Articles | Volume 14, issue 9
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-3947-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Special issue:
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-3947-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Data description paper
| 
01 Sep 2022
Data description paper |
| 01 Sep 2022
| 01 Sep 2022
Permafrost changes in the northwestern Da Xing'anling Mountains, Northeast China, in the past decade
Xiaoli Chang
School of Earth Science and Spatial Information Engineering, Hunan
University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan 411201, China
State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soils Engineering, Northwest Institute
of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou
730000, China
Huijun Jin
State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soils Engineering, Northwest Institute
of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou
730000, China
School of Civil Engineering, Institute of Cold-Regions Science and
Engineering, and Northeast-China Observatory and Research-Station of
Permafrost Geo-Environment (Ministry of Education), Northeast Forestry
University, Harbin 150040, China
Ruixia He
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soils Engineering, Northwest Institute
of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou
730000, China
Yanlin Zhang
School of Earth Science and Spatial Information Engineering, Hunan
University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan 411201, China
Xiaoying Li
Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management (Ministry of
Education) and College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin
150040, China
Xiaoying Jin
State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soils Engineering, Northwest Institute
of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou
730000, China
State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soils Engineering, Northwest Institute
of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou
730000, China
Related authors
Youhua Ran, Xin Li, Guodong Cheng, Jingxin Che, Juha Aalto, Olli Karjalainen, Jan Hjort, Miska Luoto, Huijun Jin, Jaroslav Obu, Masahiro Hori, Qihao Yu, and Xiaoli Chang
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 865–884, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-865-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-865-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Datasets including ground temperature, active layer thickness, the probability of permafrost occurrence, and the zonation of hydrothermal condition with a 1 km resolution were released by integrating unprecedentedly large amounts of field data and multisource remote sensing data using multi-statistical\machine-learning models. It updates the understanding of the current thermal state and distribution for permafrost in the Northern Hemisphere.
Raul-David Şerban, Huijun Jin, Mihaela Şerban, Giacomo Bertoldi, Dongliang Luo, Qingfeng Wang, Qiang Ma, Ruixia He, Xiaoying Jin, Xinze Li, Jianjun Tang, and Hongwei Wang
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 1425–1446, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1425-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1425-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
A particular observational network for ground surface temperature (GST) has been established on the northeastern Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, covering various environmental conditions and scales. This analysis revealed the substantial influences of the land cover on the spatial variability in GST over short distances (<16 m). Improving the monitoring of GST is important for the biophysical processes at the land–atmosphere boundary and for understanding the climate change impacts on cold environments.
Guoyu Li, Wei Ma, Fei Wang, Huijun Jin, Alexander Fedorov, Dun Chen, Gang Wu, Yapeng Cao, Yu Zhou, Yanhu Mu, Yuncheng Mao, Jun Zhang, Kai Gao, Xiaoying Jin, Ruixia He, Xinyu Li, and Yan Li
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 5093–5110, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-5093-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-5093-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
A permafrost monitoring network was established along the China–Russia crude oil pipeline (CRCOP) route at the eastern flank of the northern Da Xing'anling Mountains in Northeast China. The resulting datasets fill the gaps in the spatial coverage of mid-latitude mountain permafrost databases. Results show that permafrost warming has been extensively observed along the CRCOP route, and local disturbances triggered by the CRCOPs have resulted in significant permafrost thawing.
Youhua Ran, Xin Li, Guodong Cheng, Jingxin Che, Juha Aalto, Olli Karjalainen, Jan Hjort, Miska Luoto, Huijun Jin, Jaroslav Obu, Masahiro Hori, Qihao Yu, and Xiaoli Chang
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 865–884, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-865-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-865-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Datasets including ground temperature, active layer thickness, the probability of permafrost occurrence, and the zonation of hydrothermal condition with a 1 km resolution were released by integrating unprecedentedly large amounts of field data and multisource remote sensing data using multi-statistical\machine-learning models. It updates the understanding of the current thermal state and distribution for permafrost in the Northern Hemisphere.
X. Han, X. Li, G. He, P. Kumbhar, C. Montzka, S. Kollet, T. Miyoshi, R. Rosolem, Y. Zhang, H. Vereecken, and H.-J. H. Franssen
Geosci. Model Dev. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/gmdd-8-7395-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmdd-8-7395-2015, 2015
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
DasPy is a ready to use open source parallel multivariate land data assimilation framework with joint state and parameter estimation using Local Ensemble Transform Kalman Filter. The Community Land Model (4.5) was integrated as model operator. The Community Microwave Emission Modelling platform, COsmic-ray Soil Moisture Interaction Code and the Two-Source Formulation were integrated as observation operators for the multivariate assimilation of soil moisture and soil temperature, respectively.
