Articles | Volume 17, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-633-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-633-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Data description paper
| 
11 Feb 2025
Data description paper |
| 11 Feb 2025
| 11 Feb 2025
Calm ocean, stormy sea: atmospheric and oceanographic observations of the Atlantic during the Atlantic References and Convection (ARC) ship campaign
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
Alfred Wegener Institute, Bremerhaven, Germany
Julia Windmiller
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
Dariusz Baranowski
Institute of Geophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
Michał Brennek
Institute of Geophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
Michał Ciuryło
Institute of Geophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
Lennéa Hayo
Institute for Geophysics and Meteorology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
Daniel Kȩpski
Institute of Geophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
Stefan Kinne
Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
Beata Latos
Institute of Geophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
Bertrand Lobo
Department of Hydrography and Geodesy, HafenCity University Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
Tobias Marke
Institute for Geophysics and Meteorology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
Timo Nischik
Department of Hydrography and Geodesy, HafenCity University Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
Daria Paul
Institute for Geophysics and Meteorology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
Piet Stammes
Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), De Bilt, the Netherlands
Artur Szkop
Institute of Geophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
Olaf Tuinder
Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), De Bilt, the Netherlands
Related authors
No articles found.
Olaf N. E. Tuinder, Andy W. Delcloo, and Peggy Achtert
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-5728, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-5728, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Measurement Techniques (AMT).
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents the AC SAF gridded global GOME-2 ozone profile data record. It covers the period 2007–2024 and consists of ozone partial columns on a 0.25 × 0.25 degree grid with 40 layers, with the associated averaging kernels and a priori. The ozone data record is validated against balloon sounding, lidar, FTIR and microwave radiometers. The results demonstrate a high level of consistency across the GOME-2 instruments, underscoring their reliability for long-term ozone monitoring.
Sandrine Bony, Basile Poujol, Brett McKim, Nicolas Rochetin, Marie Lothon, Julia Windmiller, Nicolas Maury, Clarisse Dufaux, Louis Jaffeux, Patrick Chazette, and Julien Delanoë
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 17331–17362, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-17331-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-17331-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Space photographs of the Earth show that clouds form diverse, common but poorly understood cloud patterns. The analysis of observations gathered from research aircraft over the tropical ocean shows that the merging of thermals and clouds in the first kilometer of the atmosphere plays a key role in controlling the size, depth and spacing of clouds. This reveals a fundamental process through which clouds interact with each other and with their environment.
Juliëtte C. S. Anema, K. Folkert Boersma, Lieuwe G. Tilstra, Ruben van't Loo, and Olaf N. E. Tuinder
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2025-561, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2025-561, 2025
Preprint under review for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
The GOME-2 series offers a long solar-induced fluorescence (SIF) record, but sensor-specific instrumental artefacts diverge intersensor observations. We developed a combined GOME-2 SIF record (2007–2023) from GOME-2A and GOME-2B SIF using the SIFTER v3 algorithm, which corrects these artefacts. Both records show strong spatial and temporal coherence. A framework is provided to detect and, if needed, correct intersensor offsets, supporting consistent long-term monitoring of vegetation dynamics.
Helene Marie Gloeckner, Theresa Mieslinger, Nina Robbins-Blanch, Geet George, Lukas Kluft, Tobias Kölling, Sandrine Bony, Julia Windmiller, and Bjorn Stevens
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2025-647, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2025-647, 2025
Preprint under review for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
As part of the ORCESTRA measurement field campaign in August and September 2024, 1191 dropsondes were deployed over the tropical Atlantic. They measure temperature, humidity, and horizontal winds throughout the atmosphere. Here, we present the resulting datasets, which contain different levels of quality controls as well as derived vertical winds. The data will help to understand processes within the tropical rain belt in the Atlantic.
Marius Winkler, Marius Rixen, Florent Beucher, Fleur Couvreux, Chaehyeon C. Nam, Philippe Peyrillé, Hauke Schmidt, Hans Segura, Karl-Hermann Wieners, Ezri Alkilani-Brown, Abdou Aziz Coly, Giovanni Biagioli, Michael M. Bell, Ester Brito, Emma Chauvin, Julie Capo, Delián Colón-Burgos, Akeem Dawes, Jose Carlos da Luz, Zekican Demiralay, Vincent Douet, Vincent Ducastin, Clarisse Dufaux, Jean-Louis Dufresne, Florence Favot, Thomas Fiolleau, Emilie Fons, Geet George, Helene M. Gloeckner, Suelly Gonçalves, Laurent Gouttesoulard, Lennéa Hayo, Wei-Ting Hsiao, Sarah Kennison, Michael Kopelman, Tsung-Yung Lee, Enora Le Gall, Mateo Lovato, Emily Luschen, Nicolas Maury, Brett McKim, Louis Netz, Diouf Ousseynou, Karsten Peters-von Gehlen, Chavez Pope, Basile Poujol, Niwde Rivera Maldonado, Nina Robbins-Blanch, Nicolas Rochetin, Daniel Rowe, Paula Romero Jure, James H. Ruppert Jr., Jairo Segura Bermudez, Jarrett C. Starr, Martin Stelzner, Connor Stoll, Macintyre Syrett, Abraham Tekoe, Jeremie Trules, Colin Welty, Daniel Klocke, Raphaela Vogel, Sandrine Bony, Allison A. Wing, and Bjorn Stevens
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2025-638, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2025-638, 2025
Preprint under review for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
The RAPSODI dataset compiles 624 radiosonde profiles collected during the 2024 ORCESTRA campaign across the tropical Atlantic—from Cape Verde (INMG), the R/V Meteor, and the Barbados Cloud Observatory. It provides high-resolution temperature, humidity, wind, and pressure data to study convection, tropical waves, and ITCZ dynamics. Data are quality-controlled and openly available in Zarr format via IPFS.
Tobias Böck, Moritz Löffler, Tobias Marke, Bernhard Pospichal, Christine Knist, and Ulrich Löhnert
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 18, 6251–6270, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-6251-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-6251-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated how accurate modern ground-based weather sensors are in measuring temperature and humidity within the lower atmosphere. We identified different types of small but important measurement error inherent to the instruments. Understanding these issues helps improve data quality and supports better short-term weather forecasts using sensor networks across Europe.
Victor J. H. Trees, Ping Wang, Job I. Wiltink, Piet Stammes, Daphne M. Stam, David P. Donovan, and A. Pier Siebesma
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2197, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2197, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We present MONKI (Monte Carlo KNMI), an efficient and accurate radiative transfer code written in Fortran. MONKI computes total and polarised radiances reflected and transmitted by planetary atmospheres, accounting for polarisation in all scattering orders. MONKI handles both homogeneous atmospheres and 3D cloud structures. MONKI has been validated, and produces reliable results even for planets with optically thick, strongly polarising atmospheres.
Izabela Pawlak, Anna Odzimek, Daniel Kȩpski, and José Tacza
Ann. Geophys., 43, 391–416, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-43-391-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-43-391-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The electric state of the Earth’s atmosphere is manifested in the surface electric potential gradient (PG). In fair weather the PG should follow the variation of the global source of electric current in the atmosphere, called the global electric circuit. The PG is also influenced by local conditions. We use long-term series of PG and analyse PG variations during conditions of low aerosol concentrations to minimise the aerosol influence on PG obscuring its change due to the global source.
Juliëtte C. S. Anema, K. Folkert Boersma, Lieuwe G. Tilstra, Olaf N. E. Tuinder, and Willem W. Verstraeten
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 18, 1961–1979, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-1961-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-1961-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Long-term records of plant fluorescence offer vital insights into changing vegetation activity. The GOME-2A sensor provides extensive global observations but suffers from calibration and instrument degradation, which affects data consistency. This study presents the SIFTER v3 algorithm, which effectively resolves these issues and includes other improvements, resulting in robust, accurate, and consistent GOME-2A fluorescence measurements from 2007 to 2017.
Victor J. H. Trees, Ping Wang, Piet Stammes, Lieuwe G. Tilstra, David P. Donovan, and A. Pier Siebesma
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 18, 73–91, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-73-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-73-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Our study investigates the impact of cloud shadows on satellite-based aerosol index measurements over Europe by TROPOMI. Using a cloud shadow detection algorithm and simulations, we found that the overall effect on the aerosol index is minimal. Interestingly, we found that cloud shadows are significantly bluer than their shadow-free surroundings, but the traditional algorithm already (partly) automatically corrects for this increased blueness.
Lev D. Labzovskii, Gerd-Jan van Zadelhoff, David P. Donovan, Jos de Kloe, L. Gijsbert Tilstra, Ad Stoffelen, Damien Josset, and Piet Stammes
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 7183–7208, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-7183-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-7183-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The Atmospheric Laser Doppler Instrument (ALADIN) on the Aeolus satellite was the first of its kind to measure high-resolution vertical profiles of aerosols and cloud properties from space. We present an algorithm that produces Aeolus lidar surface returns (LSRs), containing useful information for measuring UV reflectivity. Aeolus LSRs matched well with existing UV reflectivity data from other satellites, like GOME-2 and TROPOMI, and demonstrated excellent sensitivity to modeled snow cover.
Juliëtte C. S. Anema, Klaas Folkert Boersma, Piet Stammes, Gerbrand Koren, William Woodgate, Philipp Köhler, Christian Frankenberg, and Jacqui Stol
Biogeosciences, 21, 2297–2311, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2297-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2297-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
To keep the Paris agreement goals within reach, negative emissions are necessary. They can be achieved with mitigation techniques, such as reforestation, which remove CO2 from the atmosphere. While governments have pinned their hopes on them, there is not yet a good set of tools to objectively determine whether negative emissions do what they promise. Here we show how satellite measurements of plant fluorescence are useful in detecting carbon uptake due to reforestation and vegetation regrowth.
Nicole Docter, Anja Hünerbein, David P. Donovan, Rene Preusker, Jürgen Fischer, Jan Fokke Meirink, Piet Stammes, and Michael Eisinger
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 2507–2519, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-2507-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-2507-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
MSI is the imaging spectrometer on board EarthCARE and will provide across-track information on clouds and aerosol properties. The MSI solar channels exhibit a spectral misalignment effect (SMILE) in the measurements. This paper describes and evaluates how the SMILE will affect the cloud and aerosol retrievals that do not account for it.
Alexandra Tsekeri, Anna Gialitaki, Marco Di Paolantonio, Davide Dionisi, Gian Luigi Liberti, Alnilam Fernandes, Artur Szkop, Aleksander Pietruczuk, Daniel Pérez-Ramírez, Maria J. Granados Muñoz, Juan Luis Guerrero-Rascado, Lucas Alados-Arboledas, Diego Bermejo Pantaleón, Juan Antonio Bravo-Aranda, Anna Kampouri, Eleni Marinou, Vassilis Amiridis, Michael Sicard, Adolfo Comerón, Constantino Muñoz-Porcar, Alejandro Rodríguez-Gómez, Salvatore Romano, Maria Rita Perrone, Xiaoxia Shang, Mika Komppula, Rodanthi-Elisavet Mamouri, Argyro Nisantzi, Diofantos Hadjimitsis, Francisco Navas-Guzmán, Alexander Haefele, Dominika Szczepanik, Artur Tomczak, Iwona S. Stachlewska, Livio Belegante, Doina Nicolae, Kalliopi Artemis Voudouri, Dimitris Balis, Athena A. Floutsi, Holger Baars, Linda Miladi, Nicolas Pascal, Oleg Dubovik, and Anton Lopatin
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 16, 6025–6050, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-6025-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-6025-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
EARLINET/ACTRIS organized an intensive observational campaign in May 2020, with the objective of monitoring the atmospheric state over Europe during the COVID-19 lockdown and relaxation period. The work presented herein focuses on deriving a common methodology for applying a synergistic retrieval that utilizes the network's ground-based passive and active remote sensing measurements and deriving the aerosols from anthropogenic activities over Europe.
Pierre L'Hégaret, Florian Schütte, Sabrina Speich, Gilles Reverdin, Dariusz B. Baranowski, Rena Czeschel, Tim Fischer, Gregory R. Foltz, Karen J. Heywood, Gerd Krahmann, Rémi Laxenaire, Caroline Le Bihan, Philippe Le Bot, Stéphane Leizour, Callum Rollo, Michael Schlundt, Elizabeth Siddle, Corentin Subirade, Dongxiao Zhang, and Johannes Karstensen
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 1801–1830, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-1801-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-1801-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In early 2020, the EUREC4A-OA/ATOMIC experiment took place in the northwestern Tropical Atlantic Ocean, a dynamical region where different water masses interact. Four oceanographic vessels and a fleet of autonomous devices were deployed to study the processes at play and sample the upper ocean, each with its own observing capability. The article first describes the data calibration and validation and second their cross-validation, using a hierarchy of instruments and estimating the uncertainty.
Adriana Bailey, Franziska Aemisegger, Leonie Villiger, Sebastian A. Los, Gilles Reverdin, Estefanía Quiñones Meléndez, Claudia Acquistapace, Dariusz B. Baranowski, Tobias Böck, Sandrine Bony, Tobias Bordsdorff, Derek Coffman, Simon P. de Szoeke, Christopher J. Diekmann, Marina Dütsch, Benjamin Ertl, Joseph Galewsky, Dean Henze, Przemyslaw Makuch, David Noone, Patricia K. Quinn, Michael Rösch, Andreas Schneider, Matthias Schneider, Sabrina Speich, Bjorn Stevens, and Elizabeth J. Thompson
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 465–495, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-465-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-465-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
One of the novel ways EUREC4A set out to investigate trade wind clouds and their coupling to the large-scale circulation was through an extensive network of isotopic measurements in water vapor, precipitation, and seawater. Samples were taken from the island of Barbados, from aboard two aircraft, and from aboard four ships. This paper describes the full collection of EUREC4A isotopic in situ data and guides readers to complementary remotely sensed water vapor isotope ratios.
Johan F. de Haan, Ping Wang, Maarten Sneep, J. Pepijn Veefkind, and Piet Stammes
Geosci. Model Dev., 15, 7031–7050, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-7031-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-7031-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We present an overview of the DISAMAR radiative transfer code, highlighting the novel semi-analytical derivatives for the doubling–adding formulae and the new DISMAS technique for weak absorbers. DISAMAR includes forward simulations and retrievals for satellite spectral measurements from 270 to 2400 nm to determine instrument specifications for passive remote sensing. It has been used in various Sentinel-4/5P/5 projects and in the TROPOMI aerosol layer height and ozone profile products.
Victor J. H. Trees, Ping Wang, Piet Stammes, Lieuwe G. Tilstra, David P. Donovan, and A. Pier Siebesma
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 3121–3140, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-3121-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-3121-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Cloud shadows are observed by the TROPOMI satellite instrument as a result of its high spatial resolution. These shadows contaminate TROPOMI's air quality measurements, because shadows are generally not taken into account in the models that are used for aerosol and trace gas retrievals. We present the Detection AlgoRithm for CLOud Shadows (DARCLOS) for TROPOMI, which is the first cloud shadow detection algorithm for a satellite spectrometer.
Hugues Brenot, Nicolas Theys, Lieven Clarisse, Jeroen van Gent, Daniel R. Hurtmans, Sophie Vandenbussche, Nikolaos Papagiannopoulos, Lucia Mona, Timo Virtanen, Andreas Uppstu, Mikhail Sofiev, Luca Bugliaro, Margarita Vázquez-Navarro, Pascal Hedelt, Michelle Maree Parks, Sara Barsotti, Mauro Coltelli, William Moreland, Simona Scollo, Giuseppe Salerno, Delia Arnold-Arias, Marcus Hirtl, Tuomas Peltonen, Juhani Lahtinen, Klaus Sievers, Florian Lipok, Rolf Rüfenacht, Alexander Haefele, Maxime Hervo, Saskia Wagenaar, Wim Som de Cerff, Jos de Laat, Arnoud Apituley, Piet Stammes, Quentin Laffineur, Andy Delcloo, Robertson Lennart, Carl-Herbert Rokitansky, Arturo Vargas, Markus Kerschbaum, Christian Resch, Raimund Zopp, Matthieu Plu, Vincent-Henri Peuch, Michel Van Roozendael, and Gerhard Wotawa
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 3367–3405, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-3367-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-3367-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The purpose of the EUNADICS-AV (European Natural Airborne Disaster Information and Coordination System for Aviation) prototype early warning system (EWS) is to develop the combined use of harmonised data products from satellite, ground-based and in situ instruments to produce alerts of airborne hazards (volcanic, dust, smoke and radionuclide clouds), satisfying the requirement of aviation air traffic management (ATM) stakeholders (https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/723986).
Bjorn Stevens, Sandrine Bony, David Farrell, Felix Ament, Alan Blyth, Christopher Fairall, Johannes Karstensen, Patricia K. Quinn, Sabrina Speich, Claudia Acquistapace, Franziska Aemisegger, Anna Lea Albright, Hugo Bellenger, Eberhard Bodenschatz, Kathy-Ann Caesar, Rebecca Chewitt-Lucas, Gijs de Boer, Julien Delanoë, Leif Denby, Florian Ewald, Benjamin Fildier, Marvin Forde, Geet George, Silke Gross, Martin Hagen, Andrea Hausold, Karen J. Heywood, Lutz Hirsch, Marek Jacob, Friedhelm Jansen, Stefan Kinne, Daniel Klocke, Tobias Kölling, Heike Konow, Marie Lothon, Wiebke Mohr, Ann Kristin Naumann, Louise Nuijens, Léa Olivier, Robert Pincus, Mira Pöhlker, Gilles Reverdin, Gregory Roberts, Sabrina Schnitt, Hauke Schulz, A. Pier Siebesma, Claudia Christine Stephan, Peter Sullivan, Ludovic Touzé-Peiffer, Jessica Vial, Raphaela Vogel, Paquita Zuidema, Nicola Alexander, Lyndon Alves, Sophian Arixi, Hamish Asmath, Gholamhossein Bagheri, Katharina Baier, Adriana Bailey, Dariusz Baranowski, Alexandre Baron, Sébastien Barrau, Paul A. Barrett, Frédéric Batier, Andreas Behrendt, Arne Bendinger, Florent Beucher, Sebastien Bigorre, Edmund Blades, Peter Blossey, Olivier Bock, Steven Böing, Pierre Bosser, Denis Bourras, Pascale Bouruet-Aubertot, Keith Bower, Pierre Branellec, Hubert Branger, Michal Brennek, Alan Brewer, Pierre-Etienne Brilouet, Björn Brügmann, Stefan A. Buehler, Elmo Burke, Ralph Burton, Radiance Calmer, Jean-Christophe Canonici, Xavier Carton, Gregory Cato Jr., Jude Andre Charles, Patrick Chazette, Yanxu Chen, Michal T. Chilinski, Thomas Choularton, Patrick Chuang, Shamal Clarke, Hugh Coe, Céline Cornet, Pierre Coutris, Fleur Couvreux, Susanne Crewell, Timothy Cronin, Zhiqiang Cui, Yannis Cuypers, Alton Daley, Gillian M. Damerell, Thibaut Dauhut, Hartwig Deneke, Jean-Philippe Desbios, Steffen Dörner, Sebastian Donner, Vincent Douet, Kyla Drushka, Marina Dütsch, André Ehrlich, Kerry Emanuel, Alexandros Emmanouilidis, Jean-Claude Etienne, Sheryl Etienne-Leblanc, Ghislain Faure, Graham Feingold, Luca Ferrero, Andreas Fix, Cyrille Flamant, Piotr Jacek Flatau, Gregory R. Foltz, Linda Forster, Iulian Furtuna, Alan Gadian, Joseph Galewsky, Martin Gallagher, Peter Gallimore, Cassandra Gaston, Chelle Gentemann, Nicolas Geyskens, Andreas Giez, John Gollop, Isabelle Gouirand, Christophe Gourbeyre, Dörte de Graaf, Geiske E. de Groot, Robert Grosz, Johannes Güttler, Manuel Gutleben, Kashawn Hall, George Harris, Kevin C. Helfer, Dean Henze, Calvert Herbert, Bruna Holanda, Antonio Ibanez-Landeta, Janet Intrieri, Suneil Iyer, Fabrice Julien, Heike Kalesse, Jan Kazil, Alexander Kellman, Abiel T. Kidane, Ulrike Kirchner, Marcus Klingebiel, Mareike Körner, Leslie Ann Kremper, Jan Kretzschmar, Ovid Krüger, Wojciech Kumala, Armin Kurz, Pierre L'Hégaret, Matthieu Labaste, Tom Lachlan-Cope, Arlene Laing, Peter Landschützer, Theresa Lang, Diego Lange, Ingo Lange, Clément Laplace, Gauke Lavik, Rémi Laxenaire, Caroline Le Bihan, Mason Leandro, Nathalie Lefevre, Marius Lena, Donald Lenschow, Qiang Li, Gary Lloyd, Sebastian Los, Niccolò Losi, Oscar Lovell, Christopher Luneau, Przemyslaw Makuch, Szymon Malinowski, Gaston Manta, Eleni Marinou, Nicholas Marsden, Sebastien Masson, Nicolas Maury, Bernhard Mayer, Margarette Mayers-Als, Christophe Mazel, Wayne McGeary, James C. McWilliams, Mario Mech, Melina Mehlmann, Agostino Niyonkuru Meroni, Theresa Mieslinger, Andreas Minikin, Peter Minnett, Gregor Möller, Yanmichel Morfa Avalos, Caroline Muller, Ionela Musat, Anna Napoli, Almuth Neuberger, Christophe Noisel, David Noone, Freja Nordsiek, Jakub L. Nowak, Lothar Oswald, Douglas J. Parker, Carolyn Peck, Renaud Person, Miriam Philippi, Albert Plueddemann, Christopher Pöhlker, Veronika Pörtge, Ulrich Pöschl, Lawrence Pologne, Michał Posyniak, Marc Prange, Estefanía Quiñones Meléndez, Jule Radtke, Karim Ramage, Jens Reimann, Lionel Renault, Klaus Reus, Ashford Reyes, Joachim Ribbe, Maximilian Ringel, Markus Ritschel, Cesar B. Rocha, Nicolas Rochetin, Johannes Röttenbacher, Callum Rollo, Haley Royer, Pauline Sadoulet, Leo Saffin, Sanola Sandiford, Irina Sandu, Michael Schäfer, Vera Schemann, Imke Schirmacher, Oliver Schlenczek, Jerome Schmidt, Marcel Schröder, Alfons Schwarzenboeck, Andrea Sealy, Christoph J. Senff, Ilya Serikov, Samkeyat Shohan, Elizabeth Siddle, Alexander Smirnov, Florian Späth, Branden Spooner, M. Katharina Stolla, Wojciech Szkółka, Simon P. de Szoeke, Stéphane Tarot, Eleni Tetoni, Elizabeth Thompson, Jim Thomson, Lorenzo Tomassini, Julien Totems, Alma Anna Ubele, Leonie Villiger, Jan von Arx, Thomas Wagner, Andi Walther, Ben Webber, Manfred Wendisch, Shanice Whitehall, Anton Wiltshire, Allison A. Wing, Martin Wirth, Jonathan Wiskandt, Kevin Wolf, Ludwig Worbes, Ethan Wright, Volker Wulfmeyer, Shanea Young, Chidong Zhang, Dongxiao Zhang, Florian Ziemen, Tobias Zinner, and Martin Zöger
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 4067–4119, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-4067-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-4067-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The EUREC4A field campaign, designed to test hypothesized mechanisms by which clouds respond to warming and benchmark next-generation Earth-system models, is presented. EUREC4A comprised roughly 5 weeks of measurements in the downstream winter trades of the North Atlantic – eastward and southeastward of Barbados. It was the first campaign that attempted to characterize the full range of processes and scales influencing trade wind clouds.
Victor Trees, Ping Wang, and Piet Stammes
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 8593–8614, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-8593-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-8593-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Given the time and location of a point on the Earth's surface, we explain how to compute the wavelength-dependent obscuration during solar eclipses. We restore the top-of-atmosphere reflectances and the absorbing aerosol index in the partial Moon shadow during the solar eclipses on 26 December 2019 and 21 June 2020 measured by TROPOMI. This correction method resolves eclipse anomalies and allows for study of the effect of solar eclipses on the composition of the Earth's atmosphere from space.
Steven Compernolle, Athina Argyrouli, Ronny Lutz, Maarten Sneep, Jean-Christopher Lambert, Ann Mari Fjæraa, Daan Hubert, Arno Keppens, Diego Loyola, Ewan O'Connor, Fabian Romahn, Piet Stammes, Tijl Verhoelst, and Ping Wang
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 2451–2476, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-2451-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-2451-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The high-resolution satellite Sentinel-5p TROPOMI observes several atmospheric gases. To account for cloud interference with the observations, S5P cloud data products (CLOUD OCRA/ROCINN_CAL, OCRA/ROCINN_CRB, and FRESCO) provide vital input: cloud fraction, cloud height, and cloud optical thickness. Here, S5P cloud parameters are validated by comparing with other satellite sensors (VIIRS, MODIS, and OMI) and with ground-based CloudNet data. The agreement depends on product type and cloud height.
Elena Barbaro, Krystyna Koziol, Mats P. Björkman, Carmen P. Vega, Christian Zdanowicz, Tonu Martma, Jean-Charles Gallet, Daniel Kępski, Catherine Larose, Bartłomiej Luks, Florian Tolle, Thomas V. Schuler, Aleksander Uszczyk, and Andrea Spolaor
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 3163–3180, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-3163-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-3163-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This paper shows the most comprehensive seasonal snow chemistry survey to date, carried out in April 2016 across 22 sites on 7 glaciers across Svalbard. The dataset consists of the concentration, mass loading, spatial and altitudinal distribution of major ion species (Ca2+, K+,
Na2+, Mg2+,
NH4+, SO42−,
Br−, Cl− and
NO3−), together with its stable oxygen and hydrogen isotope composition (δ18O and
δ2H) in the snowpack. This study was part of the larger Community Coordinated Snow Study in Svalbard.
Cited articles
Baranowski, D. B., Brennek, M., Ciuryło, M., Kepski, D., Latos, B., Pietruczuk, A., Szkop, A., and Köhler, L.: Uncrewed Aircraft Vehicle (UAV) flight atmospheric measurements in NetCDF format gathered during MARIA S. MERIAN cruise MSM114/2 (ARC), PANGAEA [data set], https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.966641, 2024a. a, b
Baranowski, D. B., Brennek, M., Kepski, D., Latos, B., and Köhler, L.: Uncrewed Aircraft Vehicle (UAV) flight oceanic measurements in NetCDF format gathered during MARIA S. MERIAN cruise MSM114/2 (ARC), PANGAEA [data set], https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.966642, 2024b. a, b
Biasutti, M. and Giannini, A.: Robust Sahel drying in response to late 20th century forcings, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L11706, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GL026067, 2006. a
Bourlès, B., Araujo, M., McPhaden, M. J., Brandt, P., Foltz, G. R., Lumpkin, R., Giordani, H., Hernandez, F., Lefèvre, N., Nobre, P., Campos, E., Saravanan, R., Trotte-Duhà, J., Dengler, M., Hahn, J., Hummels, R., Lübbecke, J. F., Rouault, M., Cotrim, L., Sutton, A., Jochum, M., and Perez, R. C.: PIRATA: A Sustained Observing System for Tropical Atlantic Climate Research and Forecasting, Earth Space Sci., 6, 577–616, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018EA000428, 2019. a
Brandt, P., Windmiller, J., Begler, C., Brockmann, I., dos Anjos, F. A. A., Engelmann, R., Franke, H., Hans, A.-C., Imbol Koungue, R. A., Kamm, D., Körner, M., Lehmke, J., Maia Pacheco, M., Martens, W., Menzel, D., Olbricht, H. D., Quaglia, I., Roch, M., Rubio, H., Ruhtz, T., Schütte, F., Skupin, A., Stolla, M. K., Tuchen, F. P., and Wittlinger, X. A.: Tropical Atlantic Circulation and Climate: Mooring Rescue, Cruise No. SO284, 27 June 27–16 August 2021, Emden, Germany, https://doi.org/10.48433/cr_so284, 2021. a
Chen, Y.-L. and Ogura, Y.: Modulation of convective activity by large-scale flow patterns observed in GATE, J. Atmos. Sci., 39, 1260–1279, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1982)039<1260:mocabl>2.0.co;2, 1982. a
Climate and Forecast (CF) Conventions Committee and Standard Names Committee: CF Standard Name Table (Version 83), https://cfconventions.org/Data/cf-standard-names/current/build/cf-standard-name-table.html (last access: 8 February 2024), 2023. a
Eaton, B., Gregory, J., Drach, B., Taylor, K., Hankin, S., Blower, J., Caron, J., Signell, R., Bentley, P., Rappa, G., Höck, H., Pamment, A., Juckes, M., Raspaud, M., Horne, R., Whiteaker, T., Blodgett, D., Zender, C., Lee, D., Hassell, D., Snow, A. D., Kölling, T., Allured, D., Jelenak, A., Soerensen, A. M., Gaultier, L., and Herlédan, S.: NetCDF Climate and Forecast (CF) Metadata Conventions (Version 1.10), https://cfconventions.org/Data/cf-conventions/cf-conventions-1.10/cf-conventions.pdf (last access: 1 February 2024), 2022. a
Ebell, K., Orlandi, E., Hünerbein, A., Löhnert, U., and Crewell, S.: Combining ground-based with satellite-based measurements in the atmospheric state retrieval: Assessment of the information content, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 118, 6940–6956, https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrd.50548, 2013. a
Frank, W. M.: The structure and energetics of the east Atlantic Intertropical Convergence Zone, J. Atmos. Sci., 40, 1916–1929, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1983)040<1916:TSAEOT>2.0.CO;2, 1983. a
Hayo, L., Marke, T., Paul, D., and Köhler, L.: HATPRO (Humidity and Temperature PROfiler) measurements in NetCDF format gathered during MARIA S. MERIAN cruise MSM114/2 (ARC), PANGAEA [data set], https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.966618, 2024. a, b
Held, I. M., Delworth, T. L., Lu, J., Findell, K. L., and Knutson, T. R.: Simulation of Sahel drought in the 20th and 21st centuries, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 102, 17891–17896, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0509057102, 2005. a
Illingworth, A. J., Hogan, R. J., O'Connor, E. J., Bouniol, D., Brooks, M. E., Delanoé, J., Donovan, D. P., Eastment, J. D., Gaussiat, N., Goddard, J. W. F., Haeffelin, M., Baltink, H. K., Krasnov, O. A., Pelon, J., Piriou, J., Protat, A., Russchenberg, H. W. J., Seifert, A., Tompkins, A. M., van Zadelhoff, G., Vinit, F., Willén, U., Wilson, D. R., and Wrench, C. L.: Cloudnet: Continuous Evaluation of Cloud Profiles in Seven Operational Models Using Ground-Based Observations, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 88, 883–898, https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-88-6-883, 2007. a
Jacob, M., Ament, F., Gutleben, M., Konow, H., Mech, M., Wirth, M., and Crewell, S.: Investigating the liquid water path over the tropical Atlantic with synergistic airborne measurements, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 12, 3237–3254, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-3237-2019, 2019. a
Kinne, S. and Köhler, L.: Cloud camera all sky pictures gathered during MARIA S. MERIAN cruise MSM114/2 (ARC), PANGAEA [data set], https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.966662, 2024a. a, b
Kinne, S. and Köhler, L.: Sunphotometer (Microtops) measurements in NetCDF format gathered during MARIA S. MERIAN cruise MSM114/2 (ARC), PANGAEA [data set], https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.966645, 2024b. a, b
Klocke, D., Brueck, M., Hohenegger, C., and Stevens, B.: Rediscovery of the doldrums in storm-resolving simulations over the tropical Atlantic, Nat. Geosci., 10, 891–896, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-017-0005-4, 2017. a, b
Köhler, L. and Windmiller, J.: DavisShip system (DShip) measurements in NetCDF format including weather station, pure sea water system, global radiation, wave monitoring system and navigation system gathered during MARIA S. MERIAN cruise MSM114/2 (ARC), PANGAEA [data set], https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.966617, 2024. a, b
Köhler, L., Baranowski, D. B., Brennek, M., Ciuryło, M., Hayo, L., Jansen, F., Kepski, D., Kinne, S., Latos, B., Lobo, B., Marke, T., Nischik, T., Paul, D., Pietruczuk, A., Stammes, P., Szkop, A., Tuinder, O., and Windmiller, J.: Standardized data sets of the atmospheric and oceanographic observations gathered during MARIA S. MERIAN cruise MSM114/2 (ARC), PANGAEA [data set], https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.966616, 2024a. a, b, c, d, e
Köhler, L., Hayo, L., Paul, D., and Windmiller, J.: Radiosonde level0 raw data mwx files gathered during MARIA S. MERIAN cruise MSM114/2 (ARC), PANGAEA [data set], https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.966640, 2024b. a, b
Köhler, L., Hayo, L., Paul, D., and Windmiller, J.: Radiosonde level1 measurements in NetCDF format gathered during MARIA S. MERIAN cruise MSM114/2 (ARC), PANGAEA [data set], https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.966638, 2024c. a, b
Köhler, L., Hayo, L., Paul, D., and Windmiller, J.: Radiosonde level2 measurements in NetCDF format gathered during MARIA S. MERIAN cruise MSM114/2 (ARC) [data set], https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.966637, 2024d. a, b
Köhler, L., Jansen, F., and Windmiller, J.: Ceilometer measurements in NetCDF format gathered during MARIA S. MERIAN cruise MSM114/2 (ARC), PANGAEA [data set], https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.966619, 2024e. a, b, c
Köhler, L., Jansen, F., and Windmiller, J.: Ceilometer raw data in NetCDF format gathered during MARIA S. MERIAN cruise MSM114/2 (ARC), PANGAEA [data set], https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.966620, 2024f. a, b, c
Laj, P., Lund Myhre, C., Riffault, V., Amiridis, V., Fuchs, H., Eleftheriadis, K., Petäjä, T., Salameh, T., Kivekäs, N., Juurola, E., Saponaro, G., Philippin, S., Cornacchia, C., Alados Arboledas, L., Baars, H., Claude, A., De Mazière, M., Dils, B., Dufresne, M., Evangeliou, N., Favez, O., Fiebig, M., Haeffelin, M., Herrmann, H., Höhler, K., Illmann, N., Kreuter, A., Ludewig, E., Marinou, E., Möler, O., Mona, L., Eder Murberg, L., Nicolae, D., Novelli, A., O'Connor, E., Ohneiser, K., Petracca Altieri, R. M., Picquet-Varrault, B., van Pinxteren, D., Pospichal, B., Putaud, J.-P., Reimann, S., Siomos, N., Stachlewska, I., Tillmann, R., Artemis Voudouri, K., Wandinger, U., Wiedensohler, A., Apituley, A., Comerón, A., Gysel-Beer, M., Mihalopoulos, N., Nikolova, N., Pietruczuk, A., Sauvage, S., Sciare, J., Skov, H., Svendby, T., Swietlicki, E., Tonev, D., Vaughan, G., Zdimal, V., Baltensperger, U., Doussin, J.-F., Kulmala, M., Pappalardo, G., Sorvari Sundet, S., and Vana, M.: Aerosol, Clouds and Trace Gases Research Infrastructure – ACTRIS, the European research infrastructure supporting atmospheric science, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 105, E1098–E1136, https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-23-0064.1, 2024. a
Leitstelle Deutsche Forschungsschiffe: Observation of Ocean and Clouds – The Trans ITCZ Experiment, BOWTIE – TRANSFORMERS III, Cruises No. M203 – M204, https://www.ldf.uni-hamburg.de/meteor/wochenberichte/wochenberichte-meteor/m201-m206/exp-m203-204.pdf (last access: 19 November 2024), 2024a. a
Leitstelle Deutsche Forschungsschiffe: Western boundary circulation, AMOC, Rain and Dust in the tropical Atlantic, WARD Tropics, Cruises No. M207 – M208, https://www.ldf.uni-hamburg.de/meteor/wochenberichte/wochenberichte-meteor/m206-m210/expeditionsheft-m207-m208.pdf (last access: 19 November 2024), 2024b. a
Lobo, B., Nischik, T., and Köhler, L.: Conductivity, Temperature and Depth (CTD) profiles in NetCDF format gathered during MARIA S. MERIAN cruise MSM114/2 (ARC), PANGAEA [data set], https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.966643, 2024. a, b
Löhnert, U. and Crewell, S.: Accuracy of cloud liquid water path from ground-based microwave radiometry 1. Dependency on cloud model statistics, Radio Sci., 38, 8041, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002RS002654, 2003. a
Löhnert, U. and Maier, O.: Operational profiling of temperature using ground-based microwave radiometry at Payerne: prospects and challenges, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 5, 1121–1134, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-5-1121-2012, 2012. a
Mapes, B. E., Chung, E. S., Hannah, W. M., Masunaga, H., Wimmers, A. J., and Velden, C. S.: The Meandering Margin of the Meteorological Moist Tropics, Geophys. Res. Lett., 45, 1177–1184, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GL076440, 2018. a, b, c
Marke, T., Löhnert, U., Tukiainen, S., Siipola, T., and Pospichal, B.: MWRpy: A Python package for processing microwave radiometer data, J. Open Source Softw., 9, 6733, https://doi.org/10.21105/joss.06733, 2024. a, b
Masunaga, H.: The Edge Intensification of Eastern Pacific ITCZ Convection, J.Climate, 36, 3469–3480, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-22-0382.1, 2023. a, b
Mayer, L., Jakobsson, M., Allen, G., Dorschel, B., Falconer, R., Ferrini, V., Lamarche, G., Snaith, H., and Weatherall, P.: The Nippon Foundation—GEBCO Seabed 2030 Project: The Quest to See the World’s Oceans Completely Mapped by 2030, Geosciences, 8, 63, https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences8020063, 2018. a
Nitsche, F.: Short Cruise Report RV MARIA S. MERIAN – Cruise MSM114/2, https://www.ldf.uni-hamburg.de/merian/wochenberichte/wochenberichte-merian/msm114-msm118/scr-msm-114-2.pdf (last access: 19 November 2024), 2023. a
Nuijens, L., Serikov, I., Hirsch, L., Lonitz, K., and Stevens, B.: The distribution and variability of low-level cloud in the North Atlantic trades, Q. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 140, 2364–2374, https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.2307, 2014. a
Omrani, N.-E., Keenlyside, N., Matthes, K., Boljka, L., Zanchettin, D., Jungclaus, J. H., and Lubis, S. W.: Coupled stratosphere-troposphere-Atlantic multidecadal oscillation and its importance for near-future climate projection, Clim. Atmos. Sci., 5, 59, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-022-00275-1, 2022. a
Richter, I. and Xie, S.-P.: On the origin of equatorial Atlantic biases in coupled general circulation models, Clim. Dynam., 31, 587–598, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-008-0364-z, 2008. a
Rose, T., Crewell, S., Löhnert, U., and Simmer, C.: A network suitable microwave radiometer for operational monitoring of the cloudy atmosphere, Atmos. Res., 75, 183–200, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2004.12.005, 2005. a
Schnitt, S., Foth, A., Kalesse-Los, H., Mech, M., Acquistapace, C., Jansen, F., Löhnert, U., Pospichal, B., Röttenbacher, J., Crewell, S., and Stevens, B.: Ground- and ship-based microwave radiometer measurements during EUREC4A, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 681–700, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-681-2024, 2024. a
Schulz, H.: pysonde: Postprocessing of Atmospheric Soundings (version 0.0.4), Zenodo [code], https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10023462, 2023. a, b, c, d
Siongco, A. C., Hohenegger, C., and Stevens, B.: Sensitivity of the summertime tropical Atlantic precipitation distribution to convective parameterization and model resolution in ECHAM6, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 122, 2579–2594, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JD026093, 2017. a
Smirnov, A., Holben, B., Eck, T., Dubovik, O., and Slutsker, I.: Cloud-Screening and Quality Control Algorithms for the AERONET Database, Remote Sens. Environ., 73, 337–349, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0034-4257(00)00109-7, 2000. a
Smirnov, A., Holben, B. N., Slutsker, I., Giles, D. M., McClain, C. R., Eck, T. F., Sakerin, S. M., Macke, A., Croot, P., Zibordi, G., Quinn, P. K., Sciare, J., Kinne, S., Harvey, M., Smyth, T. J., Piketh, S., Zielinski, T., Proshutinsky, A., Goes, J. I., Nelson, N. B., Larouche, P., Radionov, V. F., Goloub, P., Krishna Moorthy, K., Matarrese, R., Robertson, E. J., and Jourdin, F.: Maritime Aerosol Network as a component of Aerosol Robotic Network, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 114, D06204, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JD011257, 2009. a
Stammes, P., Tuinder, O., and Köhler, L.: Photometer (Calitoo) measurements in NetCDF format gathered during MARIA S. MERIAN cruise MSM114/2 (ARC), PANGAEA [data set], https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.966644, 2024a. a, b
Stammes, P., Tuinder, O., and Köhler, L.: Ambient aerosol (DustTrak) measurements in NetCDF format gathered during MARIA S. MERIAN cruise MSM114/2 (ARC), PANGAEA [data set], https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.966621, 2024b. a, b
Steinke, S., Eikenberg, S., Löhnert, U., Dick, G., Klocke, D., Di Girolamo, P., and Crewell, S.: Assessment of small-scale integrated water vapour variability during HOPE, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 2675–2692, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-2675-2015, 2015. a
von Bröckel, K., Wlost, K.-P., Maggiulli, M., Riedel, F., Bergmann, K., Schmidt, R., and Reize, E.: Maria S. Merian research vessel manual, Briese Research Forschungsschifffahrt, https://www.ldf.uni-hamburg.de/en/merian/technisches/dokumente-tech-merian/handbuch-merian-eng.pdf (last access: 22 August 2023), 2021. a
Walbröl, A., Crewell, S., Engelmann, R., Orlandi, E., Griesche, H., Radenz, M., Hofer, J., Althausen, D., Maturilli, M., and Ebell, K.: Atmospheric temperature, water vapour and liquid water path from two microwave radiometers during MOSAiC, Sci. Data, 9, 534, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-022-01504-1, 2022. a
Wang, X., Chancellor, G., Evenstad, J., Farnsworth, J. E., Hase, A., Olson, G. M., Sreenath, A., and Agarwal, J. K.: A Novel Optical Instrument for Estimating Size Segregated Aerosol Mass Concentration in Real Time, Aerosol Sci. Technol., 43, 939–950, https://doi.org/10.1080/02786820903045141, 2009. a, b
Wilkinson, M. D., Dumontier, M., Aalbersberg, I. J., Appleton, G., Axton, M., Baak, A., Blomberg, N., Boiten, J.-W., da Silva Santos, L. B., Bourne, P. E., Bouwman, J., Brookes, A. J., Clark, T., Crosas, M., Dillo, I., Dumon, O., Edmunds, S., Evelo, C. T., Finkers, R., Gonzalez-Beltran, A., Gray, A. J., Groth, P., Goble, C., Grethe, J. S., Heringa, J., ’t Hoen, P. A., Hooft, R., Kuhn, T., Kok, R., Kok, J., Lusher, S. J., Martone, M. E., Mons, A., Packer, A. L., Persson, B., Rocca-Serra, P., Roos, M., van Schaik, R., Sansone, S.-A., Schultes, E., Sengstag, T., Slater, T., Strawn, G., Swertz, M. A., Thompson, M., van der Lei, J., van Mulligen, E., Velterop, J., Waagmeester, A., Wittenburg, P., Wolstencroft, K., Zhao, J., and Mons, B.: The FAIR Guiding Principles for scientific data management and stewardship, Sci. Data, 3, 160018, https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2016.18, 2016. a
Windmiller, J.: The calm and variable inner life of the Atlantic Intertropical Convergence Zone: the relationship between the doldrums and surface convergence, ESS Open Archive [preprint], https://doi.org/10.22541/essoar.171322706.67236061/v1, 2024. a, b
Yin, J. and Zhao, M.: Influence of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation on the U.S. extreme cold weather, Commun. Earth Environ., 2, 218, https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-021-00290-9, 2021. a
Short summary
We present atmospheric and oceanic data from the Atlantic References and Convection ship campaign with the Maria S. Merian from Mindelo to Punta Arenas observed with the integrated ship sensors; humidity and temperature profiler; ceilometer; aerosol instruments (Calitoo, Microtops, and DustTrak); radiosondes; uncrewed aircraft vehicles; and conductivity, temperature, and depth scans. The data include three complete profiles of the Intertropical Convergence Zone and a storm in the South Atlantic.
We present atmospheric and oceanic data from the Atlantic References and Convection ship...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint