Articles | Volume 15, issue 12
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-5701-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-5701-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Data description paper
| 
18 Dec 2023
Data description paper |
| 18 Dec 2023
| 18 Dec 2023
The Western Channel Observatory: a century of physical, chemical and biological data compiled from pelagic and benthic habitats in the western English Channel
Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, Plymouth, PL1 3DH, UK
Angus Atkinson
Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, Plymouth, PL1 3DH, UK
Ruth L. Airs
Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, Plymouth, PL1 3DH, UK
Rachel Brittain
The Marine Biological Association, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth, PL1 2PB, UK
Ian Brown
Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, Plymouth, PL1 3DH, UK
Elaine S. Fileman
Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, Plymouth, PL1 3DH, UK
Helen S. Findlay
Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, Plymouth, PL1 3DH, UK
Caroline L. McNeill
Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, Plymouth, PL1 3DH, UK
Clare Ostle
The Marine Biological Association, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth, PL1 2PB, UK
Tim J. Smyth
Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, Plymouth, PL1 3DH, UK
Paul J. Somerfield
Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, Plymouth, PL1 3DH, UK
deceased
Karen Tait
Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, Plymouth, PL1 3DH, UK
Glen A. Tarran
Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, Plymouth, PL1 3DH, UK
Simon Thomas
Department of Environment and Geography, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
Claire E. Widdicombe
Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, Plymouth, PL1 3DH, UK
E. Malcolm S. Woodward
Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, Plymouth, PL1 3DH, UK
Amanda Beesley
Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, Plymouth, PL1 3DH, UK
David V. P. Conway
The Marine Biological Association, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth, PL1 2PB, UK
James Fishwick
Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, Plymouth, PL1 3DH, UK
Hannah Haines
Sorbonne University, Paris, France
Carolyn Harris
Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, Plymouth, PL1 3DH, UK
Roger Harris
Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, Plymouth, PL1 3DH, UK
Pierre Hélaouët
The Marine Biological Association, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth, PL1 2PB, UK
David Johns
The Marine Biological Association, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth, PL1 2PB, UK
Penelope K. Lindeque
Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, Plymouth, PL1 3DH, UK
Thomas Mesher
Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, Plymouth, PL1 3DH, UK
Abigail McQuatters-Gollop
Marine Conservation Research Group, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
Joana Nunes
Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, Plymouth, PL1 3DH, UK
Frances Perry
The Marine Biological Association, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth, PL1 2PB, UK
Ana M. Queiros
Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, Plymouth, PL1 3DH, UK
Andrew Rees
Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, Plymouth, PL1 3DH, UK
Saskia Rühl
Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, Plymouth, PL1 3DH, UK
David Sims
The Marine Biological Association, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth, PL1 2PB, UK
Ricardo Torres
Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, Plymouth, PL1 3DH, UK
Stephen Widdicombe
Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, Plymouth, PL1 3DH, UK
Related authors
No articles found.
Paul Dees, Friederike Fröb, Beatriz Arellano-Nava, David G. Johns, and Christoph Heinze
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-470, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-470, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Ocean Science (OS).
Short summary
Short summary
In this paper we describe a novel methodology to automate the estimation of ecological regime shift probability in a single time series. We have applied this new methodology to the continuous plankton recorder dataset in the North Sea, and shown how the model is able to estimate the likelihood of a regime shift using abundance data of multiple phytoplankton and zooplankton species.
Thomas M. Jordan, Giorgio Dall'Olmo, Gavin Tilstone, Robert J. W. Brewin, Francesco Nencioli, Ruth Airs, Crystal S. Thomas, and Louise Schlüter
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 17, 493–516, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-493-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-493-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We present a compilation of water optical properties and phytoplankton pigments from the surface of the Atlantic Ocean collected during nine cruises between 2009 and 2019. We derive continuous Chlorophyll a concentrations (a biomass proxy) from water absorption. We then illustrate geographical variations and relationships for water optical properties, Chlorophyll a, and other pigments. The dataset will be useful to researchers in ocean optics, remote sensing, ecology, and biogeochemistry.
Claire Mahaffey, Noelle Held, Korinne Kunde, Clare Davis, Neil Wyatt, Matthew McIlvin, Malcolm Woodward, Lewis Wrightson, Alessandro Tagliabue, Maeve Lohan, and Mak Saito
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3987, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3987, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Biogeosciences (BG).
Short summary
Short summary
Picocyanobacteria fix over 50 % of carbon in the subtropical ocean, but which nutrients control their growth and activity? Using a states, rates and metaproteomic approach alongside targeted proteomics in experiments, we reveal picocyanobacteria are phosphorus stressed in the west Atlantic and nitrogen stressed in east Atlantic. We find evidence for trace metal and organic phosphorus control on alkaline phosphatase activity.
Alex T. Archibald, Bablu Sinha, Maria R. Russo, Emily Matthews, Freya A. Squires, N. Luke Abraham, Stephane J.-B. Bauguitte, Thomas J. Bannan, Thomas G. Bell, David Berry, Lucy J. Carpenter, Hugh Coe, Andrew Coward, Peter Edwards, Daniel Feltham, Dwayne Heard, Jim Hopkins, James Keeble, Elizabeth C. Kent, Brian A. King, Isobel R. Lawrence, James Lee, Claire R. Macintosh, Alex Megann, Bengamin I. Moat, Katie Read, Chris Reed, Malcolm J. Roberts, Reinhard Schiemann, David Schroeder, Timothy J. Smyth, Loren Temple, Navaneeth Thamban, Lisa Whalley, Simon Williams, Huihui Wu, and Mingxi Yang
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 17, 135–164, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-135-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-135-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Here, we present an overview of the data generated as part of the North Atlantic Climate System Integrated Study (ACSIS) programme that are available through dedicated repositories at the Centre for Environmental Data Analysis (CEDA; www.ceda.ac.uk) and the British Oceanographic Data Centre (BODC; bodc.ac.uk). The datasets described here cover the North Atlantic Ocean, the atmosphere above (it including its composition), and Arctic sea ice.
Pearse J. Buchanan, Juan J. Pierella Karlusich, Robyn E. Tuerena, Roxana Shafiee, E. Malcolm S. Woodward, Chris Bowler, and Alessandro Tagliabue
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3639, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3639, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Biogeosciences (BG).
Short summary
Short summary
Ammonium is a form of nitrogen that may become more important for growth of marine primary producers (i.e., phytoplankton) in the future. Because some phytoplankton taxa have a greater affinity for ammonium than others, the relative increase in ammonium could cause shifts in community composition. We quantify ammonium enrichment, identify its drivers, and isolate the possible effect on phytoplankton community composition under a high emissions scenario.
Robert J. Wilson, Yuri Artioli, Giovanni Galli, James Harle, Jason Holt, Ana M. Queiros, and Sarah Wakelin
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3810, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3810, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Marine heatwaves are of growing concern around the world. We use a state of the art ensemble of downscaled climate models to project how often heatwaves will occur in future across northwest Europe under a high-emissions scenario. The projections show that without emissions reductions, heatwaves will occur more than half of the time in future. We show that the seafloor is expected to experience much more frequent heatwaves than the sea surface in future.
John Prytherch, Sonja Murto, Ian Brown, Adam Ulfsbo, Brett F. Thornton, Volker Brüchert, Michael Tjernström, Anna Lunde Hermansson, Amanda T. Nylund, and Lina A. Holthusen
Biogeosciences, 21, 671–688, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-671-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-671-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We directly measured methane and carbon dioxide exchange between ocean or sea ice and the atmosphere during an icebreaker-based expedition to the central Arctic Ocean (CAO) in summer 2021. These measurements can help constrain climate models and carbon budgets. The methane measurements, the first such made in the CAO, are lower than previous estimates and imply that the CAO is an insignificant contributor to Arctic methane emission. Gas exchange rates are slower than previous estimates.
Clare Lewis, Tim Smyth, Jess Neumann, and Hannah Cloke
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 121–131, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-121-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-121-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Meteotsunami are the result of atmospheric disturbances and can impact coastlines causing injury, loss of life, and damage to assets. This paper introduces a novel intensity index to allow for the quantification of these events at the shoreline. This has the potential to assist in the field of natural hazard assessment. It was trialled in the UK but designed for global applicability and to become a widely accepted standard in coastal planning, meteotsunami forecasting, and early warning systems.
Clare Lewis, Tim Smyth, David Williams, Jess Neumann, and Hannah Cloke
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 2531–2546, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-2531-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-2531-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Meteotsunami are globally occurring water waves initiated by atmospheric disturbances. Previous research has suggested that in the UK, meteotsunami are a rare phenomenon and tend to occur in the summer months. This article presents a revised and updated catalogue of 98 meteotsunami that occurred between 1750 and 2022. Results also demonstrate a larger percentage of winter events and a geographical pattern highlighting the
hotspotregions that experience these events.
Peter Edward Land, Helen S. Findlay, Jamie D. Shutler, Jean-Francois Piolle, Richard Sims, Hannah Green, Vassilis Kitidis, Alexander Polukhin, and Irina I. Pipko
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 921–947, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-921-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-921-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Measurements of the ocean’s carbonate system (e.g. CO2 and pH) have increased greatly in recent years, resulting in a need to combine these data with satellite measurements and model results, so they can be used to test predictions of how the ocean reacts to changes such as absorption of the CO2 emitted by humans. We show a method of combining data into regions of interest (100 km circles over a 10 d period) and apply it globally to produce a harmonised and easy-to-use data archive.
André Valente, Shubha Sathyendranath, Vanda Brotas, Steve Groom, Michael Grant, Thomas Jackson, Andrei Chuprin, Malcolm Taberner, Ruth Airs, David Antoine, Robert Arnone, William M. Balch, Kathryn Barker, Ray Barlow, Simon Bélanger, Jean-François Berthon, Şükrü Beşiktepe, Yngve Borsheim, Astrid Bracher, Vittorio Brando, Robert J. W. Brewin, Elisabetta Canuti, Francisco P. Chavez, Andrés Cianca, Hervé Claustre, Lesley Clementson, Richard Crout, Afonso Ferreira, Scott Freeman, Robert Frouin, Carlos García-Soto, Stuart W. Gibb, Ralf Goericke, Richard Gould, Nathalie Guillocheau, Stanford B. Hooker, Chuamin Hu, Mati Kahru, Milton Kampel, Holger Klein, Susanne Kratzer, Raphael Kudela, Jesus Ledesma, Steven Lohrenz, Hubert Loisel, Antonio Mannino, Victor Martinez-Vicente, Patricia Matrai, David McKee, Brian G. Mitchell, Tiffany Moisan, Enrique Montes, Frank Muller-Karger, Aimee Neeley, Michael Novak, Leonie O'Dowd, Michael Ondrusek, Trevor Platt, Alex J. Poulton, Michel Repecaud, Rüdiger Röttgers, Thomas Schroeder, Timothy Smyth, Denise Smythe-Wright, Heidi M. Sosik, Crystal Thomas, Rob Thomas, Gavin Tilstone, Andreia Tracana, Michael Twardowski, Vincenzo Vellucci, Kenneth Voss, Jeremy Werdell, Marcel Wernand, Bozena Wojtasiewicz, Simon Wright, and Giuseppe Zibordi
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 5737–5770, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-5737-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-5737-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
A compiled set of in situ data is vital to evaluate the quality of ocean-colour satellite data records. Here we describe the global compilation of bio-optical in situ data (spanning from 1997 to 2021) used for the validation of the ocean-colour products from the ESA Ocean Colour Climate Change Initiative (OC-CCI). The compilation merges and harmonizes several in situ data sources into a simple format that could be used directly for the evaluation of satellite-derived ocean-colour data.
Benjamin R. Loveday, Timothy Smyth, Anıl Akpinar, Tom Hull, Mark E. Inall, Jan Kaiser, Bastien Y. Queste, Matt Tobermann, Charlotte A. J. Williams, and Matthew R. Palmer
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 3997–4016, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-3997-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-3997-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Using a new approach to combine autonomous underwater glider data and satellite Earth observations, we have generated a 19-month time series of North Sea net primary productivity – the rate at which phytoplankton absorbs carbon dioxide minus that lost through respiration. This time series, which spans 13 gliders, allows for new investigations into small-scale, high-frequency variability in the biogeochemical processes that underpin the carbon cycle and coastal marine ecosystems in shelf seas.
James P. J. Ward, Katharine R. Hendry, Sandra Arndt, Johan C. Faust, Felipe S. Freitas, Sian F. Henley, Jeffrey W. Krause, Christian März, Allyson C. Tessin, and Ruth L. Airs
Biogeosciences, 19, 3445–3467, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3445-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3445-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The seafloor plays an important role in the cycling of silicon (Si), a key nutrient that promotes marine primary productivity. In our model study, we disentangle major controls on the seafloor Si cycle to better anticipate the impacts of continued warming and sea ice melt in the Barents Sea. We uncover a coupling of the iron redox and Si cycles, dissolution of lithogenic silicates, and authigenic clay formation, comprising a Si sink that could have implications for the Arctic Ocean Si budget.
Richard P. Sims, Michael Bedington, Ute Schuster, Andrew J. Watson, Vassilis Kitidis, Ricardo Torres, Helen S. Findlay, James R. Fishwick, Ian Brown, and Thomas G. Bell
Biogeosciences, 19, 1657–1674, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1657-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1657-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) being absorbed by the ocean is relevant to the earth's climate. CO2 values in the coastal ocean and estuaries are not well known because of the instrumentation used. We used a new approach to measure CO2 across the coastal and estuarine zone. We found that CO2 and salinity were linked to the state of the tide. We used our CO2 measurements and model salinity to predict CO2. Previous studies overestimate how much CO2 the coastal ocean draws down at our site.
Darren R. Clark, Andrew P. Rees, Charissa M. Ferrera, Lisa Al-Moosawi, Paul J. Somerfield, Carolyn Harris, Graham D. Quartly, Stephen Goult, Glen Tarran, and Gennadi Lessin
Biogeosciences, 19, 1355–1376, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1355-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1355-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Measurements of microbial processes were made in the sunlit open ocean during a research cruise (AMT19) between the UK and Chile. These help us to understand how microbial communities maintain the function of remote ecosystems. We find that the nitrogen cycling microbes which produce nitrite respond to changes in the environment. Our insights will aid the development of models that aim to replicate and ultimately project how marine environments may respond to ongoing climate change.
Clare Ostle, Kevin Paxman, Carolyn A. Graves, Mathew Arnold, Luis Felipe Artigas, Angus Atkinson, Anaïs Aubert, Malcolm Baptie, Beth Bear, Jacob Bedford, Michael Best, Eileen Bresnan, Rachel Brittain, Derek Broughton, Alexandre Budria, Kathryn Cook, Michelle Devlin, George Graham, Nick Halliday, Pierre Hélaouët, Marie Johansen, David G. Johns, Dan Lear, Margarita Machairopoulou, April McKinney, Adam Mellor, Alex Milligan, Sophie Pitois, Isabelle Rombouts, Cordula Scherer, Paul Tett, Claire Widdicombe, and Abigail McQuatters-Gollop
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 5617–5642, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-5617-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-5617-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Plankton form the base of the marine food web and are sensitive indicators of environmental change. The Plankton Lifeform Extraction Tool brings together disparate plankton datasets into a central database from which it extracts abundance time series of plankton functional groups, called
lifeforms, according to shared biological traits. This tool has been designed to make complex plankton datasets accessible and meaningful for policy, public interest, and scientific discovery.
Sebastian Landwehr, Michele Volpi, F. Alexander Haumann, Charlotte M. Robinson, Iris Thurnherr, Valerio Ferracci, Andrea Baccarini, Jenny Thomas, Irina Gorodetskaya, Christian Tatzelt, Silvia Henning, Rob L. Modini, Heather J. Forrer, Yajuan Lin, Nicolas Cassar, Rafel Simó, Christel Hassler, Alireza Moallemi, Sarah E. Fawcett, Neil Harris, Ruth Airs, Marzieh H. Derkani, Alberto Alberello, Alessandro Toffoli, Gang Chen, Pablo Rodríguez-Ros, Marina Zamanillo, Pau Cortés-Greus, Lei Xue, Conor G. Bolas, Katherine C. Leonard, Fernando Perez-Cruz, David Walton, and Julia Schmale
Earth Syst. Dynam., 12, 1295–1369, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-12-1295-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-12-1295-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The Antarctic Circumnavigation Expedition surveyed a large number of variables describing the dynamic state of ocean and atmosphere, freshwater cycle, atmospheric chemistry, ocean biogeochemistry, and microbiology in the Southern Ocean. To reduce the dimensionality of the dataset, we apply a sparse principal component analysis and identify temporal patterns from diurnal to seasonal cycles, as well as geographical gradients and
hotspotsof interaction. Code and data are open access.
Neil J. Wyatt, Angela Milne, Eric P. Achterberg, Thomas J. Browning, Heather A. Bouman, E. Malcolm S. Woodward, and Maeve C. Lohan
Biogeosciences, 18, 4265–4280, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-4265-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-4265-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Using data collected during two expeditions to the South Atlantic Ocean, we investigated how the interaction between external sources and biological activity influenced the availability of the trace metals zinc and cobalt. This is important as both metals play essential roles in the metabolism and growth of phytoplankton and thus influence primary productivity of the oceans. We found seasonal changes in both processes that helped explain upper-ocean trace metal cycling.
Yu-Te Hsieh, Walter Geibert, E. Malcolm S. Woodward, Neil J. Wyatt, Maeve C. Lohan, Eric P. Achterberg, and Gideon M. Henderson
Biogeosciences, 18, 1645–1671, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1645-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1645-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The South Atlantic near 40° S is one of the high-productivity and most dynamic nutrient regions in the oceans, but the sources and fluxes of trace elements (TEs) to this region remain unclear. This study investigates seawater Ra-228 and provides important constraints on ocean mixing and dissolved TE fluxes to this region. Vertical mixing is a more important source than aeolian or shelf inputs in this region, but particulate or winter deep-mixing inputs may be required to balance the TE budgets.
Fuminori Hashihama, Hiroaki Saito, Taketoshi Kodama, Saori Yasui-Tamura, Jota Kanda, Iwao Tanita, Hiroshi Ogawa, E. Malcolm S. Woodward, Philip W. Boyd, and Ken Furuya
Biogeosciences, 18, 897–915, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-897-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-897-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated the nutrient assimilation characteristics of deep-water-induced phytoplankton blooms across the subtropical North and South Pacific Ocean. Nutrient drawdown ratios of dissolved inorganic nitrogen to phosphate were anomalously low in the western North Pacific, likely due to the high phosphate uptake capability of low-phosphate-adapted phytoplankton. The anomalous phosphate uptake might influence the maintenance of chronic phosphate depletion in the western North Pacific.
Charel Wohl, Ian Brown, Vassilis Kitidis, Anna E. Jones, William T. Sturges, Philip D. Nightingale, and Mingxi Yang
Biogeosciences, 17, 2593–2619, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2593-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2593-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The oceans represent a poorly understood source of organic carbon to the atmosphere. In this paper, we present ship-based measurements of specific compounds in ambient air and seawater of the Southern Ocean. We present fluxes of these gases between air and sea at very high resolution. The data also contain evidence for day and night variations in some of these compounds. These measurements can be used to better understand the role of the Southern Ocean in the cycling of these compounds.
Noelle A. Held, Eric A. Webb, Matthew M. McIlvin, David A. Hutchins, Natalie R. Cohen, Dawn M. Moran, Korinna Kunde, Maeve C. Lohan, Claire Mahaffey, E. Malcolm S. Woodward, and Mak A. Saito
Biogeosciences, 17, 2537–2551, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2537-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2537-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Trichodesmium is a globally important marine nitrogen fixer that stimulates primary production in the surface ocean. We surveyed metaproteomes of Trichodesmium populations across the North Atlantic and other oceans, and we found that they experience simultaneous phosphate and iron stress because of the biophysical limits of nutrient uptake. Importantly, nitrogenase was most abundant during co-stress, indicating the potential importance of this phenotype to global nitrogen and carbon cycling.
Thomas Holding, Ian G. Ashton, Jamie D. Shutler, Peter E. Land, Philip D. Nightingale, Andrew P. Rees, Ian Brown, Jean-Francois Piolle, Annette Kock, Hermann W. Bange, David K. Woolf, Lonneke Goddijn-Murphy, Ryan Pereira, Frederic Paul, Fanny Girard-Ardhuin, Bertrand Chapron, Gregor Rehder, Fabrice Ardhuin, and Craig J. Donlon
Ocean Sci., 15, 1707–1728, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-15-1707-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-15-1707-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
FluxEngine is an open-source software toolbox designed to allow for the easy and accurate calculation of air–sea gas fluxes. This article describes new functionality and capabilities, which include the ability to calculate fluxes for nitrous oxide and methane, optimisation for running FluxEngine on a stand-alone desktop computer, and extensive new features to support the in situ measurement community. Four research case studies are used to demonstrate these new features.
André Valente, Shubha Sathyendranath, Vanda Brotas, Steve Groom, Michael Grant, Malcolm Taberner, David Antoine, Robert Arnone, William M. Balch, Kathryn Barker, Ray Barlow, Simon Bélanger, Jean-François Berthon, Şükrü Beşiktepe, Yngve Borsheim, Astrid Bracher, Vittorio Brando, Elisabetta Canuti, Francisco Chavez, Andrés Cianca, Hervé Claustre, Lesley Clementson, Richard Crout, Robert Frouin, Carlos García-Soto, Stuart W. Gibb, Richard Gould, Stanford B. Hooker, Mati Kahru, Milton Kampel, Holger Klein, Susanne Kratzer, Raphael Kudela, Jesus Ledesma, Hubert Loisel, Patricia Matrai, David McKee, Brian G. Mitchell, Tiffany Moisan, Frank Muller-Karger, Leonie O'Dowd, Michael Ondrusek, Trevor Platt, Alex J. Poulton, Michel Repecaud, Thomas Schroeder, Timothy Smyth, Denise Smythe-Wright, Heidi M. Sosik, Michael Twardowski, Vincenzo Vellucci, Kenneth Voss, Jeremy Werdell, Marcel Wernand, Simon Wright, and Giuseppe Zibordi
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 11, 1037–1068, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-1037-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-1037-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
A compiled set of in situ data is useful to evaluate the quality of ocean-colour satellite data records. Here we describe the compilation of global bio-optical in situ data (spanning from 1997 to 2018) used for the validation of the ocean-colour products from the ESA Ocean Colour Climate Change Initiative (OC-CCI). The compilation merges and harmonizes several in situ data sources into a simple format that could be used directly for the evaluation of satellite-derived ocean-colour data.
Huw W. Lewis, John Siddorn, Juan Manuel Castillo Sanchez, Jon Petch, John M. Edwards, and Tim Smyth
Ocean Sci., 15, 761–778, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-15-761-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-15-761-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Oceans are modified at the surface by winds and by the exchange of heat with the atmosphere. The effect of changing atmospheric information that is available to drive an ocean model of north-west Europe, which can simulate small-scale details of the ocean state, is tested. We show that simulated temperatures agree better with observations located near the coast around the south-west UK when using data from a high-resolution atmospheric model, and when atmosphere and ocean feedbacks are included.
Mingxi Yang, Thomas G. Bell, Ian J. Brown, James R. Fishwick, Vassilis Kitidis, Philip D. Nightingale, Andrew P. Rees, and Timothy J. Smyth
Biogeosciences, 16, 961–978, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-961-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-961-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We quantify the emissions and uptake of the greenhouse gases carbon dioxide and methane from the coastal seas of the UK over 1 year using the state-of-the-art eddy covariance technique. Our measurements show how these air–sea fluxes vary twice a day (tidal), diurnally (circadian) and seasonally. We also estimate the air–sea gas transfer velocity, which is essential for modelling and predicting coastal air-sea exchange.
Benjamin Roger Loveday and Timothy Smyth
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 10, 2043–2054, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-2043-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-2043-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
A 40-year data set of ocean reflectance is derived from an atmospherically corrected climate quality record of top-of-atmosphere signals taken from the satellite-based AVHRR sensor. The data set provides a unique view of visible changes in the global ocean over timescales where climatic effects are demonstrable and spans coverage gaps left by more traditional satellite ocean colour sensors. It is particularly relevant to monitoring bright plankton blooms, such as coccolithophores.
Chris J. Daniels, Alex J. Poulton, William M. Balch, Emilio Marañón, Tim Adey, Bruce C. Bowler, Pedro Cermeño, Anastasia Charalampopoulou, David W. Crawford, Dave Drapeau, Yuanyuan Feng, Ana Fernández, Emilio Fernández, Glaucia M. Fragoso, Natalia González, Lisa M. Graziano, Rachel Heslop, Patrick M. Holligan, Jason Hopkins, María Huete-Ortega, David A. Hutchins, Phoebe J. Lam, Michael S. Lipsen, Daffne C. López-Sandoval, Socratis Loucaides, Adrian Marchetti, Kyle M. J. Mayers, Andrew P. Rees, Cristina Sobrino, Eithne Tynan, and Toby Tyrrell
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 10, 1859–1876, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-1859-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-1859-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Calcifying marine algae (coccolithophores) are key to oceanic biogeochemical processes, such as calcium carbonate production and export. We compile a global database of calcium carbonate production from field samples (n = 2756), alongside primary production rates and coccolithophore abundance. Basic statistical analysis highlights global distribution, average surface and integrated rates, patterns with depth and the importance of considering cell-normalised rates as a simple physiological index.
Samuel T. Wilson, Hermann W. Bange, Damian L. Arévalo-Martínez, Jonathan Barnes, Alberto V. Borges, Ian Brown, John L. Bullister, Macarena Burgos, David W. Capelle, Michael Casso, Mercedes de la Paz, Laura Farías, Lindsay Fenwick, Sara Ferrón, Gerardo Garcia, Michael Glockzin, David M. Karl, Annette Kock, Sarah Laperriere, Cliff S. Law, Cara C. Manning, Andrew Marriner, Jukka-Pekka Myllykangas, John W. Pohlman, Andrew P. Rees, Alyson E. Santoro, Philippe D. Tortell, Robert C. Upstill-Goddard, David P. Wisegarver, Gui-Ling Zhang, and Gregor Rehder
Biogeosciences, 15, 5891–5907, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-5891-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-5891-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
To determine the variability between independent measurements of dissolved methane and nitrous oxide, seawater samples were analyzed by multiple laboratories. The results revealed the influences of the different parts of the analytical process, from the initial sample collection to the calculation of the final concentrations. Recommendations are made to improve dissolved methane and nitrous oxide measurements to help preclude future analytical discrepancies between laboratories.
Christian Schlosser, Katrin Schmidt, Alfred Aquilina, William B. Homoky, Maxi Castrillejo, Rachel A. Mills, Matthew D. Patey, Sophie Fielding, Angus Atkinson, and Eric P. Achterberg
Biogeosciences, 15, 4973–4993, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-4973-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-4973-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Iron (Fe) emanating from the South Georgia shelf system fuels large phytoplankton blooms downstream of the island. However, the actual supply mechanisms of Fe are unclear. We found that shelf-sediment-derived iron and iron released from Antarctic krill control the Fe distribution in the shelf waters around South Georgia. The majority of the Fe appears to be derived from recycling of Fe-enriched particles that are transported with the water masses into the bloom region.
Matthew Keys, Gavin Tilstone, Helen S. Findlay, Claire E. Widdicombe, and Tracy Lawson
Biogeosciences, 15, 3203–3222, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-3203-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-3203-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
We conducted a microcosm experiment on a natural phytoplankton community under year 2100 predicted CO2 concentrations and temperature. Biomass and photosynthetic rates were significantly increased by elevated CO2 and elevated temperature. In contrast, the combined influence of these two factors had little effect. This suggests coastal phytoplankton productivity may not be influenced by future conditions. However, the combined influence promoted the greatest diversity and increased HAB species.
Katrin Schmidt, Thomas A. Brown, Simon T. Belt, Louise C. Ireland, Kyle W. R. Taylor, Sally E. Thorpe, Peter Ward, and Angus Atkinson
Biogeosciences, 15, 1987–2006, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-1987-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-1987-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Sea ice cover is declining across the polar regions, but its importance for the food webs is largely unknown. We used certain diatom metabolites to trace ice-derived and ice-conditioned algae production within pelagic grazers. Our results show that zooplankton can feed on ice algae long after their release into the water column, and that the marginal ice zone can act as an important feeding ground. Predictions on future functioning of polar ecosystems need to consider such subtle relationships.
John Wood, Tim J. Smyth, and Victor Estellés
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 10, 1723–1737, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-10-1723-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-10-1723-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
We have developed an instrument which can be deployed on ships in the remote oceans to measure optical properties of the atmosphere. These optical properties are key to understanding how light and heat are transmitted, absorbed and reflected within the atmosphere. This has consequences for how the wider climate system works. The oceans, covering 70 % of the planet, are chronically under-sampled for such optical properties. Such instruments, when widely deployed, should help rectify this problem.
Angus Atkinson, Simeon L. Hill, Evgeny A. Pakhomov, Volker Siegel, Ricardo Anadon, Sanae Chiba, Kendra L. Daly, Rod Downie, Sophie Fielding, Peter Fretwell, Laura Gerrish, Graham W. Hosie, Mark J. Jessopp, So Kawaguchi, Bjørn A. Krafft, Valerie Loeb, Jun Nishikawa, Helen J. Peat, Christian S. Reiss, Robin M. Ross, Langdon B. Quetin, Katrin Schmidt, Deborah K. Steinberg, Roshni C. Subramaniam, Geraint A. Tarling, and Peter Ward
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 9, 193–210, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-9-193-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-9-193-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
KRILLBASE is a data rescue and compilation project to improve the availability of information on two key Southern Ocean zooplankton: Antarctic krill and salps. We provide a circumpolar database that combines 15 194 scientific net hauls (1926 to 2016) from 10 countries. These data provide a resource for analysing the distribution and abundance of krill and salps throughout the Southern Ocean to support ecological and biogeochemical research as well as fisheries management and conservation.
André Valente, Shubha Sathyendranath, Vanda Brotas, Steve Groom, Michael Grant, Malcolm Taberner, David Antoine, Robert Arnone, William M. Balch, Kathryn Barker, Ray Barlow, Simon Bélanger, Jean-François Berthon, Şükrü Beşiktepe, Vittorio Brando, Elisabetta Canuti, Francisco Chavez, Hervé Claustre, Richard Crout, Robert Frouin, Carlos García-Soto, Stuart W. Gibb, Richard Gould, Stanford Hooker, Mati Kahru, Holger Klein, Susanne Kratzer, Hubert Loisel, David McKee, Brian G. Mitchell, Tiffany Moisan, Frank Muller-Karger, Leonie O'Dowd, Michael Ondrusek, Alex J. Poulton, Michel Repecaud, Timothy Smyth, Heidi M. Sosik, Michael Twardowski, Kenneth Voss, Jeremy Werdell, Marcel Wernand, and Giuseppe Zibordi
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 8, 235–252, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-8-235-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-8-235-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
A compiled set of in situ data is important to evaluate the quality of ocean-colour satellite data records. Here we describe the compilation of global bio-optical in situ data (spanning from 1997 to 2012) used for the validation of the ocean-colour products from the ESA Ocean Colour Climate Change Initiative (OC-CCI). The compilation merges and harmonizes several in situ data sources into a simple format that could be used directly for the evaluation of satellite-derived ocean-colour data.
Darren R. Clark, Claire E. Widdicombe, Andrew P. Rees, and E. Malcolm S. Woodward
Biogeosciences, 13, 2873–2888, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-2873-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-2873-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Based in the Mauritanian upwelling system, the article describes a Lagrangian study of biogeochemical processes within a freshly upwelled body of water as it advects offshore. We report rates of primary production, nitrogen assimilation, and regeneration and describe how these processes relate to the dynamics of the upwelling regime. This system is perhaps the least studied of the four major eastern boundary upwelling systems and so these measurements provide important new insights.
Mingxi Yang, Thomas G. Bell, Frances E. Hopkins, Vassilis Kitidis, Pierre W. Cazenave, Philip D. Nightingale, Margaret J. Yelland, Robin W. Pascal, John Prytherch, Ian M. Brooks, and Timothy J. Smyth
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 5745–5761, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-5745-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-5745-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Coastal seas are sources of methane in the atmosphere and can fluctuate from emitting to absorbing carbon dioxide. Direct air–sea transport measurements of these two greenhouse gases in near shore regions remain scarce. From a recently established coastal atmospheric station on the south-west coast of the UK, we observed that the oceanic absorption of carbon dioxide peaked during the phytoplankton bloom, while methane emission varied with the tidal cycle, likely due to an estuary influence.
Mingxi Yang, Thomas G. Bell, Frances E. Hopkins, and Timothy J. Smyth
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 4771–4783, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-4771-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-4771-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Exhausts from ships are an important source of air pollution in coastal regions. We observed a ~ 3 fold reduction in the level of sulfur dioxide (a principle pollutant) from the English Channel from 2014 to 2015 after the new International Maritime Organisation regulation on ship sulfur emission became law. Our estimated ship's fuel sulfur content shows a high degree of compliance. Dimethylsulfide from the marine biota becomes a relatively more important source of sulfur in coastal marine air.
D. R. Clark, I. J. Brown, A. P. Rees, P. J. Somerfield, and P. I. Miller
Biogeosciences, 11, 4985–5005, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-4985-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-4985-2014, 2014
J.-P. Gattuso, W. Kirkwood, J. P. Barry, E. Cox, F. Gazeau, L. Hansson, I. Hendriks, D.I. Kline, P. Mahacek, S. Martin, P. McElhany, E. T. Peltzer, J. Reeve, D. Roberts, V. Saderne, K. Tait, S. Widdicombe, and P. G. Brewer
Biogeosciences, 11, 4057–4075, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-4057-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-4057-2014, 2014
P. E. Land, J. D. Shutler, R. D. Cowling, D. K. Woolf, P. Walker, H. S. Findlay, R. C. Upstill-Goddard, and C. J. Donlon
Biogeosciences, 10, 8109–8128, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-8109-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-8109-2013, 2013
C. J. O'Brien, J. A. Peloquin, M. Vogt, M. Heinle, N. Gruber, P. Ajani, H. Andruleit, J. Arístegui, L. Beaufort, M. Estrada, D. Karentz, E. Kopczyńska, R. Lee, A. J. Poulton, T. Pritchard, and C. Widdicombe
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 5, 259–276, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-5-259-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-5-259-2013, 2013
M. Yang, R. Beale, T. Smyth, and B. Blomquist
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 6165–6184, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-6165-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-6165-2013, 2013
Related subject area
Domain: ESSD – Ocean | Subject: Biological oceanography
A comprehensive global mapping of offshore lighting
A compilation of surface inherent optical properties and phytoplankton pigment concentrations from the Atlantic Meridional Transect
A hyperspectral and multi-angular synthetic dataset for algorithm development in waters of varying trophic levels and optical complexity
Global biogeography of N2-fixing microbes: nifH amplicon database and analytics workflow
Microbial plankton occurrence database in the North American Arctic region: synthesis of recent diversity of potentially toxic and/or harmful algae
A 45-year hydrological and planktonic time series in the South Bight of the North Sea
AIGD-PFT: the first AI-driven global daily gap-free 4 km phytoplankton functional type data product from 1998 to 2023
Bivalve monitoring over French coasts: multi-decadal records of carbon and nitrogen elemental and isotopic ratios (δ13C, δ15N and C:N) as ecological indicators of global change
Early-life dispersal traits of coastal fishes: an extensive database combining observations and growth models
An update of data compilation on the biological response to ocean acidification and overview of the OA-ICC data portal
First release of the Pelagic Size Structure database: global datasets of marine size spectra obtained from plankton imaging devices
Metazoan zooplankton in the Bay of Biscay: a 16-year record of individual sizes and abundances obtained using the ZooScan and ZooCAM imaging systems
PANABIO: a point-referenced PAN-Arctic data collection of benthic BIOtas
A global daily gap-filled chlorophyll-a dataset in open oceans during 2001–2021 from multisource information using convolutional neural networks
A new global oceanic multi-model net primary productivity data product
MAREL Carnot data and metadata from the Coriolis data center
Bio-optical properties of the cyanobacterium Nodularia spumigena
An atlas of seabed biodiversity for Aotearoa New Zealand
A synthetic optical database generated by radiative transfer simulations in support of studies in ocean optics and optical remote sensing of the global ocean
The Coastal Surveillance Through Observation of Ocean Color (COASTℓOOC) dataset
HIPPO environmental monitoring: impact of phytoplankton dynamics on water column chemistry and the sclerochronology of the king scallop (Pecten maximus) as a biogenic archive for past primary production reconstructions
AlgaeTraits: a trait database for (European) seaweeds
How to learn more about hydrological conditions and phytoplankton dynamics and diversity in the eastern English Channel and the Southern Bight of the North Sea: the Suivi Régional des Nutriments data set (1992–2021)
Deepwater red shrimp fishery in the eastern–central Mediterranean Sea: AIS-observed monthly fishing effort and frequency over 4 years
Global dataset on seagrass meadow structure, biomass and production
The Green Edge cruise: investigating the marginal ice zone processes during late spring and early summer to understand the fate of the Arctic phytoplankton bloom
A global marine particle size distribution dataset obtained with the Underwater Vision Profiler 5
The COSMUS expedition: seafloor images and acoustic bathymetric data from the PS124 expedition to the southern Weddell Sea, Antarctica
Christopher D. Elvidge, Tilottama Ghosh, Namrata Chatterjee, Mikhail Zhizhin, Paul C. Sutton, and Morgan Bazilian
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 17, 579–594, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-579-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-579-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We present the first comprehensive map of offshore lighting derived from low-light imaging satellite data. The empty sea provides a dark and uniform canvas upon which light detections can be aggregated for extended periods to reveal human lighting structures. The form of the structures only becomes apparent when data from 1 or more years are accumulated. Identifiable structures include fishing grounds, platforms, gas flares, anchorages, and transportation routes.
Thomas M. Jordan, Giorgio Dall'Olmo, Gavin Tilstone, Robert J. W. Brewin, Francesco Nencioli, Ruth Airs, Crystal S. Thomas, and Louise Schlüter
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 17, 493–516, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-493-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-493-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We present a compilation of water optical properties and phytoplankton pigments from the surface of the Atlantic Ocean collected during nine cruises between 2009 and 2019. We derive continuous Chlorophyll a concentrations (a biomass proxy) from water absorption. We then illustrate geographical variations and relationships for water optical properties, Chlorophyll a, and other pigments. The dataset will be useful to researchers in ocean optics, remote sensing, ecology, and biogeochemistry.
Jaime Pitarch and Vittorio Ernesto Brando
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 17, 435–460, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-435-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-435-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This research presents a comprehensive synthetic dataset of bio-optical properties and radiometric quantities in the optical domain, resolved for all sun-view angular combinations, from ultraviolet to visible light, that provide aid in the development of satellite algorithms, including directional problems. The dataset will significantly enhance research on light behavior in water and support future hyperspectral missions. It has been made publicly available on Zenodo.
Michael Morando, Jonathan D. Magasin, Shunyan Cheung, Matthew M. Mills, Jonathan P. Zehr, and Kendra A. Turk-Kubo
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 17, 393–422, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-393-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-393-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Nitrogen is crucial in ocean food webs, but only some microbes can fix N2 gas into a bioavailable form. Most are known only by their nifH gene sequence. We created a software workflow for nifH data and ran it on 944 ocean samples, producing a database (DB) that captures the global diversity of N2-fixing marine microbes and the environmental factors that influence them. The workflow and DB can standardize analyses of past and future nifH datasets to enable insights into marine communities.
Nicolas Schiffrine, Fatma Dhifallah, Kaven Dionne, Michel Poulin, Sylvie Lessard, André Rochon, and Michel Gosselin
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 5681–5701, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-5681-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-5681-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Growing concern arises in the Arctic Ocean as toxic and harmful phytoplankton emerge due to climate change. The potential surge in these occurrences threatens both human health and the Arctic ecosystem. Our ongoing research yields insights into spatial patterns and biodiversity, challenging the belief that the Arctic is unsuitable for toxic and harmful algal events. This work underscores the need to comprehend and address the ecological impact of these emerging species in the Arctic environment.
David Devreker, Guillaume Wacquet, and Alain Lefebvre
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-479, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-479, 2024
Revised manuscript accepted for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
This article presents a 45-year data series (1978–2023) acquired in the South Bight of the North Sea. It provides an overview of the main statistical characteristics of the time series (hydrological parameters and plankton species), including long-term trends and shifts analysis. The aim of this paper is to make this valuable dataset available to help decipher the local and global influence of anthropogenic activities in a world increasingly affected by climate change.
Yuan Zhang, Fang Shen, Renhu Li, Mengyu Li, Zhaoxin Li, Songyu Chen, and Xuerong Sun
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 4793–4816, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-4793-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-4793-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This work describes AIGD-PFT, the first AI-driven global daily gap-free 4 km phytoplankton functional type (PFT) product from 1998 to 2023. AIGD-PFT enhances the accuracy and spatiotemporal coverage quantification of eight major PFTs (i.e. diatoms, dinoflagellates, haptophytes, pelagophytes, cryptophytes, green algae, prokaryotes, and Prochlorococcus).
Camilla Liénart, Alan Fournioux, Andrius Garbaras, Hugues Blanchet, Nicolas Briant, Stanislas F. Dubois, Aline Gangnery, Anne Grouhel Pellouin, Pauline Le Monier, Arnaud Lheureux, Xavier de Montaudouin, and Nicolas Savoye
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-364, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-364, 2024
Revised manuscript accepted for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
Bivalves such as mussels and oysters reflect the quality of the environment by filtering ambient water. We measured carbon and nitrogen chemical composition in bivalves tissues from 33 sites along French coastlines sampled since the 80’s. Thanks to such time-series, this dataset allow to track how marine species record changing climate, physical-chemical environment and organic matter cycles, and provide precious information on coastal ecosystems response to global change.
Marine Di Stefano, David Nerini, Itziar Alvarez, Giandomenico Ardizzone, Patrick Astruch, Gotzon Basterretxea, Aurélie Blanfuné, Denis Bonhomme, Antonio Calò, Ignacio Catalan, Carlo Cattano, Adrien Cheminée, Romain Crec'hriou, Amalia Cuadros, Antonio Di Franco, Carlos Diaz-Gil, Tristan Estaque, Robin Faillettaz, Fabiana C. Félix-Hackradt, José Antonio Garcia-Charton, Paolo Guidetti, Loïc Guilloux, Jean-Georges Harmelin, Mireille Harmelin-Vivien, Manuel Hidalgo, Hilmar Hinz, Jean-Olivier Irisson, Gabriele La Mesa, Laurence Le Diréach, Philippe Lenfant, Enrique Macpherson, Sanja Matić-Skoko, Manon Mercader, Marco Milazzo, Tiffany Monfort, Joan Moranta, Manuel Muntoni, Matteo Murenu, Lucie Nunez, M. Pilar Olivar, Jérémy Pastor, Ángel Pérez-Ruzafa, Serge Planes, Nuria Raventos, Justine Richaume, Elodie Rouanet, Erwan Roussel, Sandrine Ruitton, Ana Sabatés, Thierry Thibaut, Daniele Ventura, Laurent Vigliola, Dario Vrdoljak, and Vincent Rossi
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 3851–3871, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-3851-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-3851-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We build a compilation of early-life dispersal traits for coastal fish species. The database contains over 110 000 entries collected from 1993 to 2021 in the western Mediterranean. All observations are harmonized to provide information on dates and locations of spawning and settlement, along with pelagic larval durations. When applicable, missing data are reconstructed from dynamic energy budget theory. Statistical analyses reveal sampling biases across taxa, space and time.
Yan Yang, Patrick Brockmann, Carolina Galdino, Uwe Schindler, and Frédéric Gazeau
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 3771–3780, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-3771-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-3771-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Studies investigating the effects of ocean acidification on marine organisms and communities have been steadily increasing. To facilitate data comparison, a data compilation hosted by the PANGAEA Data Publisher was initiated in 2008 and is updated on a regular basis. By November 2023, a total of 1501 datasets (~25 million data points) from 1554 papers have been archived. To filter and access relevant biological response data from this compilation, a user-friendly portal was launched in 2018.
Mathilde Dugenne, Marco Corrales-Ugalde, Jessica Y. Luo, Rainer Kiko, Todd D. O'Brien, Jean-Olivier Irisson, Fabien Lombard, Lars Stemmann, Charles Stock, Clarissa R. Anderson, Marcel Babin, Nagib Bhairy, Sophie Bonnet, Francois Carlotti, Astrid Cornils, E. Taylor Crockford, Patrick Daniel, Corinne Desnos, Laetitia Drago, Amanda Elineau, Alexis Fischer, Nina Grandrémy, Pierre-Luc Grondin, Lionel Guidi, Cecile Guieu, Helena Hauss, Kendra Hayashi, Jenny A. Huggett, Laetitia Jalabert, Lee Karp-Boss, Kasia M. Kenitz, Raphael M. Kudela, Magali Lescot, Claudie Marec, Andrew McDonnell, Zoe Mériguet, Barbara Niehoff, Margaux Noyon, Thelma Panaïotis, Emily Peacock, Marc Picheral, Emilie Riquier, Collin Roesler, Jean-Baptiste Romagnan, Heidi M. Sosik, Gretchen Spencer, Jan Taucher, Chloé Tilliette, and Marion Vilain
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 2971–2999, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-2971-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-2971-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Plankton and particles influence carbon cycling and energy flow in marine ecosystems. We used three types of novel plankton imaging systems to obtain size measurements from a range of plankton and particle sizes and across all major oceans. Data were compiled and cross-calibrated from many thousands of images, showing seasonal and spatial changes in particle size structure in different ocean basins. These datasets form the first release of the Pelagic Size Structure database (PSSdb).
Nina Grandremy, Paul Bourriau, Edwin Daché, Marie-Madeleine Danielou, Mathieu Doray, Christine Dupuy, Bertrand Forest, Laetitia Jalabert, Martin Huret, Sophie Le Mestre, Antoine Nowaczyk, Pierre Petitgas, Philippe Pineau, Justin Rouxel, Morgan Tardivel, and Jean-Baptiste Romagnan
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 1265–1282, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1265-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1265-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We present two space- and time-resolved zooplankton datasets originating from samples collected in the Bay of Biscay in spring over the 2004–2019 period and imaged with the interoperable imaging systems ZooScan and ZooCAM. These datasets are suited for long-term size-based or combined size- and taxonomy-based ecological studies of zooplankton. The set of sorted images are provided along with a set of morphological descriptors that are useful when machine learning is applied to plankton studies.
Dieter Piepenburg, Thomas Brey, Katharina Teschke, Jennifer Dannheim, Paul Kloss, Marianne Rehage, Miriam L. S. Hansen, and Casper Kraan
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 1177–1184, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1177-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1177-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Research on ecological footprints of climate change and human impacts in Arctic seas is still hampered by problems in accessing sound data, which is unevenly distributed among regions and faunal groups. To address this issue, we present the PAN-Arctic data collection of benthic BIOtas (PANABIO). It provides open access to valuable biodiversity information by integrating data from various sources and of various formats and offers versatile exploration tools for data filtering and mapping.
Zhongkun Hong, Di Long, Xingdong Li, Yiming Wang, Jianmin Zhang, Mohamed A. Hamouda, and Mohamed M. Mohamed
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 5281–5300, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-5281-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-5281-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Changes in ocean chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentration are related to ecosystem balance. Here, we present high-quality gap-filled Chl-a data in open oceans, reflecting the distribution and changes in global Chl-a concentration. Our findings highlight the efficacy of reconstructing missing satellite observations using convolutional neural networks. This dataset and model are valuable for research in ocean color remote sensing, offering data support and methodological references for related studies.
Thomas J. Ryan-Keogh, Sandy J. Thomalla, Nicolette Chang, and Tumelo Moalusi
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 4829–4848, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-4829-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-4829-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Oceanic productivity has been highlighted as an important environmental indicator of climate change in comparison to other existing metrics. However, the availability of these data to assess trends and trajectories is plagued with issues, such as application to only a single satellite reducing the time period for assessment. We have applied multiple algorithms to the longest ocean colour record to provide a record for assessing climate-change-driven trends.
Raed Halawi Ghosn, Émilie Poisson-Caillault, Guillaume Charria, Armel Bonnat, Michel Repecaud, Jean-Valery Facq, Loïc Quéméner, Vincent Duquesne, Camille Blondel, and Alain Lefebvre
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 4205–4218, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-4205-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-4205-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This article describes a long-term (2004–2022) dataset from an in situ instrumented station located in the eastern English Channel and belonging to the COAST-HF network (ILICO). It provides high temporal resolution (sub-hourly) oceanographic and meteorological measurements. The MAREL Carnot dataset can be used to conduct research in marine ecology, oceanography, and data science. It was utilized to characterize recurrent, rare, and extreme events in the coastal area.
Shungudzemwoyo P. Garaba, Michelle Albinus, Guido Bonthond, Sabine Flöder, Mario L. M. Miranda, Sven Rohde, Joanne Y. L. Yong, and Jochen Wollschläger
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 4163–4179, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-4163-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-4163-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
These high-quality data document a harmful algal bloom dominated by Nodularia spumigena, a cyanobacterium that has been recurring in waters around the world, using advanced water observation technologies. We also showcase the benefits of experiments of opportunity and the issues with obtaining synoptic spatio-temporal data for monitoring water quality. The dataset can be leveraged to gain more knowledge on related blooms, develop detection algorithms and optimize future monitoring efforts.
Fabrice Stephenson, Tom Brough, Drew Lohrer, Daniel Leduc, Shane Geange, Owen Anderson, David Bowden, Malcolm R. Clark, Niki Davey, Enrique Pardo, Dennis P. Gordon, Brittany Finucci, Michelle Kelly, Diana Macpherson, Lisa McCartain, Sadie Mills, Kate Neill, Wendy Nelson, Rachael Peart, Matthew H. Pinkerton, Geoffrey B. Read, Jodie Robertson, Ashley Rowden, Kareen Schnabel, Andrew Stewart, Carl Struthers, Leigh Tait, Di Tracey, Shaun Weston, and Carolyn Lundquist
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 3931–3939, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3931-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3931-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Understanding the distribution of species that live at the seafloor is critical to the management of the marine environment but is lacking in many areas. Here, we showcase an atlas of seafloor biodiversity that describes the distribution of approximately 600 organisms throughout New Zealand’s vast marine realm. Each layer in the open-access atlas has been evaluated by leading experts and provides a key resource for the sustainable use of New Zealand's marine environment.
Hubert Loisel, Daniel Schaffer Ferreira Jorge, Rick A. Reynolds, and Dariusz Stramski
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 3711–3731, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3711-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3711-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Studies of light fields in aquatic environments require data from radiative transfer simulations that are free of measurement errors. In contrast to previously published synthetic optical databases, the present database was created by simulations covering a broad range of seawater optical properties that exhibit probability distributions consistent with a global ocean dominated by open-ocean pelagic environments. This database is intended to support ocean color science and applications.
Philippe Massicotte, Marcel Babin, Frank Fell, Vincent Fournier-Sicre, and David Doxaran
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 3529–3545, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3529-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3529-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The COASTlOOC oceanographic expeditions in 1997 and 1998 studied the relationship between seawater properties and biology and chemistry across the European coasts. The team collected data from 379 stations using ships and helicopters to support the development of ocean color remote-sensing algorithms. This unique and consistent dataset is still used today by researchers.
Valentin Siebert, Brivaëla Moriceau, Lukas Fröhlich, Bernd R. Schöne, Erwan Amice, Beatriz Beker, Kevin Bihannic, Isabelle Bihannic, Gaspard Delebecq, Jérémy Devesa, Morgane Gallinari, Yoan Germain, Émilie Grossteffan, Klaus Peter Jochum, Thierry Le Bec, Manon Le Goff, Céline Liorzou, Aude Leynaert, Claudie Marec, Marc Picheral, Peggy Rimmelin-Maury, Marie-Laure Rouget, Matthieu Waeles, and Julien Thébault
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 3263–3281, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3263-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3263-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This article presents an overview of the results of biological, chemical and physical parameters measured at high temporal resolution (sampling once and twice per week) during environmental monitoring that took place in 2021 in the Bay of Brest. We strongly believe that this dataset could be very useful for other scientists performing sclerochronological investigations, studying biogeochemical cycles or conducting various ecological research projects.
Sofie Vranken, Marine Robuchon, Stefanie Dekeyzer, Ignacio Bárbara, Inka Bartsch, Aurélie Blanfuné, Charles-François Boudouresque, Wim Decock, Christophe Destombe, Bruno de Reviers, Pilar Díaz-Tapia, Anne Herbst, Romain Julliard, Rolf Karez, Priit Kersen, Stacy A. Krueger-Hadfield, Ralph Kuhlenkamp, Akira F. Peters, Viviana Peña, Cristina Piñeiro-Corbeira, Fabio Rindi, Florence Rousseau, Jan Rueness, Hendrik Schubert, Kjersti Sjøtun, Marta Sansón, Dan Smale, Thierry Thibaut, Myriam Valero, Leen Vandepitte, Bart Vanhoorne, Alba Vergés, Marc Verlaque, Christophe Vieira, Line Le Gall, Frederik Leliaert, and Olivier De Clerck
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 2711–2754, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2711-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2711-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We present AlgaeTraits, a high-quality seaweed trait database. The data are structured within the framework of WoRMS and are supported by an expert editor community. With 45 175 trait records for 21 prioritised biological and ecological traits, and a taxonomic coverage of 1 745 European species, AlgaeTraits significantly advances previous efforts to provide standardised seaweed trait data. AlgaeTraits will serve as a foundation for future research on diversity and evolution of seaweeds.
Alain Lefebvre and David Devreker
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 1077–1092, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-1077-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-1077-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The Suivi Regional des Nutriments (SRN) data set includes long-term time series on marine phytoplankton and physicochemical measures in the eastern English Channel and the Southern Bight of the North Sea. These data sets should be useful for comparing contrasted coastal marine ecosystems to further knowledge about the direct and indirect effects of human pressures and environmental changes on ecosystem structure and function, including eutrophication and harmful algal bloom issues.
Jacopo Pulcinella, Enrico Nicola Armelloni, Carmen Ferrà, Giuseppe Scarcella, and Anna Nora Tassetti
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 809–820, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-809-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-809-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Deep-sea fishery in the Mediterranean Sea was historically driven by the commercial profitability of deepwater red shrimps. Understanding spatiotemporal dynamics of fishing is key to comprehensively evaluate the status of these resources and prevent stock collapse. The observed monthly fishing effort and frequency dataset released by the automatic identification system (AIS) may help researchers as well as those involved in fishery management and in the update of existing management plans.
Simone Strydom, Roisin McCallum, Anna Lafratta, Chanelle L. Webster, Caitlyn M. O'Dea, Nicole E. Said, Natasha Dunham, Karina Inostroza, Cristian Salinas, Samuel Billinghurst, Charlie M. Phelps, Connor Campbell, Connor Gorham, Rachele Bernasconi, Anna M. Frouws, Axel Werner, Federico Vitelli, Viena Puigcorbé, Alexandra D'Cruz, Kathryn M. McMahon, Jack Robinson, Megan J. Huggett, Sian McNamara, Glenn A. Hyndes, and Oscar Serrano
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 511–519, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-511-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-511-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Seagrasses are important underwater plants that provide valuable ecosystem services to humans, including mitigating climate change. Understanding the natural history of seagrass meadows across different types of environments is crucial to conserving seagrasses in the global ocean. This dataset contains data extracted from peer-reviewed publications and highlights which seagrasses have been studied and in which locations and is useful for pointing out which need further investigation.
Flavienne Bruyant, Rémi Amiraux, Marie-Pier Amyot, Philippe Archambault, Lise Artigue, Lucas Barbedo de Freitas, Guislain Bécu, Simon Bélanger, Pascaline Bourgain, Annick Bricaud, Etienne Brouard, Camille Brunet, Tonya Burgers, Danielle Caleb, Katrine Chalut, Hervé Claustre, Véronique Cornet-Barthaux, Pierre Coupel, Marine Cusa, Fanny Cusset, Laeticia Dadaglio, Marty Davelaar, Gabrièle Deslongchamps, Céline Dimier, Julie Dinasquet, Dany Dumont, Brent Else, Igor Eulaers, Joannie Ferland, Gabrielle Filteau, Marie-Hélène Forget, Jérome Fort, Louis Fortier, Martí Galí, Morgane Gallinari, Svend-Erik Garbus, Nicole Garcia, Catherine Gérikas Ribeiro, Colline Gombault, Priscilla Gourvil, Clémence Goyens, Cindy Grant, Pierre-Luc Grondin, Pascal Guillot, Sandrine Hillion, Rachel Hussherr, Fabien Joux, Hannah Joy-Warren, Gabriel Joyal, David Kieber, Augustin Lafond, José Lagunas, Patrick Lajeunesse, Catherine Lalande, Jade Larivière, Florence Le Gall, Karine Leblanc, Mathieu Leblanc, Justine Legras, Keith Lévesque, Kate-M. Lewis, Edouard Leymarie, Aude Leynaert, Thomas Linkowski, Martine Lizotte, Adriana Lopes dos Santos, Claudie Marec, Dominique Marie, Guillaume Massé, Philippe Massicotte, Atsushi Matsuoka, Lisa A. Miller, Sharif Mirshak, Nathalie Morata, Brivaela Moriceau, Philippe-Israël Morin, Simon Morisset, Anders Mosbech, Alfonso Mucci, Gabrielle Nadaï, Christian Nozais, Ingrid Obernosterer, Thimoté Paire, Christos Panagiotopoulos, Marie Parenteau, Noémie Pelletier, Marc Picheral, Bernard Quéguiner, Patrick Raimbault, Joséphine Ras, Eric Rehm, Llúcia Ribot Lacosta, Jean-François Rontani, Blanche Saint-Béat, Julie Sansoulet, Noé Sardet, Catherine Schmechtig, Antoine Sciandra, Richard Sempéré, Caroline Sévigny, Jordan Toullec, Margot Tragin, Jean-Éric Tremblay, Annie-Pier Trottier, Daniel Vaulot, Anda Vladoiu, Lei Xue, Gustavo Yunda-Guarin, and Marcel Babin
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 4607–4642, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-4607-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-4607-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents a dataset acquired during a research cruise held in Baffin Bay in 2016. We observed that the disappearance of sea ice in the Arctic Ocean increases both the length and spatial extent of the phytoplankton growth season. In the future, this will impact the food webs on which the local populations depend for their food supply and fisheries. This dataset will provide insight into quantifying these impacts and help the decision-making process for policymakers.
Rainer Kiko, Marc Picheral, David Antoine, Marcel Babin, Léo Berline, Tristan Biard, Emmanuel Boss, Peter Brandt, Francois Carlotti, Svenja Christiansen, Laurent Coppola, Leandro de la Cruz, Emilie Diamond-Riquier, Xavier Durrieu de Madron, Amanda Elineau, Gabriel Gorsky, Lionel Guidi, Helena Hauss, Jean-Olivier Irisson, Lee Karp-Boss, Johannes Karstensen, Dong-gyun Kim, Rachel M. Lekanoff, Fabien Lombard, Rubens M. Lopes, Claudie Marec, Andrew M. P. McDonnell, Daniela Niemeyer, Margaux Noyon, Stephanie H. O'Daly, Mark D. Ohman, Jessica L. Pretty, Andreas Rogge, Sarah Searson, Masashi Shibata, Yuji Tanaka, Toste Tanhua, Jan Taucher, Emilia Trudnowska, Jessica S. Turner, Anya Waite, and Lars Stemmann
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 4315–4337, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-4315-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-4315-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The term
marine particlescomprises detrital aggregates; fecal pellets; bacterioplankton, phytoplankton and zooplankton; and even fish. Here, we present a global dataset that contains 8805 vertical particle size distribution profiles obtained with Underwater Vision Profiler 5 (UVP5) camera systems. These data are valuable to the scientific community, as they can be used to constrain important biogeochemical processes in the ocean, such as the flux of carbon to the deep sea.
Autun Purser, Laura Hehemann, Lilian Boehringer, Ellen Werner, Santiago E. A. Pineda-Metz, Lucie Vignes, Axel Nordhausen, Moritz Holtappels, and Frank Wenzhoefer
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 3635–3648, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-3635-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-3635-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Within this paper we present the seafloor images, maps and acoustic camera data collected by a towed underwater research platform deployed in 20 locations across the eastern Weddell Sea, Antarctica, during the PS124 COSMUS expedition with the research icebreaker RV Polarstern in 2021. The 20 deployments highlight the great variability in seafloor structure and faunal communities present. Of key interest was the discovery of the largest fish nesting colony discovered globally to date.
Cited articles
Álvarez, E., Lopez-Urrutia, A., and Nogueira, E.: Improvement of plankton biovolume estimates derived from image-based automatic sampling devices: application to FlowCAM, J. Plankton Res., 34, 454–469, 2012.
Atkinson, A., Harmer, R. A., Widdicombe, C. E., McEvoy, A. J., Smyth, T. J., Cummings, D. G., Somerfield, P. J., Maud, J. L., and McConville, K.: Questioning the role of phenology shifts and trophic mismatching in a planktonic food web, Prog. Oceanogr., 137, 498–512, 2015.
Atkinson, A., Polimene, L., Fileman, E. S., Widdicombe, C. E., McEvoy, A. J., Smyth, T. J., Djeghri, N., Sailley, S. F., and Cornwell, L. E.: Comment. What drives plankton seasonality in a stratifying shelf sea? Some competing and complementary theories, Limnol. Oceanogr., 63, 2877–2884, 2018.
Atkinson, A., Lilley, M. K., Hirst, A. G., McEvoy, A. J., Tarran, G. A., Widdicombe, C., Fileman, E. S., Woodward, E. M. S., Schmidt, K., and Smyth, T. J.: Increasing nutrient stress reduces the efficiency of energy transfer through planktonic size spectra, Limnol. Oceanogr., 66, 422–437, 2021.
Atkinson, A., McEvoy, A., Widdicombe, C., Beesley, A., Sanders, J., and Hiscock, K.: Chapter 5 – plankton observations 2021. South-west Marine Ecosystems Report for 2021, in: Marine Biological Association of the UK, Plymouth, edited by: Hiscock, K. and Earll, R., https://doi.org/10.17031/t98y-1806, 2022.
Barlow, R., Cummings, D., and Gibb, S.: Improved resolution of mono-and divinyl chlorophylls a and b and zeaxanthin and lutein in phytoplankton extracts using reverse phase C-8 HPLC, Marine Ecol. Prog. Ser., 161, 303–307, 1997.
Barnes, M. K., Tilstone, G. H., Suggett, D. J., Widdicombe, C. E., Bruun, J., Martinez-Vicente, V., and Smyth, T. J.: Temporal variability in total, micro-and nano-phytoplankton primary production at a coastal site in the Western English Channel, Prog. Oceanogr., 137, 470–483, 2015.
Barton, A. D., Taboada, F. G., Atkinson, A., Widdicombe, C. E., and Stock, C. A.: Integration of temporal environmental variation by the marine plankton community, Marine Ecol. Prog. Ser., 647, 1–16, 2020.
Bautista, B. and Harris, R.: Copepod gut contents, ingestion rates and grazing impact on phytoplankton in relation to size structure of zooplankton and phytoplankton during a spring bloom, Marine Ecol. Prog. Ser., 41–50, 1992.
Bedford, J., Ostle, C., Johns, D. G., Atkinson, A., Best, M., Bresnan, E., Machairopoulou, M., Graves, C. A., Devlin, M., and Milligan, A.: Lifeform indicators reveal large-scale shifts in plankton across the North-West European shelf, Global Change Biol., 26, 3482–3497, 2020.
Benway, H. M., Lorenzoni, L., White, A. E., Fiedler, B., Levine, N. M., Nicholson, D. P., DeGrandpre, M. D., Sosik, H. M., Church, M. J., and O'brien, T. D.: Ocean time series observations of changing marine ecosystems: an era of integration, synthesis, and societal applications, Front. Marine Sci., 6, 393, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00393, 2019.
Boalch, G., Harbour, D., and Butler, E.: Seasonal phytoplankton production in the western English Channel 1964–1974, J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. UK, 58, 943–953, 1978.
Bode, A.: Synchronized multidecadal trends and regime shifts in North Atlantic plankton populations, ICES J. Marine Sci., https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsad095, fsad095, 2023.
Bonnet, D., Richardson, A., Harris, R., Hirst, A., Beaugrand, G., Edwards, M., Ceballos, S., Diekman, R., López-Urrutia, A., and Valdes, L.: An overview of Calanus helgolandicus ecology in European waters, Prog. Oceanogr., 65, 1–53, 2005.
Booth, B.: Size classes and major taxonomic groups of phytoplankton at two locations in the subarctic Pacific Ocean in May and August, 1984, Marine Biol., 97, 275–286, 1988.
Børsheim, K. Y. and Bratbak, G.: Cell volume to cell carbon conversion factors for a bacterivorous Monas sp. enriched from seawater, Marine Ecol. Prog. Ser., 171–175, 1987.
Brittain, R.: 2015–2018 Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom (MBA) Western English Channel standard haul demersal fish survey data, DASSH [dataset], https://doi.org/10.17031/1802, 2021.
Burkill, P., Leakey, R., Owens, N., and Mantoura, R.: Synechococcus and its importance to the microbial foodweb of the northwestern Indian Ocean, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 40, 773–782, 1993.
Castellani, C., Licandro, P., Fileman, E., Di Capua, I., and Mazzocchi, M. G.: Oithona similis likes it cool: evidence from two long-term time series, J. Plankton Res., 38, 703–717, 2016.
Conover, R. and Corner, E.: Respiration and nitrogen excretion by some marine zooplankton in relation to their life cycles1, J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. UK, 48, 49–75, 1968.
Coombs, S., Halliday, N., Conway, D., and Smyth, T.: Sardine (Sardina pilchardus) egg abundance at station L4, Western English Channel, 1988–2008, J. Plankton Res., 32, 693–697, 2010.
Cornwell, L., Findlay, H., Fileman, E., Smyth, T., Hirst, A. G., Bruun, J., McEvoy, A., Widdicombe, C., Castellani, C., and Lewis, C.: Seasonality of Oithona similis and Calanus helgolandicus reproduction and abundance: contrasting responses to environmental variation at a shelf site, J. Plankton Res., 40, 295–310, 2018.
Cornwell, L. E., Fileman, E. S., Bruun, J. T., Hirst, A. G., Tarran, G. A., Findlay, H. S., Lewis, C., Smyth, T. J., McEvoy, A., and Atkinson, A.: Resilience of the copepod Oithona similis to climatic variability: egg production, mortality, and vertical habitat partitioning, Front. Marine Sci., 7, 29, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.00029, 2020.
Corona, S., Hirst, A., Atkinson, D., and Atkinson, A.: Density-dependent modulation of copepod body size and temperature–size responses in a shelf sea, Limnol. Oceanogr., 66, 3916–3927, 2021.
Cross, J., Nimmo-Smith, W. A. M., Hosegood, P. J., and Torres, R.: The role of advection in the distribution of plankton populations at a moored 1-D coastal observatory, Prog. Oceanogr., 137, 342–359, 2015.
Cummings, D., Dashfield, S., Nunes, J., Brown, I. J., Fishwick, J., and Findlay, H. S.: Inorganic carbon and total alkalinity at the Western Channel Observatory from the L4 site from 2008 to 2014, British Oceanographic Data Centre – Natural Environment Research Council, UK [dataset], https://doi.org/10.5285/1ec0cae5-071d-16e1-e053-6c86abc07d47, 2015.
Cushing, D.: The biological response in the sea to climate change, Adv. Mar. Biol., 99, 271–281, 1976.
Dickson, A. G., Sabine, C. L., and Christian, J. R. (Eds.): Guide to best practices for ocean CO2 measurement, Sidney, British Columbia, North Pacific Marine Science Organization, 191 pp., PICES Special Publication 3, IOCCP Report 8, https://doi.org/10.25607/OBP-1342, 2007.
Djeghri, N., Atkinson, A., Fileman, E. S., Harmer, R. A., Widdicombe, C. E., McEvoy, A. J., Cornwell, L., and Mayor, D. J.: High prey-predator size ratios and unselective feeding in copepods: A seasonal comparison of five species with contrasting feeding modes, Prog. Oceanogr., 165, 63–74, 2018.
Edwards, M. and Richardson, A. J.: Impact of climate change on marine pelagic phenology and trophic mismatch, Nature, 430, 881–884, 2004.
Edwards, K. F., Litchman, E., and Klausmeier, C. A.: Functional traits explain phytoplankton community structure and seasonal dynamics in a marine ecosystem, Ecol. Lett., 16, 56–63, 2013.
Edwards, M., Atkinson, A., Bresnan, E., Helaouet, P., McQuatters-Gollup, A., Ostle, C., Pitois, S., and Widdicombe, C.: Plankton, jellyfish and climate in the North-East Atlantic, MCCIP Science Review, 2020, 322–353, https://doi.org/10.14465/2020.arc15.plk, 2020.
Eloire, D., Somerfield, P. J., Conway, D. V., Halsband-Lenk, C., Harris, R., and Bonnet, D.: Temporal variability and community composition of zooplankton at station L4 in the Western Channel: 20 years of sampling, J. Plankton Res., 32, 657–679, 2010.
Fanjul, A., Iriarte, A., Villate, F., Uriarte, I., Atkinson, A., and Cook, K.: Zooplankton seasonality across a latitudinal gradient in the Northeast Atlantic Shelves Province, Cont. Shelf Res., 160, 49–62, 2018.
Fileman, E., Petropavlovsky, A., and Harris, R.: Grazing by the copepods Calanus helgolandicus and Acartia clausi on the protozooplankton community at station L4 in the Western English Channel, J. Plankton Res., 32, 709–724, 2010.
Fileman, E. S., Lindeque, P. K., Harmer, R. A., Halsband, C., and Atkinson, A.: Feeding rates and prey selectivity of planktonic decapod larvae in the Western English Channel, Marine Biol., 161, 2479–2494, 2014.
Findlay, H., Artoli, Y., Birchenough, S., Hartman, S., León, P., and Stiasny, M.: Climate change impacts on ocean acidification relevant to the UK and Ireland, MCCIP Sci. Rev., 2, 24, https://doi.org/10.14465/2022.reu03.oac, 2022.
Findlay, H. S., Cummings, D., Dashfield, S., Nunes, J., Brown, I. J., Fishwick, J.: Inorganic carbon and total alkalinity at Western Channel Observatory station E1 (2010–2014), British Oceanographic Data Centre – Natural Environment Research Council, UK [dataset], https://doi.org/10.5285/50bb1181-960e-58b4-e053-6c86abc0e44f, 2017.
Giering, S. L., Wells, S. R., Mayers, K. M., Schuster, H., Cornwell, L., Fileman, E. S., Atkinson, A., Cook, K. B., Preece, C., and Mayor, D. J.: Seasonal variation of zooplankton community structure and trophic position in the Celtic Sea: A stable isotope and biovolume spectrum approach, Prog. Oceanogr., 177, 101943, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2018.03.012, 2019.
Giering, S. L. C., Cavan, E. L., Basedow, S. L., Briggs, N., Burd, A. B., Darroch, L. J., Guidi, L., Irisson, J.-O., Iversen, M. H., Kiko, R., Lindsay, D., Marcolin, C. R., McDonnell, A. M. P., Möller, K. O., Passow, U., Thomalla, S., Trull, T. W., and Waite, A. M.: Sinking Organic Particles in the Ocean – Flux Estimates From in situ Optical Devices, Front. Marine Sci., 6, 834, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00834, 2020.
Gilbert, J. A., Field, D., Swift, P., Newbold, L., Oliver, A., Smyth, T., Somerfield, P. J., Huse, S., and Joint, I.: The seasonal structure of microbial communities in the Western English Channel, Environ. Microbiol., 11, 3132–3139, 2009.
González-Pola, C., Larsen, K. M. H., Fratantoni, P., and Beszczynska-Möller, A. (Eds.).: ICES Report on ocean climate 2020, ICES Cooperative Research Reports, 356, 121 pp., https://doi.org/10.17895/ices.pub.19248602, 2022.
Green, E., Harris, R., and Duncan, A.: The seasonal abundance of the copepodite stages of Calanus helgolandicus and Pseudocalanus elongatus off Plymouth, J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. UK, 73, 109–122, 1993.
Harris, R.: The L4 time-series: the first 20 years, J. Plankton Res., 32, 577–583, 2010.
Henson, S. A., Cole, H. S., Hopkins, J., Martin, A. P., and Yool, A.: Detection of climate change-driven trends in phytoplankton phenology, Global Change Biol., 24, e101–e111, 2018.
Heywood, J., Zubkov, M., Tarran, G., Fuchs, B., and Holligan, P.: Prokaryoplankton standing stocks in oligotrophic gyre and equatorial provinces of the Atlantic Ocean: evaluation of inter-annual variability, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 53, 1530–1547, 2006.
Highfield, J. M., Eloire, D., Conway, D. V., Lindeque, P. K., Attrill, M. J., and Somerfield, P. J.: Seasonal dynamics of meroplankton assemblages at station L4, J. Plankton Res., 32, 681–691, 2010.
Hirst, A. G., Bonnet, D., and Harris, R.: Seasonal dynamics and mortality rates of Calanus helgolandicus over two years at a station in the English Channel, Marine Ecol. Prog. Ser., 340, 189–205, 2007.
Holland, M. M., Louchart, A., Artigas, L. F., Ostle, C., Atkinson, A., Rombouts, I., Graves, C. A., Devlin, M., Heyden, B., and Machairopoulou, M.: Major declines in NE Atlantic plankton contrast with more stable populations in the rapidly warming North Sea, Sci. Total Environ., 898, 165505, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165505, 2023.
Irigoien, X. and Harris, R. P.: Interannual variability of Calanus helgolandicus in the English Channel, Fish. Oceanogr., 12, 317–326, 2003.
Irigoien, X., Head, R., Harris, R., Cummings, D., Harbour, D., and Meyer-Harms, B.: Feeding selectivity and egg production of Calanus helgolandicus in the English Channel, Limnol. Oceanogr., 45, 44–54, 2000.
Irigoien, X., Flynn, K., and Harris, R.: Phytoplankton blooms: a “loophole” in microzooplankton grazing impact?, J. Plankton Res., 27, 313–321, 2005.
Kemp, S.: Oceanography and the Fluctuations in the Abundance of Marine Animals, Nature, 142, 817–820, https://doi.org/10.1038/142817a0, 1938.
Kenitz, K. M., Visser, A. W., Mariani, P., and Andersen, K. H.: Seasonal succession in zooplankton feeding traits reveals trophic trait coupling, Limnol. Oceanogr., 62, 1184–1197, 2017.
Kiørboe, T.: A Mechanistic Approach to Plankton Ecology, ASLO Web Lectures, 1, 1–91, 2009.
Kitidis, V., Hardman-Mountford, N. J., Litt, E., Brown, I., Cummings, D., Hartman, S., Hydes, D., Fishwick, J. R., Harris, C., and Martinez-Vicente, V.: Seasonal dynamics of the carbonate system in the Western English Channel, Cont. Shelf Res., 42, 30–40, 2012.
Kristensen, E., Penha-Lopes, G., Delefosse, M., Valdemarsen, T., Quintana, C. O., and Banta, G. T.: What is bioturbation? The need for a precise definition for fauna in aquatic sciences, Marine Ecol. Prog. Ser., 446, 285–302, 2012.
Leles, S. G., Bruggeman, J., Polimene, L., Blackford, J., Flynn, K. J., and Mitra, A.: Differences in physiology explain succession of mixoplankton functional types and affect carbon fluxes in temperate seas, Prog. Oceanogr., 190, 102481, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2020.102481, 2021.
Lindeque, P.: A molecular approach to Calanus (Copepoda: calanoida) development and systematics, University of Plymouth, 282 pp., https://doi.org/10.24382/4825, 2023.
Lindeque, P. K., Parry, H. E., Harmer, R. A., Somerfield, P. J., and Atkinson, A.: Next generation sequencing reveals the hidden diversity of zooplankton assemblages, PloS one, 8, e81327, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0081327, 2013.
Lindeque, P. K., Dimond, A., Harmer, R. A., Parry, H. E., Pemberton, K. L., and Fileman, E. S.: Feeding selectivity of bivalve larvae on natural plankton assemblages in the Western English Channel, Marine Biol., 162, 291–308, 2015.
López-Urrutia, Á., Irigoien, X., Acuña, J. L., and Harris, R.: In situ feeding physiology and grazing impact of the appendicularian community in temperate waters, Marine Ecol. Prog. Ser., 252, 125–141, 2003.
Mackas, D. L., Greve, W., Edwards, M., Chiba, S., Tadokoro, K., Eloire, D., Mazzocchi, M. G., Batten, S., Richardson, A. J., Johnson, C., and Head, E.: Changing zooplankton seasonality in a changing ocean: Comparing time series of zooplankton phenology, Prog. Oceanogr., 97, 31–62, 2012.
Marine Biological Association: 1924–2013 MBA L4 and E1 Young Fish Survey, DASSH [dataset], https://doi.org/10.17031/1636, 2019.
Maud, J. L., Atkinson, A., Hirst, A. G., Lindeque, P. K., Widdicombe, C. E., Harmer, R. A., McEvoy, A. J., and Cummings, D. G.: How does Calanus helgolandicus maintain its population in a variable environment? Analysis of a 25-year time series from the English Channel, Prog. Oceanogr., 137, 513–523, 2015.
Maud, J. L., Hirst, A. G., Atkinson, A., Lindeque, P. K., and McEvoy, A. J.: Mortality of Calanus helgolandicus: sources, differences between the sexes and consumptive and nonconsumptive processes, Limnol. Oceanogr., 63, 1741–1761, 2018.
Mazzocchi, M. G., Di Capua, I., Kokoszka, F., Margiotta, F., d'Alcalà, M. R., Sarno, D., Zingone, A., and Licandro, P.: Coastal mesozooplankton respond to decadal environmental changes via community restructuring, Marine Ecol., , e12746, https://doi.org/10.1111/maec.12746, 2023.
McEvoy, A. and Atkinson, A.: The Western Channel Observatory: a century of oceanographic, chemical and biological data compiled from pelagic and benthic habitats in the Western English Channel 1903–2022, NERC EDS British Oceanographic Data Centre NOC [dataset], https://doi.org/10.17031/645110fb81749, 2023.
McEvoy, A., Atkinson, A., and Beesley, A.: Zooplankton abundance time series from net hauls at site L4 off Plymouth, UK between 1988–2021, NERC EDS British Oceanographic Data Centre NOC [dataset], https://doi.org/10.5285/e785f2f7-05d5-2f47-e053-6c86abc08bee, 2022a.
McEvoy, A., Beesley, A., and Atkinson, A.: Subset of zooplankton abundance and biomass time series from net hauls at site L4 off Plymouth, UK between 1988–2020 (Version 1), NERC EDS British Oceanographic Data Centre NOC [dataset], https://doi.org/10.5285/D7FB6CE3-7BC9-307B-E053-6C86ABC0671B, 2022b.
McEvoy, A., Beesley, A., and Atkinson, A.: Calanus helgolandicus weekly egg production time series between 1992–2021, using females from the Western English Channel site L4, NERC EDS British Oceanographic Data Centre NOC [dataset], https://doi.org/10.5285/e28496a4-0c72-0e7a-e053-6c86abc0d7c7, 2022c.
McGovern, E., Schilder, J., Artioli, Y., Birchenough, S., Dupont, S., Findlay, H., Skjelvan, I., Skogen, M., Álvarez, M., Büsher, J., Chierici, M., Christensen, J., León, P., Grage, A., Gregor, L., Humphreys, M., Järnegren, J., Knockaert, M., Krakau, M., and Moffat, C.: Ocean Acidification, in: OSPAR, 2023: The 2023 35 Quality Status Report for the North-East Atlantic, https://oap.ospar.org/en/ospar-assessments/quality-status-reports/qsr-2023/other-assessments/ocean-acidification/#2-2-ospar-and-ocean-acidification (last access: 11 December 2023), 2023.
McQuatters-Gollop, A., Atkinson, A., Aubert, A., Bedford, J., Best, M., Bresnan, E., Cook, K., Devlin, M., Gowen, R., and Johns, D. G.: Plankton lifeforms as a biodiversity indicator for regional-scale assessment of pelagic habitats for policy, Ecological Indicators, 101, 913–925, 2019.
Menden-Deuer, S. and Lessard, E. J.: Carbon to volume relationships for dinoflagellates, diatoms, and other protist plankton, Limnol. Oceanogr., 45, 569–579, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2000.45.3.0569, 2000.
Merchant, C. J., Embury, O., Bulgin, C. E., Block, T., Corlett, G. K., Fiedler, E., Good, S. A., Mittaz, J., Rayner, N. A., and Berry, D.: Satellite-based time-series of sea-surface temperature since 1981 for climate applications, Sci. Data, 6, 223, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-019-0236-x, 2019.
Mesher, T. and McNeill, C. L.: Benthic Survey Macrofauna Abundance and Biomass Data, as part of the Western Channel Observatory, UK, between 2008 and 2019, NERC EDS British Oceanographic Data Centre, NOC [dataset], https://doi.org/10.5285/d9f44202-b0d4-646c-e053-6c86abc018c6, 2022.
Michaels, A. F., Caron, D. A., Swanberg, N. R., Howse, F. A., and Michaels, C. M.: Planktonic sarcodines (Acantharia, Radiolaria, Foraminifera) in surface waters near Bermuda: abundance, biomass and vertical flux, J. Plankton Res., 17, 131–163, 1995.
O'Brien, T. D., Lorenzoni, L., Isensee, K., and Valdés, L.: What are Marine Ecological Time Series telling us about the ocean, A status report, IOC Tech. Ser, 129, 1–297, 2017.
Ostle, C., Artigas, L. F., Atkinson, A., Aubert, A., Budria, A., Graham, G., Helaouet, P., Johansen, M., Johns, D., Padegimas, B., Rombouts, I., and McQuatters-Gollop, A.: WP1 Pelagic Habitats – Deliverable 1.3 “Representativeness of plankton indicators”, OSPAR Commission, 2017.
Ostle, C., Paxman, K., Graves, C. A., Arnold, M., Artigas, L. F., Atkinson, A., Aubert, A., Baptie, M., Bear, B., Bedford, J., Best, M., Bresnan, E., Brittain, R., Broughton, D., Budria, A., Cook, K., Devlin, M., Graham, G., Halliday, N., Hélaouët, P., Johansen, M., Johns, D. G., Lear, D., Machairopoulou, M., McKinney, A., Mellor, A., Milligan, A., Pitois, S., Rombouts, I., Scherer, C., Tett, P., Widdicombe, C., and McQuatters-Gollop, A.: The Plankton Lifeform Extraction Tool: a digital tool to increase the discoverability and usability of plankton time-series data, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 5617–5642, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-5617-2021, 2021.
Parry, H., Atkinson, A., Somerfield, P., and Lindeque, P.: A metabarcoding comparison of taxonomic richness and composition between the water column and the benthic boundary layer, ICES J. Marine Sci., 78, 3333–3341, 2021.
Pingree, R.: Physical oceanography of the Celtic sea and English channel, in: Elsevier oceanography series, Elsevier, 415–465, 1980.
Polimene, L., Brunet, C., Butenschön, M., Martinez-Vicente, V., Widdicombe, C., Torres, R., and Allen, J.: Modelling a light-driven phytoplankton succession, J. Plankton Res., 36, 214–229, 2014.
Polimene, L., Mitra, A., Sailley, S., Ciavatta, S., Widdicombe, C., Atkinson, A., and Allen, J.: Decrease in diatom palatability contributes to bloom formation in the Western English Channel, Prog. Oceanogr., 137, 484–497, 2015.
Polimene, L., Clark, D., Kimmance, S., and McCormack, P.: A substantial fraction of phytoplankton-derived DON is resistant to degradation by a metabolically versatile, widely distributed marine bacterium, Plos one, 12, e0171391, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0171391, 2017.
Pond, D., Harris, R., Head, R., and Harbour, D.: Environmental and nutritional factors determining seasonal variability in the fecundity and egg viability of Calanus helgolandicus in coastal waters off Plymouth, UK, Marine Ecol. Prog. Ser., 143, 45–63, 1996.
Queirós, A. M., Stephens, N., Cook, R., Ravaglioli, C., Nunes, J., Dashfield, S., Harris, C., Tilstone, G. H., Fishwick, J., and Braeckman, U.: Can benthic community structure be used to predict the process of bioturbation in real ecosystems?, Prog. Oceanogr., 137, 559–569, 2015.
Queirós, A. M., Stephens, N., Widdicombe, S., Tait, K., McCoy, S. J., Ingels, J., Rühl, S., Airs, R., Beesley, A., and Carnovale, G.: Connected macroalgal-sediment systems: blue carbon and food webs in the deep coastal ocean, Ecol. Monogr., 89, e01366, https://doi.org/10.1002/ecm.1366, 2019.
Queirós, A. M., Tait, K., Clark, J. R., Bedington, M., Pascoe, C., Torres, R., Somerfield, P. J., and Smale, D. A.: Identifying and protecting macroalgae detritus sinks toward climate change mitigation, Ecol. Appl., 33, e2798, https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.2798, 2023.
Ratnarajah, L., Abu-Alhaija, R., Atkinson, A., Batten, S., Bax, N. J., Bernard, K. S., Canonico, G., Cornils, A., Everett, J. D., and Grigoratou, M.: Monitoring and modelling marine zooplankton in a changing climate, Nat. Commun., 14, 564, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-36241-5, 2023.
Rees, A. P., Hope, S. B., Widdicombe, C. E., Dixon, J. L., Woodward, E. M. S., and Fitzsimons, M. F.: Alkaline phosphatase activity in the western English Channel: elevations induced by high summertime rainfall, Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci., 81, 569–574, 2009.
Reygondeau, G., Molinero, J. C., Coombs, S., MacKenzie, B. R., and Bonnet, D.: Progressive changes in the Western English Channel foster a reorganization in the plankton food web, Prog. Oceanogr., 137, 524–532, 2015.
Richardson, A. J.: In hot water: zooplankton and climate change, ICES J. Marine Sci., 65, 279–295, 2008.
Rühl, S., Thompson, C. E., Queirós, A. M., and Widdicombe, S.: Intra-Annual Patterns in the Benthic-Pelagic Fluxes of Dissolved and Particulate Matter, Front. Marine Sci., 7, 567193, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.567193, 2020.
Rühl, S., Thompson, C. E., Queirós, A. M., and Widdicombe, S.: Decadal patterns and trends in benthic-pelagic exchange processes, J. Marine Syst., 222, 103595, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2021.103595, 2021.
Russell, F.: On the value of certain plankton animals as indicators of water movements in the English Channel and North Sea, J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. UK, 20, 309–332, 1935.
Sailley, S. F., Polimene, L., Mitra, A., Atkinson, A., and Allen, J. I.: Impact of zooplankton food selectivity on plankton dynamics and nutrient cycling, J. Plankton Res., 37, 519–529, 2015.
Schmidt, K., Birchill, A. J., Atkinson, A., Brewin, R. J., Clark, J. R., Hickman, A. E., Johns, D. G., Lohan, M. C., Milne, A., and Pardo, S.: Increasing picocyanobacteria success in shelf waters contributes to long-term food web degradation, Global Change Biol., 26, 5574–5587, 2020.
Schroeder, D. C., Oke, J., Hall, M., Malin, G., and Wilson, W. H.: Virus succession observed during an Emiliania huxleyi bloom, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 69, 2484–2490, 2003.
Sims, R. P., Bedington, M., Schuster, U., Watson, A. J., Kitidis, V., Torres, R., Findlay, H. S., Fishwick, J. R., Brown, I., and Bell, T. G.: Tidal mixing of estuarine and coastal waters in the western English Channel is a control on spatial and temporal variability in seawater CO2, Biogeosciences, 19, 1657–1674, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1657-2022, 2022.
Smyth, T.: Chapter 4. Oceanography background conditions - Western Channel Observatory, in: South-west Marine Ecosystems Report for 2021, edited by: Hiscock, K. and Earll, R., Marine Biological Association of the UK, Plymouth, https://doi.org/10.17031/t98y-1806, 2022.
Smyth, T. J., Fishwick, J. R., Al-Moosawi, L., Cummings, D. G., Harris, C., Kitidis, V., Rees, A., Martinez-Vicente, V., and Woodward, E. M.: A broad spatio-temporal view of the Western English Channel observatory, J. Plankton Res., 32, 585–601, 2010.
Smyth, T. J., Allen, I., Atkinson, A., Bruun, J. T., Harmer, R. A., Pingree, R. D., Widdicombe, C. E., and Somerfield, P. J.: Ocean net heat flux influences seasonal to interannual patterns of plankton abundance, PloS one, 9, e98709, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0098709, 2014.
Smyth, T., Atkinson, A., Widdicombe, S., Frost, M., Allen, I., Fishwick, J., Queiros, A., Sims, D., and Barange, M.: The Western channel observatory, Prog. Oceanogr., 137, 335–341, 2015.
Southward, A. J. and Roberts, E. K.: One hundred years of marine research at Plymouth, J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. UK, 67, 465–506, 1987.
Southward, A. J., Langmead, O., Hardman-Mountford, N. J., Aiken, J., Boalch, G. T., Dando, P. R., Genner, M. J., Joint, I., Kendall, M. A., and Halliday, N. C.: Long-term oceanographic and ecological research in the Western English Channel, Adv. Marine Biol., 47, 1–105, 2005.
Tait, K., Airs, R. L., Widdicombe, C. E., Tarran, G. A., Jones, M. R., and Widdicombe, S.: Dynamic responses of the benthic bacterial community at the Western English Channel observatory site L4 are driven by deposition of fresh phytodetritus, Prog. Oceanogr., 137, 546–558, 2015.
Talbot, E., Bruggeman, J., Hauton, C., and Widdicombe, S.: Uncovering the environmental drivers of short-term temporal dynamics in an epibenthic community from the Western English Channel, J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. UK, 99, 1467–1479, 2019.
Tarran, G. A. and Bruun, J. T.: Nanoplankton and picoplankton in the Western English Channel: abundance and seasonality from 2007–2013, Prog. Oceanogr., 137, 446–455, 2015.
Torres, R. and Uncles, R.: Modelling of Estuarine and Coastal Waters, in: Treatise on Estuarine and Coastal Sciences, edited by: Wolanski, E. and McLusky, D. S., Waltham, Academic Press, 2, 395–427, 2011.
UNESCO: Monographs on Oceanographic Methodology: Zooplankton Sampling, edited by: Tranter D. J., United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization, 153–157, ISBN 92-3-101194-4, 1968.
Upstill-Goddard, R. C., Rees, A. P., and Owens, N. J. P.: Simultaneous high-precision measurements of methane and nitrous oxide in water and seawater by single phase equilibration gas chromatography, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. I, 43, 1669–1682, 1996.
Uriarte, I., Villate, F., Iriarte, A., Fanjul, Á., Atkinson, A., and Cook, K.: Opposite phenological responses of zooplankton to climate along a latitudinal gradient through the European Shelf, ICES J. Marine Sci., 78, 1090–1107, 2021.
Utermohl, H.: Zur Vervollkommung der quantitativen phytoplankton-methodik, Mitteilung Internationale Vereinigung Fuer Theoretische und Angewandte Limnologie, 9, 39, 1958.
Uye, S.-i., Nagano, N., and Tamaki, H.: Geographical and seasonal variations in abundance, biomass and estimated production rates of microzooplankton in the Inland Sea of Japan, J. Oceanogr., 52, 689–703, 1996.
Vucetich, J. A., Nelson, M. P., and Bruskotter, J. T.: What drives declining support for long-term ecological research?, BioScience, 70, 168–173, 2020.
Weiss, R. F. and Price, B. A.: Nitrous oxide solubility in water and seawater, Marine Chem., 8, 347–359, 1980.
Welschmeyer, N. A.: Fluorometric analysis of chlorophyll a in the presence of chlorophyll b and pheopigments, Limnol. Oceanogr., 39, 1985–1992, 1994.
Widdicombe, C. E. and Harbour, D.: Phytoplankton taxonomic abundance and biomass time-series at Plymouth Station L4 in the Western English Channel, 1992-2020. NERC EDS British Oceanographic Data Centre NOC [dataset], https://doi.org/10.5285/c9386b5c-b459-782f-e053-6c86abc0d129, 2021.
Widdicombe, C. E., Eloire, D., Harbour, D., Harris, R. P., and Somerfield, P. J.: Long-term phytoplankton community dynamics in the Western English Channel, J. Plankton Res., 32, 643–655, 2010.
Zapata, M., Rodríguez, F., and Garrido, J. L.: Separation of chlorophylls and carotenoids from marine phytoplankton: a new HPLC method using a reversed phase C8 column and pyridine-containing mobile phases, Marine Ecol. Prog. Ser., 195, 29–45, 2000.
Short summary
Western Channel Observatory is an oceanographic time series and biodiversity reference site within 40 km of Plymouth (UK), sampled since 1903. Differing levels of reporting and formatting hamper the use of the valuable individual datasets. We provide the first summary database as monthly averages where comparisons can be made of the physical, chemical and biological data. We describe the database, illustrate its utility to examine seasonality and longer-term trends, and summarize previous work.
Western Channel Observatory is an oceanographic time series and biodiversity reference site...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint