Articles | Volume 17, issue 6
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-3109-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-3109-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Data description paper
| 
01 Jul 2025
Data description paper |
| 01 Jul 2025
| 01 Jul 2025
The Italian Archive of Historical Earthquake Data, ASMI
Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, via A. Corti 12, 20133 Milan, Italy
Mario Locati
Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, via A. Corti 12, 20133 Milan, Italy
Andrea Antonucci
Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, via A. Corti 12, 20133 Milan, Italy
Romano Camassi
Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
Related authors
Laurentiu Danciu, Domenico Giardini, Graeme Weatherill, Roberto Basili, Shyam Nandan, Andrea Rovida, Céline Beauval, Pierre-Yves Bard, Marco Pagani, Celso G. Reyes, Karin Sesetyan, Susana Vilanova, Fabrice Cotton, and Stefan Wiemer
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 3049–3073, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-3049-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-3049-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The 2020 European Seismic Hazard Model (ESHM20) is the latest seismic hazard assessment update for the Euro-Mediterranean region. This state-of-the-art model delivers a broad range of hazard results, including hazard curves, maps, and uniform hazard spectra. ESHM20 provides two hazard maps as informative references in the next update of the European Seismic Design Code (CEN EC8), and it also provides a key input to the first earthquake risk model for Europe.
Vera D'Amico, Francesco Visini, Andrea Rovida, Warner Marzocchi, and Carlo Meletti
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 1401–1413, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-1401-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-1401-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We propose a scoring strategy to rank multiple models/branches of a probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA) model that could be useful to consider specific requests from stakeholders responsible for seismic risk reduction actions. In fact, applications of PSHA often require sampling a few hazard curves from the model. The procedure is introduced through an application aimed to score and rank the branches of a recent Italian PSHA model according to their fit with macroseismic intensity data.
Andrea Antonucci, Andrea Rovida, Vera D'Amico, and Dario Albarello
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 1805–1816, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-1805-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-1805-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The earthquake effects undocumented at 228 Italian localities were calculated through a probabilistic approach starting from the values obtained through the use of an intensity prediction equation, taking into account the intensity data documented at close localities for a given earthquake. The results showed some geographical dependencies and correlations with the intensity levels investigated.
Andrea Rovida, Andrea Antonucci, and Mario Locati
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 5213–5231, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-5213-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-5213-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
EPICA is the 1000–1899 catalogue compiled for the European Seismic Hazard Model 2020 and contains 5703 earthquakes with Mw ≥ 4.0. It relies on the data of the European Archive of Historical Earthquake Data (AHEAD), both macroseismic intensities from historical seismological studies and parameters from regional catalogues. For each earthquake, the most representative datasets were selected and processed in order to derive harmonised parameters, both from intensity data and parametric catalogues.
Francesco Visini, Carlo Meletti, Andrea Rovida, Vera D'Amico, Bruno Pace, and Silvia Pondrelli
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 2807–2827, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-2807-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-2807-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
As new data are collected, seismic hazard models can be updated and improved. In the framework of a project aimed to update the Italian seismic hazard model, we proposed a model based on the definition and parametrization of area sources. Using geological data, seismicity and other geophysical constraints, we delineated three-dimensional boundaries and activity rates of a seismotectonic zoning and explored the epistemic uncertainty by means of a logic-tree approach.
Andrea Antonucci, Andrea Rovida, Vera D'Amico, and Dario Albarello
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 2299–2311, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-2299-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-2299-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We present a probabilistic approach for integrating incomplete intensity distributions by means of the Bayesian combination of estimates provided by intensity prediction equations (IPEs) and data documented at nearby localities, accounting for the relevant uncertainties. The performance of the proposed methodology is tested at 28 Italian localities with long and rich seismic histories and for the strong 1980 and 2009 earthquakes in Italy. An application of this approach is also illustrated.
Silvia Pondrelli, Francesco Visini, Andrea Rovida, Vera D'Amico, Bruno Pace, and Carlo Meletti
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 3577–3592, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-3577-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-3577-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We used 100 years of seismicity in Italy to predict the hypothetical tectonic style of future earthquakes, with the purpose of using this information in a new seismic hazard model. To squeeze all possible information out of the available data, we created a chain of criteria to be applied in the input and output selection processes. The result is a list of cases from very clear ones, e.g., extensional tectonics in the central Apennines, to completely random tectonics for future seismic events.
Andrea Tertulliani, Andrea Antonucci, Filippo Bernardini, Viviana Castelli, Emanuela Ercolani, Laura Graziani, Alessandra Maramai, Martina Orlando, Antonio Rossi, and Tiziana Tuvè
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2025-10, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2025-10, 2025
Revised manuscript accepted for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
We present the results of a rapid and reliable study of 45 Italian earthquakes and characterized by datasets with potential inconsistencies or inhomogeneities. The used methodology obviates the need for exhaustive earthquake re-evaluation, and it is particularly effective for the updating of medium-low events, with a large number of low-intensity data. The result is a new dataset very useful to improve “seismic histories” and to contribute to enhance the seismic hazard of an area.
Laurentiu Danciu, Domenico Giardini, Graeme Weatherill, Roberto Basili, Shyam Nandan, Andrea Rovida, Céline Beauval, Pierre-Yves Bard, Marco Pagani, Celso G. Reyes, Karin Sesetyan, Susana Vilanova, Fabrice Cotton, and Stefan Wiemer
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 3049–3073, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-3049-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-3049-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The 2020 European Seismic Hazard Model (ESHM20) is the latest seismic hazard assessment update for the Euro-Mediterranean region. This state-of-the-art model delivers a broad range of hazard results, including hazard curves, maps, and uniform hazard spectra. ESHM20 provides two hazard maps as informative references in the next update of the European Seismic Design Code (CEN EC8), and it also provides a key input to the first earthquake risk model for Europe.
Vera D'Amico, Francesco Visini, Andrea Rovida, Warner Marzocchi, and Carlo Meletti
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 1401–1413, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-1401-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-1401-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We propose a scoring strategy to rank multiple models/branches of a probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA) model that could be useful to consider specific requests from stakeholders responsible for seismic risk reduction actions. In fact, applications of PSHA often require sampling a few hazard curves from the model. The procedure is introduced through an application aimed to score and rank the branches of a recent Italian PSHA model according to their fit with macroseismic intensity data.
Andrea Antonucci, Andrea Rovida, Vera D'Amico, and Dario Albarello
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 1805–1816, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-1805-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-1805-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The earthquake effects undocumented at 228 Italian localities were calculated through a probabilistic approach starting from the values obtained through the use of an intensity prediction equation, taking into account the intensity data documented at close localities for a given earthquake. The results showed some geographical dependencies and correlations with the intensity levels investigated.
