Articles | Volume 12, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-1245-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-1245-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Data description paper
| 
05 Jun 2020
Data description paper |
| 05 Jun 2020
| 05 Jun 2020
Temporal inventory of glaciers in the Suru sub-basin, western Himalaya: impacts of regional climate variability
Aparna Shukla
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, 33 GMS Road, Dehradun, 248001,
India
Ministry of Earth Sciences, New Delhi, 110003, India
Siddhi Garg
Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, 33 GMS Road, Dehradun, 248001,
India
Manish Mehta
Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, 33 GMS Road, Dehradun, 248001,
India
Vinit Kumar
Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, 33 GMS Road, Dehradun, 248001,
India
Uma Kant Shukla
Department of Geology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005,
India
Related authors
No articles found.
Jakob Steiner, William Armstrong, Will Kochtitzky, Robert McNabb, Rodrigo Aguayo, Tobias Bolch, Fabien Maussion, Vibhor Agarwal, Iestyn Barr, Nathaniel R. Baurley, Mike Cloutier, Katelyn DeWater, Frank Donachie, Yoann Drocourt, Siddhi Garg, Gunjan Joshi, Byron Guzman, Stanislav Kutuzov, Thomas Loriaux, Caleb Mathias, Biran Menounos, Evan Miles, Aleksandra Osika, Kaleigh Potter, Adina Racoviteanu, Brianna Rick, Miles Sterner, Guy D. Tallentire, Levan Tielidze, Rebecca White, Kunpeng Wu, and Whyjay Zheng
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2025-315, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2025-315, 2025
Preprint under review for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
Many mountain glaciers around the world flow into lakes – exactly how many however, has never been mapped. Across a large team of experts we have now identified all glaciers that end in lakes. Only about 1% do so, but they are generally larger than those which end on land. This is important to understand, as lakes can influence the behaviour of glacier ice, including how fast it disappears. This new dataset allows us to better model glaciers at a global scale, accounting for the effect of lakes.
Related subject area
Glaciology
Antarctic Ice Sheet grounding line discharge from 1996–2024
A high-resolution pan-Arctic meltwater discharge dataset from 1950 to 2021
Smoothed monthly Greenland ice sheet elevation changes during 2003–2023
A revised and expanded deep radiostratigraphy of the Greenland Ice Sheet from airborne radar sounding surveys between 1993 and 2019
Annual mass change of the world's glaciers from 1976 to 2024 by temporal downscaling of satellite data with in situ observations
Glacier-level and gridded mass change in river sources in the eastern Tibetan Plateau region (ETPR) from the 1970s to 2000
glenglat: a database of global englacial temperatures
IMAU Antarctic automatic weather station data, including surface radiation balance (1995–2022)
DebDab: A database of supraglacial debris thickness and physical properties
Calving front positions for 42 key glaciers of the Antarctic Peninsula Ice Sheet: a sub-seasonal record from 2013 to 2023 based on deep-learning application to Landsat multi-spectral imagery
Ice thickness and bed topography of Jostedalsbreen ice cap, Norway
PRODEM: an annual series of summer DEMs (2019 through 2022) of the marginal areas of the Greenland Ice Sheet
Climate and ablation observations from automatic ablation and weather stations at A. P. Olsen Ice Cap transect, northeast Greenland, for May 2008 through May 2022
Glaciological and meteorological monitoring at Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) sites Mullwitzkees and Venedigerkees, Austria, 2006–2022
A newly digitized ice-penetrating radar data set acquired over the Greenland ice sheet in 1971–1979
Multitemporal characterization of a proglacial system: a multidisciplinary approach
Spatial and temporal stable water isotope data from the upper snowpack at the EastGRIP camp site, NE Greenland, sampled in summer 2018
High temporal resolution records of the velocity of Hansbreen, a tidewater glacier in Svalbard
A high-resolution calving front data product for marine-terminating glaciers in Svalbard
Spatial and temporal variability of environmental proxies from the top 120 m of two ice cores in Dronning Maud Land (East Antarctica)
A database of glacier microbiomes for the Three Poles
Inventory of glaciers and perennial snowfields of the conterminous USA
A comprehensive and version-controlled database of glacial lake outburst floods in High Mountain Asia
Unlocking archival maps of the Hornsund fjord area for monitoring glaciers of the Sørkapp Land peninsula, Svalbard
Antarctic Ice Sheet paleo-constraint database
Ice-core data used for the construction of the Greenland Ice-Core Chronology 2005 and 2021 (GICC05 and GICC21)
Antarctic Bedmap data: Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable (FAIR) sharing of 60 years of ice bed, surface, and thickness data
A new inventory of High Mountain Asia surging glaciers derived from multiple elevation datasets since the 1970s
Ice core chemistry database: an Antarctic compilation of sodium and sulfate records spanning the past 2000 years
Mass balance of the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets from 1992 to 2020
Interdecadal glacier inventories in the Karakoram since the 1990s
Landsat- and Sentinel-derived glacial lake dataset in the China–Pakistan Economic Corridor from 1990 to 2020
Processing methodology for the ITS_LIVE Sentinel-1 ice velocity products
Calving fronts and where to find them: a benchmark dataset and methodology for automatic glacier calving front extraction from synthetic aperture radar imagery
Multitemporal glacier inventory revealing four decades of glacier changes in the Ladakh region
A new global dataset of mountain glacier centerlines and lengths
Elevation change of the Antarctic Ice Sheet: 1985 to 2020
2000 years of annual ice core data from Law Dome, East Antarctica
A 41-year (1979–2019) passive-microwave-derived lake ice phenology data record of the Northern Hemisphere
Rescue and homogenization of 140 years of glacier mass balance data in Switzerland
A decade of glaciological and meteorological observations in the Arctic (Werenskioldbreen, Svalbard)
A comprehensive dataset of microbial abundance, dissolved organic carbon, and nitrogen in Tibetan Plateau glaciers
The Greenland Firn Compaction Verification and Reconnaissance (FirnCover) dataset, 2013–2019
Black carbon and organic carbon dataset over the Third Pole
A high-resolution Antarctic grounding zone product from ICESat-2 laser altimetry
An inventory of supraglacial lakes and channels across the West Antarctic Ice Sheet
Greenland ice sheet mass balance from 1840 through next week
Global time series and temporal mosaics of glacier surface velocities derived from Sentinel-1 data
GIS dataset: geomorphological record of terrestrial-terminating ice streams, southern sector of the Baltic Ice Stream Complex, last Scandinavian Ice Sheet, Poland
A 15-year circum-Antarctic iceberg calving dataset derived from continuous satellite observations
Benjamin J. Davison, Anna E. Hogg, Thomas Slater, Richard Rigby, and Nicolaj Hansen
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 17, 3259–3281, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-3259-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-3259-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Grounding line discharge is a measure of the amount of ice entering the ocean from an ice mass. This paper describes a dataset of grounding line discharge for the Antarctic Ice Sheet and each of its glaciers. The dataset shows that Antarctic Ice Sheet grounding line discharge has increased since 1996.
Adam Igneczi and Jonathan Louis Bamber
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 17, 3203–3218, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-3203-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-3203-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Freshwater from Arctic land ice loss strongly affects the Arctic and North Atlantic oceans. Datasets describing this freshwater discharge have low resolution and do not cover the entire Arctic. We statistically enhanced coarse-resolution climate model data – from approximately 6 km to 250 m – and routed meltwater towards the coastlines to provide high-resolution data covering all Arctic regions. This approach has far fewer computational requirements than running climate models at high resolution.
Shfaqat A. Khan, Helene Seroussi, Mathieu Morlighem, William Colgan, Veit Helm, Gong Cheng, Danjal Berg, Valentina R. Barletta, Nicolaj K. Larsen, William Kochtitzky, Michiel van den Broeke, Kurt H. Kjær, Andy Aschwanden, Brice Noël, Jason E. Box, Joseph A. MacGregor, Robert S. Fausto, Kenneth D. Mankoff, Ian M. Howat, Kuba Oniszk, Dominik Fahrner, Anja Løkkegaard, Eigil Y. H. Lippert, Alicia Bråtner, and Javed Hassan
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 17, 3047–3071, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-3047-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-3047-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The surface elevation of the Greenland Ice Sheet is changing due to surface mass balance processes and ice dynamics, each exhibiting distinct spatiotemporal patterns. Here, we employ satellite and airborne altimetry data with fine spatial (1 km) and temporal (monthly) resolutions to document this spatiotemporal evolution from 2003 to 2023. This dataset of fine-resolution altimetry data in both space and time will support studies of ice mass loss and be useful for GIS ice sheet modeling.
