Articles | Volume 14, issue 7
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-3365-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-3365-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Data description paper
| 
20 Jul 2022
Data description paper |
| 20 Jul 2022
| 20 Jul 2022
A repository of measured soil freezing characteristic curves: 1921 to 2021
Earth and Planetary Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
Geography and Environmental Studies, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada
Stephan Gruber
Geography and Environmental Studies, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada
Jeffrey M. McKenzie
Earth and Planetary Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
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Climate change is altering water cycle in mountain regions as glaciers melt, but slower-degrading rock glaciers remain influential. This study examines how a rock glacier in Yukon, Canada, interacts with a riverbed, using advanced methods like thermal and time-lapse imagery. It shows that rock glaciers shape river channels, affect groundwater flow, and encourage ice formation in winter. These findings reveal how rock glaciers link mountain ice to deep groundwater, impacting water resources.
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This study demonstrates how climate warming in peatland-dominated regions of discontinuous permafrost is changing the form and function of the landscape. Key insights into the rates and patterns of such changes in the coming decades are provided through careful identification of land cover transitional stages and characterization of the hydrological and energy balance regimes for each stage.
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Climate change is altering water cycle in mountain regions as glaciers melt, but slower-degrading rock glaciers remain influential. This study examines how a rock glacier in Yukon, Canada, interacts with a riverbed, using advanced methods like thermal and time-lapse imagery. It shows that rock glaciers shape river channels, affect groundwater flow, and encourage ice formation in winter. These findings reveal how rock glaciers link mountain ice to deep groundwater, impacting water resources.
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Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 2865–2882, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-2865-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-2865-2022, 2022
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This study demonstrates how climate warming in peatland-dominated regions of discontinuous permafrost is changing the form and function of the landscape. Key insights into the rates and patterns of such changes in the coming decades are provided through careful identification of land cover transitional stages and characterization of the hydrological and energy balance regimes for each stage.
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We present a new method to compute temperature changes with melting and freezing – a fundamental challenge in cryosphere research – extremely efficiently and with guaranteed correctness of the energy balance for any time step size. This is a key feature since the integration time step can then be chosen according to the timescale of the processes to be studied, from seconds to days.
John Mohd Wani, Renoj J. Thayyen, Chandra Shekhar Prasad Ojha, and Stephan Gruber
The Cryosphere, 15, 2273–2293, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-2273-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-2273-2021, 2021
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We study the surface energy balance from a cold-arid permafrost environment in the Indian Himalayan region. The GEOtop model was used for the modelling of surface energy balance. Our results show that the variability in the turbulent heat fluxes is similar to that reported from the seasonally frozen ground and permafrost regions of the Tibetan Plateau. Further, the low relative humidity could be playing a critical role in the surface energy balance and the permafrost processes.
Jeffrey M. McKenzie, Barret L. Kurylyk, Michelle A. Walvoord, Victor F. Bense, Daniel Fortier, Christopher Spence, and Christophe Grenier
The Cryosphere, 15, 479–484, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-479-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-479-2021, 2021
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Groundwater is an underappreciated catalyst of environmental change in a warming Arctic. We provide evidence of how changing groundwater systems underpin surface changes in the north, and we argue for research and inclusion of cryohydrogeology, the study of groundwater in cold regions.
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Permafrost beneath tundra near Lac de Gras (Northwest Territories, Canada) contains more ice and less organic carbon than shown in global compilations. Excess-ice content of 20–60 %, likely remnant Laurentide basal ice, is found in upland till. This study is based on 24 boreholes up to 10 m deep. Findings highlight geology and glacial legacy as determinants of a mosaic of permafrost characteristics with potential for thaw subsidence up to several metres in some locations.
Bin Cao, Stephan Gruber, Donghai Zheng, and Xin Li
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Samuel Weber, Jan Beutel, Reto Da Forno, Alain Geiger, Stephan Gruber, Tonio Gsell, Andreas Hasler, Matthias Keller, Roman Lim, Philippe Limpach, Matthias Meyer, Igor Talzi, Lothar Thiele, Christian Tschudin, Andreas Vieli, Daniel Vonder Mühll, and Mustafa Yücel
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Pan Wu, Sihai Liang, Xu-Sheng Wang, Yuqing Feng, and Jeffrey M. McKenzie
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This study provides a new assessment of climate change impacts on discharge change in the source region of the Yellow River in considering vary perrmafrost.