Andrea Rovida, Andrea Antonucci, and Mario Locati
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 5213–5231, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-5213-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-5213-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
EPICA is the 1000–1899 catalogue compiled for the European Seismic Hazard Model 2020 and contains 5703 earthquakes with Mw ≥ 4.0. It relies on the data of the European Archive of Historical Earthquake Data (AHEAD), both macroseismic intensities from historical seismological studies and parameters from regional catalogues. For each earthquake, the most representative datasets were selected and processed in order to derive harmonised parameters, both from intensity data and parametric catalogues.
Francesco Visini, Carlo Meletti, Andrea Rovida, Vera D'Amico, Bruno Pace, and Silvia Pondrelli
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 2807–2827, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-2807-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-2807-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
As new data are collected, seismic hazard models can be updated and improved. In the framework of a project aimed to update the Italian seismic hazard model, we proposed a model based on the definition and parametrization of area sources. Using geological data, seismicity and other geophysical constraints, we delineated three-dimensional boundaries and activity rates of a seismotectonic zoning and explored the epistemic uncertainty by means of a logic-tree approach.
Micol Todesco, Emanuela Ercolani, Flaminia Brasini, Delia Modonesi, Vera Pessina, Rosella Nave, and Romano Camassi
Geosci. Commun., 5, 205–219, https://doi.org/10.5194/gc-5-205-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/gc-5-205-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
How do kids imagine the onset and outcome of a volcanic eruption? A workshop proposed for schools tries to answer this question by collecting stories and drawings done by kids (aged 6–13). The eruption they have in mind is an excellent starting point for building classroom conversations about volcanic risk and its mitigation. Concurrently, the workshop provided us with valuable hints to improve educational materials and lesson plans to account for kids’ knowledge and beliefs.
Andrea Antonucci, Andrea Rovida, Vera D'Amico, and Dario Albarello
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 2299–2311, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-2299-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-2299-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We present a probabilistic approach for integrating incomplete intensity distributions by means of the Bayesian combination of estimates provided by intensity prediction equations (IPEs) and data documented at nearby localities, accounting for the relevant uncertainties. The performance of the proposed methodology is tested at 28 Italian localities with long and rich seismic histories and for the strong 1980 and 2009 earthquakes in Italy. An application of this approach is also illustrated.
Silvia Pondrelli, Francesco Visini, Andrea Rovida, Vera D'Amico, Bruno Pace, and Carlo Meletti
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 3577–3592, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-3577-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-3577-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We used 100 years of seismicity in Italy to predict the hypothetical tectonic style of future earthquakes, with the purpose of using this information in a new seismic hazard model. To squeeze all possible information out of the available data, we created a chain of criteria to be applied in the input and output selection processes. The result is a list of cases from very clear ones, e.g., extensional tectonics in the central Apennines, to completely random tectonics for future seismic events.
Related subject area
Domain: ESSD – Land | Subject: Geophysics and geodesy
A high-quality data set for seismological studies in the East Anatolian Fault Zone, Türkiye
Regional-scale shear-wave velocity profiles for ground response analyses and uncertainty evaluations – the Piedmont region (northwest Italy) database
Seismic survey in an urban area: the activities of the EMERSITO INGV emergency group in Ancona (Italy) following the 2022 Mw 5.5 Costa Marchigiana–Pesarese earthquake
Satellite Altimetry-based Extension of global-scale in situ river discharge Measurements (SAEM)
Advancing geodynamic research in Antarctica: reprocessing GNSS data to infer consistent coordinate time series (GIANT-REGAIN)
Airborne gravimetry with quantum technology: observations from Iceland and Greenland
A comprehensive integrated macroseismic dataset from multiple earthquake studies
Rescue, Integration, and Analytical Application of historical data from eight pioneering geomagnetic observatories in China
GravIS: mass anomaly products from satellite gravimetry
cigFacies: a massive-scale benchmark dataset of seismic facies and its application
GCL-Mascon2024: a novel satellite gravimetry mascon solution using the short-arc approach
Synthetic ground motions in heterogeneous geologies from various sources: the HEMEWS-3D database
cigChannel: A massive-scale 3D seismic dataset with labeled paleochannels for advancing deep learning in seismic interpretation
HUST-Grace2024: a new GRACE-only gravity field time series based on more than 20 years of satellite geodesy data and a hybrid processing chain
A new repository of electrical resistivity tomography and ground-penetrating radar data from summer 2022 near Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard
Enriching the GEOFON seismic catalog with automatic energy magnitude estimations
AIUB-GRACE gravity field solutions for G3P: processing strategies and instrument parameterization
GPS displacement dataset for the study of elastic surface mass variations
Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) time series and velocities about a slowly convergent margin processed on high-performance computing (HPC) clusters: products and robustness evaluation
TRIMS LST: a daily 1 km all-weather land surface temperature dataset for China's landmass and surrounding areas (2000–2022)
Comprehensive data set of in situ hydraulic stimulation experiments for geothermal purposes at the Äspö Hard Rock Laboratory (Sweden)
An earthquake focal mechanism catalog for source and tectonic studies in Mexico from February 1928 to July 2022
Global physics-based database of injection-induced seismicity
The Weisweiler passive seismological network: optimised for state-of-the-art location and imaging methods
A global historical twice-daily (daytime and nighttime) land surface temperature dataset produced by Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer observations from 1981 to 2021
Moho depths beneath the European Alps: a homogeneously processed map and receiver functions database
DL-RMD: a geophysically constrained electromagnetic resistivity model database (RMD) for deep learning (DL) applications
The ULR-repro3 GPS data reanalysis and its estimates of vertical land motion at tide gauges for sea level science
In situ stress database of the greater Ruhr region (Germany) derived from hydrofracturing tests and borehole logs
The European Preinstrumental Earthquake Catalogue EPICA, the 1000–1899 catalogue for the European Seismic Hazard Model 2020
Rescue and quality control of historical geomagnetic measurement at Sheshan observatory, China
A newly integrated ground temperature dataset of permafrost along the China–Russia crude oil pipeline route in Northeast China
In situ observations of the Swiss periglacial environment using GNSS instruments
Permafrost changes in the northwestern Da Xing'anling Mountains, Northeast China, in the past decade
British Antarctic Survey's aerogeophysical data: releasing 25 years of airborne gravity, magnetic, and radar datasets over Antarctica
Leonardo Colavitti, Dino Bindi, Gabriele Tarchini, Davide Scafidi, Matteo Picozzi, and Daniele Spallarossa
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 17, 3089–3108, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-3089-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-3089-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This work describes a dataset of 5 years of earthquakes with magnitude range of 2.0–5.5 from January 2019 along the East Anatolian Fault, Türkiye. All events were located using the non-linear location algorithm, providing reliable horizontal locations and depths. The distributed product includes Fourier amplitude spectra, peak ground acceleration and peak ground velocity; we strongly believe that the creation of high-quality open-source datasets is crucial for any seismological investigation.
Cesare Comina, Guido Maria Adinolfi, Carlo Bertok, Andrea Bertea, Vittorio Giraud, and Pierluigi Pieruccini
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 17, 2175–2191, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-2175-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-2175-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Estimates of earthquake ground motion rely on evaluating soil and rock profiles, with shear-wave velocity (Vs) as a key factor. Uncertainty in Vs impacts seismic hazard predictions. Stochastic procedures model this uncertainty but must be calibrated using detailed geological data and Vs databases. This paper provides a new Vs profile database for Piedmont (northwest Italy), integrating geological modelling and geophysical data and supporting similar studies in other regions.
Daniela Famiani, Fabrizio Cara, Giuseppe Di Giulio, Giovanna Cultrera, Francesca Pacor, Sara Lovati, Gaetano Riccio, Maurizio Vassallo, Giulio Brunelli, Antonio Costanzo, Antonella Bobbio, Marta Pischiutta, Rodolfo Puglia, Marco Massa, Rocco Cogliano, Salomon Hailemikael, Alessia Mercuri, Giuliano Milana, Luca Minarelli, Alessandro Di Filippo, Lucia Nardone, Simone Marzorati, Chiara Ladina, Debora Pantaleo, Carlo Calamita, Maria Grazia Ciaccio, Antonio Fodarella, Stefania Pucillo, Giuliana Mele, Carla Bottari, Gaetano De Luca, Luigi Falco, Antonino Memmolo, Giulia Sgattoni, and Gabriele Tarabusi
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 17, 2087–2112, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-2087-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-2087-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This paper describes data and preliminary analyses made by the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV) emergency task force EMERSITO, devoted to site effects and seismic microzonation studies, following the 9 November 2022 strong earthquake localized in the Adriatic Sea (Italy). Considering the affected area, EMERSITO deployed, from November 2022 to February 2023, a temporary seismic network of 11 stations (net code 6N) which sampled different geological units in the urban area of Ancona.
Peyman Saemian, Omid Elmi, Molly Stroud, Ryan Riggs, Benjamin M. Kitambo, Fabrice Papa, George H. Allen, and Mohammad J. Tourian
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 17, 2063–2085, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-2063-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-2063-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Our study addresses the need for better river discharge data, crucial for water management, by expanding global gauge networks with satellite data. We used satellite altimetry to estimate river discharge for over 8700 stations worldwide, filling gaps in existing records. Our data set, SAEM, supports a better understanding of water systems, helping to manage water resources more effectively, especially in regions with limited monitoring infrastructure.
Eric Buchta, Mirko Scheinert, Matt A. King, Terry Wilson, Achraf Koulali, Peter J. Clarke, Demián Gómez, Eric Kendrick, Christoph Knöfel, and Peter Busch
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 17, 1761–1780, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-1761-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-1761-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Geodetic GPS measurements in Antarctica have been used to track bedrock displacement, which is vital for understanding geodynamic processes such as plate motion and glacial isostatic adjustment. However, the potential of GPS data has been limited by its partially fragmented availability and unreliable metadata. A new dataset, which spans the period from 1995 to 2021, offers consistently processed coordinate time series for 286 GPS sites and promises to enhance future geodynamic research.
Tim Enzlberger Jensen, Bjørnar Dale, Andreas Stokholm, René Forsberg, Alexandre Bresson, Nassim Zahzam, Alexis Bonnin, and Yannick Bidel
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 17, 1667–1684, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-1667-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-1667-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The availability of data from two airborne gravity campaigns using sensors based on both classical and quantum technology is presented. Data are made available by the European Space Agency as raw, intermediate, and final data products. Here “raw” refers to the sensor output, while “final” refers to the along-track gravity estimates. This makes the data relevant for users interested in applications ranging from data processing and quantum studies to geophysical studies using gravity observations.
Andrea Tertulliani, Andrea Antonucci, Filippo Bernardini, Viviana Castelli, Emanuela Ercolani, Laura Graziani, Alessandra Maramai, Martina Orlando, Antonio Rossi, and Tiziana Tuvè
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2025-10, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2025-10, 2025
Revised manuscript accepted for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
We present the results of a rapid and reliable study of 45 Italian earthquakes and characterized by datasets with potential inconsistencies or inhomogeneities. The used methodology obviates the need for exhaustive earthquake re-evaluation, and it is particularly effective for the updating of medium-low events, with a large number of low-intensity data. The result is a new dataset very useful to improve “seismic histories” and to contribute to enhance the seismic hazard of an area.
Suqin Zhang, Changhua Fu, Jianjun Wang, Chuanhua Chen, Guohao Zhu, Qian Zhao, Jun Chen, Shaopeng He, Bin Wang, Pengkun Guo, Na Deng, Jinghui Lu, and Hongchi Yu
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2025-6, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2025-6, 2025
Revised manuscript accepted for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
The objective of this study is to rescue and integrate historical data from eight pioneering geomagnetic observatories in China. Data quality is significantly improved through integration. The integrated dataset is now publicly available for easy access and use by the academic community and the public. These datasets are of great significance for optimizing historical geomagnetic field models, investigating changing magnetic fields, the main geomagnetic field.
Christoph Dahle, Eva Boergens, Ingo Sasgen, Thorben Döhne, Sven Reißland, Henryk Dobslaw, Volker Klemann, Michael Murböck, Rolf König, Robert Dill, Mike Sips, Ulrike Sylla, Andreas Groh, Martin Horwath, and Frank Flechtner
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 17, 611–631, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-611-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-611-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
GRACE and GRACE-FO are unique observing systems to quantify mass changes at the Earth’s surface from space. Time series of these mass changes are of high value for various applications, e.g., in hydrology, glaciology, and oceanography. GravIS (Gravity Information Service) provides easy access to user-friendly, regularly updated mass anomaly products. The portal visualizes and describes these data, aiming to highlight their significance for understanding changes in the climate system.
Hui Gao, Xinming Wu, Xiaoming Sun, Mingcai Hou, Hang Gao, Guangyu Wang, and Hanlin Sheng
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 17, 595–609, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-595-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-595-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We propose three strategies for field seismic data curation, knowledge-guided synthesization, and generative adversarial network (GAN)-based generation to construct a massive-scale, feature-rich, and high-realism benchmark dataset of seismic facies and evaluate its effectiveness in training a deep-learning model for automatic seismic facies classification.
Zhengwen Yan, Jiangjun Ran, Pavel Ditmar, C. K. Shum, Roland Klees, Patrick Smith, and Xavier Fettweis
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-512, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-512, 2025
Revised manuscript accepted for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
The Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment (GRACE) mission has greatly improved our understanding of changes in Earth's gravity field over time. A novel mass concentration (mascon) dataset, GCL-Mascon2024, was determined by leveraging the short-arc approach, advanced spatial constraints, frequency-dependent noise processing strategy, and parameterization integrating natural boundaries, which aims to enhance accuracy for monitoring mass transportation on Earth.
Fanny Lehmann, Filippo Gatti, Michaël Bertin, and Didier Clouteau
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 3949–3972, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-3949-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-3949-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Numerical simulations are a promising approach to characterizing the intensity of ground motion in the presence of geological uncertainties. However, the computational cost of 3D simulations can limit their usability. We present the first database of seismic-induced ground motion generated by an earthquake simulator for a collection of 30 000 heterogeneous geologies. The HEMEWS-3D dataset can be helpful for geophysicists, seismologists, and machine learning scientists, among others.
Guangyu Wang, Xinming Wu, and Wen Zhang
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-131, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-131, 2024
Revised manuscript accepted for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
Seismic paleochannel interpretation is essential for hydrocarbon exploration and paleoclimate studies but remains labor-intensive. Deep learning (DL) is promising to automate it but hindered by the lack of labeled data. We propose a workflow to simulate various channels and realistic seismic volumes, yielding the largest 3D seismic dataset with diverse channel labels. Its effectiveness is proven by field applications. The dataset, codes and DL models are released to advance further research.
Hao Zhou, Lijun Zheng, Yaozong Li, Xiang Guo, Zebing Zhou, and Zhicai Luo
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 3261–3281, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-3261-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-3261-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The satellite gravimetry mission Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) and its follower GRACE-FO play a vital role in monitoring mass transportation on Earth. Based on the latest observation data derived from GRACE and GRACE-FO and an updated data processing chain, a new monthly temporal gravity field series, HUST-Grace2024, was determined.
Francesca Pace, Andrea Vergnano, Alberto Godio, Gerardo Romano, Luigi Capozzoli, Ilaria Baneschi, Marco Doveri, and Alessandro Santilano
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 3171–3192, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-3171-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-3171-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We present the geophysical data set acquired close to Ny-Ålesund (Svalbard islands) for the characterization of glacial and hydrological processes and features. The data have been organized in a repository that includes both raw and processed (filtered) data and some representative results of 2D models of the subsurface. This data set can foster multidisciplinary scientific collaborations among many disciplines: hydrology, glaciology, climatology, geology, geomorphology, etc.
Dino Bindi, Riccardo Zaccarelli, Angelo Strollo, Domenico Di Giacomo, Andres Heinloo, Peter Evans, Fabrice Cotton, and Frederik Tilmann
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 1733–1745, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1733-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1733-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The size of an earthquake is often described by a single number called the magnitude. Among the possible magnitude scales, the seismic moment (Mw) and the radiated energy (Me) scales are based on physical parameters describing the rupture process. Since these two magnitude scales provide complementary information that can be used for seismic hazard assessment and for seismic risk mitigation, we complement the Mw catalog disseminated by the GEOFON Data Centre with Me values.
Neda Darbeheshti, Martin Lasser, Ulrich Meyer, Daniel Arnold, and Adrian Jäggi
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 1589–1599, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1589-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1589-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This paper discusses strategies to improve the GRACE gravity field monthly solutions computed at the Astronomical Institute of the University of Bern. We updated the input observations and background models, as well as improving processing strategies in terms of instrument data screening and instrument parameterization.
Athina Peidou, Donald F. Argus, Felix W. Landerer, David N. Wiese, and Matthias Ellmer
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 1317–1332, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1317-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1317-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study recommends a framework for preparing and processing vertical land displacements derived from GPS positioning for future integration with Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) and GRACE-Follow On (GRACE-FO) measurements. We derive GPS estimates that only reflect surface mass signals and evaluate them against GRACE (and GRACE-FO). We also quantify uncertainty of GPS vertical land displacement estimates using various uncertainty quantification methods.
Lavinia Tunini, Andrea Magrin, Giuliana Rossi, and David Zuliani
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 1083–1106, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1083-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1083-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study presents 20-year time series of more than 350 GNSS stations located in NE Italy and surroundings, together with the outgoing velocities. An overview of the input data, station information, data processing and solution quality is provided. The documented dataset constitutes a crucial and complete source of information about the deformation of an active but slowly converging margin over the last 2 decades, also contributing to the regional seismic hazard assessment of NE Italy.
Wenbin Tang, Ji Zhou, Jin Ma, Ziwei Wang, Lirong Ding, Xiaodong Zhang, and Xu Zhang
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 387–419, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-387-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-387-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This paper reported a daily 1 km all-weather land surface temperature (LST) dataset for Chinese land mass and surrounding areas – TRIMS LST. The results of a comprehensive evaluation show that TRIMS LST has the following special features: the longest time coverage in its class, high image quality, and good accuracy. TRIMS LST has already been released to the scientific community, and a series of its applications have been reported by the literature.
Arno Zang, Peter Niemz, Sebastian von Specht, Günter Zimmermann, Claus Milkereit, Katrin Plenkers, and Gerd Klee
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 295–310, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-295-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-295-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We present experimental data collected in 2015 at Äspö Hard Rock Laboratory. We created six cracks in a rock mass by injecting water into a borehole. The cracks were monitored using special sensors to study how the water affected the rock. The goal of the experiment was to figure out how to create a system for generating heat from the rock that is better than what has been done before. The data collected from this experiment are important for future research into generating energy from rocks.
Quetzalcoatl Rodríguez-Pérez and F. Ramón Zúñiga
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 4781–4801, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-4781-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-4781-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We present a comprehensive catalog of focal mechanisms for earthquakes in Mexico and neighboring areas spanning February 1928 to July 2022. The catalog comprises a wide range of earthquake magnitudes and depths and includes data from diverse geological environments. We collected and revised focal mechanism data from various sources and methods. The catalog is a valuable resource for future studies on earthquake source mechanisms, tectonics, and seismic hazard in the region.
Iman R. Kivi, Auregan Boyet, Haiqing Wu, Linus Walter, Sara Hanson-Hedgecock, Francesco Parisio, and Victor Vilarrasa
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 3163–3182, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3163-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3163-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Induced seismicity has posed significant challenges to secure deployment of geo-energy projects. Through a review of published documents, we present a worldwide, multi-physical database of injection-induced seismicity. The database contains information about in situ rock, tectonic and geologic characteristics, operational parameters, and seismicity for various subsurface energy-related activities. The data allow for an improved understanding and management of injection-induced seismicity.
Claudia Finger, Marco P. Roth, Marco Dietl, Aileen Gotowik, Nina Engels, Rebecca M. Harrington, Brigitte Knapmeyer-Endrun, Klaus Reicherter, Thomas Oswald, Thomas Reinsch, and Erik H. Saenger
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 2655–2666, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2655-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2655-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Passive seismic analyses are a key technology for geothermal projects. The Lower Rhine Embayment, at the western border of North Rhine-Westphalia in Germany, is a geologically complex region with high potential for geothermal exploitation. Here, we report on a passive seismic dataset recorded with 48 seismic stations and a total extent of 20 km. We demonstrate that the network design allows for the application of state-of-the-art seismological methods.
Jia-Hao Li, Zhao-Liang Li, Xiangyang Liu, and Si-Bo Duan
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 2189–2212, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2189-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2189-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) is the only sensor that has the advantages of frequent revisits (twice per day), relatively high spatial resolution (4 km at the nadir), global coverage, and easy access prior to 2000. This study developed a global historical twice-daily LST product for 1981–2021 based on AVHRR GAC data. The product is suitable for detecting and analyzing climate changes over the past 4 decades.
Konstantinos Michailos, György Hetényi, Matteo Scarponi, Josip Stipčević, Irene Bianchi, Luciana Bonatto, Wojciech Czuba, Massimo Di Bona, Aladino Govoni, Katrin Hannemann, Tomasz Janik, Dániel Kalmár, Rainer Kind, Frederik Link, Francesco Pio Lucente, Stephen Monna, Caterina Montuori, Stefan Mroczek, Anne Paul, Claudia Piromallo, Jaroslava Plomerová, Julia Rewers, Simone Salimbeni, Frederik Tilmann, Piotr Środa, Jérôme Vergne, and the AlpArray-PACASE Working Group
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 2117–2138, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2117-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2117-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We examine the spatial variability of the crustal thickness beneath the broader European Alpine region by using teleseismic earthquake information (receiver functions) on a large amount of seismic waveform data. We compile a new Moho depth map of the broader European Alps and make our results freely available. We anticipate that our results can potentially provide helpful hints for interdisciplinary imaging and numerical modeling studies.
Muhammad Rizwan Asif, Nikolaj Foged, Thue Bording, Jakob Juul Larsen, and Anders Vest Christiansen
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 1389–1401, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-1389-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-1389-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
To apply a deep learning (DL) algorithm to electromagnetic (EM) methods, subsurface resistivity models and/or the corresponding EM responses are often required. To date, there are no standardized EM datasets, which hinders the progress and evolution of DL methods due to data inconsistency. Therefore, we present a large-scale physics-driven model database of geologically plausible and EM-resolvable subsurface models to incorporate consistency and reliability into DL applications for EM methods.
Médéric Gravelle, Guy Wöppelmann, Kevin Gobron, Zuheir Altamimi, Mikaël Guichard, Thomas Herring, and Paul Rebischung
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 497–509, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-497-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-497-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We produced a reanalysis of GNSS data near tide gauges worldwide within the International GNSS Service. It implements advances in data modelling and corrections, extending the record length by about 7 years. A 28 % reduction in station velocity uncertainties is achieved over the previous solution. These estimates of vertical land motion at the coast supplement data from satellite altimetry or tide gauges for an improved understanding of sea level changes and their impacts along coastal areas.
Michal Kruszewski, Gerd Klee, Thomas Niederhuber, and Oliver Heidbach
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 5367–5385, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-5367-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-5367-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The authors assemble an in situ stress magnitude and orientation database based on 429 hydrofracturing tests that were carried out in six coal mines and two coal bed methane boreholes between 1986 and 1995 within the greater Ruhr region (Germany). Our study summarises the results of the extensive in situ stress test campaign and assigns quality to each data record using the established quality ranking schemes of the World Stress Map project.
Andrea Rovida, Andrea Antonucci, and Mario Locati
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 5213–5231, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-5213-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-5213-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
EPICA is the 1000–1899 catalogue compiled for the European Seismic Hazard Model 2020 and contains 5703 earthquakes with Mw ≥ 4.0. It relies on the data of the European Archive of Historical Earthquake Data (AHEAD), both macroseismic intensities from historical seismological studies and parameters from regional catalogues. For each earthquake, the most representative datasets were selected and processed in order to derive harmonised parameters, both from intensity data and parametric catalogues.
Suqin Zhang, Changhua Fu, Jianjun Wang, Guohao Zhu, Chuanhua Chen, Shaopeng He, Pengkun Guo, and Guoping Chang
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 5195–5212, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-5195-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-5195-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The Sheshan observatory has nearly 150 years of observation history, and its observation data have important scientific value. However, with time, these precious historical data face the risk of damage and loss. We have carried out a series of rescues on the historical data of the Sheshan observatory. New historical datasets were released, including the quality-controlled absolute hourly mean values of three components (D, H, and Z) from 1933 to 2019.
Guoyu Li, Wei Ma, Fei Wang, Huijun Jin, Alexander Fedorov, Dun Chen, Gang Wu, Yapeng Cao, Yu Zhou, Yanhu Mu, Yuncheng Mao, Jun Zhang, Kai Gao, Xiaoying Jin, Ruixia He, Xinyu Li, and Yan Li
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 5093–5110, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-5093-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-5093-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
A permafrost monitoring network was established along the China–Russia crude oil pipeline (CRCOP) route at the eastern flank of the northern Da Xing'anling Mountains in Northeast China. The resulting datasets fill the gaps in the spatial coverage of mid-latitude mountain permafrost databases. Results show that permafrost warming has been extensively observed along the CRCOP route, and local disturbances triggered by the CRCOPs have resulted in significant permafrost thawing.
Alessandro Cicoira, Samuel Weber, Andreas Biri, Ben Buchli, Reynald Delaloye, Reto Da Forno, Isabelle Gärtner-Roer, Stephan Gruber, Tonio Gsell, Andreas Hasler, Roman Lim, Philippe Limpach, Raphael Mayoraz, Matthias Meyer, Jeannette Noetzli, Marcia Phillips, Eric Pointner, Hugo Raetzo, Cristian Scapozza, Tazio Strozzi, Lothar Thiele, Andreas Vieli, Daniel Vonder Mühll, Vanessa Wirz, and Jan Beutel
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 5061–5091, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-5061-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-5061-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This paper documents a monitoring network of 54 positions, located on different periglacial landforms in the Swiss Alps: rock glaciers, landslides, and steep rock walls. The data serve basic research but also decision-making and mitigation of natural hazards. It is the largest dataset of its kind, comprising over 209 000 daily positions and additional weather data.
Xiaoli Chang, Huijun Jin, Ruixia He, Yanlin Zhang, Xiaoying Li, Xiaoying Jin, and Guoyu Li
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 3947–3959, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-3947-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-3947-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Based on 10-year observations of ground temperatures in seven deep boreholes in Gen’he, Mangui, and Yituli’he, a wide range of mean annual ground temperatures at the depth of 20 m (−2.83 to −0.49 ℃) and that of annual maximum thawing depth (about 1.1 to 7.0 m) have been revealed. This study demonstrates that most trajectories of permafrost changes in Northeast China are ground warming and permafrost degradation, except that the shallow permafrost is cooling in Yituli’he.
Alice C. Frémand, Julien A. Bodart, Tom A. Jordan, Fausto Ferraccioli, Carl Robinson, Hugh F. J. Corr, Helen J. Peat, Robert G. Bingham, and David G. Vaughan
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 3379–3410, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-3379-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-3379-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents the release of large swaths of airborne geophysical data (including gravity, magnetics, and radar) acquired between 1994 and 2020 over Antarctica by the British Antarctic Survey. These include a total of 64 datasets from 24 different surveys, amounting to >30 % of coverage over the Antarctic Ice Sheet. This paper discusses how these data were acquired and processed and presents the methods used to standardize and publish the data in an interactive and reproducible manner.
Cited articles
Albini, P., Locati, M., Rovida, A., and Stucchi, M.: European Archive of Historical EArthquake Data (AHEAD), Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV) [data set], https://doi.org/10.6092/ingv.it-ahead, 2013.
Albini, P., Musson, R. M. W., Rovida, A., Locati, M., Gomez Capera, A. A., and Viganò, D.: The Global Earthquake History, Earthq. Spectra, 30, 1–18, https://doi.org/10.1193/122013EQS297, 2014.
ASMI web portal: https://emidius.mi.ingv.it/ASMI/, last access: 26 June 2025.
Azzaro, R. and D'Amico, S.: Catalogo Macrosismico dei Terremoti Etnei (CMTE) Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV) [data set], https://doi.org/10.13127/cmte, 2019.
Bahim, C., Casorrán-Amilburu, C., Dekkers, M., Herczog, E., Loozen, N., Repanas, K., Russell, K., and Stall, S.: The FAIR Data Maturity Model: An Approach to Harmonise FAIR Assessments, Data Science Journal, 19, 41, https://doi.org/10.5334/dsj-2020-041, 2020.
Bailo, D., Jeffery, K. G., Atakan, K., Trani, L., Paciello, R., Vinciarelli, V., Michalek, J., and Spinuso, A.: Data integration and FAIR data management in Solid Earth Science, Ann. Geophys., 65, DM210, https://doi.org/10.4401/ag-8742, 2022.
Bailo, D., Paciello, R., Michalek, J., Cocco, M, Freda, C., Jeffery, K., and Atakan, K.: The EPOS multi-disciplinary Data Portal for integrated access to solid Earth science datasets, Sci. Data, 10, 784, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02697-9, 2023a.
Bailo, D., Paciello, R., Vinciarelli, V., Orfino, A., Jeffery, K. G., Michalek, J., and Goffi, C.: Integrated Access to Multidisciplinary Data Through Semantically Interoperable Services in a Metadata-Driven Platform for Solid Earth Science, in: ommunications in Computer and Information Science, edited by: Garoufallou, E. and Vlachidis, A., Metadata and Semantic Research, MTSR 2022, C vol. 1789, Springer, Cham., https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-39141-5_20, 2023b.
Baratta, M.: I terremoti d'Italia; saggio di storia geografia e bibliografia sismica italiana, Torino, 950 pp., 1901.
Boschi, E., Ferrari, G., Gasperini, P., Guidoboni, E., Smriglio G., and Valensise, G.: Catalogo dei forti terremoti in Italia dal 461 a.C. al 1980, ING-SGA, Bologna, 970 pp., ISBN 88-85213-07-3, 1995.
Boschi, E., Guidoboni, E., Ferrari, G., Valensise, G., and Gasperini, P.: Catalogo dei forti terremoti in Italia dal 461 a.C. al 1990, vol. 2, ING-SGA, Bologna, 644 pp., ISBN 88-85213-08-1, 1997.
BRGM-EDF-IRSN/SisFrance: Sismicité historique de la France métropolitaine, https://www.sisfrance.net/, last access: 30 January 2025.
Camassi, R. and Stucchi, M.: NT4.1: un catalogo parametrico di terremoti di area italiana al di sopra della soglia di danno (versione 4.1.1), Milano, 93 pp., 1997.
Chiaraluce, L., Festa, G., Bernard, P., Caracausi, A., Carluccio, I., Clinton, J., Di Stefano, R., Elia, L., Evangelidis, C., Ergintav, S., Jianu, O., Kaviris, G., Marmureanu, A., Sebela, S., and Sokos, E.: The Near Fault Observatory community in Europe: a new resource for faulting and hazard studies, Ann. Geophys., 65, DM316, https://doi.org/10.4401/ag-8778, 2022.
CPTI Working Group: Catalogo Parametrico dei Terremoti Italiani, ING, GNDT, SGA, SSN, Bologna, 92 pp., https://doi.org/10.6092/INGV.IT-CPTI99, 1999.
CPTI Working Group: Catalogo Parametrico dei Terremoti Italiani, versione 2004 (CPTI04), Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV), Bologna, https://doi.org/10.6092/INGV.IT-CPTI04, 2004.
D'Amico, M. C., Felicetta, C., Russo, E., Sgobba, S., Lanzano, G., Pacor, F., and Luzi, L.: The new ITalian ACcelerometric Archive ITACA: database, web-services, and tools to access and analyze earthquakes waveforms, Rapporti Tecnici INGV, 43 pp., https://doi.org/10.13127/RPT/429, 2021.
Devaraju, A. and Huber, R.: F-UJI – An Automated FAIR Data Assessment Tool, Zenodo [code], https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6361400, 2020.
DISS Working Group: Database of Individual Seismogenic Sources (DISS), version 3.3.0: A compilation of potential sources for earthquakes larger than M 5.5 in Italy and surrounding areas, Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV) [data set], https://doi.org/10.13127/diss3.3.0, 2021.
EPOS Data Portal: https://www.ics-c.epos-eu.org/, last access: 26 June 2025.
European Facilities for Earthquake Hazard and Risk: EFEHR, http://www.efehr.org/, last access: 26 June 2025.
European-Mediterranean Seismological Centre, EMSC, https://www.emsc.eu/, last access: 26 June 2025.
FAIR Data Maturity Model Working Group: FAIR Data Maturity Model. Specification and Guidelines. Research Data Alliance, Zenodo, https://doi.org/10.15497/rda00050, 2020.
FAIRsharing.org: ASMI: Italian Archive of Historical Earthquake Data, Last Edited: Thursday, February 27th 2025, 13:22, FAIRsharing.org [data set], https://doi.org/10.25504/FAIRsharing.78e99f, 2025.
Fäh, D., Giardini, D., Kästli, P., Deichmann, N., Gisler, M., Schwarz-Zanetti, G., Alvarez-Rubio, S., Sellami, S., Edwards, B., Allmann, B., Bethmann, F., Wössner, J., Gassner-Stamm, G., Fritsche, S., and Eberhard, D.: ECOS-09 Earthquake catalogue of Switzerland release 2011 report and database, Public catalogue 17.4.2011, Swiss Seismological Service ETH, Zürich, Report SED/ECOS/R/001/20110417, http://www.seismo.ethz.ch/export/sites/sedsite/knowledge/.galleries/pdf_knowledge/SUIhaz2015_final-report_16072016_2.pdf_2063069299.pdf (last access: 26 June 2025), 2011.
Felicetta, C., Russo, E., D'Amico, M. C., Sgobba, S., Lanzano, G., Mascandola, C., Pacor, F., and Luzi, L.: ITalian ACcelerometric Archive (ITACA), version 4.0, Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV) [data set], https://doi.org/10.13127/itaca.4.0, 2023.
Gasperini, P., Bernardini, F., Valensise, G., and Boschi, E.: Defining seismogenic sources from historical felt reports, B. Seismol. Soc. Am., 89, 94–110, https://doi.org/10.1785/BSSA0890010094, 1999.
Gasperini, P., Vannucci, G., Tripone, D., and Boschi, E.: The Location and Sizing of Historical Earthquakes Using the Attenuation of Macroseismic Intensity with Distance. B. Seismol. Soc. Am., 100, 2035–2066, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120090330, 2010.
GeoServer: https://geoserver.org/, last access: 10 October 2024.
GFZ German Research Centre For Geosciences, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Germany Karlsruhe Institute Of Technology (KIT), Purdue University Libraries, Bertelmann, R., Buys, M., Cousijn, H., Dierolf, U., Elger, K., Fenner, M., Ferguson, L. M., Fritze, F., Fuchs, C., Goebelbecker, H.-J., Gundlach, J., Kindling, M., Kloska, G., Klump, J., Kramer, C., et al.: Registry of Research Data Repositories, DataCite, https://doi.org/10.17616/R3D, 2013.
Guidoboni, E., Ferrari, G., Mariotti, D., Comastri, A., Tarabusi, G., Sgattoni, G., and Valensise, G.: CFTI5Med, Catalogo dei Forti Terremoti in Italia (461 a.C.–1997) e nell'area Mediterranea (760 a.C.–1500), version 5, Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV) [data set], https://doi.org/10.6092/ingv.it-cfti5, 2018.
Guidoboni, E., Ferrari, G., Tarabusi, G., Sgattoni, G., Comastri, A., Mariotti, D., Ciuccarelli, C., Bianchi, M. G., and Valensise, G.: CFTI5Med, the new release of the catalogue of strong earthquakes in Italy and in the Mediterranean area, Sci. Data, 6, 80, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-019-0091-9, 2019.
Haslinger, F., Basili, R., Bossu, R., Cauzzi, C., Cotton, F., Crowley, H., Custodio, S., Danciu, L., Locati, M., Michelini, A., Molinari, I., Ottemöller, L., and Parolai, S.: Coordinated and Interoperable Seismological Data and Product Services in Europe: the EPOS Thematic Core Service for Seismology, Ann. Geophys., 65, DM213, https://doi.org/10.4401/ag-8767, 2022.
INGV Data Management Office: INGV Open Data Registry, the metadata catalogue of the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia. Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV) [data set], https://doi.org/10.13127/data-registry, 2020.
International Federation of Digital Seismograph Networks: FDSN, http://www.fdsn.org/webservices/, last access: 26 June 2025.
Jomard, H., Scotti, O., Auclair, S., Dominique, P., Manchuel, K., and Sicilia, D.: The SISFRANCE database of historical seismicity. State of the art and perspectives, CR Geosci., 353, 257–280, https://doi.org/10.5802/crgeos.91, 2021.
Locati, M.: Describing non-instrumental seismological data in QuakeML: the need for a macroseismic extension, Second European Conference on Earthquake Engineering and Seismology (2ECEES), Istanbul (Turkey), 24–29 August 2014, http://hdl.handle.net/2122/11271 (last access: 26 June 2025), 2014.
Locati, M. and Cassera, A.: MIDOP, Macroseismic Intensity Data Online Publisher, Rapporti Tecnici INGV, 123, 92 pp., http://hdl.handle.net/2122/6669 (last access: 26 June 2025), 2010.
Locati, M., Rovida, A., Albini, P., and Stucchi, M.: The AHEAD Portal: A Gateway to European Historical Earthquake Data, Seismol. Res. Lett., 85, 727–734, https://doi.org/10.1785/0220130113, 2014.
Locati, M., Gomez Capera, A. A., Puglia, R., and Santulin, M.: Rosetta, a tool for linking accelerometric recordings and macroseismic observations: description and applications, B. Earthq. Eng., 15, 2429–2443, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-016-9955-y, 2016.
Locati, M., Vallone, R., Ghetta, M., and Dawson, N.: QQuake, a QGIS Plugin for Loading Seismological Data From Web Services, Front. Earth Sci., 9, 614663, https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2021.614663, 2021.
Locati, M., Camassi, R., Rovida, A., Ercolani, E., Bernardini, F., Castelli, V., Caracciolo, C. H., Tertulliani, A., Rossi, A., Azzaro, R., D'Amico, S., and Antonucci, A.: Italian Macroseismic Database (DBMI15), version 4.0, Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV) [data set], https://doi.org/10.13127/dbmi/dbmi15.4, 2022.
Manchuel, K., Traversa, P., Baumont, D., Cara, M., Nayman, E., and Durouchoux, C.: The French seismic CATalogue (FCAT-17), B. Earthq. Eng., 16, 2227–2251, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-017-0236-1, 2018.
Maramai, A., Brizuela, B., and Graziani, L.: The euro-mediterranean tsunami catalogue, Ann. Geophys., 57, S0435, https://doi.org/10.4401/ag-6437, 2014.
Maramai, A., Graziani, L., and Brizuela, B.: Euro-Mediterranean Tsunami Catalogue (EMTC), version 2.0, Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV) [data set], https://doi.org/10.13127/tsunami/emtc.2.0, 2019.
Maramai, A., Graziani, L., and Brizuela, B.: Italian Tsunami Effects Database (ITED): The First Database of Tsunami Effects Observed Along the Italian Coasts, Front. Earth Sci., 9, 596044, https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2021.596044, 2021.
Michelini, A., Faenza, L., Lanzano, G., Lauciani, V., Jozinović, D., Puglia, R., and Luzi, L.: The new ShakeMap in Italy: Progress and advances in the last 10 yr, Seismol. Res. Lett., 91, 317–333, https://doi.org/10.1785/0220190130, 2020.
Monachesi, G. and Stucchi, M.: DOM4.1, un database di osservazioni macrosismiche di terremoti di area italiana al di sopra della soglia del danno, GNDT, Internal report, Milano-Macerata, 1997.
Nannipieri, L., Cacciaguerra, S., Mirenna, S., Locati, M., Marletta, M., and Gucciardi, E.: Making Linked Data more reliable with a failover server system: a case study with seismological data at INGV, Ann. Geophys., 62, DM567, https://doi.org/10.4401/ag-8050, 2019.
NGINX: https://nginx.org/, last access: 26 June 2025.
Observatories & Research Facilities for European Seismology: ORFEUS, https://www.orfeus-eu.org/, last access: 26 June 2025.
Open Geospatial Consortium: OGC, https://www.ogc.org/, last access: 26 June 2025.
Oliveti, I., Faenza, L., Antonucci, A., Locati, M., Rovida, A., Michelini, A., and Lauciani, V.: ShakeMap Atlas of historical earthquakes in Italy, Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV) [data set], https://doi.org/10.13127/shakemaps/historical, 2023a.
Oliveti, I., Faenza, L., Antonucci, A., Locati, M., Rovida, A., and Michelini, A.: The ShakeMap Atlas of Historical Earthquakes in Italy: Configuration and Validation, Seismol. Res. Lett., 95, 21–37, https://doi.org/10.1785/0220230138, 2023b.
Osservatorio Nazionale dei Terremoti: ONT, https://terremoti.ingv.it/, last access: 26 June 2025.
Postpischl, D.: Catalogo dei terremoti italiani dall'anno 1000 al 1980, Quaderni della Ricerca Scientifica, 114, 2B, Bologna, 239 pp., 1985a.
Postpischl, D. (Ed.): Atlas of isoseismal maps of Italian earthquakes. Quaderni della Ricerca Scientifica, 114, 2A, Roma, 164 pp., 1985b.
QUEST, Quick Earthquake Survey Team: Database Macrosismico Fotografico (DFM), Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV) [data set], https://doi.org/10.13127/dfm, 2022.
re3data.org: Archivio Storico Macrosismico Italiano; editing status 2024-07-14; re3data.org – Registry of Research Data Repositories [data set], https://doi.org/10.17616/R31NJNLH, 2025.
Rovida, A. and Antonucci, A.: EPICA – European PreInstrumental Earthquake CAtalogue, version 1.1, Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV) [data set], https://doi.org/10.13127/epica.1.1, 2021.
Rovida, A. and Locati, M.: Archive of Historical Earthquake Data for the European-Mediterranean Area, in: Perspectives on European Earthquake Engineering and Seismology, Geot. Geol. Earthquake, 359–369, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16964-4_14, 2015.
Rovida, A., Locati, M., Antonucci, A., and Camassi, R.: Archivio Storico Macrosismico Italiano (ASMI), Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV) [data set], https://doi.org/10.13127/asmi, 2017.
Rovida, A., Locati, M., Camassi, R., Lolli, B., and Gasperini, P.: The Italian earthquake catalogue CPTI15, B. Earthq. Eng., 18, 2953–2984, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-020-00818-y, 2020a.
Rovida, A., Albini, P., Locati, M., and Antonucci, A.: Insights into Preinstrumental Earthquake Data and Catalogs in Europe. Seismol. Res. Lett., 91, 2546–2553, https://doi.org/10.1785/0220200058, 2020b.
Rovida, A., Locati, M., Camassi, R., Lolli, B., Gasperini, P. and Antonucci, A.: Italian Parametric Earthquake Catalogue (CPTI15), version 4.0, Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV) [data set], https://doi.org/10.13127/cpti/cpti15.4, 2022a.
Rovida, A., Antonucci, A., and Locati, M.: The European Preinstrumental Earthquake Catalogue EPICA, the 1000–1899 catalogue for the European Seismic Hazard Model 2020, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 5213–5231, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-5213-2022, 2022b.
Sansone, S.-A., McQuilton, P., Rocca-Serra, P., Gonzalez-Beltran, A., Izzo, M., Lister, A. L., and Thurston, M.: the FAIRsharing Community. FAIRsharing as a community approach to standards, repositories and policies, Nat. Biotechnol., 37, 358–367, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41587-019-0080-8, 2019.
Schorlemmer, D., Euchner, F., Kästli, P., and Saul, J.: QuakeML: status of the XML-based seismological data exchange format, Ann. Geophys., 54, 59–65, https://doi.org/10.4401/ag-4874, 2011.
Stucchi, M., Camassi, R., Rovida, A., Locati, M., Ercolani, E., Melett, I. C., Migliavacca, P., Bernardini, F., and Azzaro, R.: DBMI04, il database delle osservazioni macrosismiche dei terremoti italiani utilizzate per la compilazione del catalogo parametrico CPTI04, Quaderni di Geofisica, 49, INGV, Roma, 38 pp., https://doi.org/10.6092/INGV.IT-DBMI04, 2007.
Wilkinson, M., Dumontier, M., Aalbersberg, I., Appleton, G., Axton, M., Baak, A., Blomberg N., Boiten, J.-W., da Silva Santos, L. B., Bourne, P. E., Bouwman, J., Brookes, A. J., Clark, T., Crosas, M., Dillo, I., Dumon, O., Edmunds, S., Evelo, C. T., Finkers, R., Gonzalez-Beltran, A., Gray, A. J. G., Groth, P., Goble, C., Grethe, J. S., Heringa, J., ’t Hoen, P. A. C., Hooft, R., Kuhn, T., Kok, R., Kok, J., Lusher, S. J., Martone, M. E., Mons, A., Packer, A. L., Persson, B., Rocca-Serra, P., Roos, M., van Schaik, R., Sansone, S.-A., Schultes, E., Sengstag, T., Slater, T., Strawn, G., Swertz, M. A., Thompson, M., van der Lei, J., van Mulligen, E., Velterop, J., Waagmeester, A., Wittenburg, P., Wolstencroft, K., Zhao, J., and Mons, B.: The FAIR Guiding Principles for scientific data management and stewardship, Sci. Data, 3, 160018, https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2016.18, 2016.
Worden, C. B., Thompson, E. M., Hearne, M., and Wald, D. J.: ShakeMap manual online: Technical manual, user's guide, and software guide, U. S. Geol. Surv., http://cbworden.github.io/shakemap (last access: 10 October 2024), 2020.
Short summary
ASMI, the Italian Archive of Historical Earthquake Data, is an online data collection that currently provides seismological data on earthquakes that occurred in and around Italy from from 461 BCE to 2025 CE. Based on more than 450 data sources, ASMI's web portal distributes earthquake parameters and macroseismic intensity data, along with the bibliographical reference of the data source and – if possible – the data source itself, through queries by both earthquake and data source.
ASMI, the Italian Archive of Historical Earthquake Data, is an online data collection that...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint