Articles | Volume 15, issue 7
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2841-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Special issue:
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2841-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Data description paper
| 
11 Jul 2023
Data description paper |
| 11 Jul 2023
| 11 Jul 2023
A new inventory of High Mountain Asia surging glaciers derived from multiple elevation datasets since the 1970s
School of Geo-science and Info-physics, Central South University,
Changsha, 410083, China
Jia Li
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
School of Geo-science and Info-physics, Central South University,
Changsha, 410083, China
Amaury Dehecq
IRD, CNRS, Grenoble INP, IGE, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, 38000, France
Zhiwei Li
School of Geo-science and Info-physics, Central South University,
Changsha, 410083, China
Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences,
Beijing, 100101, China
Jianjun Zhu
School of Geo-science and Info-physics, Central South University,
Changsha, 410083, China
Related authors
No articles found.
Enrico Mattea, Etienne Berthier, Amaury Dehecq, Tobias Bolch, Atanu Bhattacharya, Sajid Ghuffar, Martina Barandun, and Martin Hoelzle
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2169, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2169, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We reconstruct the evolution of terminus position, ice thickness and surface flow velocity of the reference Abramov glacier (Kyrgyzstan) from 1968 to present. We describe a front pulsation in the early 2000s and the multi-annual present-day buildup of a new pulsation. Such dynamic instabilities can challenge the representativity of Abramov as reference glacier. For our work we used satellite‑based optical remote sensing from multiple platforms, including recently declassified archives.
Livia Piermattei, Michael Zemp, Christian Sommer, Fanny Brun, Matthias H. Braun, Liss M. Andreassen, Joaquín M. C. Belart, Etienne Berthier, Atanu Bhattacharya, Laura Boehm Vock, Tobias Bolch, Amaury Dehecq, Inés Dussaillant, Daniel Falaschi, Caitlyn Florentine, Dana Floricioiu, Christian Ginzler, Gregoire Guillet, Romain Hugonnet, Matthias Huss, Andreas Kääb, Owen King, Christoph Klug, Friedrich Knuth, Lukas Krieger, Jeff La Frenierre, Robert McNabb, Christopher McNeil, Rainer Prinz, Louis Sass, Thorsten Seehaus, David Shean, Désirée Treichler, Anja Wendt, and Ruitang Yang
The Cryosphere, 18, 3195–3230, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-3195-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-3195-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Satellites have made it possible to observe glacier elevation changes from all around the world. In the present study, we compared the results produced from two different types of satellite data between different research groups and against validation measurements from aeroplanes. We found a large spread between individual results but showed that the group ensemble can be used to reliably estimate glacier elevation changes and related errors from satellite data.
Marin Kneib, Amaury Dehecq, Adrien Gilbert, Auguste Basset, Evan S. Miles, Guillaume Jouvet, Bruno Jourdain, Etienne Ducasse, Luc Beraud, Antoine Rabatel, Jérémie Mouginot, Guillem Carcanade, Olivier Laarman, Fanny Brun, and Delphine Six
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1733, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1733, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Avalanches contribute to increasing the accumulation on mountain glaciers by redistributing snow from surrounding mountains slopes. Here we quantified the contribution of avalanches to the mass balance of Argentière Glacier in the French Alps, by combining satellite and field observations to model the glacier dynamics. We show that the contribution of avalanches locally increases the accumulation by 60-70% and that accounting for this effect results in less ice loss by the end of the century.
Marin Kneib, Amaury Dehecq, Fanny Brun, Fatima Karbou, Laurane Charrier, Silvan Leinss, Patrick Wagnon, and Fabien Maussion
The Cryosphere, 18, 2809–2830, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-2809-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-2809-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Avalanches are important for the mass balance of mountain glaciers, but few data exist on where and when they occur and which glaciers they affect the most. We developed an approach to map avalanches over large glaciated areas and long periods of time using satellite radar data. The application of this method to various regions in the Alps and High Mountain Asia reveals the variability of avalanches on these glaciers and provides key data to better represent these processes in glacier models.
Yifan Zhang, Zhiwei Li, Wen Wang, Minzheng Mu, and Bangwei Zuo
Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., XLVIII-1-2024, 881–886, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLVIII-1-2024-881-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLVIII-1-2024-881-2024, 2024
Fanny Brun, Owen King, Marion Réveillet, Charles Amory, Anton Planchot, Etienne Berthier, Amaury Dehecq, Tobias Bolch, Kévin Fourteau, Julien Brondex, Marie Dumont, Christoph Mayer, Silvan Leinss, Romain Hugonnet, and Patrick Wagnon
The Cryosphere, 17, 3251–3268, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-3251-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-3251-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The South Col Glacier is a small body of ice and snow located on the southern ridge of Mt. Everest. A recent study proposed that South Col Glacier is rapidly losing mass. In this study, we examined the glacier thickness change for the period 1984–2017 and found no thickness change. To reconcile these results, we investigate wind erosion and surface energy and mass balance and find that melt is unlikely a dominant process, contrary to previous findings.
Erik Schytt Mannerfelt, Amaury Dehecq, Romain Hugonnet, Elias Hodel, Matthias Huss, Andreas Bauder, and Daniel Farinotti
The Cryosphere, 16, 3249–3268, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-3249-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-3249-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
How glaciers have responded to climate change over the last 20 years is well-known, but earlier data are much more scarce. We change this in Switzerland by using 22 000 photographs taken from mountain tops between the world wars and find a halving of Swiss glacier volume since 1931. This was done through new automated processing techniques that we created. The data are interesting for more than just glaciers, such as mapping forest changes, landslides, and human impacts on the terrain.
Loris Compagno, Matthias Huss, Evan Stewart Miles, Michael James McCarthy, Harry Zekollari, Amaury Dehecq, Francesca Pellicciotti, and Daniel Farinotti
The Cryosphere, 16, 1697–1718, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-1697-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-1697-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We present a new approach for modelling debris area and thickness evolution. We implement the module into a combined mass-balance ice-flow model, and we apply it using different climate scenarios to project the future evolution of all glaciers in High Mountain Asia. We show that glacier geometry, volume, and flow velocity evolve differently when modelling explicitly debris cover compared to glacier evolution without the debris-cover module, demonstrating the importance of accounting for debris.
César Deschamps-Berger, Simon Gascoin, Etienne Berthier, Jeffrey Deems, Ethan Gutmann, Amaury Dehecq, David Shean, and Marie Dumont
The Cryosphere, 14, 2925–2940, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-2925-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-2925-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We evaluate a recent method to map snow depth based on satellite photogrammetry. We compare it with accurate airborne laser-scanning measurements in the Sierra Nevada, USA. We find that satellite data capture the relationship between snow depth and elevation at the catchment scale and also small-scale features like snow drifts and avalanche deposits. We conclude that satellite photogrammetry stands out as a convenient method to estimate the spatial distribution of snow depth in high mountains.