Bin Cao, Stephan Gruber, and Tingjun Zhang
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Stephan Gruber, Renate Fleiner, Emilie Guegan, Prajjwal Panday, Marc-Olivier Schmid, Dorothea Stumm, Philippus Wester, Yinsheng Zhang, and Lin Zhao
The Cryosphere, 11, 81–99, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-11-81-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-11-81-2017, 2017
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V. Wirz, S. Gruber, R. S. Purves, J. Beutel, I. Gärtner-Roer, S. Gubler, and A. Vieli
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M.-O. Schmid, P. Baral, S. Gruber, S. Shahi, T. Shrestha, D. Stumm, and P. Wester
The Cryosphere, 9, 2089–2099, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-9-2089-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-9-2089-2015, 2015
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B. L. Kurylyk, K. T. B. MacQuarrie, D. Caissie, and J. M. McKenzie
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 2469–2489, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-2469-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-2469-2015, 2015
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Changes in climate and land cover are known to warm streams by altering surface heat fluxes. However, the influence of these disturbances on shallow groundwater temperature are not as well understood. In small streams, groundwater discharge may also exert a control on stream temperature, and thus groundwater warming may eventually produce additional stream warming not considered in most existing models. This study investigates these processes and suggests stream temperature model improvements.
A. Hasler, M. Geertsema, V. Foord, S. Gruber, and J. Noetzli
The Cryosphere, 9, 1025–1038, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-9-1025-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-9-1025-2015, 2015
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In this paper we describe surface and thermal offsets derived from distributed measurements at seven field sites in British Columbia. Key findings are i) a small variation of the surface offsets between surface types; ii) small thermal offsets at all sites; iii) a clear influence of the micro-topography due to snow cover effects; iv) a north--south difference of the surface offset of 4°C in vertical bedrock and of 1.5–-3°C on open gentle slopes; v) only small macroclimatic differences.
J. Fiddes, S. Endrizzi, and S. Gruber
The Cryosphere, 9, 411–426, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-9-411-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-9-411-2015, 2015
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This paper demonstrates a new land surface modelling approach that uses globally available data sets to generate high-resolution simulation results of land surface processes. We successfully simulate a highly resolution-dependent variable, ground surface temperatures, over the entire Swiss Alps at high resolution. We use a large evaluation data set to test the model. We suggest that this scheme represents a useful step in application of numerical models over large areas in heterogeneous terrain.
S. Endrizzi, S. Gruber, M. Dall'Amico, and R. Rigon
Geosci. Model Dev., 7, 2831–2857, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-7-2831-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-7-2831-2014, 2014
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GEOtop is a fine scale grid-based simulator that represents the heat and water budgets at and below the soil surface, reproduces the highly non-linear interactions between the water and energy balance during soil freezing and thawing and simulates snow cover. The core components of GEOtop 2.0. are described. Based on a synthetic simulation, it is shown that the interaction of processes represented in GEOtop 2.0. can result in phenomena that are relevant for applications involving frozen soils.
V. Wirz, J. Beutel, S. Gruber, S. Gubler, and R. S. Purves
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 14, 2503–2520, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-14-2503-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-14-2503-2014, 2014
J. Fiddes and S. Gruber
Geosci. Model Dev., 7, 387–405, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-7-387-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-7-387-2014, 2014
S. Gubler, S. Endrizzi, S. Gruber, and R. S. Purves
Geosci. Model Dev., 6, 1319–1336, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-6-1319-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-6-1319-2013, 2013
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In this study, we developed the second version of China's high-resolution soil information grid using legacy soil samples and advanced machine learning. This version predicts over 20 soil properties at six depths, providing accurate soil variation maps across China. It outperforms previous versions and global products, offering valuable data for hydrological and ecological analyses and Earth system modelling, enhancing our understanding of soil roles in environmental processes.
Gerald Dicen, Floriane Guillevic, Surya Gupta, Pierre-Alexis Chaboche, Katrin Meusburger, Pierre Sabatier, Olivier Evrard, and Christine Alewell
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Fallout radionuclides such as 137Cs and 239+240Pu are considered as critical tools in various environmental research. Here, we compiled reference soil data on these fallout radionuclides from the literature to build a comprehensive database. Using this database, we determined the distribution and sources of 137Cs and 239+240Pu. We also demonstrated how the database can be used to identify the environmental factors that influence their distribution using a machine-learning algorithm.
Xiaoying Li, Huijun Jin, Qi Feng, Qingbai Wu, Hongwei Wang, Ruixia He, Dongliang Luo, Xiaoli Chang, Raul-David Şerban, and Tao Zhan
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In Northeast China, the permafrost is more sensitive to climate warming and fire disturbances than the boreal and Arctic permafrost. Since 2016, a continuous ground hydrothermal regime and soil nutrient content observation system has been gradually established in Northeast China. The integrated dataset includes soil moisture content, soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, ground temperatures at depths of 0–20 m, and active layer thickness from 2016 to 2022.
Niels H. Batjes, Luis Calisto, and Luis M. de Sousa
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 4735–4765, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-4735-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-4735-2024, 2024
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Anatol Helfenstein, Vera L. Mulder, Mirjam J. D. Hack-ten Broeke, Maarten van Doorn, Kees Teuling, Dennis J. J. Walvoort, and Gerard B. M. Heuvelink
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 2941–2970, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-2941-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-2941-2024, 2024
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Earth system models and decision support systems greatly benefit from high-resolution soil information with quantified accuracy. Here we introduce BIS-4D, a statistical modeling platform that predicts nine essential soil properties and their uncertainties at 25 m resolution in surface 2 m across the Netherlands. Using machine learning informed by up to 856 000 soil observations coupled with 366 spatially explicit environmental variables, prediction accuracy was the highest for clay, sand and pH.
Songchao Chen, Zhongxing Chen, Xianglin Zhang, Zhongkui Luo, Calogero Schillaci, Dominique Arrouays, Anne Christine Richer-de-Forges, and Zhou Shi
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 2367–2383, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-2367-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-2367-2024, 2024
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A new dataset for topsoil bulk density (BD) and soil organic carbon (SOC) stock (0–20 cm) across Europe using machine learning was generated. The proposed approach performed better in BD prediction and slightly better in SOC stock prediction than earlier-published PTFs. The outcomes present a meaningful advancement in enhancing the accuracy of BD, and the resultant topsoil BD and SOC stock datasets across Europe enable more precise soil hydrological and biological modeling.
Sergio Díaz-Guadarrama, Viviana M. Varón-Ramírez, Iván Lizarazo, Mario Guevara, Marcos Angelini, Gustavo A. Araujo-Carrillo, Jainer Argeñal, Daphne Armas, Rafael A. Balta, Adriana Bolivar, Nelson Bustamante, Ricardo O. Dart, Martin Dell Acqua, Arnulfo Encina, Hernán Figueredo, Fernando Fontes, Joan S. Gutiérrez-Díaz, Wilmer Jiménez, Raúl S. Lavado, Jesús F. Mansilla-Baca, Maria de Lourdes Mendonça-Santos, Lucas M. Moretti, Iván D. Muñoz, Carolina Olivera, Guillermo Olmedo, Christian Omuto, Sol Ortiz, Carla Pascale, Marco Pfeiffer, Iván A. Ramos, Danny Ríos, Rafael Rivera, Lady M. Rodriguez, Darío M. Rodríguez, Albán Rosales, Kenset Rosales, Guillermo Schulz, Víctor Sevilla, Leonardo M. Tenti, Ronald Vargas, Gustavo M. Vasques, Yusuf Yigini, and Yolanda Rubiano
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 1229–1246, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1229-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1229-2024, 2024
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In this work, the Latin America and Caribbean Soil Information System (SISLAC) database (https://54.229.242.119/sislac/es) was revised to generate an improved version of the data. Rules for data enhancement were defined. In addition, other datasets available in the region were included. Subsequently, through a principal component analysis (PCA), the main soil characteristics for the region were analyzed. We hope this dataset can help mitigate problems such as food security and global warming.
Qian Ding, Hua Shao, Chi Zhang, and Xia Fang
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 4599–4612, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-4599-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-4599-2023, 2023
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A soil survey in 41 Chinese cities showed the soil nitrogen (N) in impervious surface areas (ISA; NISA) was 0.59±0.35 kg m−2, lower than in pervious soils. Eastern China had the highest NISA but the lowest natural soil N in China. Soil N decreased linearly with depth in ISA but nonlinearly in natural ecosystems. Temperature was negatively correlated with C : NISA but positively correlated with natural soil C : N. The unique NISA patterns imply intensive disturbance in N cycle by soil sealing.
Lukas Rimondini, Thomas Gumbricht, Anders Ahlström, and Gustaf Hugelius
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 3473–3482, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3473-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3473-2023, 2023
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Peatlands have historically sequestrated large amounts of carbon and contributed to atmospheric cooling. However, human activities and climate change may instead turn them into considerable carbon emitters. In this study, we produced high-quality maps showing the extent of peatlands in the forests of Sweden, one of the most peatland-dense countries in the world. The maps are publicly available and may be used to support work promoting sustainable peatland management and combat their degradation.
Daphne Armas, Mario Guevara, Fernando Bezares, Rodrigo Vargas, Pilar Durante, Víctor Osorio, Wilmer Jiménez, and Cecilio Oyonarte
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 431–445, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-431-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-431-2023, 2023
Short summary
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The global need for updated soil datasets has increased. Our main objective was to synthesize and harmonize soil profile information collected by two different projects in Ecuador between 2009 and 2015.The main result was the development of the Harmonized Soil Database of Ecuador (HESD) that includes information from 13 542 soil profiles with over 51 713 measured soil horizons, including 92 different edaphic variables, and follows international standards for archiving and sharing soil data.
Fei Cheng, Zhao Zhang, Huimin Zhuang, Jichong Han, Yuchuan Luo, Juan Cao, Liangliang Zhang, Jing Zhang, Jialu Xu, and Fulu Tao
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 395–409, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-395-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-395-2023, 2023
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We generated a 1 km daily soil moisture dataset for dryland wheat and maize across China (ChinaCropSM1 km) over 1993–2018 through random forest regression, based on in situ observations. Our improved products have a remarkably better quality compared with the public global products in terms of both spatial and time dimensions by integrating an irrigation module (crop type, phenology, soil depth). The dataset may be useful for agriculture drought monitoring and crop yield forecasting studies.
Viviana Marcela Varón-Ramírez, Gustavo Alfonso Araujo-Carrillo, and Mario Antonio Guevara Santamaría
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 4719–4741, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-4719-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-4719-2022, 2022
Short summary
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These are the first national soil texture maps obtained via digital soil mapping. We built clay, sand, and silt maps using spatial assembling with the best possible predictions at different depths. Also, we identified the better model for each pixel. This work was done to address the lack of soil texture maps in Colombia, and it can provide soil information for water-related applications, ecosystem services, and agricultural and crop modeling.
Qiang Zhang, Qiangqiang Yuan, Taoyong Jin, Meiping Song, and Fujun Sun
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 4473–4488, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-4473-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-4473-2022, 2022
Short summary
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Compared to previous seamless global daily soil moisture (SGD-SM 1.0) products, SGD-SM 2.0 enlarges the temporal scope from 2002 to 2022. By fusing auxiliary precipitation information with the long short-term memory convolutional neural network (LSTM-CNN) model, SGD-SM 2.0 can consider sudden extreme weather conditions for 1 d in global daily soil moisture products and is significant for full-coverage global daily hydrologic monitoring, rather than averaging monthly–quarterly–yearly results.
Juri Palmtag, Jaroslav Obu, Peter Kuhry, Andreas Richter, Matthias B. Siewert, Niels Weiss, Sebastian Westermann, and Gustaf Hugelius
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 4095–4110, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-4095-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-4095-2022, 2022
Short summary
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The northern permafrost region covers 22 % of the Northern Hemisphere and holds almost twice as much carbon as the atmosphere. This paper presents data from 651 soil pedons encompassing more than 6500 samples from 16 different study areas across the northern permafrost region. We use this dataset together with ESA's global land cover dataset to estimate soil organic carbon and total nitrogen storage up to 300 cm soil depth, with estimated values of 813 Pg for carbon and 55 Pg for nitrogen.
Hongru Sun, Zhenzhu Xu, and Bingrui Jia
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 2951–2961, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-2951-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-2951-2022, 2022
Short summary
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We compiled a new soil respiration (Rs) database of China's forests from 568 studies published up to 2018. The hourly, monthly, and annual samples were 8317, 5003, and 634, respectively. Most of the Rs data are shown in figures but were seldom exploited. For the first time, these data were digitized, accounting for 82 % of samples. Rs measured with common methods was selected (Li-6400, Li-8100, Li-8150, gas chromatography) and showed small differences of ~10 %. Bamboo had the highest Rs.
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Short summary
Soil freezing characteristic curves (SFCCs) relate the temperature of a soil to its ice content. SFCCs are needed in all physically based numerical models representing freezing and thawing soils, and they affect the movement of water in the subsurface, biogeochemical processes, soil mechanics, and ecology. Over a century of SFCC data exist, showing high variability in SFCCs based on soil texture, water content, and other factors. This repository summarizes all available SFCC data and metadata.
Soil freezing characteristic curves (SFCCs) relate the temperature of a soil to its ice content....
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