Joseph A. MacGregor, Mark A. Fahnestock, John D. Paden, Jilu Li, Jeremy P. Harbeck, and Andy Aschwanden
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 17, 2911–2931, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-2911-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-2911-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This paper describes the second version of a deep radiostratigraphic database for the Greenland Ice Sheet. It includes numerous improvements to the original database from 2015 and includes newer high-quality radar sounding data from 2014–2019. It represents a unique and widespread constraint on the history of the ice sheet that could be helpful to initialize and interpret ice-sheet models.
Inés Dussaillant, Romain Hugonnet, Matthias Huss, Etienne Berthier, Jacqueline Bannwart, Frank Paul, and Michael Zemp
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 17, 1977–2006, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-1977-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-1977-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Our research observes glacier mass changes worldwide from 1976 to 2024, revealing an alarming increase in melt, especially in the last decade and the record year of 2023. By combining field and satellite observations, we provide annual mass changes for all glaciers in the world, showing significant contributions to global sea level rise. This work underscores the need for ongoing local monitoring and global climate action to mitigate the effects of glacier loss and its broader environmental impacts.
Yu Zhu, Shiyin Liu, Junfeng Wei, Kunpeng Wu, Tobias Bolch, Junli Xu, Wanqin Guo, Zongli Jiang, Fuming Xie, Ying Yi, Donghui Shangguan, Xiaojun Yao, and Zhen Zhang
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 17, 1851–1871, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-1851-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-1851-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study compiled a near-complete inventory of glacier mass changes across the eastern Tibetan Plateau using topographical maps. These data enhance our understanding of glacier change variability before 2000. When combined with existing research, our dataset provides a nearly 5-decade record of mass balance, aiding hydrological simulations and assessments of mountain glacier contributions to sea-level rise.
Mylène Jacquemart, Ethan Welty, Marcus Gastaldello, and Guillem Carcanade
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 17, 1627–1666, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-1627-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-1627-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We present glenglat, a database that contains measurements of ice temperature from 213 glaciers measured in 788 boreholes between 1842 and 2023. Even though ice temperature is a defining characteristic of any glacier, such measurements have been conducted on less than 1 ‰ of all glaciers globally. Our database permits us, for the first time, to investigate glacier temperature distributions at global or regional scales.
Maurice van Tiggelen, Paul C. J. P. Smeets, Carleen H. Reijmer, Peter Kuipers Munneke, and Michiel R. van den Broeke
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2025-88, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2025-88, 2025
Revised manuscript accepted for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
This paper describes the 154 station-years of in situ measurements from the 19 IMAU automatic weather stations that operated on the Antarctic ice sheet between 1995 and 2022. These stations also recorded all four components of net surface radiation and surface height change, which allows for the quantification of the surface energy-and-mass balance at hourly resolution. This data is invaluable for the evaluation of weather and climate models, and for the detection of climatological changes.
Adrià Fontrodona-Bach, Lars Groeneveld, Evan Miles, Michael McCarthy, Thomas Shaw, Vicente Melo Velasco, and Francesca Pellicciotti
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-559, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-559, 2025
Revised manuscript accepted for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
Glaciers with a layer of rocky debris on their surfaces are distinct from clean ice glaciers, with debris mostly insulating the glacier ice. However, debris data is scarce. We present DebDab, a database of debris thickness and physical properties of debris, with data from 83 glaciers in 13 global glacier regions, compiled from 172 sources and including previously unpublished data. DebDab serves as an open central repository for the scientific community to do research on debris-covered glaciers.
Erik Loebel, Celia A. Baumhoer, Andreas Dietz, Mirko Scheinert, and Martin Horwath
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 17, 65–78, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-65-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-65-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Glacier calving front positions are important for understanding glacier dynamics and constraining ice modelling. We apply a deep-learning framework to multi-spectral Landsat imagery to create a calving front record for 42 key outlet glaciers of the Antarctic Peninsula Ice Sheet. The resulting data product includes 4817 calving front locations from 2013 to 2023 and achieves sub-seasonal temporal resolution.
Mette K. Gillespie, Liss M. Andreassen, Matthias Huss, Simon de Villiers, Kamilla H. Sjursen, Jostein Aasen, Jostein Bakke, Jan M. Cederstrøm, Hallgeir Elvehøy, Bjarne Kjøllmoen, Even Loe, Marte Meland, Kjetil Melvold, Sigurd D. Nerhus, Torgeir O. Røthe, Eivind W. N. Støren, Kåre Øst, and Jacob C. Yde
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 5799–5825, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-5799-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-5799-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We present an extensive ice thickness dataset from Jostedalsbreen ice cap that will serve as a baseline for future studies of regional climate-induced change. Results show that Jostedalsbreen currently (~2020) has a maximum ice thickness of ~630 m, a mean ice thickness of 154 ± 22 m and an ice volume of 70.6 ±10.2 km3. Ice of less than 50 m thickness covers two narrow regions of Jostedalsbreen, and the ice cap is likely to separate into three parts in a warming climate.
Mai Winstrup, Heidi Ranndal, Signe Hillerup Larsen, Sebastian B. Simonsen, Kenneth D. Mankoff, Robert S. Fausto, and Louise Sandberg Sørensen
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 5405–5428, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-5405-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-5405-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Surface topography across the marginal zone of the Greenland Ice Sheet is constantly evolving. Here we present an annual series (2019–2022) of summer digital elevation models (PRODEMs) for the Greenland Ice Sheet margin, covering all outlet glaciers from the ice sheet. The PRODEMs are based on fusion of CryoSat-2 radar altimetry and ICESat-2 laser altimetry. With their high spatial and temporal resolution, the PRODEMs will enable detailed studies of the changes in marginal ice sheet elevations.
Signe Hillerup Larsen, Daniel Binder, Anja Rutishauser, Bernhard Hynek, Robert Schjøtt Fausto, and Michele Citterio
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 4103–4118, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-4103-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-4103-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The Greenland Ecosystem Monitoring programme has been running since 1995. In 2008, the Glaciological monitoring sub-program GlacioBasis was initiated at the Zackenberg site in northeast Greenland, with a transect of three weather stations on the A. P. Olsen Ice Cap. In 2022, the weather stations were replaced with a more standardized set up. Here, we provide the reprocessed and quality-checked data from 2008 to 2022, i.e., the first 15 years of continued monitoring.
Lea Hartl, Bernd Seiser, Martin Stocker-Waldhuber, Anna Baldo, Marcela Violeta Lauria, and Andrea Fischer
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 4077–4101, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-4077-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-4077-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Glaciers in the Alps are receding at unprecedented rates. To understand how this affects the hydrology and ecosystems of the affected regions, it is important to measure glacier mass balance and ensure that records of field surveys are kept in standardized formats and well-documented. We describe glaciological measurements of ice ablation and snow accumulation gathered at Mullwitzkees and Venedigerkees, two glaciers in the Austrian Alps, since 2007 and 2012, respectively.
Nanna B. Karlsson, Dustin M. Schroeder, Louise Sandberg Sørensen, Winnie Chu, Jørgen Dall, Natalia H. Andersen, Reese Dobson, Emma J. Mackie, Simon J. Köhn, Jillian E. Steinmetz, Angelo S. Tarzona, Thomas O. Teisberg, and Niels Skou
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 3333–3344, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-3333-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-3333-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In the 1970s, more than 177 000 km of observations were acquired from airborne radar over the Greenland ice sheet. The radar data contain information on not only the thickness of the ice, but also the properties of the ice itself. This information was recorded on film rolls and subsequently stored. In this study, we document the digitization of these film rolls that shed new and unprecedented detailed light on the Greenland ice sheet 50 years ago.
Elisabetta Corte, Andrea Ajmar, Carlo Camporeale, Alberto Cina, Velio Coviello, Fabio Giulio Tonolo, Alberto Godio, Myrta Maria Macelloni, Stefania Tamea, and Andrea Vergnano
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 3283–3306, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-3283-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-3283-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The study presents a set of multitemporal geospatial surveys and the continuous monitoring of water flows in a large proglacial area (4 km2) of the northwestern Alps. Activities were developed using a multidisciplinary approach and merge geomatic, hydraulic, and geophysical methods. The goal is to allow researchers to characterize, monitor, and model a number of physical processes and interconnected phenomena, with a broader perspective and deeper understanding than a single-discipline approach.
Alexandra M. Zuhr, Sonja Wahl, Hans Christian Steen-Larsen, Maria Hörhold, Hanno Meyer, Vasileios Gkinis, and Thomas Laepple
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 1861–1874, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1861-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1861-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We present stable water isotope data from the accumulation zone of the Greenland ice sheet. A spatial sampling scheme covering 39 m and three depth layers was carried out between 14 May and 3 August 2018. The data suggest spatial and temporal variability related to meteorological conditions, such as wind-driven snow redistribution and vapour–snow exchange processes. The data can be used to study the formation of the stable water isotopes signal, which is seen as a climate proxy.
Małgorzata Błaszczyk, Bartłomiej Luks, Michał Pętlicki, Dariusz Puczko, Dariusz Ignatiuk, Michał Laska, Jacek Jania, and Piotr Głowacki
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 1847–1860, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1847-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1847-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Understanding the glacier response to accelerated climate warming in the Arctic requires data obtained in the field. Here, we present a dataset of velocity measurements of Hansbreen, a tidewater glacier in Svalbard. The glacier's velocity was measured with GPS at 16 stakes mounted on the glacier's surface. The measurements were conducted from about 1 week to about 1 month. The dataset offers unique material for validating numerical models of glacier dynamics and satellite-derived products.
Tian Li, Konrad Heidler, Lichao Mou, Ádám Ignéczi, Xiao Xiang Zhu, and Jonathan L. Bamber
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 919–939, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-919-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-919-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Our study uses deep learning to produce a new high-resolution calving front dataset for 149 marine-terminating glaciers in Svalbard from 1985 to 2023, containing 124 919 terminus traces. This dataset offers insights into understanding calving mechanisms and can help improve glacier frontal ablation estimates as a component of the integrated mass balance assessment.
Sarah Wauthy, Jean-Louis Tison, Mana Inoue, Saïda El Amri, Sainan Sun, François Fripiat, Philippe Claeys, and Frank Pattyn
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 35–58, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-35-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-35-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The datasets presented are the density, water isotopes, ions, and conductivity measurements, as well as age models and surface mass balance (SMB) from the top 120 m of two ice cores drilled on adjacent ice rises in Dronning Maud Land, dating from the late 18th century. They offer many development possibilities for the interpretation of paleo-profiles and for addressing the mechanisms behind the spatial and temporal variability of SMB and proxies observed at the regional scale in East Antarctica.
Yongqin Liu, Songnian Hu, Tao Yu, Yingfeng Luo, Zhihao Zhang, Yuying Chen, Shunchao Guo, Qinglan Sun, Guomei Fan, Linhuan Wu, Juncai Ma, Keshao Liu, Pengfei Liu, Junzhi Liu, and Mukan Ji
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2023-395, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2023-395, 2023
Revised manuscript accepted for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
Based on marker gene, metagenome, and cultivated genome sequencing, the dataset contains 67,224 bacterial and archaeal species, 2,517 potential pathogens, 62,595,715 unique genes, and 4,327 microbial genomes of bacteria and archaea from Antarctic, Arctic, and Tibetan glaciers. The data can be useful to ecologists, microbiologists, and policymakers regarding microbial distribution, evolution, and biohazard assessment for glacier microbiome under global climate change.
Andrew G. Fountain, Bryce Glenn, and Christopher Mcneil
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 4077–4104, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-4077-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-4077-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Glaciers are rapidly shrinking globally. To identify past change and provide a baseline for future change, we inventoried the extent of glaciers and perennial snowfields across the western USA excluding Alaska. Using mostly aerial imagery, we digitized the outlines of all glaciers and perennial snowfields equal to or larger than 0.01 km2 using a geographical information system. We identified 1331 (366.52 km2) glaciers and 1176 (31.00 km2) snowfields.
Finu Shrestha, Jakob F. Steiner, Reeju Shrestha, Yathartha Dhungel, Sharad P. Joshi, Sam Inglis, Arshad Ashraf, Sher Wali, Khwaja M. Walizada, and Taigang Zhang
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 3941–3961, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3941-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3941-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
A new inventory of glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs) in High Mountain Asia found 697 events, causing 906 deaths, 3 times more than previously reported. This study provides insights into the contributing factors behind GLOFs on a regional scale and highlights the need for interdisciplinary approaches, including scientific communities and local knowledge, to understand GLOF risks in Asia. This study allows integration with other datasets, enabling future local and regional risk assessments.
Justyna Dudek and Michał Pętlicki
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 3869–3889, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3869-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3869-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In our research, we evaluate the potential of archival maps of Hornsund fjord area, southern Spitsbergen, published by the Polish Academy of Sciences for studying glacier changes. Our analysis concerning glaciers in the north-western part of the Sørkapp Land peninsula revealed that, in the period 1961–2010, a maximum lowering of their surface was about 100 m for the largest land-terminating glaciers and over 120 m for glaciers terminating in the ocean (above the line marking their 1984 extents).
Benoit S. Lecavalier, Lev Tarasov, Greg Balco, Perry Spector, Claus-Dieter Hillenbrand, Christo Buizert, Catherine Ritz, Marion Leduc-Leballeur, Robert Mulvaney, Pippa L. Whitehouse, Michael J. Bentley, and Jonathan Bamber
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 3573–3596, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3573-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3573-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The Antarctic Ice Sheet Evolution constraint database version 2 (AntICE2) consists of a large variety of observations that constrain the evolution of the Antarctic Ice Sheet over the last glacial cycle. This includes observations of past ice sheet extent, past ice thickness, past relative sea level, borehole temperature profiles, and present-day bedrock displacement rates. The database is intended to improve our understanding of past Antarctic changes and for ice sheet model calibrations.
Sune Olander Rasmussen, Dorthe Dahl-Jensen, Hubertus Fischer, Katrin Fuhrer, Steffen Bo Hansen, Margareta Hansson, Christine S. Hvidberg, Ulf Jonsell, Sepp Kipfstuhl, Urs Ruth, Jakob Schwander, Marie-Louise Siggaard-Andersen, Giulia Sinnl, Jørgen Peder Steffensen, Anders M. Svensson, and Bo M. Vinther
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 3351–3364, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3351-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3351-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Timescales are essential for interpreting palaeoclimate data. The data series presented here were used for annual-layer identification when constructing the timescales named the Greenland Ice-Core Chronology 2005 (GICC05) and the revised version GICC21. Hopefully, these high-resolution data sets will be useful also for other purposes.
Alice C. Frémand, Peter Fretwell, Julien A. Bodart, Hamish D. Pritchard, Alan Aitken, Jonathan L. Bamber, Robin Bell, Cesidio Bianchi, Robert G. Bingham, Donald D. Blankenship, Gino Casassa, Ginny Catania, Knut Christianson, Howard Conway, Hugh F. J. Corr, Xiangbin Cui, Detlef Damaske, Volkmar Damm, Reinhard Drews, Graeme Eagles, Olaf Eisen, Hannes Eisermann, Fausto Ferraccioli, Elena Field, René Forsberg, Steven Franke, Shuji Fujita, Yonggyu Gim, Vikram Goel, Siva Prasad Gogineni, Jamin Greenbaum, Benjamin Hills, Richard C. A. Hindmarsh, Andrew O. Hoffman, Per Holmlund, Nicholas Holschuh, John W. Holt, Annika N. Horlings, Angelika Humbert, Robert W. Jacobel, Daniela Jansen, Adrian Jenkins, Wilfried Jokat, Tom Jordan, Edward King, Jack Kohler, William Krabill, Mette Kusk Gillespie, Kirsty Langley, Joohan Lee, German Leitchenkov, Carlton Leuschen, Bruce Luyendyk, Joseph MacGregor, Emma MacKie, Kenichi Matsuoka, Mathieu Morlighem, Jérémie Mouginot, Frank O. Nitsche, Yoshifumi Nogi, Ole A. Nost, John Paden, Frank Pattyn, Sergey V. Popov, Eric Rignot, David M. Rippin, Andrés Rivera, Jason Roberts, Neil Ross, Anotonia Ruppel, Dustin M. Schroeder, Martin J. Siegert, Andrew M. Smith, Daniel Steinhage, Michael Studinger, Bo Sun, Ignazio Tabacco, Kirsty Tinto, Stefano Urbini, David Vaughan, Brian C. Welch, Douglas S. Wilson, Duncan A. Young, and Achille Zirizzotti
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 2695–2710, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2695-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2695-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents the release of over 60 years of ice thickness, bed elevation, and surface elevation data acquired over Antarctica by the international community. These data are a crucial component of the Antarctic Bedmap initiative which aims to produce a new map and datasets of Antarctic ice thickness and bed topography for the international glaciology and geophysical community.
Lei Guo, Jia Li, Amaury Dehecq, Zhiwei Li, Xin Li, and Jianjun Zhu
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 2841–2861, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2841-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2841-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We established a new inventory of surging glaciers across High Mountain Asia based on glacier elevation changes and morphological changes during 1970s–2020. A total of 890 surging and 336 probably or possibly surging glaciers were identified. Compared to the most recent inventory, this one incorporates 253 previously unidentified surging glaciers. Our results demonstrate a more widespread surge behavior in HMA and find that surging glaciers are prone to have steeper slopes than non-surging ones.
Elizabeth R. Thomas, Diana O. Vladimirova, Dieter R. Tetzner, B. Daniel Emanuelsson, Nathan Chellman, Daniel A. Dixon, Hugues Goosse, Mackenzie M. Grieman, Amy C. F. King, Michael Sigl, Danielle G. Udy, Tessa R. Vance, Dominic A. Winski, V. Holly L. Winton, Nancy A. N. Bertler, Akira Hori, Chavarukonam M. Laluraj, Joseph R. McConnell, Yuko Motizuki, Kazuya Takahashi, Hideaki Motoyama, Yoichi Nakai, Franciéle Schwanck, Jefferson Cardia Simões, Filipe Gaudie Ley Lindau, Mirko Severi, Rita Traversi, Sarah Wauthy, Cunde Xiao, Jiao Yang, Ellen Mosely-Thompson, Tamara V. Khodzher, Ludmila P. Golobokova, and Alexey A. Ekaykin
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 2517–2532, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2517-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2517-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The concentration of sodium and sulfate measured in Antarctic ice cores is related to changes in both sea ice and winds. Here we have compiled a database of sodium and sulfate records from 105 ice core sites in Antarctica. The records span all, or part, of the past 2000 years. The records will improve our understanding of how winds and sea ice have changed in the past and how they have influenced the climate of Antarctica over the past 2000 years.
Inès N. Otosaka, Andrew Shepherd, Erik R. Ivins, Nicole-Jeanne Schlegel, Charles Amory, Michiel R. van den Broeke, Martin Horwath, Ian Joughin, Michalea D. King, Gerhard Krinner, Sophie Nowicki, Anthony J. Payne, Eric Rignot, Ted Scambos, Karen M. Simon, Benjamin E. Smith, Louise S. Sørensen, Isabella Velicogna, Pippa L. Whitehouse, Geruo A, Cécile Agosta, Andreas P. Ahlstrøm, Alejandro Blazquez, William Colgan, Marcus E. Engdahl, Xavier Fettweis, Rene Forsberg, Hubert Gallée, Alex Gardner, Lin Gilbert, Noel Gourmelen, Andreas Groh, Brian C. Gunter, Christopher Harig, Veit Helm, Shfaqat Abbas Khan, Christoph Kittel, Hannes Konrad, Peter L. Langen, Benoit S. Lecavalier, Chia-Chun Liang, Bryant D. Loomis, Malcolm McMillan, Daniele Melini, Sebastian H. Mernild, Ruth Mottram, Jeremie Mouginot, Johan Nilsson, Brice Noël, Mark E. Pattle, William R. Peltier, Nadege Pie, Mònica Roca, Ingo Sasgen, Himanshu V. Save, Ki-Weon Seo, Bernd Scheuchl, Ernst J. O. Schrama, Ludwig Schröder, Sebastian B. Simonsen, Thomas Slater, Giorgio Spada, Tyler C. Sutterley, Bramha Dutt Vishwakarma, Jan Melchior van Wessem, David Wiese, Wouter van der Wal, and Bert Wouters
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 1597–1616, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-1597-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-1597-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
By measuring changes in the volume, gravitational attraction, and ice flow of Greenland and Antarctica from space, we can monitor their mass gain and loss over time. Here, we present a new record of the Earth’s polar ice sheet mass balance produced by aggregating 50 satellite-based estimates of ice sheet mass change. This new assessment shows that the ice sheets have lost (7.5 x 1012) t of ice between 1992 and 2020, contributing 21 mm to sea level rise.
Fuming Xie, Shiyin Liu, Yongpeng Gao, Yu Zhu, Tobias Bolch, Andreas Kääb, Shimei Duan, Wenfei Miao, Jianfang Kang, Yaonan Zhang, Xiran Pan, Caixia Qin, Kunpeng Wu, Miaomiao Qi, Xianhe Zhang, Ying Yi, Fengze Han, Xiaojun Yao, Qiao Liu, Xin Wang, Zongli Jiang, Donghui Shangguan, Yong Zhang, Richard Grünwald, Muhammad Adnan, Jyoti Karki, and Muhammad Saifullah
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 847–867, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-847-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-847-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, first we generated inventories which allowed us to systematically detect glacier change patterns in the Karakoram range. We found that, by the 2020s, there were approximately 10 500 glaciers in the Karakoram mountains covering an area of 22 510.73 km2, of which ~ 10.2 % is covered by debris. During the past 30 years (from 1990 to 2020), the total glacier cover area in Karakoram remained relatively stable, with a slight increase in area of 23.5 km2.
Muchu Lesi, Yong Nie, Dan Hirsh Shugar, Jida Wang, Qian Deng, Huayong Chen, and Jianrong Fan
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 5489–5512, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-5489-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-5489-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The China–Pakistan Economic Corridor plays a vital role in foreign trade and faces threats from water shortage and water-related hazards. An up-to-date glacial lake dataset with critical parameters is basic for water resource and flood risk research, which is absent from the corridor. This study created a glacial lake dataset in 2020 from Landsat and Sentinel images from 1990–2000, using a threshold-based mapping method. Our dataset has the potential to be widely applied.
Yang Lei, Alex S. Gardner, and Piyush Agram
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 5111–5137, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-5111-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-5111-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This work describes NASA MEaSUREs ITS_LIVE project's Version 2 Sentinel-1 image-pair ice velocity product and processing methodology. We show the refined offset tracking algorithm, autoRIFT, calibration for Sentinel-1 geolocation biases and correction of the ionosphere streaking problems. Validation was performed over three typical test sites covering the globe by comparing with other similar global and regional products.
Nora Gourmelon, Thorsten Seehaus, Matthias Braun, Andreas Maier, and Vincent Christlein
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 4287–4313, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-4287-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-4287-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Ice loss of glaciers shows in retreating calving fronts (i.e., the position where icebergs break off the glacier and drift into the ocean). This paper presents a benchmark dataset for calving front delineation in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images. The dataset can be used to train and test deep learning techniques, which automate the monitoring of the calving front. Provided example models achieve front delineations with an average distance of 887 m to the correct calving front.
Mohd Soheb, Alagappan Ramanathan, Anshuman Bhardwaj, Millie Coleman, Brice R. Rea, Matteo Spagnolo, Shaktiman Singh, and Lydia Sam
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 4171–4185, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-4171-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-4171-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study provides a multi-temporal inventory of glaciers in the Ladakh region. The study records data on 2257 glaciers (>0.5 km2) covering an area of ~7923 ± 106 km2 which is equivalent to ~89 % of the total glacierised area of the Ladakh region. It will benefit both the scientific community and the administration of the Union Territory of Ladakh, in developing efficient mitigation and adaptation strategies by improving the projections of change on timescales relevant to policymakers.
Dahong Zhang, Gang Zhou, Wen Li, Shiqiang Zhang, Xiaojun Yao, and Shimei Wei
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 3889–3913, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-3889-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-3889-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The length of a glacier is a key determinant of its geometry; glacier centerlines are crucial inputs for many glaciological applications. Based on the European allocation theory, we present a new global dataset that includes the centerlines and lengths of 198 137 mountain glaciers. The accuracy of the glacier centerlines was 89.68 %. The constructed dataset comprises 17 sub-datasets which contain the centerlines and lengths of glacier tributaries.