Kashif Jamal, Shakil Ahmad, Xin Li, Muhammad Rizwan, Hongyi Li, and Jiaojiao Feng
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2018-548, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2018-548, 2018
Preprint withdrawn
Short summary
Short summary
This research article address understanding and prediction of projected changes in runoff of cryosphere catchment. The key focus of this research is to predict the runoff contribution and sensitivity at different altitude ranges (that was not studied before) in the response of projected climate and how the response change to the climate variables. This research clearly fulfill the gap found in previous researches using simple approach.
J. H. Liu, J. Hu, and Z. W. Li
Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., XLII-3, 1065–1067, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLII-3-1065-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLII-3-1065-2018, 2018
Youhua Ran, Xin Li, and Guodong Cheng
The Cryosphere, 12, 595–608, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-595-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-595-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Approximately 88 % of the permafrost area in the 1960s has been thermally degraded in the past half century over the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau. The mean elevations of the very cold, cold, cool, warm, very warm, and likely thawing permafrost areas increased by 88 m, 97 m, 155 m, 185 m, 161 m, and 250 m, respectively. This degradation may lead to increases in risks to infrastructure, flood, reductions in ecosystem resilience, and positive climate feedback.
Feng Liu and Xin Li
Nonlin. Processes Geophys., 24, 279–291, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-24-279-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-24-279-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
This is the first mathematical definitions of the spatial scale and its transformation based on Lebesgue measure. An Ito process-formed geophysical variable with respect to scale was also provided. The stochastic calculus for data assimilation discovered the new expressions of error caused by spatial scale transformation. The results improve the ability to understand the spatial scale transformation and related uncertainties in Earth observation, modelling and data assimilation.
Chunfeng Ma, Xin Li, and Shuguo Wang
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2017-34, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2017-34, 2017
Manuscript not accepted for further review
Short summary
Short summary
We present a SM estimation based on the combination of Bayesian probabilistic inversion with airborne L‐band radiometer observations. The work has obtained a desirable SM estimation and uncertainty quantification, which may offer an insight into the future SM inversion based on passive microwave remote sensing.
X. Han, X. Li, G. He, P. Kumbhar, C. Montzka, S. Kollet, T. Miyoshi, R. Rosolem, Y. Zhang, H. Vereecken, and H.-J. H. Franssen
Geosci. Model Dev. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/gmdd-8-7395-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmdd-8-7395-2015, 2015
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
DasPy is a ready to use open source parallel multivariate land data assimilation framework with joint state and parameter estimation using Local Ensemble Transform Kalman Filter. The Community Land Model (4.5) was integrated as model operator. The Community Microwave Emission Modelling platform, COsmic-ray Soil Moisture Interaction Code and the Two-Source Formulation were integrated as observation operators for the multivariate assimilation of soil moisture and soil temperature, respectively.
X. Han, H.-J. H. Franssen, R. Rosolem, R. Jin, X. Li, and H. Vereecken
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 615–629, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-615-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-615-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents the joint assimilation of cosmic-ray neutron counts and land surface temperature with parameter estimation of leaf area index at an irrigated corn field. The results show that the data assimilation can reduce the systematic input errors due to the lack of irrigation data. The estimations of soil moisture, evapotranspiration and leaf area index can be improved in the joint assimilation framework.
G. F. Zhu, X. Li, Y. H. Su, K. Zhang, Y. Bai, J. Z. Ma, C. B. Li, X. L. Hu, and J. H. He
Geosci. Model Dev., 7, 1467–1482, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-7-1467-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-7-1467-2014, 2014
W. Tian, X. Li, G.-D. Cheng, X.-S. Wang, and B. X. Hu
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 16, 4707–4723, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-4707-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-4707-2012, 2012
Related subject area
Domain: ESSD – Ice | Subject: Glaciology
A newly digitized ice-penetrating radar data set acquired over the Greenland ice sheet in 1971–1979
Multitemporal characterization of a proglacial system: a multidisciplinary approach
Spatial and temporal stable water isotope data from the upper snowpack at the EastGRIP camp site, NE Greenland, sampled in summer 2018
High temporal resolution records of the velocity of Hansbreen, a tidewater glacier in Svalbard
Glaciological and meteorological monitoring at LTER sites Mullwitzkees and Venedigerkees, Austria, 2006–2022
A high-resolution calving front data product for marine-terminating glaciers in Svalbard
Spatial and temporal variability of environmental proxies from the top 120 m of two ice cores in Dronning Maud Land (East Antarctica)
Climate and ablation observations from automatic ablation and weather stations at A. P. Olsen Ice Cap transect, NE Greenland, May 2008 through May 2022
Inventory of glaciers and perennial snowfields of the conterminous USA
A comprehensive and version-controlled database of glacial lake outburst floods in High Mountain Asia
Unlocking archival maps of the Hornsund fjord area for monitoring glaciers of the Sørkapp Land peninsula, Svalbard
Antarctic Ice Sheet paleo-constraint database
Ice-core data used for the construction of the Greenland Ice-Core Chronology 2005 and 2021 (GICC05 and GICC21)
Antarctic Bedmap data: Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable (FAIR) sharing of 60 years of ice bed, surface, and thickness data
Ice core chemistry database: an Antarctic compilation of sodium and sulfate records spanning the past 2000 years
Mass balance of the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets from 1992 to 2020
Interdecadal glacier inventories in the Karakoram since the 1990s
Landsat- and Sentinel-derived glacial lake dataset in the China–Pakistan Economic Corridor from 1990 to 2020
Processing methodology for the ITS_LIVE Sentinel-1 ice velocity products
Calving fronts and where to find them: a benchmark dataset and methodology for automatic glacier calving front extraction from synthetic aperture radar imagery
Multitemporal glacier inventory revealing four decades of glacier changes in the Ladakh region
A new global dataset of mountain glacier centerlines and lengths
2000 years of annual ice core data from Law Dome, East Antarctica
A 41-year (1979–2019) passive-microwave-derived lake ice phenology data record of the Northern Hemisphere
Rescue and homogenization of 140 years of glacier mass balance data in Switzerland
Nanna B. Karlsson, Dustin M. Schroeder, Louise Sandberg Sørensen, Winnie Chu, Jørgen Dall, Natalia H. Andersen, Reese Dobson, Emma J. Mackie, Simon J. Köhn, Jillian E. Steinmetz, Angelo S. Tarzona, Thomas O. Teisberg, and Niels Skou
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 3333–3344, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-3333-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-3333-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In the 1970s, more than 177 000 km of observations were acquired from airborne radar over the Greenland ice sheet. The radar data contain information on not only the thickness of the ice, but also the properties of the ice itself. This information was recorded on film rolls and subsequently stored. In this study, we document the digitization of these film rolls that shed new and unprecedented detailed light on the Greenland ice sheet 50 years ago.
Elisabetta Corte, Andrea Ajmar, Carlo Camporeale, Alberto Cina, Velio Coviello, Fabio Giulio Tonolo, Alberto Godio, Myrta Maria Macelloni, Stefania Tamea, and Andrea Vergnano
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 3283–3306, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-3283-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-3283-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The study presents a set of multitemporal geospatial surveys and the continuous monitoring of water flows in a large proglacial area (4 km2) of the northwestern Alps. Activities were developed using a multidisciplinary approach and merge geomatic, hydraulic, and geophysical methods. The goal is to allow researchers to characterize, monitor, and model a number of physical processes and interconnected phenomena, with a broader perspective and deeper understanding than a single-discipline approach.
Alexandra M. Zuhr, Sonja Wahl, Hans Christian Steen-Larsen, Maria Hörhold, Hanno Meyer, Vasileios Gkinis, and Thomas Laepple
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 1861–1874, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1861-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1861-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We present stable water isotope data from the accumulation zone of the Greenland ice sheet. A spatial sampling scheme covering 39 m and three depth layers was carried out between 14 May and 3 August 2018. The data suggest spatial and temporal variability related to meteorological conditions, such as wind-driven snow redistribution and vapour–snow exchange processes. The data can be used to study the formation of the stable water isotopes signal, which is seen as a climate proxy.
Małgorzata Błaszczyk, Bartłomiej Luks, Michał Pętlicki, Dariusz Puczko, Dariusz Ignatiuk, Michał Laska, Jacek Jania, and Piotr Głowacki
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 1847–1860, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1847-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1847-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Understanding the glacier response to accelerated climate warming in the Arctic requires data obtained in the field. Here, we present a dataset of velocity measurements of Hansbreen, a tidewater glacier in Svalbard. The glacier's velocity was measured with GPS at 16 stakes mounted on the glacier's surface. The measurements were conducted from about 1 week to about 1 month. The dataset offers unique material for validating numerical models of glacier dynamics and satellite-derived products.
Lea Hartl, Bernd Seiser, Martin Stocker-Waldhuber, Anna Baldo, Marcela Violeta Lauria, and Andrea Fischer
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2023-523, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2023-523, 2024
Revised manuscript accepted for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
Glaciers in the Alps are receding at unprecedented rates. To understand how this affects the hydrology and ecosystems of the affected regions, it is important to measure glacier mass balance and ensure that records of field surveys are kept in standardized formats and well documented. We describe glaciological measurements of ice ablation and snow accumulation gathered at Mullwitzkees and Venedigerkees, two glaciers in the Austrian Alps, since 2007 and 2012, respectively.
Tian Li, Konrad Heidler, Lichao Mou, Ádám Ignéczi, Xiao Xiang Zhu, and Jonathan L. Bamber
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 919–939, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-919-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-919-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Our study uses deep learning to produce a new high-resolution calving front dataset for 149 marine-terminating glaciers in Svalbard from 1985 to 2023, containing 124 919 terminus traces. This dataset offers insights into understanding calving mechanisms and can help improve glacier frontal ablation estimates as a component of the integrated mass balance assessment.
Sarah Wauthy, Jean-Louis Tison, Mana Inoue, Saïda El Amri, Sainan Sun, François Fripiat, Philippe Claeys, and Frank Pattyn
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 35–58, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-35-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-35-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The datasets presented are the density, water isotopes, ions, and conductivity measurements, as well as age models and surface mass balance (SMB) from the top 120 m of two ice cores drilled on adjacent ice rises in Dronning Maud Land, dating from the late 18th century. They offer many development possibilities for the interpretation of paleo-profiles and for addressing the mechanisms behind the spatial and temporal variability of SMB and proxies observed at the regional scale in East Antarctica.
Signe Hillerup Larsen, Daniel Binder, Anja Rutishauser, Bernhard Hynek, Robert Schjøtt Fausto, and Michele Citterio
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2023-444, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2023-444, 2023
Revised manuscript accepted for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
The Greenland Ecosystem Monitoring programme has been condicting ecosystem monitoring in Greenland since 1995. In 2008 the Glaciological monitoring subprogram GlacioBasis was initiated at the Zackenberg site in NE Greenland with a transect of three weather stations on the A. P. Olsen Ice Cap. In 2022 the weather stations were replaced with a more standardized set up and the data from 2008 to 2022 is reprocessed and quality checked to provide the first 15 years of the continued monitoring.
Andrew G. Fountain, Bryce Glenn, and Christopher Mcneil
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 4077–4104, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-4077-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-4077-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Glaciers are rapidly shrinking globally. To identify past change and provide a baseline for future change, we inventoried the extent of glaciers and perennial snowfields across the western USA excluding Alaska. Using mostly aerial imagery, we digitized the outlines of all glaciers and perennial snowfields equal to or larger than 0.01 km2 using a geographical information system. We identified 1331 (366.52 km2) glaciers and 1176 (31.00 km2) snowfields.
Finu Shrestha, Jakob F. Steiner, Reeju Shrestha, Yathartha Dhungel, Sharad P. Joshi, Sam Inglis, Arshad Ashraf, Sher Wali, Khwaja M. Walizada, and Taigang Zhang
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 3941–3961, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3941-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3941-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
A new inventory of glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs) in High Mountain Asia found 697 events, causing 906 deaths, 3 times more than previously reported. This study provides insights into the contributing factors behind GLOFs on a regional scale and highlights the need for interdisciplinary approaches, including scientific communities and local knowledge, to understand GLOF risks in Asia. This study allows integration with other datasets, enabling future local and regional risk assessments.
Justyna Dudek and Michał Pętlicki
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 3869–3889, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3869-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3869-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In our research, we evaluate the potential of archival maps of Hornsund fjord area, southern Spitsbergen, published by the Polish Academy of Sciences for studying glacier changes. Our analysis concerning glaciers in the north-western part of the Sørkapp Land peninsula revealed that, in the period 1961–2010, a maximum lowering of their surface was about 100 m for the largest land-terminating glaciers and over 120 m for glaciers terminating in the ocean (above the line marking their 1984 extents).