Related subject area
Domain: ESSD – Land | Subject: Geophysics and geodesy
GPS displacement dataset for the study of elastic surface mass variations
Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) time series and velocities about a slowly convergent margin processed on high-performance computing (HPC) clusters: products and robustness evaluation
TRIMS LST: a daily 1 km all-weather land surface temperature dataset for China's landmass and surrounding areas (2000–2022)
Comprehensive data set of in situ hydraulic stimulation experiments for geothermal purposes at the Äspö Hard Rock Laboratory (Sweden)
Enriching the GEOFON seismic catalogue with automatic energy magnitude estimations
An earthquake focal mechanism catalog for source and tectonic studies in Mexico from February 1928 to July 2022
Global physics-based database of injection-induced seismicity
The Weisweiler passive seismological network: optimised for state-of-the-art location and imaging methods
AIUB-GRACE gravity field solutions for G3P: processing strategies and instrument parametrization
A global historical twice-daily (daytime and nighttime) land surface temperature dataset produced by Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer observations from 1981 to 2021
Moho depths beneath the European Alps: a homogeneously processed map and receiver functions database
DL-RMD: a geophysically constrained electromagnetic resistivity model database (RMD) for deep learning (DL) applications
The ULR-repro3 GPS data reanalysis and its estimates of vertical land motion at tide gauges for sea level science
In situ stress database of the greater Ruhr region (Germany) derived from hydrofracturing tests and borehole logs
The European Preinstrumental Earthquake Catalogue EPICA, the 1000–1899 catalogue for the European Seismic Hazard Model 2020
Rescue and quality control of historical geomagnetic measurement at Sheshan observatory, China
A newly integrated ground temperature dataset of permafrost along the China–Russia crude oil pipeline route in Northeast China
In situ observations of the Swiss periglacial environment using GNSS instruments
British Antarctic Survey's aerogeophysical data: releasing 25 years of airborne gravity, magnetic, and radar datasets over Antarctica
Athina Peidou, Donald F. Argus, Felix W. Landerer, David N. Wiese, and Matthias Ellmer
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 1317–1332, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1317-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1317-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study recommends a framework for preparing and processing vertical land displacements derived from GPS positioning for future integration with Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) and GRACE-Follow On (GRACE-FO) measurements. We derive GPS estimates that only reflect surface mass signals and evaluate them against GRACE (and GRACE-FO). We also quantify uncertainty of GPS vertical land displacement estimates using various uncertainty quantification methods.
Lavinia Tunini, Andrea Magrin, Giuliana Rossi, and David Zuliani
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 1083–1106, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1083-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1083-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study presents 20-year time series of more than 350 GNSS stations located in NE Italy and surroundings, together with the outgoing velocities. An overview of the input data, station information, data processing and solution quality is provided. The documented dataset constitutes a crucial and complete source of information about the deformation of an active but slowly converging margin over the last 2 decades, also contributing to the regional seismic hazard assessment of NE Italy.
Wenbin Tang, Ji Zhou, Jin Ma, Ziwei Wang, Lirong Ding, Xiaodong Zhang, and Xu Zhang
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 387–419, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-387-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-387-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This paper reported a daily 1 km all-weather land surface temperature (LST) dataset for Chinese land mass and surrounding areas – TRIMS LST. The results of a comprehensive evaluation show that TRIMS LST has the following special features: the longest time coverage in its class, high image quality, and good accuracy. TRIMS LST has already been released to the scientific community, and a series of its applications have been reported by the literature.
Arno Zang, Peter Niemz, Sebastian von Specht, Günter Zimmermann, Claus Milkereit, Katrin Plenkers, and Gerd Klee
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 295–310, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-295-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-295-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We present experimental data collected in 2015 at Äspö Hard Rock Laboratory. We created six cracks in a rock mass by injecting water into a borehole. The cracks were monitored using special sensors to study how the water affected the rock. The goal of the experiment was to figure out how to create a system for generating heat from the rock that is better than what has been done before. The data collected from this experiment are important for future research into generating energy from rocks.
Dino Bindi, Riccardo Zaccarelli, Angelo Strollo, Domenico Di Giacomo, Andres Heinloo, Peter Evans, Fabrice Cotton, and Frederik Tilmann
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2023-489, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2023-489, 2023
Revised manuscript accepted for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
The size of an earthquake is often described by a single number called magnitude. Among the possible magnitude scales, the seismic moment (Mw) and the radiated energy (Me) scales are based on physical parameters describing the rupture process. Since these two magnitude scales provide complementary information that can be used for seismic hazard assessment and for seismic risk mitigation, we complement the Mw catalogue disseminated by the GEOFON Data Centre with Me values.
Quetzalcoatl Rodríguez-Pérez and F. Ramón Zúñiga
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 4781–4801, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-4781-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-4781-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We present a comprehensive catalog of focal mechanisms for earthquakes in Mexico and neighboring areas spanning February 1928 to July 2022. The catalog comprises a wide range of earthquake magnitudes and depths and includes data from diverse geological environments. We collected and revised focal mechanism data from various sources and methods. The catalog is a valuable resource for future studies on earthquake source mechanisms, tectonics, and seismic hazard in the region.
Iman R. Kivi, Auregan Boyet, Haiqing Wu, Linus Walter, Sara Hanson-Hedgecock, Francesco Parisio, and Victor Vilarrasa
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 3163–3182, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3163-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3163-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Induced seismicity has posed significant challenges to secure deployment of geo-energy projects. Through a review of published documents, we present a worldwide, multi-physical database of injection-induced seismicity. The database contains information about in situ rock, tectonic and geologic characteristics, operational parameters, and seismicity for various subsurface energy-related activities. The data allow for an improved understanding and management of injection-induced seismicity.
Claudia Finger, Marco P. Roth, Marco Dietl, Aileen Gotowik, Nina Engels, Rebecca M. Harrington, Brigitte Knapmeyer-Endrun, Klaus Reicherter, Thomas Oswald, Thomas Reinsch, and Erik H. Saenger
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 2655–2666, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2655-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2655-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Passive seismic analyses are a key technology for geothermal projects. The Lower Rhine Embayment, at the western border of North Rhine-Westphalia in Germany, is a geologically complex region with high potential for geothermal exploitation. Here, we report on a passive seismic dataset recorded with 48 seismic stations and a total extent of 20 km. We demonstrate that the network design allows for the application of state-of-the-art seismological methods.
Neda Darbeheshti, Martin Lasser, Ulrich Meyer, Daniel Arnold, and Adrian Jaeggi
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2023-72, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2023-72, 2023
Revised manuscript accepted for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
This paper discusses strategies to improve the GRACE gravity field monthly solutions computed at the Astronomical Institute of the University of Bern. We updated the input observations and background models, and improved processing strategies in terms of instrument data screening and instrument parametrization.
Jia-Hao Li, Zhao-Liang Li, Xiangyang Liu, and Si-Bo Duan
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 2189–2212, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2189-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2189-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) is the only sensor that has the advantages of frequent revisits (twice per day), relatively high spatial resolution (4 km at the nadir), global coverage, and easy access prior to 2000. This study developed a global historical twice-daily LST product for 1981–2021 based on AVHRR GAC data. The product is suitable for detecting and analyzing climate changes over the past 4 decades.
Konstantinos Michailos, György Hetényi, Matteo Scarponi, Josip Stipčević, Irene Bianchi, Luciana Bonatto, Wojciech Czuba, Massimo Di Bona, Aladino Govoni, Katrin Hannemann, Tomasz Janik, Dániel Kalmár, Rainer Kind, Frederik Link, Francesco Pio Lucente, Stephen Monna, Caterina Montuori, Stefan Mroczek, Anne Paul, Claudia Piromallo, Jaroslava Plomerová, Julia Rewers, Simone Salimbeni, Frederik Tilmann, Piotr Środa, Jérôme Vergne, and the AlpArray-PACASE Working Group
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 2117–2138, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2117-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2117-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We examine the spatial variability of the crustal thickness beneath the broader European Alpine region by using teleseismic earthquake information (receiver functions) on a large amount of seismic waveform data. We compile a new Moho depth map of the broader European Alps and make our results freely available. We anticipate that our results can potentially provide helpful hints for interdisciplinary imaging and numerical modeling studies.
Muhammad Rizwan Asif, Nikolaj Foged, Thue Bording, Jakob Juul Larsen, and Anders Vest Christiansen
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 1389–1401, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-1389-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-1389-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
To apply a deep learning (DL) algorithm to electromagnetic (EM) methods, subsurface resistivity models and/or the corresponding EM responses are often required. To date, there are no standardized EM datasets, which hinders the progress and evolution of DL methods due to data inconsistency. Therefore, we present a large-scale physics-driven model database of geologically plausible and EM-resolvable subsurface models to incorporate consistency and reliability into DL applications for EM methods.
Médéric Gravelle, Guy Wöppelmann, Kevin Gobron, Zuheir Altamimi, Mikaël Guichard, Thomas Herring, and Paul Rebischung
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 497–509, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-497-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-497-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We produced a reanalysis of GNSS data near tide gauges worldwide within the International GNSS Service. It implements advances in data modelling and corrections, extending the record length by about 7 years. A 28 % reduction in station velocity uncertainties is achieved over the previous solution. These estimates of vertical land motion at the coast supplement data from satellite altimetry or tide gauges for an improved understanding of sea level changes and their impacts along coastal areas.
Michal Kruszewski, Gerd Klee, Thomas Niederhuber, and Oliver Heidbach
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 5367–5385, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-5367-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-5367-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The authors assemble an in situ stress magnitude and orientation database based on 429 hydrofracturing tests that were carried out in six coal mines and two coal bed methane boreholes between 1986 and 1995 within the greater Ruhr region (Germany). Our study summarises the results of the extensive in situ stress test campaign and assigns quality to each data record using the established quality ranking schemes of the World Stress Map project.
Andrea Rovida, Andrea Antonucci, and Mario Locati
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 5213–5231, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-5213-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-5213-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
EPICA is the 1000–1899 catalogue compiled for the European Seismic Hazard Model 2020 and contains 5703 earthquakes with Mw ≥ 4.0. It relies on the data of the European Archive of Historical Earthquake Data (AHEAD), both macroseismic intensities from historical seismological studies and parameters from regional catalogues. For each earthquake, the most representative datasets were selected and processed in order to derive harmonised parameters, both from intensity data and parametric catalogues.
Suqin Zhang, Changhua Fu, Jianjun Wang, Guohao Zhu, Chuanhua Chen, Shaopeng He, Pengkun Guo, and Guoping Chang
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 5195–5212, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-5195-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-5195-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The Sheshan observatory has nearly 150 years of observation history, and its observation data have important scientific value. However, with time, these precious historical data face the risk of damage and loss. We have carried out a series of rescues on the historical data of the Sheshan observatory. New historical datasets were released, including the quality-controlled absolute hourly mean values of three components (D, H, and Z) from 1933 to 2019.
Guoyu Li, Wei Ma, Fei Wang, Huijun Jin, Alexander Fedorov, Dun Chen, Gang Wu, Yapeng Cao, Yu Zhou, Yanhu Mu, Yuncheng Mao, Jun Zhang, Kai Gao, Xiaoying Jin, Ruixia He, Xinyu Li, and Yan Li
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 5093–5110, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-5093-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-5093-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
A permafrost monitoring network was established along the China–Russia crude oil pipeline (CRCOP) route at the eastern flank of the northern Da Xing'anling Mountains in Northeast China. The resulting datasets fill the gaps in the spatial coverage of mid-latitude mountain permafrost databases. Results show that permafrost warming has been extensively observed along the CRCOP route, and local disturbances triggered by the CRCOPs have resulted in significant permafrost thawing.
Alessandro Cicoira, Samuel Weber, Andreas Biri, Ben Buchli, Reynald Delaloye, Reto Da Forno, Isabelle Gärtner-Roer, Stephan Gruber, Tonio Gsell, Andreas Hasler, Roman Lim, Philippe Limpach, Raphael Mayoraz, Matthias Meyer, Jeannette Noetzli, Marcia Phillips, Eric Pointner, Hugo Raetzo, Cristian Scapozza, Tazio Strozzi, Lothar Thiele, Andreas Vieli, Daniel Vonder Mühll, Vanessa Wirz, and Jan Beutel
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 5061–5091, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-5061-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-5061-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This paper documents a monitoring network of 54 positions, located on different periglacial landforms in the Swiss Alps: rock glaciers, landslides, and steep rock walls. The data serve basic research but also decision-making and mitigation of natural hazards. It is the largest dataset of its kind, comprising over 209 000 daily positions and additional weather data.
Alice C. Frémand, Julien A. Bodart, Tom A. Jordan, Fausto Ferraccioli, Carl Robinson, Hugh F. J. Corr, Helen J. Peat, Robert G. Bingham, and David G. Vaughan
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 3379–3410, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-3379-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-3379-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents the release of large swaths of airborne geophysical data (including gravity, magnetics, and radar) acquired between 1994 and 2020 over Antarctica by the British Antarctic Survey. These include a total of 64 datasets from 24 different surveys, amounting to >30 % of coverage over the Antarctic Ice Sheet. This paper discusses how these data were acquired and processed and presents the methods used to standardize and publish the data in an interactive and reproducible manner.
Cited articles
Ala-Aho, P., Autio, A., Bhattacharjee, J., Isokangas, E., Kujala, K.,
Marttila, H., Menberu, M., Meriö, L. J., Postila, H., Rauhala, A.,
Ronkanen, A. K., Rossi, P. M., Saari, M., Haghighi, A. T., and Kløve, B.:
What conditions favor the influence of seasonally frozen ground on
hydrological partitioning? A systematic review, Environ. Res.
Lett., 16, 043008, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/abe82c, 2021.
Baltzer, J. L., Veness, T., Chasmer, L. E., Sniderhan, A. E., and Quinton,
W. L.: Forests on thawing permafrost: fragmentation, edge effects, and net
forest loss, Glob. Change Biol., 20, 824–834, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12349, 2014.
Beer, C., Zimov, N., Olofsson, J., Porada, P., and Zimov, S.: Protection of
Permafrost Soils from Thawing by Increasing Herbivore Density, Sci.
Rep., 10, 4170, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-60938-y, 2020.
Biskaborn, B. K., Smith, S. L., Noetzli, J., Matthes, H., Vieira, G.,
Streletskiy, D. A., Schoeneich, P., Romanovsky, V. E., Lewkowicz, A. G.,
Abramov, A., Allard, M., Boike, J., Cable, W. L., Christiansen, H. H.,
Delaloye, R., Diekmann, B., Drozdov, D., Etzelmüller, B., Grosse, G.,
Guglielmin, M., Ingeman-Nielsen, T., Isaksen, K., Ishikawa, M., Johansson,
M., Johannsson, H., Joo, A., Kaverin, D., Kholodov, A., Konstantinov, P.,
Kröger, T., Lambiel, C., Lanckman, J.-P., Luo, D., Malkova, G.,
Meiklejohn, I., Moskalenko, N., Oliva, M., Phillips, M., Ramos, M., Sannel,
A. B. K., Sergeev, D., Seybold, C., Skryabin, P., Vasiliev, A., Wu, Q.,
Yoshikawa, K., Zheleznyak, M., and Lantuit, H.: Permafrost is warming at a
global scale, Nat. Commun., 10, 264, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-08240-4,
2019.
Briggs, M. A., Walvoord, M. A., McKenzie, J. M., Voss, C. I., Day-Lewis, F.
D., and Lane, J. W.: New permafrost is forming around shrinking Arctic
lakes, but will it last?, Geophys. Res. Lett., 41, 1585–1592,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GL059251, 2014.
Brown, D. R. N., Jorgenson, M. T., Douglas, T. A., Romanovsky, V. E.,
Kielland, K., Hiemstra, C., Euskirchen, E. S., and Ruess, R. W.: Interactive
effects of wildfire and climate on permafrost degradation in Alaskan lowland
forests, J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosc., 120, 1619–1637,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JG003033, 2015.
Brown, J., Hinkel, K. M., and Nelson, F. E.: The circumpolar active layer
monitoring (CALM) program: Research designs and initial results, Pol.
Geogr., 24, 166–258, https://doi.org/10.1080/10889370009377698, 2000.
Cao, B., Zhang, T., Peng, X., Mu, C., Wang, Q., Zheng, L., Wang, K., and
Zhong, X.: Thermal Characteristics and Recent Changes of Permafrost in the
Upper Reaches of the Heihe River Basin, Western China, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 123, 7935–7949, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JD028442, 2018.
Cao, B., Zhang, T., Wu, Q., Sheng, Y., Zhao, L., and Zou, D.: Permafrost
zonation index map and statistics over the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau based on
field evidence, Permafrost Periglac., 30, 178–194,
https://doi.org/10.1002/ppp.2006, 2019.
Chang, X.: Geotemperature observation data set of Genhe River (2012–2019), National Tibetan Plateau Data Center [data set], https://doi.org/10.11888/Geocry.tpdc.271752, 2021.
Chen, S.-S., Zang, S., and Sun, L.: Characteristics of permafrost
degradation in Northeast China and its ecological effects: A review,
Sci. Cold Arid Reg., 12, 1–11, https://doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1226.2020.00001,
2020.
Douglas, T. A., Hiemstra, C. A., Anderson, J. E., Barbato, R. A., Bjella, K. L., Deeb, E. J., Gelvin, A. B., Nelsen, P. E., Newman, S. D., Saari, S. P., and Wagner, A. M.: Recent degradation of interior Alaska permafrost mapped with ground surveys, geophysics, deep drilling, and repeat airborne lidar, The Cryosphere, 15, 3555–3575, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-3555-2021, 2021.
Permafrost Subcommittee, Associate Committee on Geotechnical Research: Multi-language glossary of permafrost and related
ground-ice terms, National Snow and Ice Data Centre, Boulder, CO, https://globalcryospherewatch.org/reference/glossary_docs/Glossary_of_Permafrost_and_Ground-Ice_IPA_2005.pdf (last access: 14 January 2016), 1998
(revised 2005).
Farquharson, L. M., Romanovsky, V. E., Cable, W. L., Walker, D. A., Kokelj,
S. V., and Nicolsky, D.: Climate Change Drives Widespread and Rapid
Thermokarst Development in Very Cold Permafrost in the Canadian High Arctic,
Geophys. Res. Lett., 46, 6681–6689, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL082187, 2019.
Grebenets, V. I., Tolmanov, V. A., and Streletskiy, D. A.: Active Layer
Dynamics Near Norilsk, Taimyr Peninsula, Russia, Geogr. Environ.
Sustain., 14, 55–66, https://doi.org/10.24057/2071-9388-2021-073, 2021.
Gruber, S.: Derivation and analysis of a high-resolution estimate of global permafrost zonation, The Cryosphere, 6, 221–233, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-6-221-2012, 2012.
Guglielmin, M.: Ground surface temperature (GST), active layer and
permafrost monitoring in continental Antarctica, Permafrost Periglac., 17, 133–143, https://doi.org/10.1002/ppp.553, 2006.
Guglielmin, M., Worland, M. R., and Cannone, N.: Spatial and temporal
variability of ground surface temperature and active layer thickness at the
margin of maritime Antarctica, Signy Island, Geomorphology, 155–156, 20–33,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2011.12.016, 2012.
Guo, W., Liu, H., Anenkhonov, O. A., Shangguan, H., Sandanov, D. V.,
Korolyuk, A. Y., Hu, G., and Wu, X.: Vegetation can strongly regulate
permafrost degradation at its southern edge through changing surface
freeze-thaw processes, Agr. Forest Meteorol., 252, 10–17,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2018.01.010, 2018.
He, R.-X., Jin, H.-J., Luo, D.-L., Li, X.-Y., Zhou, C.-F., Jia, N., Jin,
X.-Y., Li, X.-Y., Che, T., Yang, X., Wang, L.-Z., Li, W.-H., Wei, C.-L.,
Chang, X.-L., and Yu, S.-P.: Permafrost changes in the Nanwenghe Wetlands
Reserve on the southern slope of the Da Xing'anling-Yile'huli mountains,
Northeast China, Adv. Clim. Change Res. 12, 696–709,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accre.2021.06.007, 2021.
Hrbáček, F., Vieira, G., Oliva, M., Balks, M., Guglielmin, M., de
Pablo, M. Á., Molina, A., Ramos, M., Goyanes, G., Meiklejohn, I.,
Abramov, A., Demidov, N., Fedorov-Davydov, D., Lupachev, A., Rivkina, E.,
Láska, K., Kňažková, M., Nývlt, D., Raffi, R., Strelin,
J., Sone, T., Fukui, K., Dolgikh, A., Zazovskaya, E., Mergelov, N., Osokin,
N., and Miamin, V.: Active layer monitoring in Antarctica: an overview of
results from 2006 to 2015, Pol. Geogr., 44, 217–231,
https://doi.org/10.1080/1088937X.2017.1420105, 2021.
Jin, H., Li, S., Cheng, G., Shaoling, W., and Li, X.: Permafrost and
climatic change in China, Global Planet. Change, 26, 387–404,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0921-8181(00)00051-5, 2000.
Jin, H., Yu, Q., Lü, L., Guo, D., He, R., Yu, S., Sun, G., and Li,
Y.: Degradation of permafrost in the Xing'anling Mountains, northeastern
China, Permafrost Periglac., 18, 245–258, 2007.
Jin, H., Wu, Q., and Romanovsky, V.: Degrading permafrost and its impacts,
Adv. Clim. Change Res., 12, 1–5, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accre.2021.01.007, 2021.
Li, X., Jin, H., He, R., Huang, Y., Wang, H., Luo, D., Jin, X., Lü, L.,
Wang, L., Li, W., Wei, C., Chang, X., Yang, S., and Yu, S.: Effects of
forest fires on the permafrost environment in the northern Da Xing'anling
(Hinggan) mountains, Northeast China, Permafrost Periglac.,
30, 163–177, https://doi.org/10.1002/ppp.2001, 2019.
Li, X.-Y., Jin, H.-J., Wang, H.-W., Marchenko, S. S., Shan, W., Luo, D.-L.,
He, R.-X., Spektor, V., Huang, Y.-D., Li, X.-Y., and Jia, N.: Influences of
forest fires on the permafrost environment: A review,
Adv. Clim. Change Res., 12, 48–65, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accre.2021.01.001, 2021.
Luo, D., Guo, D., Jin, H., Yang, S., Phillips, M. K., and Frey, B.:
Ecological Impacts of Degrading permafrost, Front. Earth Sci., 10, 967530,
https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2022.967530, 2022.
Luo, L., Ma, W., Zhuang, Y., Zhang, Y., Yi, S., Xu, J., Long, Y., Ma, D.,
and Zhang, Z.: The impacts of climate change and human activities on alpine
vegetation and permafrost in the Qinghai-Tibet Engineering Corridor,
Ecol. Indic., 93, 24–35, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2018.04.067, 2018.
Mu, C., Abbott, B. W., Norris, A. J., Mu, M., Fan, C., Chen, X., Jia, L.,
Yang, R., Zhang, T., Wang, K., Peng, X., Wu, Q., Guggenberger, G., and Wu,
X.: The status and stability of permafrost carbon on the Tibetan Plateau,
Earth Sci. Rev., 211, 103433, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2020.103433, 2020.
Ran, Y., Li, X., and Cheng, G.: Climate warming over the past half century has led to thermal degradation of permafrost on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, The Cryosphere, 12, 595–608, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-595-2018, 2018.
Ran, Y., Li, X., Cheng, G., Che, J., Aalto, J., Karjalainen, O., Hjort, J., Luoto, M., Jin, H., Obu, J., Hori, M., Yu, Q., and Chang, X.: New high-resolution estimates of the permafrost thermal state and hydrothermal conditions over the Northern Hemisphere, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 865–884, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-865-2022, 2022.
Romanovsky, V. E., Smith, S. L., and Christiansen, H. H.: Permafrost thermal
state in the polar Northern Hemisphere during the international polar year
2007–2009: a synthesis, Permafrost Periglac., 21, 106–116,
https://doi.org/10.1002/ppp.689, 2010.
Schuur, E. A. G., McGuire, A. D., Schädel, C., Grosse, G., Harden, J.
W., Hayes, D. J., Hugelius, G., Koven, C. D., Kuhry, P., Lawrence, D. M.,
Natali, S. M., Olefeldt, D., Romanovsky, V. E., Schaefer, K., Turetsky, M.
R., Treat, C. C., and Vonk, J. E.: Climate change and the permafrost carbon
feedback, Nature, 520, 171–179, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature14338, 2015.
Schuur, E. A. G. and Mack, M. C.: Ecological Response to Permafrost Thaw and
Consequences for Local and Global Ecosystem Services, Annu. Rev.
Ecol. Evol. S., 49, 279–301,
https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-121415-032349, 2018.
Serban, R., Serban, M., He, R., Jin, H., Yan, L., Xinyu, L., Wang, X., and
Li, G.: 46-Year (1973–2019) Permafrost Landscape Changes in the Hola Basin,
Northeast China Using Machine Learning and Object-Oriented Classification,
Remote Sensing, 13, 1910, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13101910, 2021.
Shiklomanov, N., Streletskiy, D., and Nelson, F.: Northern Hemisphere
Component of the Global Circumpolar Active Layer Monitoring (CALM) Program, International Conference on Permafrost (ICOP) Proceedings, 10, 377–382,
2012.
Shur, Y. and Jorgenson, M.: Patterns of Permafrost Formation and Degradation
in Relation to Climate and Ecosystems, Permafrost Periglac.,
18, 7–19, https://doi.org/10.1002/ppp.582, 2007.
Sim, T. G., Swindles, G. T., Morris, P. J., Baird, A. J., Cooper, C. L.,
Gallego-Sala, A. V., Charman, D. J., Roland, T. P., Borken, W., Mullan, D.
J., Aquino-López, M. A., and Gałka, M.: Divergent responses of
permafrost peatlands to recent climate change, Environ. Res.
Lett., 16, 034001, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/abe00b, 2021.
Smith, S. L., Romanovsky, V. E., Lewkowicz, A. G., Burn, C. R., Allard, M.,
Clow, G. D., Yoshikawa, K., and Throop, J.: Thermal state of permafrost in
North America: a contribution to the international polar year, Permafrost Periglac., 21, 117–135, https://doi.org/10.1002/ppp.690, 2010.
Wei, Z., Jin, H., Zhang, J., Yu, S., Han, X., Ji, Y., He, R., and Chang, X.:
Prediction of permafrost changes in Northeastern China under a changing
climate, Science China Earth Sciences, 54, 924–935,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11430-010-4109-6, 2011.
Wu, T., Xie, C., Zhu, X., Chen, J., Wang, W., Li, R., Wen, A., Wang, D., Lou, P., Shang, C., La, Y., Wei, X., Ma, X., Qiao, Y., Wu, X., Pang, Q., and Hu, G.: Permafrost, active layer, and meteorological data (2010–2020) at the Mahan Mountain relict permafrost site of northeastern Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 1257–1269, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-1257-2022, 2022.
Yang, J. M.: Genhe annals (1996–2005), Inner Mongolia Culture Press, Hailar, 67–71, ISBN 9787805061580,
2007 (in Chinese).
Yang, S. and Jin, H.: δ18O and δD records of inactive ice
wedge in Yitulihe, Northeastern China and their paleoclimatic implications,
Science China Earth Sciences, 54, 119–126, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11430-010-4029-5, 2011.
Zhang, G., Nan, Z., Wu, X., Ji, H., and Zhao, S.: The Role of Winter Warming
in Permafrost Change Over the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Geophys. Res. Lett., 46, 11261–11269, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL084292,
2019.
Zhang, T., Nelson, F., and Gruber, S.: Introduction to special section:
Permafrost and Seasonally Frozen Ground Under a Changing Climate, J. Geophys. Res., 112, F02S01, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JF000821, 2007.
Zhang, Y., Cheng, G., Jin, H., Yang, D., Flerchinger, G., Chang, X., Bense,
V., Han, X., and Liang, J.: Influences of frozen ground and climate change
on the hydrological processes in an alpine watershed: A case study in the
upstream area of the Hei'he River, Northwest China, Permafrost Periglac., 28, 420–432, 2017.
Zhang, Y., Cheng, G., Jin, H., Yang, D., Flerchinger, G., Chang, X., Wang,
X., and Liang, J.: Influences of Topographic Shadows on the Thermal and
Hydrological Processes in a Cold Region Mountainous Watershed in Northwest
China, J. Adv. Model. Earth Syst., 10, 1439–1457,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2017MS001264, 2018.
Zhang, Z., Wu, Q., Xun, X., Wang, B., and Wang, X.: Climate change and the
distribution of frozen soil in 1980–2010 in northern northeast China,
Quaternary Int., 467, 230–241, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2018.01.015, 2018.
Zhang, Z.-Q., Wu, Q.-B., Hou, M.-T., Tai, B.-W., and An, Y.-K.: Permafrost
change in Northeast China in the 1950s–2010s, Adv. Clim. Change Res., 12, 18–28, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accre.2021.01.006, 2021.
Zhao, L., Zou, D., Hu, G., Wu, T., Du, E., Liu, G., Xiao, Y., Li, R., Pang, Q., Qiao, Y., Wu, X., Sun, Z., Xing, Z., Sheng, Y., Zhao, Y., Shi, J., Xie, C., Wang, L., Wang, C., and Cheng, G.: A synthesis dataset of permafrost thermal state for the Qinghai–Tibet (Xizang) Plateau, China, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 4207–4218, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-4207-2021, 2021.
Zou, D., Zhao, L., Sheng, Y., Chen, J., Hu, G., Wu, T., Wu, J., Xie, C., Wu, X., Pang, Q., Wang, W., Du, E., Li, W., Liu, G., Li, J., Qin, Y., Qiao, Y., Wang, Z., Shi, J., and Cheng, G.: A new map of permafrost distribution on the Tibetan Plateau, The Cryosphere, 11, 2527–2542, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-11-2527-2017, 2017.
Short summary
Based on 10-year observations of ground temperatures in seven deep boreholes in Gen’he, Mangui, and Yituli’he, a wide range of mean annual ground temperatures at the depth of 20 m (−2.83 to −0.49 ℃) and that of annual maximum thawing depth (about 1.1 to 7.0 m) have been revealed. This study demonstrates that most trajectories of permafrost changes in Northeast China are ground warming and permafrost degradation, except that the shallow permafrost is cooling in Yituli’he.
Based on 10-year observations of ground temperatures in seven deep boreholes in Gen’he,...
Special issue
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint