Articles | Volume 14, issue 5
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 2487–2500, 2022
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-2487-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 2487–2500, 2022
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-2487-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Data description paper
01 Jun 2022
Data description paper
| 01 Jun 2022
A decade of glaciological and meteorological observations in the Arctic (Werenskioldbreen, Svalbard)
Dariusz Ignatiuk et al.
Related authors
Léo Decaux, Mariusz Grabiec, Dariusz Ignatiuk, and Jacek Jania
The Cryosphere, 13, 735–752, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-735-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-735-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Due to the fast melting of glaciers around the world, it is important to characterize the evolution of the meltwater circulation beneath them as it highly impacts their velocity. By using very
high-resolution satellite images and field measurements, we modelized it for two Svalbard glaciers. We determined that for most of Svalbard glaciers it is crucial to include their surface morphology to obtain a reliable model, which is not currently done. Having good models is key to predicting our future.
Iwo Wieczorek, Mateusz Czesław Strzelecki, Łukasz Stachnik, Jacob Clement Yde, and Jakub Małecki
The Cryosphere Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-2021-364, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-2021-364, 2022
Manuscript not accepted for further review
Short summary
Short summary
Glacial lakes development around the World has been observed since the end of the Little Ice Age. The whole process is especially rapid in Arctic region what shows last researches. One of the last regions which still has not been covered by data about changes of glacial lakes is the Svalbard Archipelago (Norway). We used remote sensing materials and methods to provide information's about changes of glacial lakes and to show major activity of glacial lakes outburst floods.
Outi Meinander, Pavla Dagsson-Waldhauserova, Pavel Amosov, Elena Aseyeva, Cliff Atkins, Alexander Baklanov, Clarissa Baldo, Sarah Barr, Barbara Barzycka, Liane Benning, Bojan Cvetkovic, Polina Enchilik, Denis Frolov, Santiago Gassó, Konrad Kandler, Nikolay Kasimov, Jan Kavan, James King, Tatyana Koroleva, Viktoria Krupskaya, Monika Kusiak, Michał Laska, Jerome Lasne, Marek Lewandowski, Bartłomiej Luks, James McQuaid, Beatrice Moroni, Benjamin Murray, Ottmar Möhler, Adam Nawrot, Slobodan Nickovic, Norman O’Neill, Goran Pejanovic, Olga Popovicheva, Keyvan Ranjbar, Manolis Romanias, Olga Samonova, Alberto Sanchez-Marroquin, Kerstin Schepanski, Ivan Semenkov, Anna Sharapova, Elena Shevnina, Zongbo Shi, Mikhail Sofiev, Frédéric Thevenet, Throstur Thorsteinsson, Mikhail Timofeev, Nsikanabasi Silas Umo, Andreas Uppstu, Darya Urupina, György Varga, Tomasz Werner, Olafur Arnalds, and Ana Vukovic Vimic
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2021-963, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2021-963, 2021
Revised manuscript accepted for ACP
Short summary
Short summary
High latitude dust (HLD) is a short-lived climate forcer, air pollutant and nutrient source. We identified 64 new high latitude dust sources and their observations and source characteristics. Our update provides crucially needed information on the extent of active HLD sources and their locations. Active HLD sources serve as important sources of aerosols with both direct and indirect impacts on climate and environment in remote regions, which are often poorly understood and predicted.
Léo Decaux, Mariusz Grabiec, Dariusz Ignatiuk, and Jacek Jania
The Cryosphere, 13, 735–752, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-735-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-735-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Due to the fast melting of glaciers around the world, it is important to characterize the evolution of the meltwater circulation beneath them as it highly impacts their velocity. By using very
high-resolution satellite images and field measurements, we modelized it for two Svalbard glaciers. We determined that for most of Svalbard glaciers it is crucial to include their surface morphology to obtain a reliable model, which is not currently done. Having good models is key to predicting our future.
Johannes Jakob Fürst, Fabien Gillet-Chaulet, Toby J. Benham, Julian A. Dowdeswell, Mariusz Grabiec, Francisco Navarro, Rickard Pettersson, Geir Moholdt, Christopher Nuth, Björn Sass, Kjetil Aas, Xavier Fettweis, Charlotte Lang, Thorsten Seehaus, and Matthias Braun
The Cryosphere, 11, 2003–2032, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-11-2003-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-11-2003-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
For the large majority of glaciers and ice caps, there is no information on the thickness of the ice cover. Any attempt to predict glacier demise under climatic warming and to estimate the future contribution to sea-level rise is limited as long as the glacier thickness is not well constrained. Here, we present a two-step mass-conservation approach for mapping ice thickness. Measurements are naturally reproduced. The reliability is readily assessible from a complementary map of error estimates.
Related subject area
Glaciology
A comprehensive dataset of microbial abundance, dissolved organic carbon, and nitrogen in Tibetan Plateau glaciers
The Greenland Firn Compaction Verification and Reconnaissance (FirnCover) dataset, 2013–2019
Black carbon and organic carbon dataset over the Third Pole
A high-resolution Antarctic grounding zone product from ICESat-2 laser altimetry
An inventory of supraglacial lakes and channels across the West Antarctic Ice Sheet
Greenland ice sheet mass balance from 1840 through next week
Elevation Change of the Antarctic Ice Sheet: 1985 to 2020
Global time series and temporal mosaics of glacier surface velocities derived from Sentinel-1 data
GIS dataset: geomorphological record of terrestrial-terminating ice streams, southern sector of the Baltic Ice Stream Complex, last Scandinavian Ice Sheet, Poland
A 15-year circum-Antarctic iceberg calving dataset derived from continuous satellite observations
Active rock glaciers of the contiguous United States: geographic information system inventory and spatial distribution patterns
Mass balances of Yala and Rikha Samba glaciers, Nepal, from 2000 to 2017
Programme for Monitoring of the Greenland Ice Sheet (PROMICE) automatic weather station data
Greenland ice velocity maps from the PROMICE project
The AntSMB dataset: a comprehensive compilation of surface mass balance field observations over the Antarctic Ice Sheet
Glacier changes in the Chhombo Chhu Watershed of the Tista basin between 1975 and 2018, the Sikkim Himalaya, India
Hydrometeorological, glaciological and geospatial research data from the Peyto Glacier Research Basin in the Canadian Rockies
Annual 30 m dataset for glacial lakes in High Mountain Asia from 2008 to 2017
More dynamic than expected: an updated survey of surging glaciers in the Pamir
Worldwide version-controlled database of glacier thickness observations
Greenland liquid water discharge from 1958 through 2019
Glacial lake inventory of high-mountain Asia in 1990 and 2018 derived from Landsat images
A deep learning reconstruction of mass balance series for all glaciers in the French Alps: 1967–2015
Glacier shrinkage in the Alps continues unabated as revealed by a new glacier inventory from Sentinel-2
Greenland Ice Sheet solid ice discharge from 1986 through March 2020
Temporal inventory of glaciers in the Suru sub-basin, western Himalaya: impacts of regional climate variability
Historical porosity data in polar firn
Sval_Imp: a gridded forcing dataset for climate change impact research on Svalbard
Glaciers and climate of the Upper Susitna basin, Alaska
Age stratigraphy in the East Antarctic Ice Sheet inferred from radio-echo sounding horizons
Greenland Ice Sheet solid ice discharge from 1986 through 2017
Long-term records of glacier surface velocities in the Ötztal Alps (Austria)
A high-resolution image time series of the Gorner Glacier – Swiss Alps – derived from repeated unmanned aerial vehicle surveys
Geology datasets in North America, Greenland and surrounding areas for use with ice sheet models
The SUMup dataset: compiled measurements of surface mass balance components over ice sheets and sea ice with analysis over Greenland
A consistent glacier inventory for Karakoram and Pamir derived from Landsat data: distribution of debris cover and mapping challenges
Subglacial topography, ice thickness, and bathymetry of Kongsfjorden, northwestern Svalbard
Historical glacier outlines from digitized topographic maps of the Swiss Alps
A new bed elevation model for the Weddell Sea sector of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet
Modulation of glacier ablation by tephra coverage from Eyjafjallajökull and Grímsvötn volcanoes, Iceland: an automated field experiment
Strong tidal variations in ice flow observed across the entire Ronne Ice Shelf and adjoining ice streams
A 14-year dataset of in situ glacier surface velocities for a tidewater and a land-terminating glacier in Livingston Island, Antarctica
A high-resolution synthetic bed elevation grid of the Antarctic continent
A complete glacier inventory of the Antarctic Peninsula based on Landsat 7 images from 2000 to 2002 and other preexisting data sets
Glaciological measurements and mass balances from Sperry Glacier, Montana, USA, years 2005–2015
A global, high-resolution data set of ice sheet topography, cavity geometry, and ocean bathymetry
Geomatic methods applied to the study of the front position changes of Johnsons and Hurd Glaciers, Livingston Island, Antarctica, between 1957 and 2013
Ice crystal c-axis orientation and mean grain size measurements from the Dome Summit South ice core, Law Dome, East Antarctica
Subglacial landforms beneath Rutford Ice Stream, Antarctica: detailed bed topography from ice-penetrating radar
Measurement of the fracture toughness of polycrystalline bubbly ice from an Antarctic ice core
Yongqin Liu, Pengcheng Fang, Bixi Guo, Mukan Ji, Pengfei Liu, Guannan Mao, Baiqing Xu, Shichang Kang, and Junzhi Liu
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 2303–2314, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-2303-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-2303-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Glaciers are an important pool of microorganisms, organic carbon, and nitrogen. This study constructed the first dataset of microbial abundance and total nitrogen in Tibetan Plateau (TP) glaciers and the first dataset of dissolved organic carbon in ice cores on the TP. These new data could provide valuable information for research on the glacier carbon and nitrogen cycle and help in assessing the potential impacts of glacier retreat due to global warming on downstream ecosystems.
Michael J. MacFerrin, C. Max Stevens, Baptiste Vandecrux, Edwin D. Waddington, and Waleed Abdalati
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 955–971, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-955-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-955-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The vast majority of the Greenland ice sheet's surface is covered by pluriannual snow, also called firn, that accumulates year after year and is compressed into glacial ice. The thickness of the firn layer changes through time and responds to the surface climate. We present continuous measurement of the firn compaction at various depths for eight sites. The dataset will help to evaluate firn models, interpret ice cores, and convert remotely sensed ice sheet surface height change to mass loss.
Shichang Kang, Yulan Zhang, Pengfei Chen, Junming Guo, Qianggong Zhang, Zhiyuan Cong, Susan Kaspari, Lekhendra Tripathee, Tanguang Gao, Hewen Niu, Xinyue Zhong, Xintong Chen, Zhaofu Hu, Xiaofei Li, Yang Li, Bigyan Neupane, Fangping Yan, Dipesh Rupakheti, Chaman Gul, Wei Zhang, Guangming Wu, Ling Yang, Zhaoqing Wang, and Chaoliu Li
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 683–707, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-683-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-683-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The Tibetan Plateau is important to the Earth’s climate. However, systematically observed data here are scarce. To perform more integrated and in-depth investigations of the origins and distributions of atmospheric pollutants and their impacts on cryospheric change, systematic data of black carbon and organic carbon from the atmosphere, glaciers, snow cover, precipitation, and lake sediment cores over the plateau based on the Atmospheric Pollution and Cryospheric Change program are provided.
Tian Li, Geoffrey J. Dawson, Stephen J. Chuter, and Jonathan L. Bamber
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 535–557, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-535-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-535-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Accurate knowledge of the Antarctic grounding zone is important for mass balance calculation, ice sheet stability assessment, and ice sheet model projections. Here we present the first ICESat-2-derived high-resolution grounding zone product of the Antarctic Ice Sheet, including three important boundaries. This new data product will provide more comprehensive insights into ice sheet instability, which is valuable for both the cryosphere and sea level science communities.
Diarmuid Corr, Amber Leeson, Malcolm McMillan, Ce Zhang, and Thomas Barnes
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 209–228, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-209-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-209-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We identify 119 km2 of meltwater area over West Antarctica in January 2017. In combination with Stokes et al., 2019, this forms the first continent-wide assessment helping to quantify the mass balance of Antarctica and its contribution to global sea level rise. We apply thresholds for meltwater classification to satellite images, mapping the extent and manually post-processing to remove false positives. Our study provides a high-fidelity dataset to train and validate machine learning methods.
Kenneth D. Mankoff, Xavier Fettweis, Peter L. Langen, Martin Stendel, Kristian K. Kjeldsen, Nanna B. Karlsson, Brice Noël, Michiel R. van den Broeke, Anne Solgaard, William Colgan, Jason E. Box, Sebastian B. Simonsen, Michalea D. King, Andreas P. Ahlstrøm, Signe Bech Andersen, and Robert S. Fausto
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 5001–5025, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-5001-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-5001-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We estimate the daily mass balance and its components (surface, marine, and basal mass balance) for the Greenland ice sheet. Our time series begins in 1840 and has annual resolution through 1985 and then daily from 1986 through next week. Results are operational (updated daily) and provided for the entire ice sheet or by commonly used regions or sectors. This is the first input–output mass balance estimate to include the basal mass balance.
Johan Nilsson, Alex Gardner, and Fernando Paolo
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2021-287, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2021-287, 2021
Revised manuscript accepted for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
The longest observational record available to study the mass balance of the Earth’s ice sheets comes from satellite altimeters. This record consists of multiple satellite missions with different measurements and quality, and must be cross-calibrated and integrated into a consistent record for scientific use. Here, we present a novel approach for generating such a record providing a seamless record of elevation change for the Antarctic Ice Sheet that spans the period 1985 to 2020.
Peter Friedl, Thorsten Seehaus, and Matthias Braun
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 4653–4675, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-4653-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-4653-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Consistent and continuous data on glacier surface velocity are important inputs to time series analyses, numerical ice dynamic modeling and glacier mass flux computations. We present a new data set of glacier surface velocities derived from Sentinel-1 radar satellite data that covers 12 major glaciated regions outside the polar ice sheets. The data comprise continuously updated scene-pair velocity fields, as well as monthly and annually averaged velocity mosaics at 200 m spatial resolution.
Izabela Szuman, Jakub Z. Kalita, Marek W. Ewertowski, Chris D. Clark, Stephen J. Livingstone, and Leszek Kasprzak
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 4635–4651, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-4635-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-4635-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The Baltic Ice Stream Complex was the most prominent ice stream of the last Scandinavian Ice Sheet, controlling ice sheet drainage and collapse. Our mapping effort, based on a lidar DEM, resulted in a dataset containing 5461 landforms over an area of 65 000 km2, which allows for reconstruction of the last Scandinavian Ice Sheet extent and dynamics from the Middle Weichselian ice sheet advance, 50–30 ka, through the Last Glacial Maximum, 25–21 ka, and Young Baltic advances, 18–15 ka.
Mengzhen Qi, Yan Liu, Jiping Liu, Xiao Cheng, Yijing Lin, Qiyang Feng, Qiang Shen, and Zhitong Yu
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 4583–4601, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-4583-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-4583-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
A total of 1975 annual calving events larger than 1 km2 were detected on the Antarctic ice shelves from August 2005 to August 2020. The average annual calved area was measured as 3549.1 km2, and the average calving rate was measured as 770.3 Gt yr-1. Iceberg calving is most prevalent in West Antarctica, followed by the Antarctic Peninsula and Wilkes Land in East Antarctica. This annual iceberg calving dataset provides consistent and precise calving observations with the longest time coverage.
Gunnar Johnson, Heejun Chang, and Andrew Fountain
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 3979–3994, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-3979-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-3979-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We present the Portland State University Active Rock Glacier Inventory (n = 10 343) for the contiguous United States, derived from manual classification of remote sensing imagery. This geospatial inventory will allow past rock glacier research findings to be spatially extrapolated, facilitating rock glacier research by identifying field study sites and serving as a valuable training set for the development of automated rock glacier identification methods applicable to other regional studies.
Dorothea Stumm, Sharad Prasad Joshi, Tika Ram Gurung, and Gunjan Silwal
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 3791–3818, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-3791-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-3791-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Glacier mass change data are valuable as a climate indicator and help to verify simulations of glaciological and hydrological processes. Data from the Himalaya are rare; hence, we established monitoring programmes on two glaciers in the Nepal Himalaya. We measured annual mass changes on Yala and Rikha Samba glaciers from 2011 to 2017 and calculated satellite-based mass changes from 2000 to 2012 for Yala Glacier. Both glaciers are shrinking, following the general trend in the Himalayas.
Robert S. Fausto, Dirk van As, Kenneth D. Mankoff, Baptiste Vandecrux, Michele Citterio, Andreas P. Ahlstrøm, Signe B. Andersen, William Colgan, Nanna B. Karlsson, Kristian K. Kjeldsen, Niels J. Korsgaard, Signe H. Larsen, Søren Nielsen, Allan Ø. Pedersen, Christopher L. Shields, Anne M. Solgaard, and Jason E. Box
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 3819–3845, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-3819-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-3819-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The Programme for Monitoring of the Greenland Ice Sheet (PROMICE) has been measuring climate and ice sheet properties since 2007. Here, we present our data product from weather and ice sheet measurements from a network of automatic weather stations mainly located in the melt area of the ice sheet. Currently the PROMICE automatic weather station network includes 25 instrumented sites in Greenland.
Anne Solgaard, Anders Kusk, John Peter Merryman Boncori, Jørgen Dall, Kenneth D. Mankoff, Andreas P. Ahlstrøm, Signe B. Andersen, Michele Citterio, Nanna B. Karlsson, Kristian K. Kjeldsen, Niels J. Korsgaard, Signe H. Larsen, and Robert S. Fausto
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 3491–3512, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-3491-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-3491-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The PROMICE Ice Velocity product is a time series of Greenland Ice Sheet ice velocity mosaics spanning September 2016 to present. It is derived from Sentinel-1 SAR data and has a spatial resolution of 500 m. Each mosaic spans 24 d (two Sentinel-1 cycles), and a new one is posted every 12 d (every Sentinel-1A cycle). The spatial comprehensiveness and temporal consistency make the product ideal for monitoring and studying ice-sheet-wide ice discharge and dynamics of glaciers.
Yetang Wang, Minghu Ding, Carleen H. Reijmer, Paul C. J. P. Smeets, Shugui Hou, and Cunde Xiao
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 3057–3074, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-3057-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-3057-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Accurate observation of surface mass balance (SMB) under climate change is essential for the reliable present and future assessment of Antarctic contribution to global sea level. This study presents a new quality-controlled dataset of Antarctic SMB observations at different temporal resolutions and is the first ice-sheet-scale compilation of multiple types of measurements. The dataset can be widely applied to climate model validation, remote sensing retrievals, and data assimilation.
Arindam Chowdhury, Milap Chand Sharma, Sunil Kumar De, and Manasi Debnath
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 2923–2944, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-2923-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-2923-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This is an integrated watershed-based study of glacier change across the Chhombo Chhu Watershed in the Sikkim Himalaya, 1975–2018. This glacier analysis comprised 74 glaciers with a total area of 44.8 ± 1.5 km2 including 64 debris-free glaciers with an area of 28.4 ± 1.1 km2 (63.4 % of total glacier area) in 2018. Mean glacier area of the watershed stands at 0.61 km2, with dominance of small-sized glaciers. Our mapping revealed that there has been a glacier area recession of 17.9 ± 1.7 km2.
Dhiraj Pradhananga, John W. Pomeroy, Caroline Aubry-Wake, D. Scott Munro, Joseph Shea, Michael N. Demuth, Nammy Hang Kirat, Brian Menounos, and Kriti Mukherjee
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 2875–2894, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-2875-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-2875-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents hydrological, meteorological, glaciological and geospatial data of Peyto Glacier Basin in the Canadian Rockies. They include high-resolution DEMs derived from air photos and lidar surveys and long-term hydrological and glaciological model forcing datasets derived from bias-corrected reanalysis products. These data are crucial for studying climate change and variability in the basin and understanding the hydrological responses of the basin to both glacier and climate change.
Fang Chen, Meimei Zhang, Huadong Guo, Simon Allen, Jeffrey S. Kargel, Umesh K. Haritashya, and C. Scott Watson
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 741–766, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-741-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-741-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We developed a 30 m dataset to characterize the annual coverage of glacial lakes in High Mountain Asia (HMA) from 2008 to 2017. Our results show that proglacial lakes are a main contributor to recent lake evolution in HMA, accounting for 62.87 % (56.67 km2) of the total area increase. Regional geographic variability of debris cover, together with trends in warming and precipitation over the past few decades, largely explains the current distribution of supra- and proglacial lake area.
Franz Goerlich, Tobias Bolch, and Frank Paul
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 3161–3176, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-3161-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-3161-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
This work indicates all glaciers in the Pamir that surged between 1988 and 2018 as revealed by different remote sensing data, mainly Landsat imagery. We found ~ 200 surging glaciers for the entire mountain range and detected the minimum and maximum extents of most of them. The smallest surging glacier is ~ 0.3 km2. This inventory is important for further research on the surging behaviour of glaciers and has to be considered when processing glacier changes (mass, area) of the region.
Ethan Welty, Michael Zemp, Francisco Navarro, Matthias Huss, Johannes J. Fürst, Isabelle Gärtner-Roer, Johannes Landmann, Horst Machguth, Kathrin Naegeli, Liss M. Andreassen, Daniel Farinotti, Huilin Li, and GlaThiDa Contributors
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 3039–3055, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-3039-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-3039-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Knowing the thickness of glacier ice is critical for predicting the rate of glacier loss and the myriad downstream impacts. To facilitate forecasts of future change, we have added 3 million measurements to our worldwide database of glacier thickness: 14 % of global glacier area is now within 1 km of a thickness measurement (up from 6 %). To make it easier to update and monitor the quality of our database, we have used automated tools to check and track changes to the data over time.
Kenneth D. Mankoff, Brice Noël, Xavier Fettweis, Andreas P. Ahlstrøm, William Colgan, Ken Kondo, Kirsty Langley, Shin Sugiyama, Dirk van As, and Robert S. Fausto
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 2811–2841, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-2811-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-2811-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
This work partitions regional climate model (RCM) runoff from the MAR and RACMO RCMs to hydrologic outlets at the ice margin and coast. Temporal resolution is daily from 1959 through 2019. Spatial grid is ~ 100 m, resolving individual streams. In addition to discharge at outlets, we also provide the streams, outlets, and basin geospatial data, as well as a script to query and access the geospatial or time series discharge data from the data files.
Xin Wang, Xiaoyu Guo, Chengde Yang, Qionghuan Liu, Junfeng Wei, Yong Zhang, Shiyin Liu, Yanlin Zhang, Zongli Jiang, and Zhiguang Tang
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 2169–2182, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-2169-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-2169-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The theoretical and methodological bases for all processing steps including glacial lake definition and classification and lake boundary delineation are discussed based on satellite remote sensing data and GIS techniques. The relative area errors of each lake in 2018 varied 1 %–79 % with average relative area errors of ±13.2 %. In high-mountain Asia, 30 121 glacial lakes with a total area of 2080.12 ± 2.28 km2 were catalogued in 2018 with a 15.2 % average rate of increase in area in 1990–2018.
Jordi Bolibar, Antoine Rabatel, Isabelle Gouttevin, and Clovis Galiez
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 1973–1983, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-1973-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-1973-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We present a dataset of annual glacier mass changes for all the 661 glaciers in the French Alps for the 1967–2015 period, reconstructed using deep learning (i.e. artificial intelligence). We estimate an average annual mass loss of –0.69 ± 0.21 m w.e., the highest being in the Chablais, Ubaye and Champsaur massifs and the lowest in the Mont Blanc, Oisans and Haute Tarentaise ranges. This dataset can be of interest to hydrology and ecology studies on glacierized catchments in the French Alps.
Frank Paul, Philipp Rastner, Roberto Sergio Azzoni, Guglielmina Diolaiuti, Davide Fugazza, Raymond Le Bris, Johanna Nemec, Antoine Rabatel, Mélanie Ramusovic, Gabriele Schwaizer, and Claudio Smiraglia
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 1805–1821, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-1805-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-1805-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We have used Sentinel-2 satellite data from 2015 and 2016 to create a new glacier inventory for the European Alps. Outlines from earlier national inventories were used to guide manual corrections (e.g. ice in shadow or under debris cover) of the automatically mapped clean ice. We mapped 4395 glaciers, covering 1806 km2, an area loss of about 14 % (or −1.2 % per year) compared to the last inventory of 2003. We conclude that glacier shrinkage in the Alps has continued unabated since the mid-1980s.
Kenneth D. Mankoff, Anne Solgaard, William Colgan, Andreas P. Ahlstrøm, Shfaqat Abbas Khan, and Robert S. Fausto
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 1367–1383, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-1367-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-1367-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We have produced an open and reproducible estimate of Greenland Ice Sheet solid ice discharge from 1986 to 2020. Our results show three modes at the the total ice sheet scale: steady discharge from 1986 through 2000, increasing discharge from 2000 through 2005, and steady discharge from 2005 through 2019. The behavior of individual sectors and glaciers is more complicated. This work was done to provide a 100 % reproducible estimate to help constrain mass balance and sea-level-rise estimates.
Aparna Shukla, Siddhi Garg, Manish Mehta, Vinit Kumar, and Uma Kant Shukla
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 1245–1265, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-1245-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-1245-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
This research presents an updated glacier inventory (2017) of the Suru sub-basin, western Himalaya, India, which is useful for glacier-modelling studies. Glaciers here occur in two major Himalayan ranges: the Ladakh Range and the Greater Himalayan Range (GHR). Temporal glacier changes (46 years) suggest an overall degenerating pattern and a transitional response between the Karakoram and GHR glaciers. Local climate variability and unique topography induce heterogeneity in glacier response.
Kévin Fourteau, Laurent Arnaud, Xavier Faïn, Patricia Martinerie, David M. Etheridge, Vladimir Lipenkov, and Jean-Marc Barnola
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 1171–1177, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-1171-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-1171-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Measurements of the porosity of three polar firns were conducted in the 1990s by Jean-Marc Barnola using the method of gas pycnometry. From these data, a parametrization of firn pore closure was produced and used in different published articles. However, the data have not been published in their own right yet. We have made the data publicly accessible on the PANGAEA database and here propose describing how they were obtained and used to produce the pore closure parametrization.
Thomas Vikhamar Schuler and Torbjørn Ims Østby
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 875–885, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-875-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-875-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Atmospheric variables needed to force terrestrial process models (permafrost, glacier mass balance, seasonal snow, surface energy balance) have been downscaled from the ERA-40 and ERA-Interim reanalyses using methodology described in the accompanying paper. The gridded dataset has a horizontal resolution of 1 km and covers the entire Svalbard archipelago. The data have a temporal resolution of 6 h and cover the entire ERA-40 period (1957–2002) and the ERA-Interim period (1979–2017).
Andrew Bliss, Regine Hock, Gabriel Wolken, Erin Whorton, Caroline Aubry-Wake, Juliana Braun, Alessio Gusmeroli, Will Harrison, Andrew Hoffman, Anna Liljedahl, and Jing Zhang
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 403–427, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-403-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-403-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Extensive field observations were conducted in the Upper Susitna basin in central Alaska in 2012–2014. This paper describes the weather, glacier mass balance, snow cover, and soils of the basin. We found that temperatures over the glacier are cooler than over land at the same elevation. The glaciers have been losing mass faster in recent years than in the 1980s. Measurements of glacier mass change with traditional methods closely matched radar measurements.
Anna Winter, Daniel Steinhage, Timothy T. Creyts, Thomas Kleiner, and Olaf Eisen
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 11, 1069–1081, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-1069-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-1069-2019, 2019
Kenneth D. Mankoff, William Colgan, Anne Solgaard, Nanna B. Karlsson, Andreas P. Ahlstrøm, Dirk van As, Jason E. Box, Shfaqat Abbas Khan, Kristian K. Kjeldsen, Jeremie Mouginot, and Robert S. Fausto
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 11, 769–786, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-769-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-769-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We have produced an open and reproducible estimate of Greenland Ice Sheet solid ice discharge from 1986 through 2017. Our results show three modes at the total ice-sheet scale: steady discharge from 1986 through 2000, increasing discharge from 2000 through 2005, and steady discharge from 2005 through 2017. The behavior of individual sectors and glaciers is more complicated. This work was done to provide a 100 % reproducible estimate to help constrain mass balance and sea-level rise estimates.
Martin Stocker-Waldhuber, Andrea Fischer, Kay Helfricht, and Michael Kuhn
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 11, 705–715, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-705-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-705-2019, 2019
Lionel Benoit, Aurelie Gourdon, Raphaël Vallat, Inigo Irarrazaval, Mathieu Gravey, Benjamin Lehmann, Günther Prasicek, Dominik Gräff, Frederic Herman, and Gregoire Mariethoz
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 11, 579–588, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-579-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-579-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
This dataset provides a collection of 10 cm resolution orthomosaics and digital elevation models of the Gornergletscher glacial system (Switzerland). Raw data have been acquired every 2 weeks by intensive UAV surveys and cover the summer 2017. A careful photogrammetric processing ensures the geometrical coherence of the whole dataset.
Evan J. Gowan, Lu Niu, Gregor Knorr, and Gerrit Lohmann
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 11, 375–391, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-375-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-375-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
The speed of ice sheet flow is largely controlled by the strength of the ice–bed interface. We present three datasets on the geological properties of regions in North America, Greenland and Iceland that were covered by Quaternary ice sheets. These include the grain size of glacial sediments, the continuity of sediment cover and bedrock geology. Simple ice modelling experiments show that altering the basal strength of the ice sheet on the basis of these datasets impacts ice thickness.
Lynn Montgomery, Lora Koenig, and Patrick Alexander
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 10, 1959–1985, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-1959-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-1959-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
The SUMup dataset is a standardized, expandable, community dataset of Arctic and Antarctic observations of surface mass balance components, including snow/firn density, snow accumulation on land ice, and snow depth on sea ice. The measurements in this dataset were compiled from field notes, papers, technical reports, and digital files. We use these observations to monitor change in the polar regions and evaluate model output as well as remote sensing measurements.
Nico Mölg, Tobias Bolch, Philipp Rastner, Tazio Strozzi, and Frank Paul
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 10, 1807–1827, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-1807-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-1807-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Knowledge about the size and location of glaciers is essential to understand impacts of climatic changes on the natural environment. Therefore, we have produced an inventory of all glaciers in some of the largest glacierized mountain regions worldwide. Many large glaciers are covered by a rock (debris) layer, which also changes their reaction to climatic changes. Thus, we have also mapped this debris layer for all glaciers. We have mapped almost 28000 glaciers covering ~35000 km2.
Katrin Lindbäck, Jack Kohler, Rickard Pettersson, Christopher Nuth, Kirsty Langley, Alexandra Messerli, Dorothée Vallot, Kenichi Matsuoka, and Ola Brandt
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 10, 1769–1781, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-1769-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-1769-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Tidewater glaciers terminate directly into the sea and the glacier fronts are important feeding areas for birds and marine mammals. Svalbard tidewater glaciers are retreating, which will affect fjord circulation and ecosystems when glacier fronts end on land. In this paper, we present digital maps of ice thickness and topography under five tidewater glaciers in Kongsfjorden, northwestern Svalbard, which will be useful in studies of future glacier changes in the area.
Daphné Freudiger, David Mennekes, Jan Seibert, and Markus Weiler
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 10, 805–814, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-805-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-805-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
To understand glacier changes in the Swiss Alps at the large scale, long-term datasets are needed. To fill the gap between the existing glacier inventories of the Swiss Alps between 1850 and 1973, we digitized glacier outlines from topographic historical maps of Switzerland for the time periods ca. 1900 and ca. 1935. We found that > 88 % of the digitized glacier area was plausible compared to four inventories. The presented dataset is therefore valuable information for long-term glacier studies.
Hafeez Jeofry, Neil Ross, Hugh F. J. Corr, Jilu Li, Mathieu Morlighem, Prasad Gogineni, and Martin J. Siegert
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 10, 711–725, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-711-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-711-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Accurately characterizing the complexities of the ice-sheet dynamic specifically close to the grounding line across the Weddell Sea (WS) sector in the ice-sheet models provides challenges to the scientific community. Our main objective is to comprehend these complexities, adding accuracy to the projection of future ice-sheet dynamics. Therefore, we have developed a new bed elevation digital elevation model across the WS sector, which will be of value to ice-sheet modelling experiments.
Rebecca Möller, Marco Möller, Peter A. Kukla, and Christoph Schneider
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 10, 53–60, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-53-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-53-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Deposits of volcanic tephra alter the energy balance at the surface of a glacier. The effects reach from intensified melt to complete insulation, mainly depending on tephra thickness. Data from a field experiment on Iceland reveal an additional minor dependency on tephra type and suggest a substantially different behavior of tephra-covered snowpacks than of tephra-covered glacier ice. The related 50-day dataset of hourly records can readily be used for model calibration and validation purposes.
Sebastian H. R. Rosier, G. Hilmar Gudmundsson, Matt A. King, Keith W. Nicholls, Keith Makinson, and Hugh F. J. Corr
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 9, 849–860, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-9-849-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-9-849-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Tides can affect the flow of ice at hourly to yearly timescales. In some cases the ice responds at a different frequency than is found in the tidal forcing; for example, on Rutford Ice Stream the strongest response is at a fortnightly period. A new compilation of GPS data across the Ronne Ice Shelf and adjoining ice streams shows that this fortnightly modulation in ice flow is found across the entire region. Measurements of this kind can provide insights into ice rheology and basal processes.
Francisco Machío, Ricardo Rodríguez-Cielos, Francisco Navarro, Javier Lapazaran, and Jaime Otero
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 9, 751–764, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-9-751-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-9-751-2017, 2017
Felicity S. Graham, Jason L. Roberts, Ben K. Galton-Fenzi, Duncan Young, Donald Blankenship, and Martin J. Siegert
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 9, 267–279, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-9-267-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-9-267-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Antarctic bed topography datasets are interpolated onto low-resolution grids because our observed topography data are sparsely sampled. This has implications for ice-sheet model simulations, especially in regions prone to instability, such as grounding lines, where detailed knowledge of the topography is required. Here, we constructed a high-resolution synthetic bed elevation dataset using observed covariance properties to assess the dependence of simulated ice-sheet dynamics on grid resolution.
Jacqueline Huber, Alison J. Cook, Frank Paul, and Michael Zemp
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 9, 115–131, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-9-115-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-9-115-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
A glacier inventory of the AP (63°–70° S), consisting of glacier outlines accompanied by glacier-specific parameters (i.e., elevation distribution, slope, aspect, thickness and volume), was achieved by digitally combining already-existing data sets. This resulted in 1589 glaciers, covering an area of 95 273 km2. These freely available data provide new insights into AP glaciers, their behavior in response to a changing climate and their corresponding contribution to sea level rise.
Adam M. Clark, Daniel B. Fagre, Erich H. Peitzsch, Blase A. Reardon, and Joel T. Harper
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 9, 47–61, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-9-47-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-9-47-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Most of the alpine glaciers in the world are shrinking. Because of the impact glaciers have on watershed hydrology, the US Geological Survey began a surface mass balance measurement program on Sperry Glacier in Glacier National Park, Montana, USA, in 2005. Between then and 2015 the USGS employed standard methods to estimate the mass changes across the surface of the glacier. During this 11-year period, Sperry Glacier had a cumulative mean mass balance loss of 4.37 m of water equivalent.
Janin Schaffer, Ralph Timmermann, Jan Erik Arndt, Steen Savstrup Kristensen, Christoph Mayer, Mathieu Morlighem, and Daniel Steinhage
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 8, 543–557, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-8-543-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-8-543-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
The RTopo-2 data set provides consistent maps of global ocean bathymetry and ice surface topographies for Greenland and Antarctica at 30 arcsec grid spacing. We corrected data from earlier products in the areas of Petermann, Hagen Bræ, and Helheim glaciers, incorporated original data for the floating ice tongue of Nioghalvfjerdsfjorden Glacier, and applied corrections for the geometry of Getz, Abbot, and Fimbul ice shelf cavities. The data set is available from the PANGAEA database.
Ricardo Rodríguez Cielos, Julián Aguirre de Mata, Andrés Díez Galilea, Marina Álvarez Alonso, Pedro Rodríguez Cielos, and Francisco Navarro Valero
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 8, 341–353, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-8-341-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-8-341-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
The study of glacier fronts combines different geomatics measurement techniques. It is practically impossible to realize, in the case of glacier fronts that end up in the sea (tide water glaciers). The images obtained from the front come from a non-metric digital camera. The result of observations obtained were applied to study the temporal evolution (1957–2014) of the position of the Johnsons glacier and the position of the Hurd glacier, near BAE Juan Carlos I in Livingston Island (Antarctica).
Adam Treverrow, Li Jun, and Tim H. Jacka
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 8, 253–263, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-8-253-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-8-253-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
We present ice crystallographic c-axis orientation and grain size data from the Dome Summit South (DSS) ice core drilled 4.7 km SSW of the summit of Law Dome, East Antarctica. These data are from 185 individual thin sections obtained between a depth of 117 m below the surface and the bottom of the DSS core at a depth of 1196 m. Observations of ice microstructures from polar ice cores play a vital role in the development and validation of ice flow relations for numerical ice sheet models.
Edward C. King, Hamish D. Pritchard, and Andrew M. Smith
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 8, 151–158, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-8-151-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-8-151-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Large, fast-moving glaciers create long, linear mounds of sediments covering large areas. Understanding how these features form has been hampered by a lack of data from the bed of modern-day ice sheets. We give a detailed view of the landscape beneath an Antarctic glacier called Rutford Ice Stream. We towed a radar system back and forth across the glacier to measure the ice thickness every few metres. This is the first place such a highly detailed view of the sub-ice landscape has been created.
J. Christmann, R. Müller, K. G. Webber, D. Isaia, F. H. Schader, S. Kipfstuhl, J. Freitag, and A. Humbert
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 7, 87–92, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-7-87-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-7-87-2015, 2015
Cited articles
Baranowski, S.: Naled ice in front of some Spitsbergen glaciers, J. Glaciol., 28, 211–214, https://doi.org/10.3189/S0022143000011928, 1982.
Błaszczyk, M., Jania, J. A., and Kolondra, L.: Fluctuations of tidewater
glaciers in Hornsund Fjord (Southern Svalbard) since the beginning of the
20th century, Polish Polar Res., 34, 327–352,
https://doi.org/10.2478/popore-2013-0024, 2013.
Błaszczyk, M., Ignatiuk, D., Grabiec, M., Kolondra, L., Laska, M., Decaux, L., Jania, J., Berthier, E., Luks, B., Barzycka, B., and Czapla, M.: Quality assessment and glaciological applications of digital elevation models derived from space-borne and aerial images over two tidewater glaciers of Southern Spitsbergen, Remote Sens., 11, 1121,
https://doi.org/10.3390/RS11091121, 2019.
Błaszczyk, M., Jania, J. A., Ciepły, M., Grabiec, M., Ignatiuk, D., Kolondra, L., Kruss, A., Luks, B., Moskalik, M., Pastusiak, T.,
Strzelewicz, A., Walczowski, W., and Wawrzyniak, T.: Factors controlling terminus position of Hansbreen, a tidewater glacier in Svalbard, J. Geophys. Res.-Earth Surf., 126, e2020JF005763, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JF005763, 2021.
Box, J. E., Colgan, W. T., Wouters, B., Burgess, D. O., O'Neel, S., Thomson,
L. I., and Mernild, S. H.: Global sea-level contribution from Arctic land
ice: 1971 to 2017, Environ. Res. Lett., 13, 1–11,
https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/AAF2ED, 2019.
Braithwaite, R. J.: Positive degree-day factors for ablation on the
Greenland ice sheet studied by energy-balance modelling, J. Glaciol., 41,
153–160, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022143000017846, 1995.
Braithwaite, R. J. and Olesen, O. B.: Calculation of glacier ablation from
air temperature, West Greenland, in: Glacier fluctuations and climatic
change, edited by: Oerlemans, J., Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht,
219–233,
https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/publications/ calculation-of-glacier-ablation-from-air-temperature-west-greenland(5823a1a2-551e-4270-8d60-b5d23422ebdb)/export.html
(last access: 23 December 2021), 1989.
Christiansen, H. H., Gilbert, G. L., Neumann, U., Demidov, N., Guglielmin, M.,
Isaksen, K., Osuch, M., and Boike, J.: Ground ice content, drilling methods and
equipment and permafrost dynamics in Svalbard 2016–2019 (PermaSval), Zenodo,
https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.4294095, 2021.
Claremar, B., Obleitner, F., Reijmer, C., Pohjola, V., Waxegård, A., Karner, F., and Rutgersson, A.: Applying a mesoscale atmospheric model to Svalbard glaciers, Adv. Meteorol., 2012, 321649,
https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/321649, 2012.
Cogley, J. G., Hock, R., Rasmussen, L. A., Arendt, A. A., Bauder, A.,
Jansson, P., Braithwaite, R. J., Kaser, G., Möller, M., Nicholson, L.
and Zemp, M.: Glossary of glacier mass balance and related terms, IHP-VII
Te., UNESCO-IHP, Paris, https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000192525 (last access: 23 December 2021), 2011.
Decaux, L., Grabiec, M., Ignatiuk, D., and Jania, J.: Role of discrete water recharge from supraglacial drainage systems in modeling patterns of subglacial conduits in Svalbard glaciers, The Cryosphere, 13, 735–752, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-735-2019, 2019.
Førland, E. J., Isaksen, K., Lutz, J., Hanssen-Bauer, I., Schuler, T. V., Dobler, A., Gjelten, H. M., and Vikhamar-Schuler, D.: Measured and modeled historical precipitation trends for Svalbard, J. Hydrometeorol., 21, 1279–1296,
https://doi.org/10.1175/JHM-D-19-0252.1, 2020.
Gabbi, J., Carenzo, M., Pellicciotti, F., Bauder, A., and Funk, M.: A
comparison of empirical and physically based glacier surface melt models for
long-term simulations of glacier response, J. Glaciol., 60, 1140–1154,
https://doi.org/10.3189/2014JOG14J011, 2014.
Grabiec, M., Budzik, T., and Głowacki, P.: Modeling and hindcasting of the mass balance of Werenskioldbreen (Southern Svalbard), Arct. Antarct. Alp. Res., 44, 164–179, https://doi.org/10.1657/1938-4246-44.2.164, 2012.
Grabiec, M., Ignatiuk, D., Jania, J. A., Moskalik, M., Głowacki, P., Błaszczyk, M., Budzik, T., and Walczowski, W.: Coast formation in an Arctic
area due to glacier surge and retreat: The Hornbreen–Hambergbreen case from
Spistbergen, Earth Surf. Process. Landf., 43, 387–400,
https://doi.org/10.1002/ESP.4251, 2018.
Gwizdała, M., Jeleńska, M., and Łęczyński, L.: The magnetic
method as a tool to investigate the Werenskioldbreen environment (south-west
Spitsbergen, Arctic Norway), Polar Res., 37, 1–9,
https://doi.org/10.1080/17518369.2018.1436846, 2018.
Hagen, J., Dunse, T., Eiken, T., Kohler, J., Moholdt, G., Nuth, C., Schuler,
T., and Østby, T.: The mass balance of the Austfonna Ice Cap, Svalbard,
2004–2010, Geophys. Res. Abstr. 14, EGU2012-6085-1, 2012.
Hamed, K. H. and Rao, R.: A modified Mann-Kendall trend test for
autocorrelated data, J. Hydrol., 204, 182–196, 1998.
Hanssen-Bauer, I., Førland, E.J., Hisdal, H., Mayer, S., Sandø, A. B.,
and Sorteberg, A. (Eds.): Climate in Svalbard 2100 – a knowledge base for
climate adaptation, Norway, Norwegian Centre of Climate Services (NCCS) for
Norwegian Environment Agency (Miljødirektoratet), 208 pp., (NCCS report
1/2019), https://doi.org/10.25607/OBP-888, 2019.
Hock, R.: Temperature index melt modelling in mountain areas, J. Hydrol.,
282, 104–115, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(03)00257-9, 2003.
Ignatiuk, D.: Meteorological data from the Werenskioldbreen (Svalbard)
2009–2020, Zenodo [data set], https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6528321, 2021a.
Ignatiuk, D.: Glaciological data (point mass balance, SWE, snow depth, bulk
snow density, modelled runoff) from Werenskioldbreen (Svabard) 2009–2020, Zenodo
[data set], https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5792168, 2021b.
Ignatiuk, D.: Glacier mass balance: Werenskioldbreen, https://catalog-intaros.nersc.no/dataset/glacier-mass-balance-werenskioldbreen, INTAROS Data Catalogue [data set], last access: 24 May 2022.
Ignatiuk, D. and Małarzewski, Ł.: https://ppdb.us.edu.pl/geonetwork/srv/pol/catalog.search;jsessionid=7A0C3C8EAEA1B8F61D8F0B57177B7098#/metadata/abc6becf-97f0-4dca-b597-2fa3438f43ab, Geonetwork [data set], last access: 24 May 2022a.
Ignatiuk, D. and Małarzewski, Ł.: https://ppdb.us.edu.pl/geonetwork/srv/pol/catalog.search;jsessionid=7A0C3C8EAEA1B8F61D8F0B57177B7098#/metadata/bdd6b724-d75c-49a1-83c6-eb2007107cde, Geonetwork [data set], last access: 24 May 2022b.
Ignatiuk, D. and Małarzewski, Ł.: https://ppdb.us.edu.pl/geonetwork/srv/pol/catalog.search;jsessionid=7A0C3C8EAEA1B8F61D8F0B57177B7098#/metadata/d0ad64ab-ad70-43d7-9383-8a9213e6c40f, Geonetwork [data set], last access: 24 May 2022c.
Ignatiuk, D. and Małarzewski, Ł.: https://ppdb.us.edu.pl/geonetwork/srv/pol/catalog.search;jsessionid=7A0C3C8EAEA1B8F61D8F0B57177B7098#/metadata/12ed9717-8cd7-4583-b2c6-089d50e6ad61, Geonetwork [data set], last access: 24 May 2022d.
Ignatiuk, D. and Małarzewski, Ł.: https://ppdb.us.edu.pl/geonetwork/srv/pol/catalog.search;jsessionid=7A0C3C8EAEA1B8F61D8F0B57177B7098#/metadata/fa3bd41b-dfbb-49e8-bdf6-7c56e9bb902f, Geonetwork [data set], last access: 24 May 2022e.
Ignatiuk, D. and Małarzewski, Ł.: https://ppdb.us.edu.pl/geonetwork/srv/pol/catalog.search;jsessionid=7A0C3C8EAEA1B8F61D8F0B57177B7098#/metadata/9309a6b1-663c-4227-9eb6-39761c1d868d, Geonetwork [data set], last access: 24 May 2022f.
Ignatiuk, D. and Małarzewski, Ł.: https://ppdb.us.edu.pl/geonetwork/srv/pol/catalog.search;jsessionid=7A0C3C8EAEA1B8F61D8F0B57177B7098#/metadata/5aa3b739-af33-4e57-bf68-7a8757985b2d, Geonetwork [data set], last access: 24 May 2022g.
Ignatiuk, D., Piechota, A., Ciepły, M., and Luks, B.: Changes of
altitudinal zones of Werenskioldbreen and Hansbreen in period 1990–2008,
Svalbard, AIP Conf. Proc., 1618, 280, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4897727,
2015.
IPCC: The ocean and cryosphere in a changing climate, https://www.ipcc.ch/srocc/home/ (last access: 1 April 2020), 2019.
Isaksen, K., Nordli, Førland, E. J., Łupikasza, E., Eastwood, S., and
Niedźwiedź, T.: Recent warming on Spitsbergen – Influence of
atmospheric circulation and sea ice cover, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 121,
11913–11931, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JD025606, 2016.
Łepkowska, E. and Stachnik, L.: which drivers control the suspended sediment flux in a High Arctic glacierized basin (Werenskioldbreen, Spitsbergen)?, Water, 10, 1408, https://doi.org/10.3390/W10101408, 2018.
Łupikasza, E. B., Ignatiuk, D., Grabiec, M., Cielecka-Nowak, K., Laska, M., Jania, J., Luks, B., Uszczyk, A., and Budzik, T.: The role of winter rain in the glacial system on Svalbard, Water, 11, 334, https://doi.org/10.3390/W11020334, 2019.
Majchrowska, E., Ignatiuk, D., Jania, J., Marszałek, H., and Wasik, M.:
Seasonal and interannual variability in runoff from the Werenskioldbreen
catchment, Spitsbergen, Polish Polar Res., 36, 197–224,
https://doi.org/10.1515/popore-2015-0014, 2015.
Moholdt, G., Nuth, C., Hagen, J. O., and Kohler, J.: Recent elevation changes
of Svalbard glaciers derived from ICESat laser altimetry, Remote Sens.
Environ., 114, 2756–2767, https://doi.org/10.1016/J.RSE.2010.06.008, 2010.
Möller, M., Finkelnburg, R., Braun, M., Hock, R., Jonsell, U., Pohjola,
V. A., Scherer, D., and Schneider, C.: Climatic mass balance of the ice cap
Vestfonna, Svalbard: A spatially distributed assessment using ERA-Interim
and MODIS data, J. Geophys. Res.-Earth Surf., 116, 3009,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JF001905, 2011.
Noël, B., Jakobs, C. L., van Pelt, W. J. J., Lhermitte, S., Wouters, B.,
Kohler, J., Hagen, J. O., Luks, B., Reijmer, C. H., van de Berg, W. J., and
van den Broeke, M. R.: Low elevation of Svalbard glaciers drives high mass
loss variability, Nat. Commun., 11, 4597,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-18356-1, 2020.
Nordli, Ø., Przybylak, R., Ogilvie, A. E. J., and Isaksen, K.: Long-term temperature trends and variability on Spitsbergen: The extended Svalbard airport temperature series, 1898–2012, Polar Res., 33, 1898–2012, https://doi.org/10.3402/polar.v33.21349, 2014.
Nuth, C., Gilbert, A., Köhler, A., McNabb, R., Schellenberger, T.,
Sevestre, H., Weidle, C., Girod, L., Luckman, A., and Kääb, A.:
Dynamic vulnerability revealed in the collapse of an Arctic tidewater
glacier, Sci. Rep.-UK, 9, 5541, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-41117-0,
2019.
Ohmura, A.: Physical basis for the temperature-based melt-index method, J.
Appl. Meteorol., 40, 753–761,
https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(2001)040<0753:PBFTTB>2.0.CO;2, 2001.
Osuch, M. and Wawrzyniak, T.: Inter- and intra-annual changes in air
temperature and precipitation in western Spitsbergen, Int. J. Climatol., 37,
3082–3097, https://doi.org/10.1002/JOC.4901, 2017.
Osuch, M., Wawrzyniak, T., and Łepkowska, E.: Changes in the flow regime of
High Arctic catchments with different stages of glaciation, SW Spitsbergen,
Sci. Total Environ., 817, 152924, https://doi.org/10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2022.152924, 2022.
Østby, T. I., Schuler, T. V., and Westermann, S.: Severe cloud
contamination of MODIS Land Surface Temperatures over an Arctic ice cap,
Svalbard, Remote Sens. Environ., 142, 95–102,
https://doi.org/10.1016/J.RSE.2013.11.005, 2014.
Østby, T. I., Schuler, T. V., Hagen, J. O., Hock, R., Kohler, J., and Reijmer, C. H.: Diagnosing the decline in climatic mass balance of glaciers in Svalbard over 1957–2014, The Cryosphere, 11, 191–215, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-11-191-2017, 2017.
Pälli, A., Moore, J. C., Jania, J.,
Kolondra, L., and Głowacki, P.: The drainage pattern of Hansbreen and
Werenskioldbreen, two polythermal glaciers in Svalbard, Polar Res., 22,
355–371, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-8369.2003.tb00117.x, 2003.
Pellicciotti, F., Ragettli, S., Carenzo, M., and McPhee, J.: Changes of
glaciers in the Andes of Chile and priorities for future work, Sci. Total
Environ., 493, 1197–1210, https://doi.org/10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2013.10.055, 2014.
Schuler, T. V., Dunse, T., Østby, T. I., and Hagen, J. O.: Meteorological
conditions on an Arctic ice cap – 8 years of automatic weather station data
from Austfonna, Svalbard, Int. J. Climatol., 34, 2047–2058,
https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.3821, 2014.
Schuler, T. V., Kohler, J., Elagina, N., Hagen, J. O. M., Hodson, A. J., Jania, J. A., Kääb, A. M., Luks, B., Małecki, J., Moholdt, G., Pohjola, V. A., Sobota, I., and Van Pelt, W. J. J.: Reconciling Svalbard Glacier Mass Balance, Front. Earth Sci., 8, 156, https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2020.00156, 2020.
Sen, P. K.: Estimates of the regression coefficient based on Kendall's tau,
J. Am. Stat. Assoc., 63, 1379–1389, https://doi.org/10.2307/2285891, 1968.
Stachnik, L., Majchrowska, E., Yde, J. C., Nawrot, A. P., Cichała-Kamrowska, K., Ignatiuk, D., and Piechota, A.: Chemical denudation and the
role of sulfide oxidation at Werenskioldbreen, Svalbard, J. Hydrol., 538,
177–193, https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JHYDROL.2016.03.059, 2016a.
Stachnik, Ł., Yde, J. C., Kondracka, M., Ignatiuk, D., and Grzesik, M.:
Glacier naled evolution and relation to the subglacial drainage system based
on water chemistry and GPR surveys (Werenskioldbreen, SW Svalbard), Ann.
Glaciol., 57, 19–30, https://doi.org/10.1017/AOG.2016.9, 2016b.
Stachnik, Ł., Yde, J. C., Nawrot, A., Uzarowicz, Ł., Łepkowska, E., and
Kozak, K.: Aluminium in glacial meltwater demonstrates an association with
nutrient export (Werenskiöldbreen, Svalbard), Hydrol. Process., 33,
1638–1657, https://doi.org/10.1002/HYP.13426, 2019.
Sturm, M., Taras, B., Liston, G. E., Derksen, C., Jonas, T., and Lea, J.: Estimating snow water equivalent using snow depth data and climate classes, J. Hydrometeorol., 11, 1380–1394, https://doi.org/10.1175/2010JHM1202.1, 2010.
Sułowicz, S., Bondarczuk, K., Ignatiuk, D., Jania, J. A., and
Piotrowska-Seget, Z.: Microbial communities from subglacial water of naled
ice bodies in the forefield of Werenskioldbreen, Svalbard, Sci. Total
Environ., 723, 138025, https://doi.org/10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2020.138025,
2020.
Uszczyk, A., Grabiec, M., Laska, M., Kuhn, M., and Ignatiuk, D.: Importance
of snow as component of surface mass balance of Arctic glacier (Hansbreen,
southern Spitsbergen), Polish Polar Res., 40, 311–338,
https://doi.org/10.24425/PPR.2019.130901, 2019.
van Pelt, W., Pohjola, V., Pettersson, R., Marchenko, S., Kohler, J., Luks, B., Hagen, J. O., Schuler, T. V., Dunse, T., Noël, B., and Reijmer, C.: A long-term dataset of climatic mass balance, snow conditions, and runoff in Svalbard (1957–2018), The Cryosphere, 13, 2259–2280, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-2259-2019, 2019.
Vikhamar-Schuler, D., Isaksen, K., Haugen, J. E., Tømmervik, H., Luks, B., Schuler, T. V., and Bjerke, J. W.: Changes in winter warming events in the Nordic Arctic Region, J. Climate, 29, 6223–6244, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0763.1, 2016.
Walczowski, W., Beszczynska-Möller, A., Wieczorek, P., Merchel, M., and
Grynczel, A.: Oceanographic observations in the Nordic Sea and Fram Strait
in 2016 under the IO PAN long-term monitoring program AREX, Oceanologia, 59,
187–194, https://doi.org/10.1016/J.OCEANO.2016.12.003, 2017.
Wawrzyniak, T. and Osuch, M.: A 40-year High Arctic climatological dataset of the Polish Polar Station Hornsund (SW Spitsbergen, Svalbard), Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 805–815, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-805-2020, 2020.
Wawrzyniak, T., Osuch, M., Napiórkowski, J., and Westermann, S.:
Modelling of the thermal regime of permafrost during 1990–2014 in Hornsund,
Svalbard, Polish Polar Res., 37, 219–242,
https://doi.org/10.1515/POPORE-2016-0013, 2016.
WGMS: Fluctuations of Glaciers Database, World Glacier Monitoring Service [data set],
Zurich, Switzerland, https://doi.org/10.5904/wgms-fog-2021-05, 2021.
Yadav, J., Kumar, A., and Mohan, R.: Dramatic decline of Arctic sea ice linked to global warming, Nat. Hazards, 103, 2617–2621, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-020-04064-y, 2020.
Short summary
This paper presents details of the glaciological and meteorological dataset (2009–2020) from the Werenskioldbreen (Svalbard). These high-quality and long-term observational data already have been used to assess hydrological models and glaciological studies. The objective of releasing these data is to improve their usage for calibration and validation of the remote sensing products and models, as well as to increase data reuse.
This paper presents details of the glaciological and meteorological dataset (2009–2020) from the...
