 to 2020
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Global basic landform units derived from multi-source digital elevation models at 1 arc-second resolution
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A globally distributed dataset of coseismic landslide mapping via multi-source high-resolution remote sensing images
A field-based thickness measurement dataset of fallout pyroclastic deposits in the peri-volcanic areas of Campania (Italy): statistical combination of different predictions for spatial estimation of thickness
The China Active Faults Database (CAFD) and its web system
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Subsurface geological and geophysical data from the Po Plain and the northern Adriatic Sea (north Italy)
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IESDB – the Iberian Evaporite Structure Database
Spectral Library of European Pegmatites, Pegmatite Minerals and Pegmatite Host-Rocks – the GREENPEG project database
The ITAlian rainfall-induced LandslIdes CAtalogue, an extensive and accurate spatio-temporal catalogue of rainfall-induced landslides in Italy
Digital soil mapping of lithium in Australia
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Pan-Arctic soil element bioavailability estimations
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Soo Hyun Kim and Eunji Byun
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Site and sample metadata from 328 paleoecological study sites in South Korea were compiled from 66 papers, addressing regional gaps in data availability in recent global data syntheses. The sites reflect the diversity of depositional environments, studied over many years with the development of multi-proxy approaches and regional collaborations. The GeoEcoKorea online platform, developed alongside this dataset, aims to enhance data accessibility and promote FAIR data sharing among researchers.
Montserrat Torne, Tiago M. Alves, Ivone Jiménez-Munt, Joao Carvalho, Conxi Ayala, Elsa C. Ramalho, Angela María Gómez-García, Hugo Matias, Hanneke Heida, Abraham Balaguera, José Luis García-Lobón, and Jaume Vergés
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 17, 1275–1293, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-1275-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-1275-2025, 2025
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Sediments are like history books for geologists and geophysicists. By studying them, we can learn about past environments, sea level and climate changes, and where the sediments came from. To aid in understanding the geology, georesources, and potential hazards in the Iberian Peninsula and its surrounding seas, we present the SedDARE-IB sediment data repository. As an application in geothermal exploration, we investigate how sediment thickness affects the depth of the 150 °C isotherm.
Matteo Berti, Marco Pizziolo, Michele Scaroni, Mauro Generali, Vincenzo Critelli, Marco Mulas, Melissa Tondo, Francesco Lelli, Cecilia Fabbiani, Francesco Ronchetti, Giuseppe Ciccarese, Nicola Dal Seno, Elena Ioriatti, Rodolfo Rani, Alessandro Zuccarini, Tommaso Simonelli, and Alessandro Corsini
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 17, 1055–1074, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-1055-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-1055-2025, 2025
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In May 2023, Emilia-Romagna, Italy, experienced heavy rainfall that led to severe flooding and initiated thousands of landslides on slopes thought to be stable. Collaborating with the Civil Protection Agency, our team created a detailed map documenting 80,997 affected areas. This comprehensive dataset is crucial for research on climate change and assists in planning and risk management by demonstrating how climate change can alter our understanding of landslide susceptibility.
Kim de Wit, Kim M. Cohen, and Roderik S. W. van de Wal
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 17, 545–577, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-545-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-545-2025, 2025
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In the Holocene, deltas and coastal plains developed due to relative sea level rise (RSLR). Past coastal and inland water levels are preserved in geological indicators, like basal peats. We present a dataset of 712 Holocene water level indicators from the Dutch coastal plain, relevant for studying RSLR and regional subsidence, compiled in HOLSEA workbook format. Our new, internally consistent, expanded documentation encourages multiple data uses and to report RSLR uncertainties transparently.
Zhixuan Guo, Wei Li, Philippe Ciais, Stephen Sitch, Guido R. van der Werf, Simon P. K. Bowring, Ana Bastos, Florent Mouillot, Jiaying He, Minxuan Sun, Lei Zhu, Xiaomeng Du, Nan Wang, and Xiaomeng Huang
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-556, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-556, 2025
Revised manuscript accepted for ESSD
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To address the limitations of short time spans in satellite data and spatiotemporal discontinuity in site records, we reconstructed global monthly burned area maps at a half-degree resolution for 1901–2020 using machine learning models. The global burned area is predicted at 3.46–4.58 million km² per year, showing a decline from 1901 to 1978, an increase from 1978 to 2008, and a sharper decrease from 2008 to 2020. This dataset provides a benchmark for studies on fire ecology and carbon cycle.
Patrice de Caritat, Anthony Dosseto, and Florian Dux
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 17, 79–93, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-79-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-79-2025, 2025
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This new, extensive dataset from southwestern Australia contributes considerable new data and knowledge to Australia’s strontium isotope coverage. The data are discussed in terms of the lithology and age of the source lithologies. This dataset will reduce Northern Hemisphere bias in future global strontium isotope models. Potential applications of the new data include mineral exploration, hydrogeology, food tracing, dust provenancing, and historic migrations of people and animals.
Xin Yang, Sijin Li, Junfei Ma, Yang Chen, Xingyu Zhou, Fayuan Li, Liyang Xiong, Chenghu Zhou, Guoan Tang, and Michael Meadows
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-401, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-401, 2024
Revised manuscript accepted for ESSD
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Surveys of global landforms are important for understanding the internal and external dynamic information during the planet's evolution. This study proposes a novel framework for global landform classification and releases a novel dataset called Global Basic Landform Units (GBLU) with 1 arc-second resolution. this dataset can provide abundant and detailed geomorphological information for the field of earth sciences, facilitating further advancements in related research.
James R. Austin, Michael Gazley, Renee Birchall, Ben Patterson, Jessica Stromberg, Morgan Willams, Andreas Björk, Monica Le Gras, Tina D. Shelton, Courteney Dhnaram, Vladimir Lisitsin, Tobias Schlegel, Helen McFarlane, and John Walshe
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 5027–5067, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-5027-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-5027-2024, 2024
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Cloncurry METAL shifts the big-data paradigm in mineral exploration by developing a quantitative, fully integrated, multi-modal, scale-consistent methodology for mineral system characterisation. The data comprise collocated petrophysical–mineralogical–geochemical–structural–metasomatic characterisation of 23 deposits from a highly complex mineral system. This approach enables translation of the mineral system processes into physics, providing a framework for smarter geophysics-based exploration.
Marco Massa, Andrea Luca Rizzo, Davide Scafidi, Elisa Ferrari, Sara Lovati, Lucia Luzi, and MUDA working group
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 4843–4867, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-4843-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-4843-2024, 2024
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MUDA (geophysical and geochemical MUltiparametric DAtabase) is a new infrastructure of the National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology serving geophysical and geochemical multiparametric data. MUDA collects information from different sensors, such as seismometers, accelerometers, hydrogeochemical sensors, meteorological stations and sensors for the flux of carbon dioxide and radon gas, with the aim of making correlations between seismic phenomena and variations in environmental parameters.
Chengyong Fang, Xuanmei Fan, Xin Wang, Lorenzo Nava, Hao Zhong, Xiujun Dong, Jixiao Qi, and Filippo Catani
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 4817–4842, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-4817-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-4817-2024, 2024
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In this study, we present the largest publicly available landslide dataset, Globally Distributed Coseismic Landslide Dataset (GDCLD), which includes multi-sensor high-resolution images from various locations around the world. We test GDCLD with seven advanced algorithms and show that it is effective in achieving reliable landslide mapping across different triggers and environments, with great potential in enhancing emergency response and disaster management.
Pooria Ebrahimi, Fabio Matano, Vincenzo Amato, Raffaele Mattera, and Germana Scepi
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 4161–4188, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-4161-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-4161-2024, 2024
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Fallout pyroclastic deposits cover hillslopes after explosive volcanic eruptions and strongly influence landscape evolution, hydrology, erosion, and slope stability processes. Accurate mapping of the spatial-thickness variations of these fallout pyroclastic deposits over large hillslope areas remains a knowledge gap. We attempt to bridge this gap by applying statistical techniques to a field-based thickness measurement dataset of fallout pyroclastic deposits.
Xiyan Wu, Xiwei Xu, Guihua Yu, Junjie Ren, Xiaoping Yang, Guihua Chen, Chong Xu, Keping Du, Xiongnan Huang, Haibo Yang, Kang Li, and Haijian Hao
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 3391–3417, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-3391-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-3391-2024, 2024
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This study presents a national-scale database (1:4000 000) of active faults in China and its adjacent regions in tandem with an associated web-based query system. This database integrates regional-scale studies and surveys conducted over the past 2 decades (at reference scales from 1:250 000 to 1:50 000). Our system hosts this nation-scale database accessible through a Web Geographic Information System (GIS) application.
Candan U. Desem, Patrice de Caritat, Jon Woodhead, Roland Maas, and Graham Carr
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 1383–1393, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1383-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1383-2024, 2024
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Lead (Pb) isotopes form a potent tracer in studies of provenance, mineral exploration and environmental remediation. Previously, however, Pb isotope analysis has rarely been deployed at a continental scale. Here we present a new regolith Pb isotope dataset for Australia, which includes 1119 large catchments encompassing 5.6 × 106 km2 or close to ~75 % of the continent. Isoscape maps have been produced for use in diverse fields of study.
Mohammed Ahmed Muhammed, Binyam Tesfaw Hailu, Georg Miehe, Luise Wraase, Thomas Nauss, and Dirk Zeuss
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 5535–5552, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-5535-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-5535-2023, 2023
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We processed the only available and oldest historical aerial photographs for the Bale Mountains, Ethiopia. We used structure-from-motion multi-view stereo photogrammetry to generate the first high-resolution DEMs and orthomosaics for 1967 and 1984 at larger spatial extents (5730 km2) and at high spatial resolutions (0.84 m and 0.98 m, respectively). Our datasets will help the scientific community address questions related to the Bale Mountains and afro-alpine ecosystems.
Yujing Wu, Xianjun Fang, and Jianqing Ji
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 5171–5181, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-5171-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-5171-2023, 2023
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We introduce a zircon U‒Th‒Pb chronological database of the global continental crust. This database provides comprehensive research materials for Earth system science in deep time and space due to its large amount of data (~2 million records), long time span (4.4 billion years), global sampling range, comprehensive zircon samples, and various dating instruments.
Michele Livani, Lorenzo Petracchini, Christoforos Benetatos, Francesco Marzano, Andrea Billi, Eugenio Carminati, Carlo Doglioni, Patrizio Petricca, Roberta Maffucci, Giulia Codegone, Vera Rocca, Francesca Verga, and Ilaria Antoncecchi
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 4261–4293, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-4261-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-4261-2023, 2023
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This paper presents subsurface geological and geophysical data from the Po Plain and the northern Adriatic Sea (north Italy). We collected and digitized data from 160 deep wells (including geophysical logs), 61 geological cross-sections, and 10 isobath maps. Furthermore, after a data accuracy analysis, we generated a simplified 3D geological model with several gridded surfaces separating units with different lithological properties. All data are available in delimited text files in ASCII format.
Kristen Chiama, Morgan Gabor, Isabella Lupini, Randolph Rutledge, Julia Ann Nord, Shuang Zhang, Asmaa Boujibar, Emma S. Bullock, Michael J. Walter, Kerstin Lehnert, Frank Spear, Shaunna M. Morrison, and Robert M. Hazen
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 4235–4259, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-4235-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-4235-2023, 2023
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We compiled 95 650 garnet sample analyses from a variety of sources, ranging from large data repositories to peer-reviewed literature. Garnets are commonly used as indicators of geological formation environments and are an ideal subject for the creation of an extensive dataset incorporating composition, localities, formation, age, temperature, pressure, and geochemistry. This dataset is available in the Evolutionary System of Mineralogy Database and paves the way for future geochemical studies.
Sansar Raj Meena, Lorenzo Nava, Kushanav Bhuyan, Silvia Puliero, Lucas Pedrosa Soares, Helen Cristina Dias, Mario Floris, and Filippo Catani
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 3283–3298, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3283-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3283-2023, 2023
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Landslides occur often across the world, with the potential to cause significant damage. Although a substantial amount of research has been conducted on the mapping of landslides using remote-sensing data, gaps and uncertainties remain when developing models to be operational at the global scale. To address this issue, we present the High-Resolution Global landslide Detector Database (HR-GLDD) for landslide mapping with landslide instances from 10 different physiographical regions globally.
Eloi González-Esvertit, Juan Alcalde, and Enrique Gomez-Rivas
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 3131–3145, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3131-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3131-2023, 2023
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Evaporites are, scientifically and economically, key rocks due to their unique geological features and value for industrial purposes. To compile and normalise the vast amount of information of evaporite structures in the Iberian Peninsula, we present the IESDB – the first comprehensive database of evaporite structures and their surrounding rocks in Spain and Portugal. The IESDB is free to use, open access, and can be accessed and downloaded through the interactive IESDB webpage.
Joana Cardoso-Fernandes, Douglas Santos, Cátia Rodrigues de Almeida, Alexandre Lima, Ana C. Teodoro, and GREENPEG project team
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 3111–3129, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3111-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3111-2023, 2023
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GREENPEG aims to develop tools for pegmatite exploration and to enhance European databases, adding new data on pegmatite properties, such as the spectral signature. Samples comprise pegmatites and wall rocks from Austria, Ireland, Norway, Portugal, and Spain. A detailed description of the spectral database is presented as well as reflectance spectra, photographs, and absorption features. Its European scale comprises pegmatites with distinct characteristics, providing a reference for exploration.
Silvia Peruccacci, Stefano Luigi Gariano, Massimo Melillo, Monica Solimano, Fausto Guzzetti, and Maria Teresa Brunetti
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 2863–2877, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2863-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2863-2023, 2023
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ITALICA (ITAlian rainfall-induced LandslIdes CAtalogue) is the largest catalogue of rainfall-induced landslides accurately located in space and time available in Italy. ITALICA currently lists 6312 landslides that occurred between January 1996 and December 2021. The information was collected using strict objective and homogeneous criteria. The high spatial and temporal accuracy makes the catalogue suitable for reliably defining the rainfall conditions capable of triggering future landslides.
Wartini Ng, Budiman Minasny, Alex McBratney, Patrice de Caritat, and John Wilford
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 2465–2482, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2465-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2465-2023, 2023
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With a higher demand for lithium (Li), a better understanding of its concentration and spatial distribution is important to delineate potential anomalous areas. This study uses a framework that combines data from recent geochemical surveys and relevant environmental factors to predict and map Li content across Australia. The map shows high Li concentration around existing mines and other potentially anomalous Li areas. The same mapping principles can potentially be applied to other elements.
Hong-He Xu, Zhi-Bin Niu, Yan-Sen Chen, Xuan Ma, Xiao-Jing Tong, Yi-Tong Sun, Xiao-Yan Dong, Dan-Ni Fan, Shuang-Shuang Song, Yan-Yan Zhu, Ning Yang, and Qing Xia
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 2213–2221, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2213-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2213-2023, 2023
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A multi-dimensional and integrated dataset of fossil specimens is described. The dataset potentially contributes to a range of scientific activities and provides easy access to and virtual examination of fossil specimens in a convenient and low-cost way. It will greatly benefit paleontology in research, teaching, and science communication.
Patrice de Caritat, Anthony Dosseto, and Florian Dux
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 1655–1673, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-1655-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-1655-2023, 2023
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This new, extensive (~1.5×106 km2) dataset from northern Australia contributes considerable new information on Australia's strontium (Sr) isotope coverage. The data are discussed in terms of lithology and age of the source areas. This dataset will reduce Northern Hemisphere bias in future global Sr isotope models. Other potential applications of the new data include mineral exploration, hydrology, food tracing, dust provenancing, and examining historic migrations of people and animals.
Samuel W. Scott, Léa Lévy, Cari Covell, Hjalti Franzson, Benoit Gibert, Ágúst Valfells, Juliet Newson, Julia Frolova, Egill Júlíusson, and María Sigríður Guðjónsdóttir
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 1165–1195, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-1165-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-1165-2023, 2023
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Rock properties such as porosity and permeability play an important role in many geological processes. The Valgarður database is a compilation of petrophysical, geochemical, and mineralogical observations on more than 1000 Icelandic rock samples. In addition to helping constrain numerical models and geophysical inversions, these data can be used to better understand the interrelationship between lithology, hydrothermal alteration, and petrophysical properties.
Giuseppe Esposito and Fabio Matano
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 1133–1149, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-1133-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-1133-2023, 2023
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In the highly urbanized volcanic area of Campi Flegrei (southern Italy), more than 500 000 people are exposed to multi-hazard conditions, including landslides. In the 1828–2017 time span, more than 2000 mass movements affected the volcanic slopes, concentrated mostly along the coastal sector. Rapid rock failures and flow-like landslides are frequent in the whole area. Besides their relevant role in modeling the landscape of Campi Flegrei, these processes also pose a societal risk.
Peter Stimmler, Mathias Goeckede, Bo Elberling, Susan Natali, Peter Kuhry, Nia Perron, Fabrice Lacroix, Gustaf Hugelius, Oliver Sonnentag, Jens Strauss, Christina Minions, Michael Sommer, and Jörg Schaller
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 1059–1075, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-1059-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-1059-2023, 2023
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Arctic soils store large amounts of carbon and nutrients. The availability of nutrients, such as silicon, calcium, iron, aluminum, phosphorus, and amorphous silica, is crucial to understand future carbon fluxes in the Arctic. Here, we provide, for the first time, a unique dataset of the availability of the abovementioned nutrients for the different soil layers, including the currently frozen permafrost layer. We relate these data to several geographical and geological parameters.
Francesca Ardizzone, Francesco Bucci, Mauro Cardinali, Federica Fiorucci, Luca Pisano, Michele Santangelo, and Veronica Zumpano
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 753–767, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-753-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-753-2023, 2023
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This paper presents a new geomorphological landslide inventory map for the Daunia Apennines, southern Italy. It was produced through the interpretation of two sets of stereoscopic aerial photographs, taken in 1954/55 and 2003, and targeted field checks. The inventory contains 17 437 landslides classified according to relative age, type of movement, and estimated depth. The dataset consists of a digital archive publicly available at https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.942427.
Zhaohui Pan, Zhibin Niu, Zumin Xian, and Min Zhu
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 41–51, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-41-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-41-2023, 2023
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Antiarch placoderms, the most basal jawed vertebrates, have the potential to enlighten the origin of the last common ancestor of jawed vertebrates during the Paleozoic. This dataset, which was extracted manually from 142 published papers or books from 1939 to 2021, consists of 60 genera of 6025 specimens from the Ludfordian to the Famennian, covering all antiarch lineages. We transferred the unstructured data from the literature to structured data for further detailed research.
Zhiheng Du, Jiao Yang, Lei Wang, Ninglian Wang, Anders Svensson, Zhen Zhang, Xiangyu Ma, Yaping Liu, Shimeng Wang, Jianzhong Xu, and Cunde Xiao
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 5349–5365, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-5349-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-5349-2022, 2022
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A dataset of the radiogenic strontium and neodymium isotopic compositions from the three poles (the third pole, the Arctic, and Antarctica) were integrated to obtain new findings. The dataset enables us to map the standardized locations in the three poles, while the use of sorting criteria related to the sample type permits us to trace the dust sources and sinks. The purpose of this dataset is to try to determine the variable transport pathways of dust at three poles.
Yutian Ke, Damien Calmels, Julien Bouchez, and Cécile Quantin
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 4743–4755, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-4743-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-4743-2022, 2022
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In this paper, we introduce the largest and most comprehensive database for riverine particulate organic carbon carried by suspended particulate matter in Earth's fluvial systems: 3546 data entries for suspended particulate matter with detailed geochemical parameters are included, and special attention goes to the elemental and isotopic carbon compositions to better understand riverine particulate organic carbon and its role in the carbon cycle from regional to global scales.
Egor Zelenin, Dmitry Bachmanov, Sofya Garipova, Vladimir Trifonov, and Andrey Kozhurin
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 4489–4503, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-4489-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-4489-2022, 2022
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Active faults are faults in the Earth's crust that could experience a possible future slip. A slip at the fault would cause an earthquake; thus, this draws particular attention to active faults in tectonic studies and seismic hazard assessment. We present the Active Faults of Eurasia Database (AFEAD): a high-detail continental-scale geodatabase comprising ~48 000 faults. The location, name, slip characteristics, and a reference to source publications are provided for database entries.
Patrice de Caritat, Anthony Dosseto, and Florian Dux
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 4271–4286, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-4271-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-4271-2022, 2022
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Strontium isotopes are useful in geological, environmental, archaeological, and forensic research to constrain or identify the source of materials such as minerals, artefacts, or foodstuffs. A new dataset, contributing significant new data and knowledge to Australia’s strontium isotope coverage, is presented from an area of over 500 000 km2 of inland southeastern Australia. Various source areas for the sediments are recognized, and both fluvial and aeolian transport processes identified.
Francesco Bucci, Michele Santangelo, Lorenzo Fongo, Massimiliano Alvioli, Mauro Cardinali, Laura Melelli, and Ivan Marchesini
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 4129–4151, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-4129-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-4129-2022, 2022
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The paper describes a new lithological map of Italy at a scale of 1 : 100 000 obtained from classification of a digital database following compositional and geomechanical criteria. The map represents the national distribution of the lithological classes at high resolution. The outcomes of this study can be relevant for a wide range of applications, including statistical and physically based modelling of slope stability assessment and other geoenvironmental studies.
Zhuoxuan Xia, Lingcao Huang, Chengyan Fan, Shichao Jia, Zhanjun Lin, Lin Liu, Jing Luo, Fujun Niu, and Tingjun Zhang
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 3875–3887, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-3875-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-3875-2022, 2022
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Retrogressive thaw slumps are slope failures resulting from abrupt permafrost thaw, and are widely distributed along the Qinghai–Tibet Engineering Corridor. The potential damage to infrastructure and carbon emission of thaw slumps motivated us to obtain an inventory of thaw slumps. We used a semi-automatic method to map 875 thaw slumps, filling the knowledge gap of thaw slump locations and providing key benchmarks for analysing the distribution features and quantifying spatio-temporal changes.
Alexandru T. Codilean, Henry Munack, Wanchese M. Saktura, Tim J. Cohen, Zenobia Jacobs, Sean Ulm, Paul P. Hesse, Jakob Heyman, Katharina J. Peters, Alan N. Williams, Rosaria B. K. Saktura, Xue Rui, Kai Chishiro-Dennelly, and Adhish Panta
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 3695–3713, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-3695-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-3695-2022, 2022
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OCTOPUS v.2 is a web-enabled database that allows users to visualise, query, and download cosmogenic radionuclide, luminescence, and radiocarbon ages and denudation rates associated with erosional landscapes, Quaternary depositional landforms, and archaeological records, along with ancillary geospatial data layers. OCTOPUS v.2 hosts five major data collections. Supporting data are comprehensive and include bibliographic, contextual, and sample-preparation- and measurement-related information.
Gregor Luetzenburg, Kristian Svennevig, Anders A. Bjørk, Marie Keiding, and Aart Kroon
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 3157–3165, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-3157-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-3157-2022, 2022
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We produced the first landslide inventory for Denmark. Over 3200 landslides were mapped using a high-resolution elevation model and orthophotos. We implemented an independent validation into our mapping and found an overall level of completeness of 87 %. The national inventory represents a range of landslide sizes covering all regions that were covered by glacial ice during the last glacial period. This inventory will be used for investigating landslide causes and for natural hazard mitigation.
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Dering, G. M., Micklethwaite, S., Thiele, S. T., Vollgger, S. A., and Cruden, A. R.: Review of Drones, Photogrammetry and Emerging Sensor Technology for the Study of Dykes: Best Practises and Future Potential, J. Volcanol. Geoth. Res., 373, 148–166, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2019.01.018, 2019. a, b, c
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Dypvik, H. and Harris, N. B.: Geochemical Facies Analysis of Fine-Grained Siliciclastics Using Th/U, Zr/Rb and (Zr+Rb)/Sr Ratios, Chem. Geol., 181, 131–146, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2541(01)00278-9, 2001. a
Dypvik, H., Eikeland, T. A., Backer-Owe, K., Andresen, A., Johanen, H., Elverhøi, A., Nagy, J., Haremo, P., and Biærke, T.: The Janusfjellet Subgroup (Bathonian to Hauterivian) on Central Spitsbergen: A Revised Lithostratigraphy, Polar Res., 9, 21–44, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-8369.1991.tb00400.x, 1991. a, b, c, d, e, f
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Healy, D., Rizzo, R. E., Cornwell, D. G., Farrell, N. J. C., Watkins, H., Timms, N. E., Gomez-Rivas, E., and Smith, M.: FracPaQ: A MATLAB™ Toolbox for the Quantification of Fracture Patterns, J. Struct. Geol., 95, 1–16, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsg.2016.12.003, 2017. a
Henriksen, E., Ryseth, A. E., Larssen, G. B., Heide, T., Rønning, K., Sollid, K., and Stoupakova, A. V.: Chapter 10 Tectonostratigraphy of the Greater Barents Sea: Implications for Petroleum Systems, Geological Society, London, Memoirs, 35, 163–195, https://doi.org/10.1144/M35.10, 2011. a, b
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Short summary
We present the digitalisation (i.e. textured outcrop and terrain models) of the Agardhfjellet Fm. cliffs exposed in Konusdalen West, Svalbard, which forms the seal of a carbon capture site in Longyearbyen, where several boreholes cover the exposed interval. Outcrop data feature centimetre-scale accuracies and a maximum resolution of 8 mm and have been correlated with the boreholes through structural–stratigraphic annotations that form the basis of various numerical modelling scenarios.
We present the digitalisation (i.e. textured outcrop and terrain models) of the Agardhfjellet...
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