Johan Nilsson, Alex S. Gardner, and Fernando S. Paolo
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 3573–3598, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-3573-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-3573-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The longest observational record available to study the mass balance of the Earth’s ice sheets comes from satellite altimeters. This record consists of multiple satellite missions with different measurements and quality, and it must be cross-calibrated and integrated into a consistent record for scientific use. Here, we present a novel approach for generating such a record providing a seamless record of elevation change for the Antarctic Ice Sheet that spans the period 1985 to 2020.
Lenneke M. Jong, Christopher T. Plummer, Jason L. Roberts, Andrew D. Moy, Mark A. J. Curran, Tessa R. Vance, Joel B. Pedro, Chelsea A. Long, Meredith Nation, Paul A. Mayewski, and Tas D. van Ommen
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 3313–3328, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-3313-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-3313-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Ice core records from Law Dome in East Antarctica, collected over the the last 3 decades, provide high-resolution data for studies of the climate of Antarctica, Australia and the Southern and Indo-Pacific oceans. Here, we present a set of annually dated records from Law Dome covering the last 2000 years. This dataset provides an update and extensions both forward and back in time of previously published subsets of the data, bringing them together into a coherent set with improved dating.
Yu Cai, Claude R. Duguay, and Chang-Qing Ke
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 3329–3347, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-3329-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-3329-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Seasonal ice cover is one of the important attributes of lakes in middle- and high-latitude regions. This study used passive microwave brightness temperature measurements to extract the ice phenology for 56 lakes across the Northern Hemisphere from 1979 to 2019. A threshold algorithm was applied according to the differences in brightness temperature between lake ice and open water. The dataset will provide valuable information about the changing ice cover of lakes over the last 4 decades.
Lea Geibel, Matthias Huss, Claudia Kurzböck, Elias Hodel, Andreas Bauder, and Daniel Farinotti
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 3293–3312, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-3293-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-3293-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Glacier monitoring in Switzerland started in the 19th century, providing exceptional data series documenting snow accumulation and ice melt. Raw point observations of surface mass balance have, however, never been systematically compiled so far, including complete metadata. Here, we present an extensive dataset with more than 60 000 point observations of surface mass balance covering 60 Swiss glaciers and almost 140 years, promoting a better understanding of the drivers of recent glacier change.
Dariusz Ignatiuk, Małgorzata Błaszczyk, Tomasz Budzik, Mariusz Grabiec, Jacek A. Jania, Marta Kondracka, Michał Laska, Łukasz Małarzewski, and Łukasz Stachnik
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 2487–2500, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-2487-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-2487-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents details of the glaciological and meteorological dataset (2009–2020) from the Werenskioldbreen (Svalbard). These high-quality and long-term observational data already have been used to assess hydrological models and glaciological studies. The objective of releasing these data is to improve their usage for calibration and validation of the remote sensing products and models, as well as to increase data reuse.
Yongqin Liu, Pengcheng Fang, Bixi Guo, Mukan Ji, Pengfei Liu, Guannan Mao, Baiqing Xu, Shichang Kang, and Junzhi Liu
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 2303–2314, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-2303-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-2303-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Glaciers are an important pool of microorganisms, organic carbon, and nitrogen. This study constructed the first dataset of microbial abundance and total nitrogen in Tibetan Plateau (TP) glaciers and the first dataset of dissolved organic carbon in ice cores on the TP. These new data could provide valuable information for research on the glacier carbon and nitrogen cycle and help in assessing the potential impacts of glacier retreat due to global warming on downstream ecosystems.
Michael J. MacFerrin, C. Max Stevens, Baptiste Vandecrux, Edwin D. Waddington, and Waleed Abdalati
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 955–971, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-955-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-955-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The vast majority of the Greenland ice sheet's surface is covered by pluriannual snow, also called firn, that accumulates year after year and is compressed into glacial ice. The thickness of the firn layer changes through time and responds to the surface climate. We present continuous measurement of the firn compaction at various depths for eight sites. The dataset will help to evaluate firn models, interpret ice cores, and convert remotely sensed ice sheet surface height change to mass loss.
Shichang Kang, Yulan Zhang, Pengfei Chen, Junming Guo, Qianggong Zhang, Zhiyuan Cong, Susan Kaspari, Lekhendra Tripathee, Tanguang Gao, Hewen Niu, Xinyue Zhong, Xintong Chen, Zhaofu Hu, Xiaofei Li, Yang Li, Bigyan Neupane, Fangping Yan, Dipesh Rupakheti, Chaman Gul, Wei Zhang, Guangming Wu, Ling Yang, Zhaoqing Wang, and Chaoliu Li
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 683–707, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-683-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-683-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The Tibetan Plateau is important to the Earth’s climate. However, systematically observed data here are scarce. To perform more integrated and in-depth investigations of the origins and distributions of atmospheric pollutants and their impacts on cryospheric change, systematic data of black carbon and organic carbon from the atmosphere, glaciers, snow cover, precipitation, and lake sediment cores over the plateau based on the Atmospheric Pollution and Cryospheric Change program are provided.
Tian Li, Geoffrey J. Dawson, Stephen J. Chuter, and Jonathan L. Bamber
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 535–557, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-535-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-535-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Accurate knowledge of the Antarctic grounding zone is important for mass balance calculation, ice sheet stability assessment, and ice sheet model projections. Here we present the first ICESat-2-derived high-resolution grounding zone product of the Antarctic Ice Sheet, including three important boundaries. This new data product will provide more comprehensive insights into ice sheet instability, which is valuable for both the cryosphere and sea level science communities.
Diarmuid Corr, Amber Leeson, Malcolm McMillan, Ce Zhang, and Thomas Barnes
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 209–228, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-209-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-209-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We identify 119 km2 of meltwater area over West Antarctica in January 2017. In combination with Stokes et al., 2019, this forms the first continent-wide assessment helping to quantify the mass balance of Antarctica and its contribution to global sea level rise. We apply thresholds for meltwater classification to satellite images, mapping the extent and manually post-processing to remove false positives. Our study provides a high-fidelity dataset to train and validate machine learning methods.
Kenneth D. Mankoff, Xavier Fettweis, Peter L. Langen, Martin Stendel, Kristian K. Kjeldsen, Nanna B. Karlsson, Brice Noël, Michiel R. van den Broeke, Anne Solgaard, William Colgan, Jason E. Box, Sebastian B. Simonsen, Michalea D. King, Andreas P. Ahlstrøm, Signe Bech Andersen, and Robert S. Fausto
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 5001–5025, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-5001-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-5001-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We estimate the daily mass balance and its components (surface, marine, and basal mass balance) for the Greenland ice sheet. Our time series begins in 1840 and has annual resolution through 1985 and then daily from 1986 through next week. Results are operational (updated daily) and provided for the entire ice sheet or by commonly used regions or sectors. This is the first input–output mass balance estimate to include the basal mass balance.
Peter Friedl, Thorsten Seehaus, and Matthias Braun
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 4653–4675, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-4653-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-4653-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Consistent and continuous data on glacier surface velocity are important inputs to time series analyses, numerical ice dynamic modeling and glacier mass flux computations. We present a new data set of glacier surface velocities derived from Sentinel-1 radar satellite data that covers 12 major glaciated regions outside the polar ice sheets. The data comprise continuously updated scene-pair velocity fields, as well as monthly and annually averaged velocity mosaics at 200 m spatial resolution.
Izabela Szuman, Jakub Z. Kalita, Marek W. Ewertowski, Chris D. Clark, Stephen J. Livingstone, and Leszek Kasprzak
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 4635–4651, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-4635-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-4635-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The Baltic Ice Stream Complex was the most prominent ice stream of the last Scandinavian Ice Sheet, controlling ice sheet drainage and collapse. Our mapping effort, based on a lidar DEM, resulted in a dataset containing 5461 landforms over an area of 65 000 km2, which allows for reconstruction of the last Scandinavian Ice Sheet extent and dynamics from the Middle Weichselian ice sheet advance, 50–30 ka, through the Last Glacial Maximum, 25–21 ka, and Young Baltic advances, 18–15 ka.
Mengzhen Qi, Yan Liu, Jiping Liu, Xiao Cheng, Yijing Lin, Qiyang Feng, Qiang Shen, and Zhitong Yu
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 4583–4601, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-4583-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-4583-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
A total of 1975 annual calving events larger than 1 km2 were detected on the Antarctic ice shelves from August 2005 to August 2020. The average annual calved area was measured as 3549.1 km2, and the average calving rate was measured as 770.3 Gt yr-1. Iceberg calving is most prevalent in West Antarctica, followed by the Antarctic Peninsula and Wilkes Land in East Antarctica. This annual iceberg calving dataset provides consistent and precise calving observations with the longest time coverage.
Cited articles
Ali, I., Shukla, A., and Romshoo, S. A.: Assessing linkages between spatial
facies changes and dimensional variations of glaciers in the upper Indus
Basin, western Himalaya, Geomorphology, 284, 115–129,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2017.01.005, 2017.
Azam, M. F., Ramanathan, A. L., Wagnon, P., Vincent, C., Linda, A., Berthier,
E., Sharma, P., Mandal, A., Angchuk, T., Singh, V. B., and Pottakkal, J. G.:
Meteorological conditions, seasonal and annual mass balances of Chhota
Shigri Glacier, western Himalaya, India, Ann. Glaciol., 57, 328–338,
https://doi.org/10.3189/2016AoG71A570, 2016.
Azam, M. F., Wagnon, P., Berthier, E., Vincent, C., Fujita, K., and Kargel,
J. F.: Review of the status and mass changes of Himalayan-Karakoram
glaciers, J. Glaciol., 64, 61–74,
https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2017.86, 2018.
Bajracharya, S. R., Mool, P. K., and Shrestha, B. R.: Global climate change and
melting of Himalayan glaciers. Melting glaciers and rising sea levels:
Impacts and implications, edited by: Prabha Shastri Ranade, The Icfai's University
Press, India, 28–46, 2008.
Basnett, S., Kulkarni, A. V., and Bolch, T.: The influence of debris cover and
glacial lakes on the recession of glaciers in Sikkim Himalaya, India,
J. Glaciol., 59, 1035–1046, https://doi.org/10.3189/2013JoG12J184,
2013.
Bhambri, R., Bolch, T., Chaujar, R. K., and Kulshreshtha, S. C.: Glacier
changes in the Garhwal Himalaya, India, from 1968 to 2006 based on remote
sensing, J. Glaciol., 57, 543–556,
https://doi.org/10.3189/002214311796905604, 2011.
Bhambri, R., Bolch, T., and Chaujar, R. K.: Frontal recession of Gangotri
Glacier, Garhwal Himalayas, from 1965 to 2006, measured through
high-resolution remote sensing data, Curr. Sci. India, 102, 489–494, 2012.
Bhambri, R., Bolch, T., Kawishwar, P., Dobhal, D. P., Srivastava, D., and Pratap, B.: Heterogeneity in glacier response in the upper Shyok valley, northeast Karakoram, The Cryosphere, 7, 1385–1398, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-7-1385-2013, 2013.
Bhattacharya, A., Bolch, Mukherjee, K., Pieczonka, T., Kropacek, J., and
Buchroithner, M.: Overall recession and mass budget of Gangotri Glacier,
Garhwal Himalayas, from 1965 to 2015 using remote sensing data, J.
Glaciol., 62, 1115–1133, https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2016.96, 2016.
Bhushan, S., Syed, T. H., Arendt, A. A., Kulkarni, A. V., and Sinha, D.:
Assessing controls on mass budget and surface velocity variations of
glaciers in Western Himalaya, Sci. Rep., 8, 8885,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-27014-y, 2018.
Bhutiyani, M. R., Kale, V. S., and Pawar, N. J: Long term trends in maximum,
minimum and mean annual air temperature across the Northwestern Himalaya
during the twentieth century, Climate Change, 85, 159–177,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-006-9196-1, 2007.
Birajdar, F., Venkataraman, G., Bahuguna, I., and Samant, H.: A revised
glacier inventory of Bhaga Basin Himachal Pradesh, India: current status and
recent glacier variations, ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing
and Spatial Information Sciences, II-8, 37–43, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprsannals-ii-8-37-2014, 2014.
Bolch, T., Buchroithner, M., Pieczonka, T., and Kunert, A.: Planimetric and
Volumetric Glacier Changes in the Khumbu Himal, Nepal, Since 1962 Using
Corona, Landsat TM and ASTER Data, Journal of Glaciology, 54, 592–600,
https://doi.org/10.3189/002214308786570782, 2008.
Bolch, T., Kulkarni, A., Kääb, A., Huggel, C., Paul, F., Cogley, J.
G., Frey, H., Kargel, J. S., Fujita, K., Scheel, M., Bajracharya, S., and
Stoffel, M.: The State and Fate of Himalayan Glaciers, Science, 336,
310–314, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1215828, 2012.
Brun, F., Berthier, E., Wagnon, P., Kääb, A., and Treichler, D.: A
spatially resolved estimate of High Mountain Asia glacier mass balances from
2000 to 2006, Nat. Geosci., 10, 668–673, https://doi.org/10.1038/NGEO2999, 2017.
Chand, P. and Sharma, M. C.: Glacier changes in Ravi basin, North-Western
Himalaya (India) during the last four decades (1971–2010/13), Global
Planet. Change, 135,
133–147, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2015.10.013, 2015.
Chudley, T. R., Miles, E. S., and Willis, I. C.: Glacier characteristics and
retreat between 1991 and 2014 in the Ladakh Range, Jammu and Kashmir, Remote
Sens. Lett., 8, 518–527, https://doi.org/10.1080/2150704X.2017.1295480,
2017.
Cogley, J. G.: Glacier shrinkage across High Mountain Asia, Ann.
Glaciol., 57, 41–49, https://doi.org/10.3189/2016AoG71A040, 2016.
Das, S. and Sharma, M. C.: Glacier changes between 1971 and 2016 in the
Jankar Chhu Watershed, Lahaul Himalaya, India, J. Glaciol., 65, 13–28,
https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2018.77, 2018.
DeBeer, C. M. and Sharp, M. J.: Topographic influences on recent changes of
very small glaciers in the Monashee mountains, British Columbia, Canada,
J. Glaciol., 55, 691–700,
https://doi.org/10.3189/002214309789470851, 2009.
Deota, B. S., Trivedi, Y. N., Kulkarni, A. V., Bahuguna, I. M., and Rathore,
B. P.: RS and GIS in mapping of geomorphic records and understanding the
local controls of glacial retreat from the Baspa Valley, Himachal Pradesh,
India, Curr. Sci. India, 100, 1555–1563, 2011.
Dimri, A. P.: Interseasonal oscillation associated with the Indian winter
monsoon, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 118, 1189–1198,
https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrd.50144, 2013.
Dobhal, D. P., Mehta, M., and Srivastava, D.: Influence of debris cover on
terminus retreat and mass changes of Chorabari Glacier, Garhwal region,
central Himalaya, India, J. Glaciol., 59, 961–971,
https://doi.org/10.3189/2013jog12j180, 2013.
Gardelle, J., Berthier, E., Arnaud, Y., and Kääb, A.: Region-wide glacier mass balances over the Pamir-Karakoram-Himalaya during 1999–2011, The Cryosphere, 7, 1263–1286, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-7-1263-2013, 2013.
Garg, P. K., Shukla, A., Tiwari, R. K., and Jasrotia, A. S.: Assessing the
status of glaciers in parts of the Chandra basin, Himachal Himalaya: A
multiparametric approach, Geomorphology, 284, 99–114,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2016.10.022, 2017a.
Garg, P. K., Shukla, A., and Jasrotia, A. S.: Influence of topography on
glacier changes in the central Himalaya, India, Global Planet. Change,
155, 196–212, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2017.07.007, 2017b.
Garg, S., Shukla, A., Mehta, M., Kumar, V., Samuel, S. A., Bartarya, S., and
Shukla, U. K.: Field evidences showing rapid frontal degeneration of the
Kangriz glacier, Suru basin, Jammu and Kashmir, J. Mountain Sci.,
15, 1199–1208, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11629-017-4809-x, 2018.
Garg, S., Shukla, A., Mehta, M., Kumar, V., and Shukla, U. K.: On geomorphic
manifestations and glaciation history of the Kangriz glacier, western
Himalaya, Himal. Geol., 40, 115–127, 2019.
Guo, Z., Wanga, N., Kehrwald, N. M., Mao, R., Wua, H., Wu, Y., and Jiang, X.:
Temporal and spatial changes in western Himalayan firn line altitudes from
1998 to 2009, Global Planet. Change, 118,
97–105, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2014.03.012, 2014.
Hall, D. K., Bayr, K. J., Schöner, W., Bindschadlerd, R. A., and Chiene,
J. Y. L.: Consideration of the Errors Inherent in Mapping Historical Glacier
Positions in Austria from the Ground and Space (1893–2001), Remote Sens.
Environ., 86, 566–577, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0034-4257(03)00134-2,
2003.
Hanshaw, M. N. and Bookhagen, B.: Glacial areas, lake areas, and snow lines from 1975 to 2012: status of the Cordillera Vilcanota, including the Quelccaya Ice Cap, northern central Andes, Peru, The Cryosphere, 8, 359–376, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-8-359-2014, 2014.
Harris, I. C. and Jones, P. D.: CRU TS 4.02: Climatic Research Unit (CRU)
year-by-year variation of selected climate variables by country (CY) version
4.02 (Jan. 1901–Dec. 2017), Centre for Environmental Data
Analysis, https://doi.org/10.5285/d4e823f0172947c5ae6e6b265656c273, 2018.
India Meteorological Department (IMD): Climatological table, available
online: http://www.imd.gov.in/pages/city_weather_show.php (last access: 15 December 2019), 2015.
Immerzeel, W. W., Beek, L. P. H., and Bierkens M. F. P.: Climate change will
affect the Asian water towers, Science, 328, 1382–1385,
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1183188, 2010.
IPCC: Summary for policymakers, in: Climate
Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis, Contribution of Working Group III
to the Fifth Assessment Report of Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, edited by: Stocker, T. F., Qin, D., Plattner, G.-K., Tignor, M., Allen, S. K., Boschung, J., Nauels, A., Xia, Y., Bex, V., and Midgley, P. M.,
Cambridge University Press, Cambridge and New York, 2013.
Kääb, A., Berthier, E., Nuth, C., Gardelle, J., and Arnaud, Y.:
Contrasting patterns of early twenty first century glacier mass change in
the Himalayas, Nature, 488, 495–498, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature11324,
2012.
Kääb, A., Treichler, D., Nuth, C., and Berthier, E.: Brief Communication: Contending estimates of 2003–2008 glacier mass balance over the Pamir–Karakoram–Himalaya, The Cryosphere, 9, 557–564, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-9-557-2015, 2015.
Kamp, U., Byrne, M., and Bolch, T.: Glacier Fluctuations between 1975 and
2008 in the Greater Himalaya Range of Zanskar, Southern Ladakh, J.
Mountain Sci., 8, 374–389, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11629-011-2007-9,
2011.
Kaser, G., Großhauser, M., and Marzeion, B.: Contribution potential of
glaciers to water availability in different climate regimes, P.
Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 107,
20223–20227, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1008162107, 2010.
Kulkarni, A. V., Bahuguna, I. M., Rathore, B. P., Singh, S. K., Randhawa, S.
S., Sood, R. K., and Dhar, S.: Glacial retreat in Himalaya using remote
sensing satellite data, Curr. Sci. India, 92, 69–74, https://doi.org/10.1117/12.694004, 2007.
Kulkarni, A. V., Rathore, B. P., Singh, S. K., and Bahuguna, I. M.:
Understanding changes in Himalayan Cryosphere using remote sensing
technique, Int. J. Remote Sens., 32, 601–615,
https://doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2010.517802, 2011.
Liu, S., Ding, Y., Shangguan, D., Zhang, Y., Li, J., Han, H., Wang, J., and Xie, C.: Glacier retreat as a result of climate warming and increased precipitation in the Tarim river basin, northwest China, An. Glaciol., 43, 91–96, 2006.
Maurer, J. M., Schaefer, J. M., Rupper, S., and Corley, A.: Acceleration of ice
loss across the Himalayas over the past 40 years, Sci. Adv., 5, 1–12,
https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aav7266, 2019.
Mayewski, P. A. and Jeschke, P. A.: Himalayan and Trans-Himalayan Glacier
Fluctuations Since A.D. 1812, Arctic Alpine Res., 11, 267–287,
1980.
Miller, J. D., Immerzeel, W. W., and Rees, G.: Climate change impacts on
glacier hydrology and river discharge in the Hindu Kush-Himalaya, Mountain
Research and Development, 32, 461–467,
https://doi.org/10.1659/MRD-JOURNAL-D-12-00027.1, 2012.
Minora, U., Bocchiola, D., D'Agata, C., Maragno, D., Mayer, C., Lambrecht, A., Mosconi, B., Vuillermoz, E., Senese, A., Compostella, C., Smiraglia, C., and Diolaiuti, G.: 2001–2010 glacier changes in the Central Karakoram National Park: a contribution to evaluate the magnitude and rate of the “Karakoram anomaly”, The Cryosphere Discuss., 7, 2891–2941, https://doi.org/10.5194/tcd-7-2891-2013, 2013.
Mir, R. A., Jain, S. K., Jain, Thayyen, R. J., and Saraf, A. K.: Assessment
of recent glacier changes and its controlling factors from 1976 to 2011 in
Baspa Basin, western Himalaya, Arct. Antarct. Alp. Res., 49,
621–647, https://doi.org/10.1657/AAAR0015-070, 2017.
Mölg, N., Bolch, T., Rastner, P., Strozzi, T., and Paul, F.: A consistent glacier inventory for Karakoram and Pamir derived from Landsat data: distribution of debris cover and mapping challenges, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 10, 1807–1827, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-1807-2018, 2018.
Murtaza K. O. and Romshoo S. A.: Recent glacier changes in the Kashmir
Alpine Himalayas, India, Geocarto Int., 32, 188–205,
https://doi.org/10.1080/10106049.2015.1132482, 2015.
Nuimura, T., Sakai, A., Taniguchi, K., Nagai, H., Lamsal, D., Tsutaki, S., Kozawa, A., Hoshina, Y., Takenaka, S., Omiya, S., Tsunematsu, K., Tshering, P., and Fujita, K.: The GAMDAM glacier inventory: a quality-controlled inventory of Asian glaciers, The Cryosphere, 9, 849–864, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-9-849-2015, 2015.
Pandey, A., Ghosh, S., and Nathawat, M. S.: Evaluating patterns of temporal
glacier changes in Greater Himalayan Range, Jammu and Kashmir, India,
Geocarto Int., 26, 321–338,
https://doi.org/10.1080/10106049.2011.554611, 2011.
Pandey, P. and Venkataraman, G.: Changes in the glaciers of Chandra–Bhaga
basin, Himachal Himalaya, India, between 1980 and 2010 measured using remote
sensing, Int. J. Remote Sens., 34, 5584–5597,
https://doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2013.793464, 2013.
Patel, L. K., Sharma, P., Fathima, T. N., and Thamban, M.: Geospatial
observations of topographical control over the glacier retreat, Miyar basin,
western Himalaya, India, Environ. Earth Sci., 77, 190,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-018-7379-5, 2018.
Paul, F., Barrand, N. E., Baumann, S., Berthier, E., Bolch, T., Casey, K.,
Frey, H., Joshi, S. P., Konovalov, V., Bris, R. L., and Mölg, N.: On the
accuracy of glacier outlines derived from remote-sensing data, Ann.
Glaciol., 54, 171–182, https://doi.org/10.3189/2013AoG63A296, 2013.
Paul, F., Bolch, T., Kääb, A., Nagler, T., Nuth, C., and Scharrer,
K.: The glaciers climate change initiative: methods for creating glacier
area, elevation change and velocity products, Remote Sens.
Environ., 162, 408–426, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2013.07.043,
2015.
Paul, F., Bolch, T., Briggs, K., Kääb, A., McMillan, M., McNabb, R.,
Nagler, T., Nuth, C., Rastner, P., Strozzi, T., and Wuite, J.: Error sources
and guidelines for quality assessment of glacier area, elevation change, and
velocity products derived from satellite data in the Glaciers_cci project, Remote Sens. Environ., 203, 256–275,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2017.08.038, 2017.
Pfeffer, W. T., Arendt, A., Bliss, A., Bolch, T., Cogley, J. G., Gardner, A.