Benoit S. Lecavalier, Lev Tarasov, Greg Balco, Perry Spector, Claus-Dieter Hillenbrand, Christo Buizert, Catherine Ritz, Marion Leduc-Leballeur, Robert Mulvaney, Pippa L. Whitehouse, Michael J. Bentley, and Jonathan Bamber
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 3573–3596, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3573-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3573-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The Antarctic Ice Sheet Evolution constraint database version 2 (AntICE2) consists of a large variety of observations that constrain the evolution of the Antarctic Ice Sheet over the last glacial cycle. This includes observations of past ice sheet extent, past ice thickness, past relative sea level, borehole temperature profiles, and present-day bedrock displacement rates. The database is intended to improve our understanding of past Antarctic changes and for ice sheet model calibrations.
Sune Olander Rasmussen, Dorthe Dahl-Jensen, Hubertus Fischer, Katrin Fuhrer, Steffen Bo Hansen, Margareta Hansson, Christine S. Hvidberg, Ulf Jonsell, Sepp Kipfstuhl, Urs Ruth, Jakob Schwander, Marie-Louise Siggaard-Andersen, Giulia Sinnl, Jørgen Peder Steffensen, Anders M. Svensson, and Bo M. Vinther
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 3351–3364, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3351-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3351-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Timescales are essential for interpreting palaeoclimate data. The data series presented here were used for annual-layer identification when constructing the timescales named the Greenland Ice-Core Chronology 2005 (GICC05) and the revised version GICC21. Hopefully, these high-resolution data sets will be useful also for other purposes.
Alice C. Frémand, Peter Fretwell, Julien A. Bodart, Hamish D. Pritchard, Alan Aitken, Jonathan L. Bamber, Robin Bell, Cesidio Bianchi, Robert G. Bingham, Donald D. Blankenship, Gino Casassa, Ginny Catania, Knut Christianson, Howard Conway, Hugh F. J. Corr, Xiangbin Cui, Detlef Damaske, Volkmar Damm, Reinhard Drews, Graeme Eagles, Olaf Eisen, Hannes Eisermann, Fausto Ferraccioli, Elena Field, René Forsberg, Steven Franke, Shuji Fujita, Yonggyu Gim, Vikram Goel, Siva Prasad Gogineni, Jamin Greenbaum, Benjamin Hills, Richard C. A. Hindmarsh, Andrew O. Hoffman, Per Holmlund, Nicholas Holschuh, John W. Holt, Annika N. Horlings, Angelika Humbert, Robert W. Jacobel, Daniela Jansen, Adrian Jenkins, Wilfried Jokat, Tom Jordan, Edward King, Jack Kohler, William Krabill, Mette Kusk Gillespie, Kirsty Langley, Joohan Lee, German Leitchenkov, Carlton Leuschen, Bruce Luyendyk, Joseph MacGregor, Emma MacKie, Kenichi Matsuoka, Mathieu Morlighem, Jérémie Mouginot, Frank O. Nitsche, Yoshifumi Nogi, Ole A. Nost, John Paden, Frank Pattyn, Sergey V. Popov, Eric Rignot, David M. Rippin, Andrés Rivera, Jason Roberts, Neil Ross, Anotonia Ruppel, Dustin M. Schroeder, Martin J. Siegert, Andrew M. Smith, Daniel Steinhage, Michael Studinger, Bo Sun, Ignazio Tabacco, Kirsty Tinto, Stefano Urbini, David Vaughan, Brian C. Welch, Douglas S. Wilson, Duncan A. Young, and Achille Zirizzotti
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 2695–2710, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2695-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2695-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents the release of over 60 years of ice thickness, bed elevation, and surface elevation data acquired over Antarctica by the international community. These data are a crucial component of the Antarctic Bedmap initiative which aims to produce a new map and datasets of Antarctic ice thickness and bed topography for the international glaciology and geophysical community.
Elizabeth R. Thomas, Diana O. Vladimirova, Dieter R. Tetzner, B. Daniel Emanuelsson, Nathan Chellman, Daniel A. Dixon, Hugues Goosse, Mackenzie M. Grieman, Amy C. F. King, Michael Sigl, Danielle G. Udy, Tessa R. Vance, Dominic A. Winski, V. Holly L. Winton, Nancy A. N. Bertler, Akira Hori, Chavarukonam M. Laluraj, Joseph R. McConnell, Yuko Motizuki, Kazuya Takahashi, Hideaki Motoyama, Yoichi Nakai, Franciéle Schwanck, Jefferson Cardia Simões, Filipe Gaudie Ley Lindau, Mirko Severi, Rita Traversi, Sarah Wauthy, Cunde Xiao, Jiao Yang, Ellen Mosely-Thompson, Tamara V. Khodzher, Ludmila P. Golobokova, and Alexey A. Ekaykin
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 2517–2532, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2517-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2517-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The concentration of sodium and sulfate measured in Antarctic ice cores is related to changes in both sea ice and winds. Here we have compiled a database of sodium and sulfate records from 105 ice core sites in Antarctica. The records span all, or part, of the past 2000 years. The records will improve our understanding of how winds and sea ice have changed in the past and how they have influenced the climate of Antarctica over the past 2000 years.
Inès N. Otosaka, Andrew Shepherd, Erik R. Ivins, Nicole-Jeanne Schlegel, Charles Amory, Michiel R. van den Broeke, Martin Horwath, Ian Joughin, Michalea D. King, Gerhard Krinner, Sophie Nowicki, Anthony J. Payne, Eric Rignot, Ted Scambos, Karen M. Simon, Benjamin E. Smith, Louise S. Sørensen, Isabella Velicogna, Pippa L. Whitehouse, Geruo A, Cécile Agosta, Andreas P. Ahlstrøm, Alejandro Blazquez, William Colgan, Marcus E. Engdahl, Xavier Fettweis, Rene Forsberg, Hubert Gallée, Alex Gardner, Lin Gilbert, Noel Gourmelen, Andreas Groh, Brian C. Gunter, Christopher Harig, Veit Helm, Shfaqat Abbas Khan, Christoph Kittel, Hannes Konrad, Peter L. Langen, Benoit S. Lecavalier, Chia-Chun Liang, Bryant D. Loomis, Malcolm McMillan, Daniele Melini, Sebastian H. Mernild, Ruth Mottram, Jeremie Mouginot, Johan Nilsson, Brice Noël, Mark E. Pattle, William R. Peltier, Nadege Pie, Mònica Roca, Ingo Sasgen, Himanshu V. Save, Ki-Weon Seo, Bernd Scheuchl, Ernst J. O. Schrama, Ludwig Schröder, Sebastian B. Simonsen, Thomas Slater, Giorgio Spada, Tyler C. Sutterley, Bramha Dutt Vishwakarma, Jan Melchior van Wessem, David Wiese, Wouter van der Wal, and Bert Wouters
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 1597–1616, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-1597-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-1597-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
By measuring changes in the volume, gravitational attraction, and ice flow of Greenland and Antarctica from space, we can monitor their mass gain and loss over time. Here, we present a new record of the Earth’s polar ice sheet mass balance produced by aggregating 50 satellite-based estimates of ice sheet mass change. This new assessment shows that the ice sheets have lost (7.5 x 1012) t of ice between 1992 and 2020, contributing 21 mm to sea level rise.
Fuming Xie, Shiyin Liu, Yongpeng Gao, Yu Zhu, Tobias Bolch, Andreas Kääb, Shimei Duan, Wenfei Miao, Jianfang Kang, Yaonan Zhang, Xiran Pan, Caixia Qin, Kunpeng Wu, Miaomiao Qi, Xianhe Zhang, Ying Yi, Fengze Han, Xiaojun Yao, Qiao Liu, Xin Wang, Zongli Jiang, Donghui Shangguan, Yong Zhang, Richard Grünwald, Muhammad Adnan, Jyoti Karki, and Muhammad Saifullah
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 847–867, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-847-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-847-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, first we generated inventories which allowed us to systematically detect glacier change patterns in the Karakoram range. We found that, by the 2020s, there were approximately 10 500 glaciers in the Karakoram mountains covering an area of 22 510.73 km2, of which ~ 10.2 % is covered by debris. During the past 30 years (from 1990 to 2020), the total glacier cover area in Karakoram remained relatively stable, with a slight increase in area of 23.5 km2.
Muchu Lesi, Yong Nie, Dan Hirsh Shugar, Jida Wang, Qian Deng, Huayong Chen, and Jianrong Fan
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 5489–5512, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-5489-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-5489-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The China–Pakistan Economic Corridor plays a vital role in foreign trade and faces threats from water shortage and water-related hazards. An up-to-date glacial lake dataset with critical parameters is basic for water resource and flood risk research, which is absent from the corridor. This study created a glacial lake dataset in 2020 from Landsat and Sentinel images from 1990–2000, using a threshold-based mapping method. Our dataset has the potential to be widely applied.
Yang Lei, Alex S. Gardner, and Piyush Agram
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 5111–5137, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-5111-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-5111-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This work describes NASA MEaSUREs ITS_LIVE project's Version 2 Sentinel-1 image-pair ice velocity product and processing methodology. We show the refined offset tracking algorithm, autoRIFT, calibration for Sentinel-1 geolocation biases and correction of the ionosphere streaking problems. Validation was performed over three typical test sites covering the globe by comparing with other similar global and regional products.
Nora Gourmelon, Thorsten Seehaus, Matthias Braun, Andreas Maier, and Vincent Christlein
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 4287–4313, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-4287-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-4287-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Ice loss of glaciers shows in retreating calving fronts (i.e., the position where icebergs break off the glacier and drift into the ocean). This paper presents a benchmark dataset for calving front delineation in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images. The dataset can be used to train and test deep learning techniques, which automate the monitoring of the calving front. Provided example models achieve front delineations with an average distance of 887 m to the correct calving front.
Mohd Soheb, Alagappan Ramanathan, Anshuman Bhardwaj, Millie Coleman, Brice R. Rea, Matteo Spagnolo, Shaktiman Singh, and Lydia Sam
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 4171–4185, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-4171-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-4171-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study provides a multi-temporal inventory of glaciers in the Ladakh region. The study records data on 2257 glaciers (>0.5 km2) covering an area of ~7923 ± 106 km2 which is equivalent to ~89 % of the total glacierised area of the Ladakh region. It will benefit both the scientific community and the administration of the Union Territory of Ladakh, in developing efficient mitigation and adaptation strategies by improving the projections of change on timescales relevant to policymakers.
Dahong Zhang, Gang Zhou, Wen Li, Shiqiang Zhang, Xiaojun Yao, and Shimei Wei
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 3889–3913, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-3889-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-3889-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The length of a glacier is a key determinant of its geometry; glacier centerlines are crucial inputs for many glaciological applications. Based on the European allocation theory, we present a new global dataset that includes the centerlines and lengths of 198 137 mountain glaciers. The accuracy of the glacier centerlines was 89.68 %. The constructed dataset comprises 17 sub-datasets which contain the centerlines and lengths of glacier tributaries.
Lenneke M. Jong, Christopher T. Plummer, Jason L. Roberts, Andrew D. Moy, Mark A. J. Curran, Tessa R. Vance, Joel B. Pedro, Chelsea A. Long, Meredith Nation, Paul A. Mayewski, and Tas D. van Ommen
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 3313–3328, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-3313-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-3313-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Ice core records from Law Dome in East Antarctica, collected over the the last 3 decades, provide high-resolution data for studies of the climate of Antarctica, Australia and the Southern and Indo-Pacific oceans. Here, we present a set of annually dated records from Law Dome covering the last 2000 years. This dataset provides an update and extensions both forward and back in time of previously published subsets of the data, bringing them together into a coherent set with improved dating.
Yu Cai, Claude R. Duguay, and Chang-Qing Ke
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 3329–3347, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-3329-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-3329-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Seasonal ice cover is one of the important attributes of lakes in middle- and high-latitude regions. This study used passive microwave brightness temperature measurements to extract the ice phenology for 56 lakes across the Northern Hemisphere from 1979 to 2019. A threshold algorithm was applied according to the differences in brightness temperature between lake ice and open water. The dataset will provide valuable information about the changing ice cover of lakes over the last 4 decades.
Lea Geibel, Matthias Huss, Claudia Kurzböck, Elias Hodel, Andreas Bauder, and Daniel Farinotti
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 3293–3312, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-3293-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-3293-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Glacier monitoring in Switzerland started in the 19th century, providing exceptional data series documenting snow accumulation and ice melt. Raw point observations of surface mass balance have, however, never been systematically compiled so far, including complete metadata. Here, we present an extensive dataset with more than 60 000 point observations of surface mass balance covering 60 Swiss glaciers and almost 140 years, promoting a better understanding of the drivers of recent glacier change.
Cited articles
Abdel Jaber, W., Rott, H., Floricioiu, D., Wuite, J., and Miranda, N.: Heterogeneous spatial and temporal pattern of surface elevation change and mass balance of the Patagonian ice fields between 2000 and 2016, The Cryosphere, 13, 2511–2535, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-2511-2019, 2019.
AIRBUS: Copernicus Digital Elevation Model Validation Report, AIRBUS Defence
and Space GmbH, 17–20, 2020.
Barrand, N. E. and Murray, T.: Multivariate Controls on the Incidence of
Glacier Surging in the Karakoram Himalaya, Arct. Antarct. Alp. Res., 38,
489–498, https://doi.org/10.1657/1523-0430(2006)38[489:MCOTIO]2.0.CO;2, 2006.
Beaud, F., Aati, S., Delaney, I., Adhikari, S., and Avouac, J.-P.: Surge dynamics of Shisper Glacier revealed by time-series correlation of optical satellite images and their utility to substantiate a generalized sliding law, The Cryosphere, 16, 3123–3148, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-3123-2022, 2021.
Benn, D. I., Fowler, A. C., Hewitt, I., and Sevestre, H.: A general theory
of glacier surges, J. Glaciol., 65, 701–716, https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2019.62, 2019.
Bhambri, R., Hewitt, K., Kawishwar, P., and Pratap, B.: Surge-type and
surge-modified glaciers in the Karakoram, Sci. Rep.-UK, 7, 15391, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-15473-8, 2017.
Bhambri, R., Hewitt, K., Haritashya, U. K., Chand, P., Kumar, A., Verma, A.,
Tiwari, S. K., and Rai, S. K.: Characteristics of surge-type tributary
glaciers, Karakoram, Geomorphology, 403, 108161,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2022.108161, 2022.
Bolch, T., Kulkarni, A., Kaab, A., Huggel, C., Paul, F., Cogley, J. G.,
Frey, H., Kargel, J. S., Fujita, K., Scheel, M., Bajracharya, S., and
Stoffel, M.: The State and Fate of Himalayan Glaciers, Science, 336,
310–314, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1215828, 2012.
Bolch, T., Pieczonka, T., Mukherjee, K., and Shea, J.: Brief communication: Glaciers in the Hunza catchment (Karakoram) have been nearly in balance since the 1970s, The Cryosphere, 11, 531–539, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-11-531-2017, 2017.
Bolch, T., Shea, J. M., Liu, S., Azam, F. M., Gao, Y., Gruber, S., Immerzeel, W. W., Kulkarni, A., Li, H., Tahir, A. A., Zhang, G., and Zhang, Y.: Status and Change of the Cryosphere in the Extended Hindu Kush Himalaya Region, in: The Hindu Kush Himalaya Assessment, edited by: Wester, P., Mishra, A., Mukherji, A., and Shrestha, A. B., Springer International Publishing, Cham, 209–255, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92288-1_7, 2019.
Brun, F., Berthier, E., Wagnon, P., Kääb, A., and Treichler, D.: A spatially resolved estimate of High Mountain Asia glacier mass balances from 2000 to 2016, Nat. Geosci., 10, 668–673, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2999, 2017.
Chudley, T. R. and Willis, I. C.: Glacier surges in the north-west West
Kunlun Shan inferred from 1972 to 2017 Landsat imagery, J. Glaciol., 65,
1–12, https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2018.94, 2019.
Clarke, G. K. C.: Length, width and slope influences on glacier surging, J.
Glaciol., 37, 236–246, https://doi.org/10.3189/S0022143000007255, 1991.
Clarke, G. K. C., Schmok, J. P., Ommanney, C. S. L., and Collins, S. G.:
Characteristics of surge-type glaciers, J. Geophys. Res.-Sol. Ea., 91, 7165–7180, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB091iB07p07165, 1986.
Cogley, J. G., Arendt, A. A., Bauder, A., Braithwaite, R. J., Hock, R., J,
B., R., Jansson, P., Kaser, G., Moller, M., Nicholson, L., Rasmussen, L. A.,
and Zemp, M.: Glossary of glacier mass balance and related terms, IACS
Contribution No. 2, UNESCO, Paris, https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-53475, 2011.
Copland, L., Sylvestre, T., Bishop, M. P., Shroder, J. F., Seong, Y. B.,
Owen, L. A., Bush, A., and Kamp, U.: Expanded and Recently Increased Glacier
Surging in the Karakoram, Arct. Antarct. Alp. Res., 43, 503–516, 2011.
Crippen, R., Buckley, S., Agram, P., Belz, E., Gurrola, E., Hensley, S., Kobrick, M., Lavalle, M., Martin, J., Neumann, M., Nguyen, Q., Rosen, P., Shimada, J., Simard, M., and Tung, W.: NASADEM GLOBAL ELEVATION MODEL: METHODS AND PROGRESS, Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., XLI-B4, 125–128, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLI-B4-125-2016, 2016.
Dehecq, A., Gardner, A. S., Alexandrov, O., McMichael, S., Hugonnet, R.,
Shean, D., and Marty, M.: Automated Processing of Declassified KH-9 Hexagon
Satellite Images for Global Elevation Change Analysis Since the 1970s,
Front. Earth Sci., 8, 566802, https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2020.566802, 2020.
Fan, Y., Ke, C.-Q., Zhou, X., Shen, X., Yu, X., and Lhakpa, D.: Glacier
mass-balance estimates over High Mountain Asia from 2000 to 2021 based on
ICESat-2 and NASADEM, J. Glaciol., 69, 500–512, https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2022.78, 2023.
Farinotti, D., Immerzeel, W. W., Kok, R., Quincey, D. J., and Dehecq, A.:
Manifestations and mechanisms of the Karakoram glacier Anomaly, Nat.
Geosci., 13, 8–16, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-019-0513-5, 2020.
Farnsworth, W. R., Ingólfsson, Ó., Retelle, M., and Schomacker, A.:
Over 400 previously undocumented Svalbard surge-type glaciers identified,
Geomorphology, 264, 52–60, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2016.03.025, 2016.
Farr, T. G., Rosen, P. A., Caro, E., Crippen, R., Duren, R., Hensley, S.,
Kobrick, M., Paller, M., Rodriguez, E., Roth, L., Seal, D., Shaffer, S.,
Shimada, J., Umland, J., Werner, M., Oskin, M., Burbank, D., and Alsdorf,
D.: The Shuttle Radar Topography Mission, Rev. Geophys., 45, RG2004,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2005RG000183, 2007.
Fowler, A. C.: A theory of glacier surges, J. Geophys. Res., 92, 9111–9120,
https://doi.org/10.1029/JB092iB09p09111, 1987.
Fowler, A. C., Murray, T., and Ng, F. S. L.: Thermally controlled glacier
surging, J. Glaciol., 47, 527–538, https://doi.org/10.3189/172756501781831792, 2001.
Gardelle, J., Berthier, E., Arnaud, Y., and Kääb, A.: Region-wide glacier mass balances over the Pamir-Karakoram-Himalaya during 1999–2011, The Cryosphere, 7, 1263–1286, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-7-1263-2013, 2013.
Goerlich, F., Bolch, T., and Paul, F.: More dynamic than expected: an updated survey of surging glaciers in the Pamir, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 3161–3176, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-3161-2020, 2020.
Guillet, G., King, O., Lv, M., Ghuffar, S., Benn, D., Quincey, D., and Bolch, T.: A regionally resolved inventory of High Mountain Asia surge-type glaciers, derived from a multi-factor remote sensing approach, The Cryosphere, 16, 603–623, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-603-2022, 2022.
Guo, L., Li, J., Dehecq, A., Li, Z., Li, X., and Zhu, J.: A new inventory of High Mountain Asia surging glaciers derived from multiple elevation datasets since the 1970s, Version 2, Zenodo [data set], https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7961207, 2023.
Guth, P. L. and Geoffroy, T. M.: LiDAR point cloud and ICESat-2 evaluation of 1 second global digital elevation models: Copernicus wins, T. GIS, 25, 2245–2261, https://doi.org/10.1111/tgis.12825, 2021.
Hewitt, K.: The Karakoram Anomaly? Glacier Expansion and the `Elevation
Effect', Karakoram Himalaya, Mt. Res. Dev., 25, 332–340,
https://doi.org/10.1659/0276-4741(2005)025[0332:TKAGEA]2.0.CO;2, 2005.
Hewitt, K.: Tributary glacier surges: an exceptional concentration at Panmah
Glacier, Karakoram Himalaya, J. Glaciol., 53, 181–188,
https://doi.org/10.3189/172756507782202829, 2007.
Höhle, J. and Höhle, M.: Accuracy assessment of digital elevation
models by means of robust statistical methods, ISPRS J. Photogramm., 64, 398–406, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2009.02.003, 2009.
Holzer, N., Vijay, S., Yao, T., Xu, B., Buchroithner, M., and Bolch, T.: Four decades of glacier variations at Muztagh Ata (eastern Pamir): a multi-sensor study including Hexagon KH-9 and Pléiades data, The Cryosphere, 9, 2071–2088, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-9-2071-2015, 2015.
Hugonnet, R., McNabb, R., Berthier, E., Menounos, B., Nuth, C., Girod, L.,
Farinotti, D., Huss, M., Dussaillant, I., Brun, F., and Kääb, A.: Accelerated global glacier mass loss in the early twenty-first century, Nature, 592, 726–731, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03436-z, 2021.
Jacquemart, M. and Cicoira, A.: Hazardous Glacier Instabilities: Ice
Avalanches, Sudden Large-Volume Detachments of Low-Angle Mountain Glaciers,
and Glacier Surges, in: Treatise on Geomorphology, Elsevier, 330–345,
https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-818234-5.00188-7, 2022.
Jiskoot, H.: Glacier Surging, in: Encyclopedia of Snow, Ice and Glaciers,
edited by: Singh, V. P., Singh, P., and Haritashya, U. K., Springer
Netherlands, Dordrecht, 415–428, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2642-2_559, 2011.
Jiskoot, H., Murray, T., and Boyle, P.: Controls on the distribution of
surge-type glaciers in Svalbard, J. Glaciol., 46, 412–422,
https://doi.org/10.3189/172756500781833115, 2000.
Kamb, B.: Glacier surge mechanism based on linked cavity configuration of
the basal water conduit system, J. Geophys. Res., 92, 9083–9100,
https://doi.org/10.1029/JB092iB09p09083, 1987.
Leclercq, P. W., Kääb, A., and Altena, B.: Brief communication: Detection of glacier surge activity using cloud computing of Sentinel-1 radar data, The Cryosphere, 15, 4901–4907, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-4901-2021, 2021.
Li, J., Li, Z., Zhu, J., Li, X., Xu, B., Wang, Q., Huang, C., and Hu, J.:
Early 21st century glacier thickness changes in the Central Tien Shan,
Remote Sens. Environ., 192, 12–29, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2017.02.003, 2017.
Lv, M., Guo, H., Lu, X., Liu, G., Yan, S., Ruan, Z., Ding, Y., and Quincey, D. J.: Characterizing the behaviour of surge- and non-surge-type glaciers in the Kingata Mountains, eastern Pamir, from 1999 to 2016, The Cryosphere, 13, 219–236, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-219-2019, 2019.
Lv, M., Guo, H., Yan, J., Wu, K., Liu, G., Lu, X., Ruan, Z., and Yan, S.:
Distinguishing Glaciers between Surging and Advancing by Remote Sensing: A
Case Study in the Eastern Karakoram, Remote Sens., 12, 2297, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12142297, 2020.
Maurer, J. M., Schaefer, J. M., Rupper, S., and Corley, A.: Acceleration of
ice loss across the Himalayas over the past 40 years, Science Advances, 5,
eaav7266, https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aav7266, 2019.
Maussion, F., Scherer, D., Mölg, T., Collier, E., Curio, J., and
Finkelnburg, R.: Precipitation Seasonality and Variability over the Tibetan
Plateau as Resolved by the High Asia Reanalysis, J. Climate, 27, 1910–1927,
https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00282.1, 2014.
Maussion, F., Butenko, A., Champollion, N., Dusch, M., Eis, J., Fourteau, K., Gregor, P., Jarosch, A. H., Landmann, J., Oesterle, F., Recinos, B., Rothenpieler, T., Vlug, A., Wild, C. T., and Marzeion, B.: The Open Global Glacier Model (OGGM) v1.1, Geosci. Model Dev., 12, 909–931, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-909-2019, 2019.
Mukherjee, K., Bolch, T., Goerlich, F., Kutuzov, S., Osmonov, A., Pieczonka,
T., and Shesterova, I.: Surge-Type Glaciers in the Tien Shan (Central Asia),
Arct. Antarct. Alp. Res., 49, 147–171, https://doi.org/10.1657/AAAR0016-021, 2017.
Murray, T., Strozzi, T., Luckman, A., Jiskoot, H., and Christakos, P.: Is
there a single surge mechanism? Contrasts in dynamics between glacier surges
in Svalbard and other regions, J. Geophys. Res., 108, 2237, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JB001906, 2003.
Nuimura, T., Sakai, A., Taniguchi, K., Nagai, H., Lamsal, D., Tsutaki, S., Kozawa, A., Hoshina, Y., Takenaka, S., Omiya, S., Tsunematsu, K., Tshering, P., and Fujita, K.: The GAMDAM glacier inventory: a quality-controlled inventory of Asian glaciers, The Cryosphere, 9, 849–864, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-9-849-2015, 2015.
Nuth, C. and Kääb, A.: Co-registration and bias corrections of satellite elevation data sets for quantifying glacier thickness change, The Cryosphere, 5, 271–290, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-5-271-2011, 2011.
Paul, F.: Revealing glacier flow and surge dynamics from animated satellite image sequences: examples from the Karakoram, The Cryosphere, 9, 2201–2214, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-9-2201-2015, 2015.
Pieczonka, T. and Bolch, T.: Region-wide glacier mass budgets and area
changes for the Central Tien Shan between ∼ 1975 and 1999
using Hexagon KH-9 imagery, Global Planet. Change, 128, 1–13,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2014.11.014, 2015.
Purinton, B. and Bookhagen, B.: Beyond Vertical Point Accuracy: Assessing
Inter-pixel Consistency in 30 m Global DEMs for the Arid Central Andes,
Front. Earth Sci., 9, 758606, https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2021.758606, 2021.
Quincey, D. J., Braun, M., Glasser, N. F., Bishop, M. P., Hewitt, K., and
Luckman, A.: Karakoram glacier surge dynamics, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38,
L18504, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011GL049004, 2011.
Rankl, M., Kienholz, C., and Braun, M.: Glacier changes in the Karakoram region mapped by multimission satellite imagery, The Cryosphere, 8, 977–989, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-8-977-2014, 2014.
RGI Consortium: Randolph Glacier Inventory - A Dataset of Global Glacier Outlines, Version 6, National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC) [dataset], https://doi.org/10.7265/4M1F-GD79, 2017.
Rott, H., Sturm, K., and Miller, H.: Active and passive microwave signatures
of Antarctic firn by means of field measurements and satellite data, Ann.
Glaciol., 17, 337–343, https://doi.org/10.3189/S0260305500013070, 1993.
Round, V., Leinss, S., Huss, M., Haemmig, C., and Hajnsek, I.: Surge dynamics and lake outbursts of Kyagar Glacier, Karakoram, The Cryosphere, 11, 723–739, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-11-723-2017, 2017.
Sakai, A.: Brief communication: Updated GAMDAM glacier inventory over high-mountain Asia , The Cryosphere, 13, 2043–2049, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-2043-2019, 2019.
Sakai, A.: GAMDAM glacier inventory for High Mountain Asia: Central Asia in ArcGIS (shapefile) format, PANGAEA [data set], https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.891419, 2018.
Sevestre, H. and Benn, D. I.: Climatic and geometric controls on the global
distribution of surge-type glaciers: implications for a unifying model of
surging, J. Glaciol., 61, 646–662, https://doi.org/10.3189/2015JoG14J136, 2015.
Shean, D., Bhushan, S., Lilien, D., and Meyer, J.: dshean/demcoreg: Zenodo DOI release, Version v1.0.0, Zenodo [code], https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3243481, 2019.
Shean, D. E., Alexandrov, O., Moratto, Z. M., Smith, B. E., Joughin, I. R.,
Porter, C., and Morin, P.: An automated, open-source pipeline for mass
production of digital elevation models (DEMs) from very-high-resolution
commercial stereo satellite imagery, ISPRS J. Photogramm., 116, 101–117, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2016.03.012, 2016.
Shean, D. E., Bhushan, S., Montesano, P., Rounce, D. R., Arendt, A., and
Osmanoglu, B.: A Systematic, Regional Assessment of High Mountain Asia
Glacier Mass Balance, Front. Earth Sci., 7, 363,
https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2019.00363, 2020.
Surazakov, A. and Aizen, V.: Positional Accuracy Evaluation of Declassified
Hexagon KH-9 Mapping Camera Imagery, Photogramm. Eng. Remote S., 76, 603–608, https://doi.org/10.14358/PERS.76.5.603, 2010.
Thøgersen, K., Gilbert, A., Schuler, T. V., and Malthe-Sørenssen, A.:
Rate-and-state friction explains glacier surge propagation, Nat. Commun.,
10, 2823, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-10506-4, 2019.
Vale, A. B., Arnold, N. S., Rees, W. G., and Lea, J. M.: Remote Detection of
Surge-Related Glacier Terminus Change across High Mountain Asia, Remote
Sens.-Basel, 13, 1309, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13071309, 2021.
Van Wyk de Vries, M., Wickert, A. D., MacGregor, K. R., Rada, C., and
Willis, M. J.: Atypical landslide induces speedup, advance, and long-term
slowdown of a tidewater glacier, Geology, 50, 806–811, https://doi.org/10.1130/G49854.1, 2022.
Yamazaki, D., Ikeshima, D., Tawatari, R., Yamaguchi, T., O'Loughlin, F.,
Neal, J. C., Sampson, C. C., Kanae, S., and Bates, P. D.: A high-accuracy
map of global terrain elevations, Geophys. Res. Lett., 44, 5844–5853,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GL072874, 2017.
Yasuda, T. and Furuya, M.: Dynamics of surge-type glaciers in West Kunlun
Shan, Northwestern Tibet, J. Geophys. Res.-Earth, 120, 2393–2405,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JF003511, 2015.
Zhou, S., Yao, X., Zhang, D., Zhang, Y., Liu, S., and Min, Y.: Remote
Sensing Monitoring of Advancing and Surging Glaciers in the Tien Shan,
1990–2019, Remote Sens.-Basel, 13, 1973, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13101973, 2021.
Zhou, Y., Li, Z., and Li, J.: Slight glacier mass loss in the Karakoram
region during the 1970s to 2000 revealed by KH-9 images and SRTM DEM, J.
Glaciol., 63, 331–342, https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2016.142, 2017.
Zhou, Y., Li, Z., Li, J., Zhao, R., and Ding, X.: Glacier mass balance in
the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau and its surroundings from the mid-1970s to 2000
based on Hexagon KH-9 and SRTM DEMs, Remote Sens. Environ., 210, 96–112,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2018.03.020, 2018.
Short summary
We established a new inventory of surging glaciers across High Mountain Asia based on glacier elevation changes and morphological changes during 1970s–2020. A total of 890 surging and 336 probably or possibly surging glaciers were identified. Compared to the most recent inventory, this one incorporates 253 previously unidentified surging glaciers. Our results demonstrate a more widespread surge behavior in HMA and find that surging glaciers are prone to have steeper slopes than non-surging ones.
We established a new inventory of surging glaciers across High Mountain Asia based on glacier...
Special issue
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint