Articles | Volume 15, issue 7
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2841-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Special issue:
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2841-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
A new inventory of High Mountain Asia surging glaciers derived from multiple elevation datasets since the 1970s
School of Geo-science and Info-physics, Central South University,
Changsha, 410083, China
Jia Li
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
School of Geo-science and Info-physics, Central South University,
Changsha, 410083, China
Amaury Dehecq
IRD, CNRS, Grenoble INP, IGE, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, 38000, France
Zhiwei Li
School of Geo-science and Info-physics, Central South University,
Changsha, 410083, China
Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences,
Beijing, 100101, China
Jianjun Zhu
School of Geo-science and Info-physics, Central South University,
Changsha, 410083, China
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Cited
33 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Surge Mechanisms of Garmo Glacier: Integrating Multi-Source Data for Insights into Acceleration and Hydrological Control K. Wu et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16244619
- Multi-temporal elevation changes of Fedchenko Glacier, Tajikistan, from 1928 to 2021 F. Brun et al. https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2024.101
- Recent giant detachment of a glacier on the Tibetan plateau provoked by its frozen tongue A. Kääb et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-025-03125-z
- Remote-sensing characterization of surging glaciers in High Mountain Asia in the past two decades L. Ke et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2024.1499882
- Mapping spatial patterns of glacier elevation changes and mass balance between 2000–2023 across the Karakoram-Himalayan Range S. Bhattacharjee et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-025-12307-z
- A Systematic Retrospection and Reflections on Main Glacial Hazards of the Tibetan Plateau C. Gu et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs17111862
- Satellite-observed surging dynamics of North Kunchhang Glacier I in the Eastern Karakoram F. Zhao et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-20-2143-2026
- Dynamic difference between surging and normal glaciers in the context of climate change: Insights from multi-source remote sensing Y. Gao et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2025.102990
- Three-Dimensional Surface Motion Displacement Estimation of the Muz Taw Glacier, Sawir Mountains Y. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16224326
- Topography and accumulation rate as controls of asynchronous surging behaviour in the eastern and western branches of the Western Kunlun Glacier, Northwestern Tibetan Plateau Y. Gao et al. https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2024.2353112
- Global detection of glacier surges from surface velocities, elevation change and SAR backscatter data between 2000 and 2024: a test of surge mechanism theories G. Guillet et al. https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2025.10065
- Hydrological control of the surging behaviour of the Ghujerab River Head Glacier, Karakoram (2019–2023): Insights from high-temporal-resolution remote sensing monitoring J. Mu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2024.101768
- Remote Sensing and Modeling of the Cryosphere in High Mountain Asia: A Multidisciplinary Review Q. Ye et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16101709
- Future projections of glacier mass change in High Mountain Asia using GRACE and climatemodel data J. Dharpure et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-39404-8
- Glacier type transformation trends in China over 1981–2019 based on Shi‒Xie classification framework Y. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accre.2026.04.005
- Glacier surging and surge-related hazards in a changing climate H. Lovell et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43017-025-00757-9
- Glacier surge monitoring from temporally dense elevation time series: application to an ASTER dataset over the Karakoram region L. Beraud et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-5075-2025
- Annual and Seasonal Variations in Glacier Velocity, and Surging Glaciers in the West Kunlun Mountain Z. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTARS.2024.3408451
- Quantifying glacier surging and associated lake dynamics in Amu Darya river basin using UAV and remote sensing data M. Safarov et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11629-023-8538-z
- Multi-Sensor Analysis of Predicted and Observed Glacier Instabilities in the Hissar–Alay of Central Asia E. Mattea et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs18050699
- Spatiotemporally Heterogeneous Impact of Proglacial Lake on Himalayan Glacier Dynamics Revealed by Multisource Remote Sensing X. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTARS.2026.3664708
- Glacial hazards change in Xinjiang over the past seven decades: Spatiotemporal patterns and trends M. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2025.109183
- A comprehensive approach to predicting low-angle glacier detachment-induced river damming: Insights from the Zelunglung Glacier Z. Feng et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrmge.2025.11.013
- Integrating a laminar-flow inversion with random-cell interpolation for glacier ice thickness: an application to the Western Kunlun Mountains Z. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11629-025-9508-4
- Surge-type glacier activity in the Tajik Pamirs from 2000 to 2024 M. Safarov et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2026.105543
- Characteristics of Musta Glacier surges and their responses to climate change between 1976 and 2023 Y. Gao et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accre.2024.12.007
- Mechanisms of glacier surges in the Central Himalayas uncovered using remote sensing and glacier modelling Y. Gao et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2025.109816
- Weakening of regional contrasts in glacier changes around the Tarim Basin in the early 21st century X. Xu et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-025-01173-y
- Different glacier surge patterns revealed by Sentinel-2 imagery derived quasi-monthly flow velocity at west Kunlun Shan, Karakoram, Hindu Kush and Pamir G. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2024.114298
- Spatiotemporal dynamics and hydro-topographical drivers of glacier surges in the Tomur-Khan Tengri, Central Tienshan B. Yang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2026.105538
- Global 0.05° Grid-Based Dataset of Keyhole Imagery with Spatio-Temporal Indicators (1960–1984) T. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-026-06866-4
- Erosional dam breach modelling for multi-glacial lake outburst process and downstream flood exposure assessment in the Eastern Himalayas A. Chowdhury et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.132417
- Manifestations of a glacier surge in central Himalaya using multi-temporal satellite data V. Kumar et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-024-35679-4
33 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Surge Mechanisms of Garmo Glacier: Integrating Multi-Source Data for Insights into Acceleration and Hydrological Control K. Wu et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16244619
- Multi-temporal elevation changes of Fedchenko Glacier, Tajikistan, from 1928 to 2021 F. Brun et al. https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2024.101
- Recent giant detachment of a glacier on the Tibetan plateau provoked by its frozen tongue A. Kääb et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-025-03125-z
- Remote-sensing characterization of surging glaciers in High Mountain Asia in the past two decades L. Ke et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2024.1499882
- Mapping spatial patterns of glacier elevation changes and mass balance between 2000–2023 across the Karakoram-Himalayan Range S. Bhattacharjee et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-025-12307-z
- A Systematic Retrospection and Reflections on Main Glacial Hazards of the Tibetan Plateau C. Gu et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs17111862
- Satellite-observed surging dynamics of North Kunchhang Glacier I in the Eastern Karakoram F. Zhao et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-20-2143-2026
- Dynamic difference between surging and normal glaciers in the context of climate change: Insights from multi-source remote sensing Y. Gao et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2025.102990
- Three-Dimensional Surface Motion Displacement Estimation of the Muz Taw Glacier, Sawir Mountains Y. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16224326
- Topography and accumulation rate as controls of asynchronous surging behaviour in the eastern and western branches of the Western Kunlun Glacier, Northwestern Tibetan Plateau Y. Gao et al. https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2024.2353112
- Global detection of glacier surges from surface velocities, elevation change and SAR backscatter data between 2000 and 2024: a test of surge mechanism theories G. Guillet et al. https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2025.10065
- Hydrological control of the surging behaviour of the Ghujerab River Head Glacier, Karakoram (2019–2023): Insights from high-temporal-resolution remote sensing monitoring J. Mu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2024.101768
- Remote Sensing and Modeling of the Cryosphere in High Mountain Asia: A Multidisciplinary Review Q. Ye et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16101709
- Future projections of glacier mass change in High Mountain Asia using GRACE and climatemodel data J. Dharpure et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-39404-8
- Glacier type transformation trends in China over 1981–2019 based on Shi‒Xie classification framework Y. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accre.2026.04.005
- Glacier surging and surge-related hazards in a changing climate H. Lovell et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43017-025-00757-9
- Glacier surge monitoring from temporally dense elevation time series: application to an ASTER dataset over the Karakoram region L. Beraud et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-5075-2025
- Annual and Seasonal Variations in Glacier Velocity, and Surging Glaciers in the West Kunlun Mountain Z. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTARS.2024.3408451
- Quantifying glacier surging and associated lake dynamics in Amu Darya river basin using UAV and remote sensing data M. Safarov et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11629-023-8538-z
- Multi-Sensor Analysis of Predicted and Observed Glacier Instabilities in the Hissar–Alay of Central Asia E. Mattea et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs18050699
- Spatiotemporally Heterogeneous Impact of Proglacial Lake on Himalayan Glacier Dynamics Revealed by Multisource Remote Sensing X. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTARS.2026.3664708
- Glacial hazards change in Xinjiang over the past seven decades: Spatiotemporal patterns and trends M. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2025.109183
- A comprehensive approach to predicting low-angle glacier detachment-induced river damming: Insights from the Zelunglung Glacier Z. Feng et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrmge.2025.11.013
- Integrating a laminar-flow inversion with random-cell interpolation for glacier ice thickness: an application to the Western Kunlun Mountains Z. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11629-025-9508-4
- Surge-type glacier activity in the Tajik Pamirs from 2000 to 2024 M. Safarov et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2026.105543
- Characteristics of Musta Glacier surges and their responses to climate change between 1976 and 2023 Y. Gao et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accre.2024.12.007
- Mechanisms of glacier surges in the Central Himalayas uncovered using remote sensing and glacier modelling Y. Gao et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2025.109816
- Weakening of regional contrasts in glacier changes around the Tarim Basin in the early 21st century X. Xu et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-025-01173-y
- Different glacier surge patterns revealed by Sentinel-2 imagery derived quasi-monthly flow velocity at west Kunlun Shan, Karakoram, Hindu Kush and Pamir G. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2024.114298
- Spatiotemporal dynamics and hydro-topographical drivers of glacier surges in the Tomur-Khan Tengri, Central Tienshan B. Yang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2026.105538
- Global 0.05° Grid-Based Dataset of Keyhole Imagery with Spatio-Temporal Indicators (1960–1984) T. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-026-06866-4
- Erosional dam breach modelling for multi-glacial lake outburst process and downstream flood exposure assessment in the Eastern Himalayas A. Chowdhury et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.132417
- Manifestations of a glacier surge in central Himalaya using multi-temporal satellite data V. Kumar et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-024-35679-4
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 05 Jun 2026
Short summary
We established a new inventory of surging glaciers across High Mountain Asia based on glacier elevation changes and morphological changes during 1970s–2020. A total of 890 surging and 336 probably or possibly surging glaciers were identified. Compared to the most recent inventory, this one incorporates 253 previously unidentified surging glaciers. Our results demonstrate a more widespread surge behavior in HMA and find that surging glaciers are prone to have steeper slopes than non-surging ones.
We established a new inventory of surging glaciers across High Mountain Asia based on glacier...
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