S., Hagen, J. O., Hock, R., Kaser, G., Kienholz, C., Miles, E. S., Moholdt,
G., Molg, N., Paul, F., Radic, V., Rastner, P., Raup, B. H., Rich, J., and
Sharp, M.: The Randolph Glacier Inventory: A globally complete inventory of
glaciers, J. Glaciol., 60, 537–552, https://doi.org/10.3189/2014JoG13J176,
2014.
Pritchard, H. D.: Asia's glaciers are a regionally important buffer against
drought, Nature, 545, 169–187, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature22062, 2017.
Racoviteanu, A. E., Arnaud, Y., Williams, M. W., and Ordonez, J.: Decadal
changes in glacier parameters in the Cordillera Blanca, Peru, derived from
remote sensing, J. Glaciol., 54, 499–510,
https://doi.org/10.3189/002214308785836922, 2008.
Racoviteanu, A., Paul, F., Raup, B., Khalsa, S. J. S., and Armstrong, R.:
Challenges and recommendations in mapping of glacier parameters from space:
results of the 2008 Global Land Ice Measurements from Space (GLIMS)
workshop, Boulder, Colorado, USA, Ann. Glaciol., 50, 53–69,
https://doi.org/10.3189/172756410790595804, 2009.
Rai, P. K., Nathawat, M. S., and Mohan, K.: Glacier retreat in Doda valley,
Zanskar basin, Jammu and Kashmir, India, Universal Journal of Geoscience, 1,
139–149, https://doi.org/10.13189/ujg.2013.010304, 2013.
Raina, R. K. and Koul, M. N.: Impact of Climatic Change on Agro-Ecological
Zones of the Suru-Zanskar Valley, Ladakh (Jammu and Kashmir), India, Journal
of Ecology and the Natural Environment, 3, 424–440, 2011.
Raina, V. K.: Himalayan glaciers: a state-of-art review of glacial studies,
glacial retreat and climate change, Himal. Glaciers State-Art Review,
Glacial Stud. Glacial Retreat Climate Change,Ministry of Environment and Forests Discussion paper, 2009.
Rashid, I., Romshoo, S. A., and Abdullah, T.: The recent deglaciation of
Kolahoi Valley in Kashmir Himalaya, India in response to the changing
climate, J. Asian Earth Sci., 138, 38–50,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2017.02.002, 2017.
Raup, B., Racoviteanu, A., Khals, S. J. S., Helm, C., Armstrong, R., and Arnaud,
Y.: The GLIMS geospatial glacier database: a new tool for studying glacier
change, Global Planet. Change, 56, 101–110,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2006.07.018, 2007.
Rivera, A., Cawkwell, F., Rada, C., and Bravo, C.: Hypsometry, in:
Encyclopaedia of Snow, Ice and glaciers, Springer, Netherlands, 551–554,
2011.
Sakai, A.: Glacial lakes in the Himalayas: A review on formation and
Expansion process, Global Environ. Res., 16, 23–30, 2012.
Sakai, A. and Fujita, K.: Contrasting glacier responses to recent climate
change in high-mountain Asia, Sci. Rep., 7, 1–18,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-14256-5, 2017.
Sangewar, C. V. and Shukla, S. P.: Inventory of the Himalayan Glaciers: A
Contribution to the International Hydrological Programme, An Updated
Edition, Kolkata: Geological Survey of India, Special Publication 34, IISN:
1:0254–0436, 2009.
Scherler, D., Bookhagen, B., and Strecker, M. R.: Spatially variable response
of Himalayan glaciers to climate change affected by debris cover, Nat.
Geosci., 4, 156–159, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1068, 2011.
Schmidt, S. and Nuesser, M.: Changes of High Altitude Glaciers in the
Trans-Himalaya of Ladakh over the Past Five Decades (1969–2016),
Geosciences, 7, 27, https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences7020027, 2017.
Sen, P. K.: Estimates of the regression coefficient based on Kendall's Tau,
Am. Stat. J., 63, 1379–1389, https://doi.org/10.2307/2285891,
1968.
Shekhar, M., Bhardwaj, A., Singh, S., Ranhotra1, P. S., Bhattacharyya, A.,
Pal, A. K., Roy, I., Martín- Torres, F. J., and Zorzano, M.P.: Himalayan
glaciers experienced significant mass loss during later phases of little ice
age, Sci. Rep., 7, 1–14, 2017.
Shiyin, L., Donghui, S., Junli, Xu., Xin, W., Xiaojun, Y., Zongli, J.,
Wanqin, G., Anxin, L., Shiqiang, Z., Baisheng, Ye., Zhen, Li., Junfeng, W.,
and Lizong, W.: Glaciers in China and Their Variations, in: Global Land Ice
Measurements from Space, edited by: Kargel, J.,
Leonard, G., Bishop, M., Kääb, A., and Raup, B., Springer Praxis Books, Springer, Berlin,
Heidelberg, 2014
Shukla, A., Gupta, R. P., and Arora, M. K.: Estimation of debris cover and
its temporal variation using optical satellite sensor data: a case study in
Chenab basin, Himalaya, J. Glaciol., 55, 444–452,
https://doi.org/10.3189/002214309788816632, 2009.
Shukla, A. and Qadir, J.: Differential response of glaciers with varying
debris cover extent: evidence from changing glacier parameters,
Int. J. Remote Sens., 37, 2453–2479,
https://doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2016.1176272, 2016.
Shukla, A., Garg, P. K., Mehta, M., and Kumar, V.: Changes in dynamics of Pensilungpa glacier, western Himalaya, over the past two decades, in: Proceedings of the 38th Asian Conference on Remote Sensing, Delhi, India, 23–27 October 2017.
Shukla, A., Garg, S., Mehta, M., Kumar, V., and Shukla, U. K.: Temporal
inventory of glaciers in the Suru sub- basin, western Himalaya, PANGAEA,
https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.904131, 2019.
Singh, J. and Yadav, R. R.: Tree-ring indications of recent glacier
fluctuations in Gangotri, western Himalaya, India, Curr. Sci. India, 79,
1598–1601, 2000.
Space Application Centre (SAC): Report: Monitoring Snow and Glaciers of
Himalayan Region, Space Application Centre, ISRO, Ahmedabad, India, 413
pp., 2016.
Vaughan, D. G., Comiso, J. C., Allison, I., Carrasco, J., Kaser, G., Kwok,
R., Mote, P., Murray, T., Paul, F., Ren, J., Rignot, E., Solomina, O.,
Steffen, K., and Zhang, T.: Observations: Cryosphere, in: Climate change 2013:
The physical science basis. Contribution of working group I to the fifth
assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change, edited by: Stocker,
T. F., Qin, D., Plattner, G. K., Tignor, M., Allen, S. K., Boschung, J.,
Nauels, A., Xia, Y., Bex, V., and Midgley, P. M., Cambridge University
Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, 2013.
Venkatesh, T. N., Kulkarni, A. V., and Srinivasan, J.: Relative effect of slope and equilibrium line altitude on the retreat of Himalayan glaciers, The Cryosphere, 6, 301–311, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-6-301-2012, 2012.
Vijay, S. and Braun, M.: Early 21st century spatially detailed elevation
changes of Jammu and Kashmir glaciers (Karakoram–Himalaya), Global
Planet. Change, 165, 137–146,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2018.03.014, 2018.
Vittoz, P.: Ascent of the Nun in the Mountain World: 1954, edited by: Kurz, M.,
George Allen and Unwin, Ltd., London, 1954.
Zhou, Y., Li, Z., Li, J., Zhao, R., and Ding, X.: Geodetic glacier mass
balance (1975–1999) in the central Pamir using the SRTM DEM and KH-9
imagery, J. Glaciol., 65, 309–320, https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2019.8, 2018.
Short summary
This research presents an updated glacier inventory (2017) of the Suru sub-basin, western Himalaya, India, which is useful for glacier-modelling studies. Glaciers here occur in two major Himalayan ranges: the Ladakh Range and the Greater Himalayan Range (GHR). Temporal glacier changes (46 years) suggest an overall degenerating pattern and a transitional response between the Karakoram and GHR glaciers. Local climate variability and unique topography induce heterogeneity in glacier response.
This research presents an updated glacier inventory (2017) of the Suru sub-basin, western...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint