Preprints
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2023-395
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2023-395
01 Dec 2023
 | 01 Dec 2023
Status: this preprint was under review for the journal ESSD. A revision for further review has not been submitted.

A database of glacier microbiomes for the Three Poles

Yongqin Liu, Songnian Hu, Tao Yu, Yingfeng Luo, Zhihao Zhang, Yuying Chen, Shunchao Guo, Qinglan Sun, Guomei Fan, Linhuan Wu, Juncai Ma, Keshao Liu, Pengfei Liu, Junzhi Liu, and Mukan Ji

Abstract. Glaciers cover 10 % of Earth’s land area and are a pool of carbon and nitrogen for downstream ecosystems. Microbes, including bacteria, fungi, algae, and other microeukaryotes, are the primary inhabitants of glacier ecosystems and are key drivers of carbon and nitrogen transformation. Here, we present a dataset on supraglacial bacteria and archaea (referred to as microorganisms hereafter) communities across Antarctic, Arctic, and Tibetan glaciers. The dataset comprises 815 amplicon sequencing data, 952 cultured bacterial genomes data, and 208 metagenome data, covering ice, snow, and cryoconite habitats. The dataset contains 67,224 amplicon sequencing phylotypes, with a higher microbial diversity in the Tibetan glaciers than in the Antarctic and Arctic glaciers, which were respectively enriched with Gammaproteobacteria, Bacteroidota, and Alphaproteobacteria. Additionally, 2,517 potential pathogens were identified, accounting for 1.9 % of the total microorganisms identified. Snow and ice exhibited a higher relative abundance of pathogens than cryoconite, which could be attributed to the similar adaptation mechanisms for microbial survival in aerosol and immune evasion. The dataset contains 62,595,715 unique genes and 4,327 microbial genomes, a 34 % expansion from previous publications. Genes were annotated for those associated with carbohydrate-active enzymes, nitrogen cycling, methane cycling, antimicrobial resistance, and microbial virulence, revealing the dynamic microbial functions in glacial habitats. This comprehensive dataset provides standardized microbial diversity, taxonomy, community structure, and genetic functions of glacial microbiomes. The data can be leveraged to elucidate ecological principles governing the distribution of microorganisms, to gain insights into the key functional genes for supraglacial microbiomes, to build mechanistic models, and to identify any potential biohazards for policymakers to make informed decisions regarding climate change. The dataset is available at the National Tibetan Plateau Data Center (https://doi.org/10.11888/Cryos.tpdc.300830, Liu et al., 2023)

Publisher's note: Copernicus Publications remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims made in the text, published maps, institutional affiliations, or any other geographical representation in this preprint. The responsibility to include appropriate place names lies with the authors.
Yongqin Liu, Songnian Hu, Tao Yu, Yingfeng Luo, Zhihao Zhang, Yuying Chen, Shunchao Guo, Qinglan Sun, Guomei Fan, Linhuan Wu, Juncai Ma, Keshao Liu, Pengfei Liu, Junzhi Liu, and Mukan Ji

Status: closed (peer review stopped)

Comment types: AC – author | RC – referee | CC – community | EC – editor | CEC – chief editor | : Report abuse
  • RC1: 'Comment on essd-2023-395', Anonymous Referee #1, 07 Jan 2024
    • CC1: 'Reply on RC1', Mukan Ji, 25 Jan 2024
    • AC1: 'Reply on RC1', Mukan Ji, 15 Nov 2024
  • RC2: 'Comment on essd-2023-395', Anonymous Referee #2, 28 Jan 2024
    • AC2: 'Reply on RC2', Mukan Ji, 15 Nov 2024
  • RC3: 'Comment on essd-2023-395', Anonymous Referee #3, 04 Mar 2024
    • AC3: 'Reply on RC3', Mukan Ji, 15 Nov 2024
  • RC4: 'Comment on essd-2023-395', Anonymous Referee #4, 04 Mar 2024
    • AC4: 'Reply on RC4', Mukan Ji, 15 Nov 2024

Status: closed (peer review stopped)

Comment types: AC – author | RC – referee | CC – community | EC – editor | CEC – chief editor | : Report abuse
  • RC1: 'Comment on essd-2023-395', Anonymous Referee #1, 07 Jan 2024
    • CC1: 'Reply on RC1', Mukan Ji, 25 Jan 2024
    • AC1: 'Reply on RC1', Mukan Ji, 15 Nov 2024
  • RC2: 'Comment on essd-2023-395', Anonymous Referee #2, 28 Jan 2024
    • AC2: 'Reply on RC2', Mukan Ji, 15 Nov 2024
  • RC3: 'Comment on essd-2023-395', Anonymous Referee #3, 04 Mar 2024
    • AC3: 'Reply on RC3', Mukan Ji, 15 Nov 2024
  • RC4: 'Comment on essd-2023-395', Anonymous Referee #4, 04 Mar 2024
    • AC4: 'Reply on RC4', Mukan Ji, 15 Nov 2024
Yongqin Liu, Songnian Hu, Tao Yu, Yingfeng Luo, Zhihao Zhang, Yuying Chen, Shunchao Guo, Qinglan Sun, Guomei Fan, Linhuan Wu, Juncai Ma, Keshao Liu, Pengfei Liu, Junzhi Liu, and Mukan Ji

Data sets

A database of glacier microbiomes for the Three Poles Yongqin Liu, Songnian Hu, Tao Yu, Yingfeng Luo, Zhihao Zhang, Yuying Chen, Shunchao Guo, Qinglan Sun, Guomei Fan, Linhuan Wu, Juncai Ma, Keshao Liu, Pengfei Liu, Junzhi Liu, Ji Mukan https://doi.org/10.11888/Cryos.tpdc.300830

Yongqin Liu, Songnian Hu, Tao Yu, Yingfeng Luo, Zhihao Zhang, Yuying Chen, Shunchao Guo, Qinglan Sun, Guomei Fan, Linhuan Wu, Juncai Ma, Keshao Liu, Pengfei Liu, Junzhi Liu, and Mukan Ji

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Short summary
Based on marker gene, metagenome, and cultivated genome sequencing, the dataset contains 67,224 bacterial and archaeal species, 2,517 potential pathogens, 62,595,715 unique genes, and 4,327 microbial genomes of bacteria and archaea from Antarctic, Arctic, and Tibetan glaciers. The data can be useful to ecologists, microbiologists, and policymakers regarding microbial distribution, evolution, and biohazard assessment for glacier microbiome under global climate change.
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