Articles | Volume 15, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-133-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Special issue:
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-133-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Data description paper
| 
09 Jan 2023
Data description paper |
| 09 Jan 2023
| 09 Jan 2023
CALC-2020: a new baseline land cover map at 10 m resolution for the circumpolar Arctic
Chong Liu
School of Geospatial Engineering and Science, Sun Yat-sen University,
and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai),
Zhuhai 519082, China
Xiaoqing Xu
Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen 518066, China
Xuejie Feng
School of Geospatial Engineering and Science, Sun Yat-sen University,
and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai),
Zhuhai 519082, China
Xiao Cheng
School of Geospatial Engineering and Science, Sun Yat-sen University,
and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai),
Zhuhai 519082, China
State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Aerospace Information
Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
Huabing Huang
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
School of Geospatial Engineering and Science, Sun Yat-sen University,
and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai),
Zhuhai 519082, China
Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen 518066, China
International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development
Goals, Beijing 100094, China
Related authors
Yan Sun, Shaoyin Wang, Xiao Cheng, Teng Li, Chong Liu, Yufang Ye, and Xi Zhao
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1177, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1177, 2024
Preprint archived
Short summary
Short summary
Arctic sea ice has rapidly declined due to global warming, leading to extreme weather events. Accurate ice monitoring is vital for understanding and forecasting these impacts. Combining SAR and AMSR2 data with machine learning is efficient but requires sufficient labels. We propose a framework integrating the U-Net model with the Multi-textRG algorithm to achieve ice-water classification at SAR-level resolution and to generate accurate labels for improved U-Net model training.
Miao Zhang, Bingfang Wu, Hongwei Zeng, Guojin He, Chong Liu, Shiqi Tao, Qi Zhang, Mohsen Nabil, Fuyou Tian, José Bofana, Awetahegn Niguse Beyene, Abdelrazek Elnashar, Nana Yan, Zhengdong Wang, and Yiliang Liu
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 4799–4817, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-4799-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-4799-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Cropping intensity (CI) is essential for agricultural land use management, but fine-resolution global CI is not available. We used multiple satellite data on Google Earth Engine to develop a first 30 m resolution global CI (GCI30). GCI30 performed well, with an overall accuracy of 92 %. GCI30 not only exhibited high agreement with existing CI products but also provided many spatial details. GCI30 can facilitate research on sustained cropland intensification to improve food production.
Fukai Peng, Xiaoli Deng, Yunzhong Shen, and Xiao Cheng
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-385, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-385, 2024
Preprint under review for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
A new reprocessed altimeter coastal sea level dataset, namely IAS2024, for monitoring sea level changes along the world’s coastlines has been presented. The evaluation and validation results confirm the reliability of this dataset. The altimeter-based virtual stations along the world’s coastlines can be built from this dataset to monitor the coastal sea level changes where tide gauges are unavailable. Therefore, it would be beneficial for both oceanographic communities and policy makers.
Shuang Chen, Jie Wang, Qiang Liu, Xiangan Liang, Rui Liu, Peng Qin, Jincheng Yuan, Junbo Wei, Shuai Yuan, Huabing Huang, and Peng Gong
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-178, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-178, 2024
Revised manuscript accepted for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
The inconsistent coverage of Landsat data due to its long revisit intervals and frequent cloud cover poses challenges to large-scale land monitoring. We developed a global, 30-m, 23-year (2000–2022), and daily Seamless Data Cube (SDC) of surface reflectance based on Landsat 5,7,8,9 and MODIS products. The SDC exhibits enhanced capabilities for monitoring land cover changes and robust consistency in both spatial and temporal dimensions, which are important for global environmental monitoring.
Yan Sun, Shaoyin Wang, Xiao Cheng, Teng Li, Chong Liu, Yufang Ye, and Xi Zhao
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1177, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1177, 2024
Preprint archived
Short summary
Short summary
Arctic sea ice has rapidly declined due to global warming, leading to extreme weather events. Accurate ice monitoring is vital for understanding and forecasting these impacts. Combining SAR and AMSR2 data with machine learning is efficient but requires sufficient labels. We propose a framework integrating the U-Net model with the Multi-textRG algorithm to achieve ice-water classification at SAR-level resolution and to generate accurate labels for improved U-Net model training.
Haihan Hu, Jiechen Zhao, Petra Heil, Zhiliang Qin, Jingkai Ma, Fengming Hui, and Xiao Cheng
The Cryosphere, 17, 2231–2244, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-2231-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-2231-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The oceanic characteristics beneath sea ice significantly affect ice growth and melting. The high-frequency and long-term observations of oceanic variables allow us to deeply investigate their diurnal and seasonal variation and evaluate their influences on sea ice evolution. The large-scale sea ice distribution and ocean circulation contributed to the seasonal variation of ocean variables, revealing the important relationship between large-scale and local phenomena.
Yufang Ye, Yanbing Luo, Yan Sun, Mohammed Shokr, Signe Aaboe, Fanny Girard-Ardhuin, Fengming Hui, Xiao Cheng, and Zhuoqi Chen
The Cryosphere, 17, 279–308, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-279-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-279-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Arctic sea ice type (SITY) variation is a sensitive indicator of climate change. This study gives a systematic inter-comparison and evaluation of eight SITY products. Main results include differences in SITY products being significant, with average Arctic multiyear ice extent up to 1.8×106 km2; Ku-band scatterometer SITY products generally performing better; and factors such as satellite inputs, classification methods, training datasets and post-processing highly impacting their performance.
Qi Liang, Wanxin Xiao, Ian Howat, Xiao Cheng, Fengming Hui, Zhuoqi Chen, Mi Jiang, and Lei Zheng
The Cryosphere, 16, 2671–2681, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-2671-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-2671-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Using multi-temporal ArcticDEM and ICESat-2 altimetry data, we document changes in surface elevation of a subglacial lake basin from 2012 to 2021. The long-term measurements show that the subglacial lake was recharged by surface meltwater and that a rapid drainage event in late August 2019 induced an abrupt ice velocity change. Multiple factors regulate the episodic filling and drainage of the lake. Our study also reveals ~ 64 % of the surface meltwater successfully descended to the bed.
Yijing Lin, Yan Liu, Zhitong Yu, Xiao Cheng, Qiang Shen, and Liyun Zhao
The Cryosphere Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-2021-325, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-2021-325, 2021
Preprint withdrawn
Short summary
Short summary
We introduce an uncertainty analysis framework for comprehensively and systematically quantifying the uncertainties of the Antarctic mass balance using the Input and Output Method. It is difficult to use the previous strategies employed in various methods and the available data to achieve the goal of estimation accuracy. The dominant cause of the future uncertainty is the ice thickness data gap. The interannual variability of ice discharge caused by velocity and thickness is also nonnegligible.
Miao Zhang, Bingfang Wu, Hongwei Zeng, Guojin He, Chong Liu, Shiqi Tao, Qi Zhang, Mohsen Nabil, Fuyou Tian, José Bofana, Awetahegn Niguse Beyene, Abdelrazek Elnashar, Nana Yan, Zhengdong Wang, and Yiliang Liu
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 4799–4817, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-4799-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-4799-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Cropping intensity (CI) is essential for agricultural land use management, but fine-resolution global CI is not available. We used multiple satellite data on Google Earth Engine to develop a first 30 m resolution global CI (GCI30). GCI30 performed well, with an overall accuracy of 92 %. GCI30 not only exhibited high agreement with existing CI products but also provided many spatial details. GCI30 can facilitate research on sustained cropland intensification to improve food production.
Mengzhen Qi, Yan Liu, Jiping Liu, Xiao Cheng, Yijing Lin, Qiyang Feng, Qiang Shen, and Zhitong Yu
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 4583–4601, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-4583-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-4583-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
A total of 1975 annual calving events larger than 1 km2 were detected on the Antarctic ice shelves from August 2005 to August 2020. The average annual calved area was measured as 3549.1 km2, and the average calving rate was measured as 770.3 Gt yr-1. Iceberg calving is most prevalent in West Antarctica, followed by the Antarctic Peninsula and Wilkes Land in East Antarctica. This annual iceberg calving dataset provides consistent and precise calving observations with the longest time coverage.
Linlu Mei, Vladimir Rozanov, Evelyn Jäkel, Xiao Cheng, Marco Vountas, and John P. Burrows
The Cryosphere, 15, 2781–2802, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-2781-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-2781-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents a new snow property retrieval algorithm from satellite observations. This is Part 2 of two companion papers and shows the results and validation. The paper performs the new retrieval algorithm on the Sea and Land
Surface Temperature Radiometer (SLSTR) instrument and compares the retrieved snow properties with ground-based measurements, aircraft measurements and other satellite products.
Yu Zhou, Jianlong Chen, and Xiao Cheng
Earth Surf. Dynam. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-2021-21, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-2021-21, 2021
Preprint withdrawn
Related subject area
Domain: ESSD – Land | Subject: Land Cover and Land Use
Enhancing high-resolution forest stand mean height mapping in China through an individual tree-based approach with close-range lidar data
Annual high-resolution grazing-intensity maps on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau from 1990 to 2020
Global mapping of oil palm planting year from 1990 to 2021
A 28-time-point cropland area change dataset in Northeast China from 1000 to 2020
Mapping sugarcane globally at 10 m resolution using Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation (GEDI) and Sentinel-2
Annual maps of forest and evergreen forest in the contiguous United States during 2015–2017 from analyses of PALSAR-2 and Landsat images
Monsoon Asia Rice Calendar (MARC): a gridded rice calendar in monsoon Asia based on Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 images
A 100 m gridded population dataset of China's seventh census using ensemble learning and big geospatial data
Annual time-series 1 km maps of crop area and types in the conterminous US (CropAT-US): cropping diversity changes during 1850–2021
Retrieval of dominant methane (CH4) emission sources, the first high-resolution (1–2 m) dataset of storage tanks of China in 2000–2021
A 10 m resolution land cover map of the Tibetan Plateau with detailed vegetation types
ChinaSoyArea10m: a dataset of soybean-planting areas with a spatial resolution of 10 m across China from 2017 to 2021
Physical, social, and biological attributes for improved understanding and prediction of wildfires: FPA FOD-Attributes dataset
3D-GloBFP: the first global three-dimensional building footprint dataset
Map of forest tree species for Poland based on Sentinel-2 data
Global 30-m seamless data cube (2000–2022) of land surface reflectance generated from Landsat-5,7,8,9 and MODIS Terra constellations
The ABoVE L-band and P-band airborne synthetic aperture radar surveys
A 30 m annual cropland dataset of China from 1986 to 2021
Global 1 km land surface parameters for kilometer-scale Earth system modeling
A flux tower site attribute dataset intended for land surface modeling
ChinaRiceCalendar – seasonal crop calendars for early-, middle-, and late-season rice in China
Harmonized European Union subnational crop statistics can reveal climate impacts and crop cultivation shifts
GLC_FCS30D: the first global 30 m land-cover dynamics monitoring product with a fine classification system for the period from 1985 to 2022 generated using dense-time-series Landsat imagery and the continuous change-detection method
A global estimate of monthly vegetation and soil fractions from spatiotemporally adaptive spectral mixture analysis during 2001–2022
A 2020 forest age map for China with 30 m resolution
Country-level estimates of gross and net carbon fluxes from land use, land-use change and forestry
A global FAOSTAT reference database of cropland nutrient budgets and nutrient use efficiency (1961–2020): nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium
Advancements in LUCAS Copernicus 2022: Enhancing Earth Observation with Comprehensive In-Situ Data on EU Land Cover and Use
Annual maps of forest cover in the Brazilian Amazon from analyses of PALSAR and MODIS images
Global 500 m seamless dataset (2000–2022) of land surface reflectance generated from MODIS products
The first map of crop sequence types in Europe over 2012–2018
WorldCereal: a dynamic open-source system for global-scale, seasonal, and reproducible crop and irrigation mapping
High-resolution mapping of global winter-triticeae crops using a sample-free identification method
Mapping Rangeland Health Indicators in East Africa from 2000 to 2022
A new cropland area database by country circa 2020
FORMS: Forest Multiple Source height, wood volume, and biomass maps in France at 10 to 30 m resolution based on Sentinel-1, Sentinel-2, and Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation (GEDI) data with a deep learning approach
SinoLC-1: the first 1 m resolution national-scale land-cover map of China created with a deep learning framework and open-access data
HISDAC-ES: historical settlement data compilation for Spain (1900–2020)
LCM2021 – the UK Land Cover Map 2021
ChinaWheatYield30m: a 30 m annual winter wheat yield dataset from 2016 to 2021 in China
Refined fine-scale mapping of tree cover using time series of Planet-NICFI and Sentinel-1 imagery for Southeast Asia (2016–2021)
High-resolution global map of closed-canopy coconut palm
High-resolution land use and land cover dataset for regional climate modelling: historical and future changes in Europe
Global urban fractional changes at a 1 km resolution throughout 2100 under eight scenarios of Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) and Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs)
China Building Rooftop Area: the first multi-annual (2016–2021) and high-resolution (2.5 m) building rooftop area dataset in China derived with super-resolution segmentation from Sentinel-2 imagery
High-resolution distribution maps of single-season rice in China from 2017 to 2022
Mapping global non-floodplain wetlands
An improved global land cover mapping in 2015 with 30 m resolution (GLC-2015) based on a multisource product-fusion approach
Annual emissions of carbon from land use, land-use change, and forestry from 1850 to 2020
An open-source automatic survey of green roofs in London using segmentation of aerial imagery
Yuling Chen, Haitao Yang, Zekun Yang, Qiuli Yang, Weiyan Liu, Guoran Huang, Yu Ren, Kai Cheng, Tianyu Xiang, Mengxi Chen, Danyang Lin, Zhiyong Qi, Jiachen Xu, Yixuan Zhang, Guangcai Xu, and Qinghua Guo
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 5267–5285, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-5267-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-5267-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The national-scale continuous maps of arithmetic mean height and weighted mean height across China address the challenges of accurately estimating forest stand mean height using a tree-based approach. These maps produced in this study provide critical datasets for forest sustainable management in China, including climate change mitigation (e.g., terrestrial carbon estimation), forest ecosystem assessment, and forest inventory practices.
Jia Zhou, Jin Niu, Ning Wu, and Tao Lu
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 5171–5189, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-5171-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-5171-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The study provided an annual 100 m resolution glimpse into the grazing activities across the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau. The newly minted Gridded Dataset of Grazing Intensity (GDGI) not only boasts exceptional accuracy but also acts as a pivotal resource for further research and strategic planning, with the potential to shape sustainable grazing practices, guide informed environmental stewardship, and ensure the longevity of the region’s precious ecosystems.
Adrià Descals, David L. A. Gaveau, Serge Wich, Zoltan Szantoi, and Erik Meijaard
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 5111–5129, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-5111-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-5111-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study provides a 10 m global oil palm extent layer for 2021 and a 30 m oil palm planting-year layer from 1990 to 2021. The oil palm extent layer was produced using a convolutional neural network that identified industrial and smallholder plantations using Sentinel-1 data. The oil palm planting year was developed using a methodology specifically designed to detect the early stages of oil palm development in the Landsat time series.
Ran Jia, Xiuqi Fang, Yundi Yang, Masayuki Yokozawa, and Yu Ye
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 4971–4994, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-4971-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-4971-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We reconstructed a cropland area change dataset in Northeast China over the past millennium by integrating multisource data with a unified standard using the historical and archaeological record, statistical yearbook, and national land survey. Cropland in Northeast China exhibited phases of expansion–reduction–expansion over the past millennium. This dataset can be used for improving the land use and land cover change (LUCC) dataset and assessing LUCC-induced carbon emission and climate change.
Stefania Di Tommaso, Sherrie Wang, Rob Strey, and David B. Lobell
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 4931–4947, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-4931-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-4931-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Sugarcane plays a vital role in food, biofuel, and farmer income globally, yet its cultivation faces numerous social and environmental challenges. Despite its significance, accurate mapping remains limited. Our study addresses this gap by introducing a novel 10 m global dataset of sugarcane maps spanning 2019–2022. Comparisons with field data, pre-existing maps, and official government statistics all indicate the high precision and high recall of our maps.
Jie Wang, Xiangming Xiao, Yuanwei Qin, Jinwei Dong, Geli Zhang, Xuebin Yang, Xiaocui Wu, Chandrashekhar Biradar, and Yang Hu
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 4619–4639, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-4619-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-4619-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Existing satellite-based forest maps have large uncertainties due to different forest definitions and mapping algorithms. To effectively manage forest resources, timely and accurate annual forest maps at a high spatial resolution are needed. This study improved forest maps by integrating PALSAR-2 and Landsat images. Annual evergreen and non-evergreen forest-type maps were also generated. This critical information supports the Global Forest Resources Assessment.
Xin Zhao, Kazuya Nishina, Haruka Izumisawa, Yuji Masutomi, Seima Osako, and Shuhei Yamamoto
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 3893–3911, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-3893-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-3893-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Mapping a rice calendar in a spatially explicit manner with a consistent framework remains challenging at a global or continental scale. We successfully developed a new gridded rice calendar for monsoon Asia based on Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 images, which characterize transplanting and harvesting dates and the number of rice croppings in a comprehensive framework. Our rice calendar will be beneficial for rice management, production prediction, and the estimation of greenhouse gas emissions.
Yuehong Chen, Congcong Xu, Yong Ge, Xiaoxiang Zhang, and Ya'nan Zhou
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 3705–3718, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-3705-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-3705-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Population data is crucial for human–nature interactions. Gridded population data can address limitations of census data in irregular units. In China, rapid urbanization necessitates timely and accurate population grids. However, existing datasets for China are either outdated or lack recent census data. Hence, a novel approach was developed to disaggregate China’s seventh census data into 100 m population grids. The resulting dataset outperformed the existing LandScan and WorldPop datasets.
Shuchao Ye, Peiyu Cao, and Chaoqun Lu
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 3453–3470, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-3453-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-3453-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We reconstructed annual cropland density and crop type maps, including nine major crop types (corn, soybean, winter wheat, spring wheat, durum wheat, cotton, sorghum, barley, and rice), from 1850 to 2021 at 1 km × 1 km resolution. We found that the US total crop acreage has increased by 118 × 106 ha (118 Mha), mainly driven by corn (30 Mha) and soybean (35 Mha). Additionally, the US cropping diversity experienced an increase in the 1850s–1960s, followed by a decline over the past 6 decades.
Fang Chen, Lei Wang, Yu Wang, Haiying Zhang, Ning Wang, Pengfei Ma, and Bo Yu
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 3369–3382, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-3369-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-3369-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Storage tanks are responsible for approximately 25 % of CH4 emissions in the atmosphere, exacerbating climate warming. Currently there is no publicly accessible storage tank inventory. We generated the first high-spatial-resolution (1–2 m) storage tank dataset (STD) over 92 typical cities in China in 2021, totaling 14 461 storage tanks with the construction year from 2000–2021. It shows significant agreement with CH4 emission spatially and temporally, promoting the CH4 control strategy proposal.
Xingyi Huang, Yuwei Yin, Luwei Feng, Xiaoye Tong, Xiaoxin Zhang, Jiangrong Li, and Feng Tian
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 3307–3332, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-3307-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-3307-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The Tibetan Plateau, with its diverse vegetation ranging from forests to alpine grasslands, plays a key role in understanding climate change impacts. Existing maps lack detail or miss unique ecosystems. Our research, using advanced satellite technology and machine learning, produced the map TP_LC10-2022. Comparisons with other maps revealed TP_LC10-2022's excellence in capturing local variations. Our map is significant for in-depth ecological studies.
Qinghang Mei, Zhao Zhang, Jichong Han, Jie Song, Jinwei Dong, Huaqing Wu, Jialu Xu, and Fulu Tao
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 3213–3231, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-3213-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-3213-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In order to make up for the lack of long-term soybean planting area maps in China, we firstly generated a dataset of soybean planting area with a spatial resolution of 10 m for major producing areas in China from 2017 to 2021 (ChinaSoyArea10m). Compared with existing datasets, ChinaSoyArea10m has higher consistency with census data and further improvement in spatial details. The dataset can provide reliable support for subsequent studies on yield monitoring and food security.
Yavar Pourmohamad, John T. Abatzoglou, Erin J. Belval, Erica Fleishman, Karen Short, Matthew C. Reeves, Nicholas Nauslar, Philip E. Higuera, Eric Henderson, Sawyer Ball, Amir AghaKouchak, Jeffrey P. Prestemon, Julia Olszewski, and Mojtaba Sadegh
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 3045–3060, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-3045-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-3045-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The FPA FOD-Attributes dataset provides > 300 biological, physical, social, and administrative attributes associated with > 2.3×106 wildfire incidents across the US from 1992 to 2020. The dataset can be used to (1) answer numerous questions about the covariates associated with human- and lightning-caused wildfires and (2) support descriptive, diagnostic, predictive, and prescriptive wildfire analytics, including the development of machine learning models.
Yangzi Che, Xuecao Li, Xiaoping Liu, Yuhao Wang, Weilin Liao, Xianwei Zheng, Xucai Zhang, Xiaocong Xu, Qian Shi, Jiajun Zhu, Hua Yuan, and Yongjiu Dai
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-217, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-217, 2024
Revised manuscript accepted for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
Given the limited coverage or spatial resolution of existing datasets, we develop the first global building height map (3D-GloBFP) at the building footprint scale using Earth observation datasets and advanced machine learning techniques. Our map reveals the complex 3-D morphology of the world's building heights at a finer scale and provides reliable results (i.e., R2: 0.66–0.96, RMSEs: 1.9 m–14.6 m) over global regions 3D-GloBFP has great potential to support both macro- and micro-urban analysis
Ewa Grabska-Szwagrzyk, Dirk Tiede, Martin Sudmanns, and Jacek Kozak
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 2877–2891, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-2877-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-2877-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We accurately mapped 16 dominant tree species and genera in Poland using Sentinel-2 observations from short periods in spring, summer, and autumn (2018–2021). The classification achieved more than 80% accuracy in country-wide forest species mapping, with variation based on species, region, and observation frequency. Freely accessible resources, including the forest tree species map and training and test data, can be found at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10180469.
Shuang Chen, Jie Wang, Qiang Liu, Xiangan Liang, Rui Liu, Peng Qin, Jincheng Yuan, Junbo Wei, Shuai Yuan, Huabing Huang, and Peng Gong
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-178, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-178, 2024
Revised manuscript accepted for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
The inconsistent coverage of Landsat data due to its long revisit intervals and frequent cloud cover poses challenges to large-scale land monitoring. We developed a global, 30-m, 23-year (2000–2022), and daily Seamless Data Cube (SDC) of surface reflectance based on Landsat 5,7,8,9 and MODIS products. The SDC exhibits enhanced capabilities for monitoring land cover changes and robust consistency in both spatial and temporal dimensions, which are important for global environmental monitoring.
Charles E. Miller, Peter C. Griffith, Elizabeth Hoy, Naiara S. Pinto, Yunling Lou, Scott Hensley, Bruce D. Chapman, Jennifer Baltzer, Kazem Bakian-Dogaheh, W. Robert Bolton, Laura Bourgeau-Chavez, Richard H. Chen, Byung-Hun Choe, Leah K. Clayton, Thomas A. Douglas, Nancy French, Jean E. Holloway, Gang Hong, Lingcao Huang, Go Iwahana, Liza Jenkins, John S. Kimball, Tatiana Loboda, Michelle Mack, Philip Marsh, Roger J. Michaelides, Mahta Moghaddam, Andrew Parsekian, Kevin Schaefer, Paul R. Siqueira, Debjani Singh, Alireza Tabatabaeenejad, Merritt Turetsky, Ridha Touzi, Elizabeth Wig, Cathy J. Wilson, Paul Wilson, Stan D. Wullschleger, Yonghong Yi, Howard A. Zebker, Yu Zhang, Yuhuan Zhao, and Scott J. Goetz
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 2605–2624, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-2605-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-2605-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
NASA’s Arctic Boreal Vulnerability Experiment (ABoVE) conducted airborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) surveys of over 120 000 km2 in Alaska and northwestern Canada during 2017, 2018, 2019, and 2022. This paper summarizes those results and provides links to details on ~ 80 individual flight lines. This paper is presented as a guide to enable interested readers to fully explore the ABoVE L- and P-band SAR data.
Ying Tu, Shengbiao Wu, Bin Chen, Qihao Weng, Yuqi Bai, Jun Yang, Le Yu, and Bing Xu
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 2297–2316, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-2297-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-2297-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We developed the first 30 m annual cropland dataset of China (CACD) for 1986–2021. The overall accuracy of CACD reached up to 0.93±0.01 and was superior to other products. Our fine-resolution cropland maps offer valuable information for diverse applications and decision-making processes in the future.
Lingcheng Li, Gautam Bisht, Dalei Hao, and L. Ruby Leung
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 2007–2032, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-2007-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-2007-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study fills a gap to meet the emerging needs of kilometer-scale Earth system modeling by developing global 1 km land surface parameters for land use, vegetation, soil, and topography. Our demonstration simulations highlight the substantial impacts of these parameters on spatial variability and information loss in water and energy simulations. Using advanced explainable machine learning methods, we identified influential factors driving spatial variability and information loss.
Jiahao Shi, Hua Yuan, Wanyi Lin, Wenzong Dong, Hongbin Liang, Zhuo Liu, Jianxin Zeng, Haolin Zhang, Nan Wei, Zhongwang Wei, Shupeng Zhang, Shaofeng Liu, Xingjie Lu, and Yongjiu Dai
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-77, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-77, 2024
Revised manuscript accepted for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
Flux tower data are widely recognized as benchmarking data for land surface models, but insufficient emphasis on and deficiency in site attribute data limits their true value. We collect site-observed vegetation, soil, and topography data from various sources. The final dataset encompasses 90 sites globally with relatively complete site attribute data and high-quality flux validation data. This work has provided more reliable site attribute data, benefiting land surface model development.
Hui Li, Xiaobo Wang, Shaoqiang Wang, Jinyuan Liu, Yuanyuan Liu, Zhenhai Liu, Shiliang Chen, Qinyi Wang, Tongtong Zhu, Lunche Wang, and Lizhe Wang
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 1689–1701, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1689-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1689-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Utilizing satellite remote sensing data, we established a multi-season rice calendar dataset named ChinaRiceCalendar. It exhibits strong alignment with field observations collected by agricultural meteorological stations across China. ChinaRiceCalendar stands as a reliable dataset for investigating and optimizing the spatiotemporal dynamics of rice phenology in China, particularly in the context of climate and land use changes.
Giulia Ronchetti, Luigi Nisini Scacchiafichi, Lorenzo Seguini, Iacopo Cerrani, and Marijn van der Velde
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 1623–1649, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1623-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1623-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We present a dataset of EU-wide harmonized subnational crop area, production, and yield statistics with information on data sources, processing steps, missing and derived data, and quality checks. Statistical records (344 282) collected from 1975 to 2020 for soft and durum wheat, winter and spring barley, grain maize, sunflower, and sugar beet were aligned with the EUROSTAT crop legend and the 2016 territorial classification for 961 regions. Time series have a median length of 21 years.
Xiao Zhang, Tingting Zhao, Hong Xu, Wendi Liu, Jinqing Wang, Xidong Chen, and Liangyun Liu
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 1353–1381, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1353-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1353-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This work describes GLC_FCS30D, the first global 30 m land-cover dynamics monitoring dataset, which contains 35 land-cover subcategories and covers the period of 1985–2022 in 26 time steps (its maps are updated every 5 years before 2000 and annually after 2000).
Qiangqiang Sun, Ping Zhang, Xin Jiao, Xin Lin, Wenkai Duan, Su Ma, Qidi Pan, Lu Chen, Yongxiang Zhang, Shucheng You, Shunxi Liu, Jinmin Hao, Hong Li, and Danfeng Sun
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 1333–1351, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1333-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1333-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
To provide multifaceted changes under climate change and anthropogenic impacts, we estimated monthly vegetation and soil fractions in 2001–2022, providing an accurate estimate of surface heterogeneous composition, better than vegetation index and vegetation continuous-field products. We find a greening trend on Earth except for the tropics. A combination of interactive changes in vegetation and soil can be adopted as a valuable measurement of climate change and anthropogenic impacts.
Kai Cheng, Yuling Chen, Tianyu Xiang, Haitao Yang, Weiyan Liu, Yu Ren, Hongcan Guan, Tianyu Hu, Qin Ma, and Qinghua Guo
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 803–819, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-803-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-803-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
To quantify forest carbon stock and its future potential accurately, we generated a 30 m resolution forest age map for China in 2020 using multisource remote sensing datasets based on machine learning and time series analysis approaches. Validation with independent field samples indicated that the mapped forest age had an R2 of 0.51--0.63. Nationally, the average forest age is 56.1 years (standard deviation of 32.7 years).
Wolfgang Alexander Obermeier, Clemens Schwingshackl, Ana Bastos, Giulia Conchedda, Thomas Gasser, Giacomo Grassi, Richard A. Houghton, Francesco Nicola Tubiello, Stephen Sitch, and Julia Pongratz
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 605–645, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-605-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-605-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We provide and compare country-level estimates of land-use CO2 fluxes from a variety and large number of models, bottom-up estimates, and country reports for the period 1950–2021. Although net fluxes are small in many countries, they are often composed of large compensating emissions and removals. In many countries, the estimates agree well once their individual characteristics are accounted for, but in other countries, including some of the largest emitters, substantial uncertainties exist.
Cameron I. Ludemann, Nathan Wanner, Pauline Chivenge, Achim Dobermann, Rasmus Einarsson, Patricio Grassini, Armelle Gruere, Kevin Jackson, Luis Lassaletta, Federico Maggi, Griffiths Obli-Laryea, Martin K. van Ittersum, Srishti Vishwakarma, Xin Zhang, and Francesco N. Tubiello
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 525–541, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-525-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-525-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Nutrient budgets help identify the excess or insufficient use of fertilizers and other nutrient sources in agriculture. They allow the calculation of indicators, such as the nutrient balance (surplus or deficit) and nutrient use efficiency, that help to monitor agricultural productivity and sustainability. This article describes a global cropland nutrient budget that provides data on 205 countries and territories from 1961 to 2020 (data available at https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/ESB).
Raphaël d'Andrimont, Momchil Yordanov, Fernando Sedano, Astrid Verhegghen, Peter Strobl, Savvas Zachariadis, Flavia Camilleri, Alessandra Palmieri, Beatrice Eiselt, Jose Miguel Rubio Iglesias, and Marijn van der Velde
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2023-494, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2023-494, 2024
Revised manuscript accepted for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
LUCAS 2022 Copernicus is a large an systematic in-situ field survey of 137,966 polygons over the EU in 2022. The data holds 82 land cover classes and 40 land use classes.
Yuanwei Qin, Xiangming Xiao, Hao Tang, Ralph Dubayah, Russell Doughty, Diyou Liu, Fang Liu, Yosio Shimabukuro, Egidio Arai, Xinxin Wang, and Berrien Moore III
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 321–336, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-321-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-321-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Forest definition has two major biophysical parameters, i.e., canopy height and canopy coverage. However, few studies have assessed forest cover maps in terms of these two parameters at a large scale. Here, we assessed the annual forest cover maps in the Brazilian Amazon using 1.1 million footprints of canopy height and canopy coverage. Over 93 % of our forest cover maps are consistent with the FAO forest definition, showing the high accuracy of these forest cover maps in the Brazilian Amazon.
Xiangan Liang, Qiang Liu, Jie Wang, Shuang Chen, and Peng Gong
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 177–200, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-177-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-177-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The state-of-the-art MODIS surface reflectance products suffer from temporal and spatial gaps, which make it difficult to characterize the continuous variation of the terrestrial surface. We proposed a framework for generating the first global 500 m daily seamless data cubes (SDC500), covering the period from 2000 to 2022. We believe that the SDC500 dataset can interest other researchers who study land cover mapping, quantitative remote sensing, and ecological science.
Rémy Ballot, Nicolas Guilpart, and Marie-Hélène Jeuffroy
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 5651–5666, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-5651-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-5651-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Assessing the benefits of crop diversification – a key element of agroecological transition – on a large scale requires a description of current crop sequences as a baseline, which is lacking at the scale of Europe. To fill this gap, we used a dataset that provides temporally and spatially incomplete land cover information to create a map of dominant crop sequence types for Europe over 2012–2018. This map is a useful baseline for assessing the benefits of future crop diversification.
Kristof Van Tricht, Jeroen Degerickx, Sven Gilliams, Daniele Zanaga, Marjorie Battude, Alex Grosu, Joost Brombacher, Myroslava Lesiv, Juan Carlos Laso Bayas, Santosh Karanam, Steffen Fritz, Inbal Becker-Reshef, Belén Franch, Bertran Mollà-Bononad, Hendrik Boogaard, Arun Kumar Pratihast, Benjamin Koetz, and Zoltan Szantoi
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 5491–5515, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-5491-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-5491-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
WorldCereal is a global mapping system that addresses food security challenges. It provides seasonal updates on crop areas and irrigation practices, enabling informed decision-making for sustainable agriculture. Our global products offer insights into temporary crop extent, seasonal crop type maps, and seasonal irrigation patterns. WorldCereal is an open-source tool that utilizes space-based technologies, revolutionizing global agricultural mapping.
Yangyang Fu, Xiuzhi Chen, Chaoqing Song, Xiaojuan Huang, Jie Dong, Qiongyan Peng, and Wenping Yuan
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2023-432, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2023-432, 2023
Revised manuscript accepted for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
This study proposed the Winter-Triticeae Crops Index (WTCI)，which had great performance and stable spatiotemporal transferability in identifying winter-triticeae crops in 65 countries worldwide, with an overall accuracy of 87.7 %. The first global 30 m resolution distribution maps of winter-triticeae crops from 2017 to 2022 were further produced based on the WTCI method. The product can serve as an important basis for agricultural applications.
Gerardo E. Soto, Steven Wilcox, Patrick E. Clark, Francesco P. Fava, Nathan M. Jensen, Njoki Kahiu, Chuan Liao, Benjamin Porter, Ying Sun, and Christopher Barrett
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2023-217, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2023-217, 2023
Revised manuscript accepted for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
Using machine learning classification and linear unmixing, this paper produced Landsat-based time series of land cover classes and vegetation fractional cover of photosynthetic vegetation, non-photosynthetic vegetation, and bare ground. This dataset represents a first multi-decadal high-resolution dataset specifically designed for mapping and monitoring rangelands health in East Africa including Kenya, Ethiopia, and Somalia, which are dominated by arid and semi-arid extensive rangeland systems.
Francesco N. Tubiello, Giulia Conchedda, Leon Casse, Pengyu Hao, Giorgia De Santis, and Zhongxin Chen
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 4997–5015, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-4997-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-4997-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We describe a new dataset of cropland area circa the year 2020, with global coverage and country detail. Data are generated from geospatial information on the agreement characteristics of six high-resolution cropland maps. By helping to highlight features of cropland characteristics and underlying causes for agreement across land cover products, the dataset can be used as a tool to help guide future mapping efforts towards improved agricultural monitoring.
Martin Schwartz, Philippe Ciais, Aurélien De Truchis, Jérôme Chave, Catherine Ottlé, Cedric Vega, Jean-Pierre Wigneron, Manuel Nicolas, Sami Jouaber, Siyu Liu, Martin Brandt, and Ibrahim Fayad
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 4927–4945, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-4927-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-4927-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
As forests play a key role in climate-related issues, their accurate monitoring is critical to reduce global carbon emissions effectively. Based on open-access remote-sensing sensors, and artificial intelligence methods, we created high-resolution tree height, wood volume, and biomass maps of metropolitan France that outperform previous products. This study, based on freely available data, provides essential information to support climate-efficient forest management policies at a low cost.
Zhuohong Li, Wei He, Mofan Cheng, Jingxin Hu, Guangyi Yang, and Hongyan Zhang
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 4749–4780, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-4749-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-4749-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Nowadays, a very-high-resolution land-cover (LC) map with national coverage is still unavailable in China, hindering efficient resource allocation. To fill this gap, the first 1 m resolution LC map of China, SinoLC-1, was built. The results showed that SinoLC-1 had an overall accuracy of 73.61 % and conformed to the official survey reports. Comparison with other datasets suggests that SinoLC-1 can be a better support for downstream applications and provide more accurate LC information to users.
Johannes H. Uhl, Dominic Royé, Keith Burghardt, José A. Aldrey Vázquez, Manuel Borobio Sanchiz, and Stefan Leyk
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 4713–4747, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-4713-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-4713-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Historical, fine-grained geospatial datasets on built-up areas are rarely available, constraining studies of urbanization, settlement evolution, or the dynamics of human–environment interactions to recent decades. In order to provide such historical data, we used publicly available cadastral building data for Spain and created a series of gridded surfaces, measuring age, physical, and land-use-related features of the built environment in Spain and the evolution of settlements from 1900 to 2020.
Christopher G. Marston, Aneurin W. O'Neil, R. Daniel Morton, Claire M. Wood, and Clare S. Rowland
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 4631–4649, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-4631-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-4631-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The UK Land Cover Map 2021 (LCM2021) is a UK-wide land cover data set, with 21- and 10-class versions. It is intended to support a broad range of UK environmental research, including ecological and hydrological research. LCM2021 was produced by classifying Sentinel-2 satellite imagery. LCM2021 is distributed as a suite of products to facilitate easy use for a range of applications. To support research at different spatial scales it includes 10 m, 25 m and 1 km resolution products.
Yu Zhao, Shaoyu Han, Jie Zheng, Hanyu Xue, Zhenhai Li, Yang Meng, Xuguang Li, Xiaodong Yang, Zhenhong Li, Shuhong Cai, and Guijun Yang
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 4047–4063, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-4047-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-4047-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In the present study, we generated a 30 m Chinese winter wheat yield dataset from 2016 to 2021, called ChinaWheatYield30m. The dataset has high spatial resolution and great accuracy. It is the highest-resolution yield dataset known. Such a dataset will provide basic knowledge of detailed wheat yield distribution, which can be applied for many purposes including crop production modeling or regional climate evaluation.
Feng Yang and Zhenzhong Zeng
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 4011–4021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-4011-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-4011-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We generated a 4.77 m resolution annual tree cover map product for Southeast Asia (SEA) for 2016–2021 using Planet-NICFI and Sentinel-1 imagery. Maps were created with good accuracy and high consistency during 2016–2021. The baseline maps at 4.77 m can be converted to forest cover maps for SEA at various resolutions to meet different users’ needs. Our products can help resolve rounding errors in forest cover mapping by counting isolated trees and monitoring long, narrow forest cover removal.
Adrià Descals, Serge Wich, Zoltan Szantoi, Matthew J. Struebig, Rona Dennis, Zoe Hatton, Thina Ariffin, Nabillah Unus, David L. A. Gaveau, and Erik Meijaard
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 3991–4010, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3991-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3991-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The spatial extent of coconut palm is understudied despite its increasing demand and associated impacts. We present the first global coconut palm layer at 20 m resolution. The layer was produced using deep learning and remotely sensed data. The global coconut area estimate is 12.31 Mha for dense coconut palm, but the estimate is 3 times larger when sparse coconut palm is considered. This means that coconut production can likely increase on the lands currently allocated to coconut palm.
Peter Hoffmann, Vanessa Reinhart, Diana Rechid, Nathalie de Noblet-Ducoudré, Edouard L. Davin, Christina Asmus, Benjamin Bechtel, Jürgen Böhner, Eleni Katragkou, and Sebastiaan Luyssaert
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 3819–3852, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3819-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3819-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This paper introduces the new high-resolution land use and land cover change dataset LUCAS LUC for Europe (version 1.1), tailored for use in regional climate models. Historical and projected future land use change information from the Land-Use Harmonization 2 (LUH2) dataset is translated into annual plant functional type changes from 1950 to 2015 and 2016 to 2100, respectively, by employing a newly developed land use translator.
Wanru He, Xuecao Li, Yuyu Zhou, Zitong Shi, Guojiang Yu, Tengyun Hu, Yixuan Wang, Jianxi Huang, Tiecheng Bai, Zhongchang Sun, Xiaoping Liu, and Peng Gong
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 3623–3639, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3623-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3623-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Most existing global urban products with future projections were developed in urban and non-urban categories, which ignores the gradual change of urban development at the local scale. Using annual global urban extent data from 1985 to 2015, we forecasted global urban fractional changes under eight scenarios throughout 2100. The developed dataset can provide spatially explicit information on urban fractions at 1 km resolution, which helps support various urban studies (e.g., urban heat island).
Zeping Liu, Hong Tang, Lin Feng, and Siqing Lyu
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 3547–3572, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3547-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3547-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Large-scale maps of building rooftop area (BRA) are crucial for addressing policy decisions and sustainable development. In this paper, we propose a deep-learning method for high-resolution BRA mapping (2.5 m) from Sentinel-2 imagery (10 m). The resulting China building rooftop area dataset (CBRA) is the first multi-annual (2016–2021) and high-resolution (2.5 m) BRA dataset in China. Cross-comparisons show that the CBRA achieves the best performance in capturing the spatiotemporal information.
Ruoque Shen, Baihong Pan, Qiongyan Peng, Jie Dong, Xuebing Chen, Xi Zhang, Tao Ye, Jianxi Huang, and Wenping Yuan
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 3203–3222, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3203-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3203-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Paddy rice is the second-largest grain crop in China and plays an important role in ensuring global food security. This study developed a new rice-mapping method and produced distribution maps of single-season rice in 21 provincial administrative regions of China from 2017 to 2022 at a 10 or 20 m resolution. The accuracy was examined using 108 195 survey samples and county-level statistical data, and we found that the distribution maps have good accuracy.
Charles R. Lane, Ellen D'Amico, Jay R. Christensen, Heather E. Golden, Qiusheng Wu, and Adnan Rajib
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 2927–2955, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2927-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2927-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Non-floodplain wetlands (NFWs) – wetlands located outside floodplains – confer watershed-scale resilience to hydrological, biogeochemical, and biotic disturbances. Although they are frequently unmapped, we identified ~ 33 million NFWs covering > 16 × 10 km2 across the globe. NFWs constitute the majority of the world's wetlands (53 %). Despite their small size (median 0.039 km2), these imperiled systems have an outsized impact on watershed functions and sustainability and require protection.
Bingjie Li, Xiaocong Xu, Xiaoping Liu, Qian Shi, Haoming Zhuang, Yaotong Cai, and Da He
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 2347–2373, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2347-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2347-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
A global land cover map with fine spatial resolution is important for climate and environmental studies, food security, or biodiversity conservation. In this study, we developed an improved global land cover map in 2015 with 30 m resolution (GLC-2015) by fusing the existing land cover products based on the Dempster–Shafer theory of evidence on the Google Earth Engine platform. The GLC-2015 performed well, with an OA of 79.5 % (83.6 %) assessed with the global point-based (patch-based) samples.
Richard A. Houghton and Andrea Castanho
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 2025–2054, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2025-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2025-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We update a previous analysis of carbon emissions (annual and national) from land use, land-use change, and forestry from 1850 to 2020. We use data from the latest (2020) Global Forest Resources Assessment, incorporate shifting cultivation, and include improvements to the bookkeeping model and recent estimates of emissions from peatlands. Net global emissions declined steadily over the decade from 2011 to 2020 (mean of 0.96 Pg C yr−1), falling below 1.0 Pg C yr−1 for the first time in 30 years.
Charles H. Simpson, Oscar Brousse, Nahid Mohajeri, Michael Davies, and Clare Heaviside
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 1521–1541, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-1521-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-1521-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Adding plants to roofs of buildings can reduce indoor and outdoor temperatures and so can reduce urban overheating, which is expected to increase due to climate change and urban growth. To better understand the effect this has on the urban environment, we need data on how many buildings have green roofs already.
We used a computer vision model to find green roofs in aerial imagery in London, producing a dataset identifying what buildings have green roofs and improving on previous methods.
Cited articles
A'Campo, W., Bartsch, A., Roth, A., Wendleder, A., Martin, V. S.,
Durstewitz, L., Lodi, R., Wagner, J., and Hugelius, G.: Arctic Tundra Land
Cover Classification on the Beaufort Coast Using the Kennaugh Element
Framework on Dual-Polarimetric TerraSAR-X Imagery, Remote Sens., 13, 4780,
https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13234780, 2021.
Bartsch, A., Höfler, A., Kroisleitner, C., and Trofaier, A. M.: Land
Cover Mapping in Northern High Latitude Permafrost Regions with Satellite
Data: Achievements and Remaining Challenges, Remote Sens., 8, 979,
https://doi.org/10.3390/rs8120979, 2016.
Bartsch, A., Pointner, G., Ingeman-Nielsen, T., and Lu, W.: Towards
Circumpolar Mapping of Arctic Settlements and Infrastructure Based on
Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2, Remote Sens., 12, 2368,
https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12152368, 2020a.
Bartsch, A., Widhalm, B., Leibman, M., Ermokhina, K., Kumpula, T., Skarin,
A., Wilcox, E. J., Jones, B. M., Frost, G. V., Höfler, A., and Pointner,
G.: Feasibility of tundra vegetation height retrieval from Sentinel-1 and
Sentinel-2 data, Remote Sens. Environ., 237, 111515,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2019.111515, 2020b.
Bartsch, A., Pointner, G., Nitze, I., Efimova, A., Jakober, D., Ley, S.,
Högström, E., Grosse, G., and Schweitzer, P.: Expanding
infrastructure and growing anthropogenic impacts along Arctic coasts,
Environ. Res. Lett., 16, 115013, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac3176,
2021.
Beamish, A., Raynolds, M. K., Epstein, H., Frost, G. V., Macander, M. J.,
Bergstedt, H., Bartsch, A., Kruse, S., Miles, V., Tanis, C. M., Heim, B.,
Fuchs, M., Chabrillat, S., Shevtsova, I., Verdonen, M., and Wagner, J.:
Recent trends and remaining challenges for optical remote sensing of Arctic
tundra vegetation: A review and outlook, Remote Sens. Environ., 246, 111872,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2020.111872, 2020.
Berner, L. T., Massey, R., Jantz, P., Forbes, B. C., Macias-Fauria, M.,
Myers-Smith, I., Kumpula, T., Gauthier, G., Andreu-Hayles, L., Gaglioti, B.
V., Burns, P., Zetterberg, P., D'Arrigo, R., and Goetz, S. J.: Summer
warming explains widespread but not uniform greening in the Arctic tundra
biome, Nat. Commun., 11, 4621, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-18479-5,
2020.
Bolton, D. K., Gray, J. M., Melaas, E. K., Moon, M., Eklundh, L., and
Friedl, M. A.: Continental-scale land surface phenology from harmonized
Landsat 8 and Sentinel-2 imagery, Remote Sens. Environ., 240, 111685,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2020.111685, 2020.
Breiman, L.: Random Forests, Mach. Learn., 45, 5–32,
https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1010933404324, 2001.
Brown, C. F., Brumby, S. P., Guzder-Williams, B., Birch, T., Hyde, S. B.,
Mazzariello, J., Czerwinski, W., Pasquarella, V. J., Haertel, R.,
Ilyushchenko, S., Schwehr, K., Weisse, M., Stolle, F., Hanson, C., Guinan,
O., Moore, R., and Tait, A. M.: Dynamic World, Near real-time global 10 m
land use land cover mapping, Sci. Data, 9, 251,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-022-01307-4, 2022.
Brown, J. F., Tollerud, H. J., Barber, C. P., Zhou, Q., Dwyer, J. L.,
Vogelmann, J. E., Loveland, T. R., Woodcock, C. E., Stehman, S. V., Zhu, Z.,
Pengra, B. W., Smith, K., Horton, J. A., Xian, G., Auch, R. F., Sohl, T. L.,
Sayler, K. L., Gallant, A. L., Zelenak, D., Reker, R. R., and Rover, J.:
Lessons learned implementing an operational continuous United States
national land change monitoring capability: The Land Change Monitoring,
Assessment, and Projection (LCMAP) approach, Remote Sens. Environ., 238,
111356, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2019.111356, 2020.
Chen, J., Chen, J., Liao, A., Cao, X., Chen, L., Chen, X., He, C., Han, G.,
Peng, S., Lu, M., Zhang, W., Tong, X., and Mills, J.: Global land cover
mapping at 30m resolution: A POK-based operational approach, ISPRS J.
Photogramm. Remote Sens., 103, 7–27,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2014.09.002, 2015.
Christensen, T., Barry, T., Taylor, J. J., Doyle, M., Aronsson, M., Braa,
J., Burns, C., Coon, C., Coulson, S., Cuyler, C., Falk, K., Heiðmarsson,
S., Kulmala, P., Lawler, J., MacNearney, D., Ravolainen, V., Smith, P. A.,
Soloviev, M., and Schmidt, N. M.: Developing a circumpolar programme for the
monitoring of Arctic terrestrial biodiversity, Ambio, 49, 655–665,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-019-01311-w, 2020.
Descals, A., Gaveau, D. L. A., Verger, A., Sheil, D., Naito, D., and
Peñuelas, J.: Unprecedented fire activity above the Arctic Circle linked
to rising temperatures, Science, 378, 532–537,
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abn9768, 2022.
Engram, M., Anthony, K. W., Meyer, F. J., and Grosse, G.: Synthetic aperture
radar (SAR) backscatter response from methane ebullition bubbles trapped by
thermokarst lake ice, Can. J. Remote Sens., 38, 667–682,
https://doi.org/10.5589/m12-054, 2013.
Foody, G. M., Pal, M., Rocchini, D., Garzon-Lopez, C. X., and Bastin, L.:
The Sensitivity of Mapping Methods to Reference Data Quality: Training
Supervised Image Classifications with Imperfect Reference Data, ISPRS Int.
J. Geo-Inf., 5, 199, https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi5110199, 2016.
Friedl, M. A., Sulla-Menashe, D., Tan, B., Schneider, A., Ramankutty, N.,
Sibley, A., and Huang, X.: MODIS Collection 5 global land cover: Algorithm
refinements and characterization of new datasets, Remote Sens. Environ.,
114, 168–182, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2009.08.016, 2010.
Friedl, M. A., Woodcock, C. E., Olofsson, P., Zhu, Z., Loveland, T.,
Stanimirova, R., Arevalo, P., Bullock, E., Hu, K.-T., Zhang, Y., Turlej, K.,
Tarrio, K., McAvoy, K., Gorelick, N., Wang, J. A., Barber, C. P., and Souza,
C.: Medium Spatial Resolution Mapping of Global Land Cover and Land Cover
Change Across Multiple Decades From Landsat, Front. Remote Sens., 3, 894571,
https://doi.org/10.3389/frsen.2022.894571, 2022.
Gong, P.: Accuracies of global land cover maps checked against fluxnet
sites, Sci. Found. China, 16, 31–35, 2008.
Gong, P., Wang, J., Yu, L., Zhao, Y., Zhao, Y., Liang, L., Niu, Z., Huang,
X., Fu, H., Liu, S., Li, C., Li, X., Fu, W., Liu, C., Xu, Y., Wang, X.,
Cheng, Q., Hu, L., Yao, W., Zhang, H., Zhu, P., Zhao, Z., Zhang, H., Zheng,
Y., Ji, L., Zhang, Y., Chen, H., Yan, A., Guo, J., Yu, L., Wang, L., Liu,
X., Shi, T., Zhu, M., Chen, Y., Yang, G., Tang, P., Xu, B., Giri, C.,
Clinton, N., Zhu, Z., Chen, J., and Chen, J.: Finer resolution observation
and monitoring of global land cover: first mapping results with Landsat TM
and ETM+ data, Int. J. Remote Sens., 34, 2607–2654,
https://doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2012.748992, 2013.
Gong, P., Yu, L., Li, C., Wang, J., Liang, L., Li, X., Ji, L., Bai, Y.,
Cheng, Y., and Zhu, Z.: A new research paradigm for global land cover
mapping, Ann. GIS, 22, 87–102,
https://doi.org/10.1080/19475683.2016.1164247, 2016.
Gong, P., Liu, H., Zhang, M., Li, C., Wang, J., Huang, H., Clinton, N., Ji,
L., Li, W., Bai, Y., Chen, B., Xu, B., Zhu, Z., Yuan, C., Suen, H. P., Guo,
J., Xu, N., Li, W., Zhao, Y., Yang, J., Yu, C., Wang, X., Fu, H., Yu, L.,
Dronova, I., Hui, F., Cheng, X., Shi, X., Xiao, F., Liu, Q., and Song, L.:
Stable classification with limited sample: transferring a 30-m resolution
sample set collected in 2015 to mapping 10-m resolution global land cover in
2017, Sci. Bull., 64, 370–373, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scib.2019.03.002,
2019.
Gong, P., Chen, B., Li, X., Liu, H., Wang, J., Bai, Y., Chen, J., Chen, X.,
Fang, L., Feng, S., Feng, Y., Gong, Y., Gu, H., Huang, H., Huang, X., Jiao,
H., Kang, Y., Lei, G., Li, A., Li, X., Li, X., Li, Y., Li, Z., Li, Z., Liu,
C., Liu, C., Liu, M., Liu, S., Mao, W., Miao, C., Ni, H., Pan, Q., Qi, S.,
Ren, Z., Shan, Z., Shen, S., Shi, M., Song, Y., Su, M., Suen, H. P., Sun,
B., Sun, F., Sun, J., Sun, L., Sun, W., Tian, T., Tong, X., Tseng, Y., Tu,
Y., Wang, H., Wang, L., Wang, X., Wang, Z., Wu, T., Xie, Y., Yang, J., Yang,
J., Yuan, M., Yue, W., Zeng, H., Zhang, K., Zhang, N., Zhang, T., Zhang, Y.,
Zhao, F., Zheng, Y., Zhou, Q., Clinton, N., Zhu, Z., and Xu, B.: Mapping
essential urban land use categories in China (EULUC-China): preliminary
results for 2018, Sci. Bull., 65, 182–187,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scib.2019.12.007, 2020a.
Gong, P., Li, X., Wang, J., Bai, Y., Chen, B., Hu, T., Liu, X., Xu, B.,
Yang, J., Zhang, W., and Zhou, Y.: Annual maps of global artificial
impervious area (GAIA) between 1985 and 2018, Remote Sens. Environ., 236,
111510, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2019.111510, 2020b.
Gorelick, N., Hancher, M., Dixon, M., Ilyushchenko, S., Thau, D., and Moore,
R.: Google Earth Engine: Planetary-scale geospatial analysis for everyone,
Remote Sens. Environ., 202, 18–27,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2017.06.031, 2017.
Gray, J. and Song, C.: Consistent classification of image time series with
automatic adaptive signature generalization, Remote Sens. Environ., 134,
333–341, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2013.03.022, 2013.
Hakkenberg, C. R., Dannenberg, M. P., Song, C., and Vinci, G.: Automated
Continuous Fields Prediction From Landsat Time Series: Application to
Fractional Impervious Cover, IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett., 17, 132–136,
https://doi.org/10.1109/LGRS.2019.2915320, 2020.
Harsch, M. A., Hulme, P. E., McGlone, M. S., and Duncan, R. P.: Are
treelines advancing? A global meta-analysis of treeline response to climate
warming, Ecol. Lett., 12, 1040–1049,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2009.01355.x, 2009.
Hermosilla, T., Wulder, M. A., White, J. C., and Coops, N. C.: Land cover
classification in an era of big and open data: Optimizing localized
implementation and training data selection to improve mapping outcomes,
Remote Sens. Environ., 268, 112780,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2021.112780, 2022.
Hjort, J., Karjalainen, O., Aalto, J., Westermann, S., Romanovsky, V. E.,
Nelson, F. E., Etzelmüller, B., and Luoto, M.: Degrading permafrost puts
Arctic infrastructure at risk by mid-century, Nat. Commun., 9, 5147,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-07557-4, 2018.
Hodkinson, I. D., Webb, N. R., Bale, J. S., Block, W., Coulson, S. J., and
Strathdee, A. T.: Global Change and Arctic Ecosystems: Conclusions and
Predictions from Experiments with Terrestrial Invertebrates on Spitsbergen,
Arct. Alp. Res., 30, 306–313,
https://doi.org/10.1080/00040851.1998.12002904, 1998.
Horvath, P., Tang, H., Halvorsen, R., Stordal, F., Tallaksen, L. M., Berntsen, T. K., and Bryn, A.: Improving the representation of high-latitude vegetation distribution in dynamic global vegetation models, Biogeosciences, 18, 95–112, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-95-2021, 2021.
Huang, H., Wang, J., Liu, C., Liang, L., Li, C., and Gong, P.: The migration
of training samples towards dynamic global land cover mapping, ISPRS J.
Photogramm. Remote Sens., 161, 27–36,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2020.01.010, 2020.
Huang, X., Yang, J., Wang, W., and Liu, Z.: Mapping 10 m global impervious surface area (GISA-10 m) using multi-source geospatial data , Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 3649–3672, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-3649-2022, 2022.
Huntington, H. P., Carey, M., Apok, C., Forbes, B. C., Fox, S., Holm, L. K.,
Ivanova, A., Jaypoody, J., Noongwook, G., and Stammler, F.: Climate change
in context: putting people first in the Arctic, Reg. Environ. Change, 19,
1217–1223, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-019-01478-8, 2019.
Ingeman-Nielsen, T. and Vakulenko, I.: Calibration and validation data for
infratructure mapping, Greenland, link to files, PANGAEA [data set],
https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.895949, 2018.
Jeong, S.-J., Bloom, A. A., Schimel, D., Sweeney, C., Parazoo, N. C.,
Medvigy, D., Schaepman-Strub, G., Zheng, C., Schwalm, C. R., Huntzinger, D.
N., Michalak, A. M., and Miller, C. E.: Accelerating rates of Arctic carbon
cycling revealed by long-term atmospheric CO2 measurements, Sci. Adv.,
4, eaao1167, https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aao1167, 2018.
Jia, G. J., Epstein, H. E., and Walker, D. A.: Greening of arctic Alaska,
1981–2001, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30, 2067, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003GL018268,
2003.
Jin, S., Yang, L., Zhu, Z., and Homer, C.: A land cover change detection and
classification protocol for updating Alaska NLCD 2001 to 2011, Remote Sens.
Environ., 195, 44–55, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2017.04.021, 2017.
Karra, K., Kontgis, C., Statman-Weil, Z., Mazzariello, J. C., Mathis, M.,
and Brumby, S. P.: Global land use / land cover with Sentinel 2 and deep
learning, in: 2021 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing
Symposium IGARSS, 4704–4707,
https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS47720.2021.9553499, 2021.
Keenan, T. F. and Riley, W. J.: Greening of the land surface in the world's
cold regions consistent with recent warming, Nat. Clim. Change, 8, 825–828,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-018-0258-y, 2018.
Kohonen, T.: Essentials of the self-organizing map, Neural Netw., 37,
52–65, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neunet.2012.09.018, 2013.
Kumpula, T., Pajunen, A., Kaarlejärvi, E., Forbes, B. C., and Stammler,
F.: Land use and land cover change in Arctic Russia: Ecological and social
implications of industrial development, Spec. Issue Polit. Policy Carbon
Capture Storage, 21, 550–562,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2010.12.010, 2011.
Landrum, L. and Holland, M. M.: Extremes become routine in an emerging new
Arctic, Nat. Clim. Change, 10, 1108–1115,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-020-0892-z, 2020.
Li, C., Gong, P., Wang, J., Zhu, Z., Biging, G. S., Yuan, C., Hu, T., Zhang,
H., Wang, Q., Li, X., Liu, X., Xu, Y., Guo, J., Liu, C., Hackman, K. O.,
Zhang, M., Cheng, Y., Yu, L., Yang, J., Huang, H., and Clinton, N.: The
first all-season sample set for mapping global land cover with Landsat-8
data, Sci. Bull., 62, 508–515, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scib.2017.03.011,
2017.
Liang, L., Liu, Q., Liu, G., Li, H., and Huang, C.: Accuracy Evaluation and
Consistency Analysis of Four Global Land Cover Products in the Arctic
Region, Remote Sens., 11, 1396, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11121396, 2019.
Liu, C., Zhang, Q., Luo, H., Qi, S., Tao, S., Xu, H., and Yao, Y.: An
efficient approach to capture continuous impervious surface dynamics using
spatial-temporal rules and dense Landsat time series stacks, Remote Sens.
Environ., 229, 114–132, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2019.04.025, 2019.
Liu, C., Zhang, Q., Tao, S., Qi, J., Ding, M., Guan, Q., Wu, B., Zhang, M.,
Nabil, M., Tian, F., Zeng, H., Zhang, N., Bavuudorj, G., Rukundo, E., Liu,
W., Bofana, J., Beyene, A. N., and Elnashar, A.: A new framework to map fine
resolution cropping intensity across the globe: Algorithm, validation, and
implication, Remote Sens. Environ., 251, 112095,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2020.112095, 2020.
Liu, C., Huang, H., Hui, F., Zhang, Z., and Cheng, X.: Fine-Resolution
Mapping of Pan-Arctic Lake Ice-Off Phenology Based on Dense Sentinel-2 Time
Series Data, Remote Sens., 13, 2742, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13142742, 2021.
Liu, C., Huang, H., Zhang, Q., Chen, X., Xu, X., Xu, H., and Cheng, X.:
Arctic's man-made impervious surfaces expanded by over two-thirds in the
21st century, Sci. Bull., 67, 1425–1429, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scib.2022.06.001, 2022.
Liu, H., Gong, P., Wang, J., Wang, X., Ning, G., and Xu, B.: Production of
global daily seamless data cubes and quantification of global land cover
change from 1985 to 2020 - iMap World 1.0, Remote Sens. Environ., 258,
112364, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2021.112364, 2021.
Lönnqvist, A., Rauste, Y., Molinier, M., and Häme, T.: Polarimetric
SAR Data in Land Cover Mapping in Boreal Zone, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote, 48, 3652–3662, https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2010.2048115, 2010.
Loveland, T. R. and Belward, A. S.: The International Geosphere Biosphere
Programme Data and Information System global land cover data set (DISCover),
Acta Astronaut., 41, 681–689,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0094-5765(98)00050-2, 1997.
Loveland, T. R., Reed, B. C., Brown, J. F., Ohlen, D. O., Zhu, Z., Yang, L.,
and Merchant, J. W.: Development of a global land cover characteristics
database and IGBP DISCover from 1 km AVHRR data, Int. J. Remote Sens., 21,
1303–1330, https://doi.org/10.1080/014311600210191, 2000.
Lu, W., Aalberg, A., Høyland, K. V., Lubbad, R., Løset, S., and
Ingeman-Nielsen, T.: Calibration data for Infratructure mapping in Svalbard,
link to files, PANGAEA [data set], https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.895950, 2018.
Magnússon, R. Í., Limpens, J., Kleijn, D., Huissteden, K. van,
Maximov, T. C., Lobry, S., and Heijmans, M. M. P. D.: Shrub decline and
expansion of wetland vegetation revealed by very high resolution land cover
change detection in the Siberian lowland tundra, Sci. Total Environ., 782,
146877, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146877, 2021.
Miner, K. R., Turetsky, M. R., Malina, E., Bartsch, A., Tamminen, J.,
McGuire, A. D., Fix, A., Sweeney, C., Elder, C. D., and Miller, C. E.:
Permafrost carbon emissions in a changing Arctic, Nat. Rev. Earth Environ.,
3, 55–67, https://doi.org/10.1038/s43017-021-00230-3, 2022.
Moon, T. A., Overeem, I., Druckenmiller, M., Holland, M., Huntington, H.,
Kling, G., Lovecraft, A. L., Miller, G., Scambos, T., Schädel, C.,
Schuur, E. A. G., Trochim, E., Wiese, F., Williams, D., and Wong, G.: The
Expanding Footprint of Rapid Arctic Change, Earths Future, 7, 212–218,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2018EF001088, 2019.
Myers-Smith, I. H., Kerby, J. T., Phoenix, G. K., Bjerke, J. W., Epstein, H.
E., Assmann, J. J., John, C., Andreu-Hayles, L., Angers-Blondin, S., Beck,
P. S. A., Berner, L. T., Bhatt, U. S., Bjorkman, A. D., Blok, D., Bryn, A.,
Christiansen, C. T., Cornelissen, J. H. C., Cunliffe, A. M., Elmendorf, S.
C., Forbes, B. C., Goetz, S. J., Hollister, R. D., de Jong, R., Loranty, M.
M., Macias-Fauria, M., Maseyk, K., Normand, S., Olofsson, J., Parker, T. C.,
Parmentier, F.-J. W., Post, E., Schaepman-Strub, G., Stordal, F., Sullivan,
P. F., Thomas, H. J. D., Tømmervik, H., Treharne, R., Tweedie, C. E.,
Walker, D. A., Wilmking, M., and Wipf, S.: Complexity revealed in the
greening of the Arctic, Nat. Clim. Change, 10, 106–117,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-019-0688-1, 2020.
Najafi, M. R., Zwiers, F. W., and Gillett, N. P.: Attribution of Arctic
temperature change to greenhouse-gas and aerosol influences, Nat. Clim.
Change, 5, 246–249, https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate2524, 2015.
Nemani, R., Votava, P., Michaelis, A., Melton, F., Hashimoto, H., Milesi,
C., Wang, W., and Ganguly, S.: NASA Earth Exchange: A Collaborative Earth
Science Platform, in: AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts, IN53A-1161, 2010.
Niittynen, P., Heikkinen, R. K., and Luoto, M.: Snow cover is a neglected
driver of Arctic biodiversity loss, Nat. Clim. Change, 8, 997–1001,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-018-0311-x, 2018.
Olofsson, P., Foody, G. M., Herold, M., Stehman, S. V., Woodcock, C. E., and
Wulder, M. A.: Good practices for estimating area and assessing accuracy of
land change, Remote Sens. Environ., 148, 42–57,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2014.02.015, 2014.
ORNL DAAC: Spatial Data Access Tool (SDAT), ORNL DAAC, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA, https://doi.org/10.3334/ORNLDAAC/1388, 2017.
Pastorello, G., Trotta, C., Canfora, E., Chu, H., Christianson, D., Cheah, Y. W., Poindexter, C., Chen, J., Elbashandy, A., Humphrey, M., and Isaac, P.: The
FLUXNET2015 dataset and the ONEFlux processing pipeline for eddy covariance
data, Sci. Data, 7, 225, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-020-0534-3, 2020.
Porter, C., Morin, P., Howat, I., Noh, M.-J., Bates, B., Peterman, K.,
Keesey, S., Schlenk, M., Gardiner, J., Tomko, K., Willis, M., Kelleher, C.,
Cloutier, M., Husby, E., Foga, S., Nakamura, H., Platson, M., Wethington Jr.,
M., Williamson, C., Bauer, G., Enos, J., Arnold, G., Kramer, W.,
Becker, P., Doshi, A., D'Souza, C., Cummens, P., Laurier, F., and Bojesen,
M.: ArcticDEM, Harvard Dataverse [data set], https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/OHHUKH, 2018.
Potapov, P., Turubanova, S., Hansen, M. C., Tyukavina, A., Zalles, V., Khan,
A., Song, X.-P., Pickens, A., Shen, Q., and Cortez, J.: Global maps of
cropland extent and change show accelerated cropland expansion in the
twenty-first century, Nat. Food, 3, 19–28,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s43016-021-00429-z, 2022.
Previdi, M., Smith, K. L., and Polvani, L. M.: Arctic amplification of
climate change: a review of underlying mechanisms, Environ. Res. Lett., 16,
093003, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac1c29, 2021.
Raynolds, M. K., Walker, D. A., Ambrosius, K. J., Brown, J., Everett, K. R.,
Kanevskiy, M., Kofinas, G. P., Romanovsky, V. E., Shur, Y., and Webber, P.
J.: Cumulative geoecological effects of 62 years of infrastructure and
climate change in ice-rich permafrost landscapes, Prudhoe Bay Oilfield,
Alaska, Glob. Change Biol., 20, 1211–1224,
https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12500, 2014.
Raynolds, M. K., Walker, D. A., Balser, A., Bay, C., Campbell, M., Cherosov,
M. M., Daniëls, F. J. A., Eidesen, P. B., Ermokhina, K. A., Frost, G.
V., Jedrzejek, B., Jorgenson, M. T., Kennedy, B. E., Kholod, S. S.,
Lavrinenko, I. A., Lavrinenko, O. V., Magnússon, B., Matveyeva, N. V.,
Metúsalemsson, S., Nilsen, L., Olthof, I., Pospelov, I. N., Pospelova,
E. B., Pouliot, D., Razzhivin, V., Schaepman-Strub, G., Šibík, J.,
Telyatnikov, M. Y., and Troeva, E.: A raster version of the Circumpolar
Arctic Vegetation Map (CAVM), Remote Sens. Environ., 232, 111297,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2019.111297, 2019.
Rees, W. G., Hofgaard, A., Boudreau, S., Cairns, D. M., Harper, K., Mamet,
S., Mathisen, I., Swirad, Z., and Tutubalina, O.: Is subarctic forest
advance able to keep pace with climate change?, Glob. Change Biol., 26,
3965–3977, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.15113, 2020.
Richardson, A. D., Hufkens, K., Milliman, T., Aubrecht, D. M., Chen, M.,
Gray, J. M., Johnston, M. R., Keenan, T. F., Klosterman, S. T., Kosmala, M.,
Melaas, E. K., Friedl, M. A., and Frolking, S.: Tracking vegetation
phenology across diverse North American biomes using PhenoCam imagery, Sci.
Data, 5, 180028, https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2018.28, 2018.
Shevtsova, I., Heim, B., Kruse, S., Schroeder, J., Troeva, E., Pestryakova,
L. A., Zakharov, E. S., and Herzschuh, U.: Strong shrub expansion in
tundra-taiga, tree infilling in taiga and stable tundra in central Chukotka
(north-eastern Siberia) between 2000 and 2017, Environ. Res. Lett., 15,
085006, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ab9059, 2020.
Song, X.-P., Hansen, M. C., Stehman, S. V., Potapov, P. V., Tyukavina, A.,
Vermote, E. F., and Townshend, J. R.: Global land change from 1982 to 2016,
Nature, 560, 639–643, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-018-0411-9, 2018.
Walker, D. A., Raynolds, M. K., Daniëls, F. J. A., Einarsson, E.,
Elvebakk, A., Gould, W. A., Katenin, A. E., Kholod, S. S., Markon, C. J.,
Melnikov, E. S., Moskalenko, N. G., Talbot, S. S., Yurtsev, B. A., and other members of the T. C. Team: The Circumpolar Arctic
vegetation map, J. Veg. Sci., 16, 267–282,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1654-1103.2005.tb02365.x, 2005.
Wang, J. A. and Friedl, M. A.: The role of land cover change in
Arctic-Boreal greening and browning trends, Environ. Res. Lett., 14, 125007,
https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ab5429, 2019.
Wang, J. A., Sulla-Menashe, D., Woodcock, C. E., Sonnentag, O., Keeling, R.
F., and Friedl, M. A.: Extensive land cover change across Arctic–Boreal
Northwestern North America from disturbance and climate forcing, Glob.
Change Biol., 26, 807–822, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14804, 2020.
Wulder, M. A., Coops, N. C., Roy, D. P., White, J. C., and Hermosilla, T.:
Land cover 2.0, Int. J. Remote Sens., 39, 4254–4284,
https://doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2018.1452075, 2018.
Xu, X., Liu, C., Liu, C., Hui, F., Cheng, X., and Huang, H.: Circumpolar
Arctic Land Cover for circa 2020 (CALC-2020), Science Data Bank [data set],
https://doi.org/10.57760/sciencedb.01869, 2022a.
Xu, X., Liu, C., Liu, C., Hui, F., Cheng, X., and Huang, H.: Fine-resolution
mapping of the circumpolar Arctic Man-made impervious areas (CAMI) using
sentinels, OpenStreetMap and ArcticDEM, Big Earth Data, 0, 1–22,
https://doi.org/10.1080/20964471.2022.2025663, 2022b.
Xu, X., Liu, C., Liu, C., Hui, F., Cheng,
X., Huang,
H., and Chen,
X.: Circumpolar Arctic Man-made Impervious Surface Area (CAMI) Datasets[DS/OL], Science Data Bank [data set], https://doi.org/10.11922/sciencedb.01435, 2022c.
Zanaga, D., Van De Kerchove, R., De Keersmaecker, W., Souverijns, N., Brockmann, C., Quast, R., Wevers, J., Grosu, A., Paccini, A., Vergnaud, S., Cartus, O., Santoro, M., Fritz, S., Georgieva, I., Lesiv, M., Carter, S., Herold, M., Li, L., Tsendbazar, N.-E., Ramoino, F., Arino, O.: ESA WorldCover 10 m 2020 v100 (Version v100), Zenodo [data set], https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5571936, 2021.
Zhang, X., Liu, L., Wu, C., Chen, X., Gao, Y., Xie, S., and Zhang, B.: Development of a global 30 m impervious surface map using multisource and multitemporal remote sensing datasets with the Google Earth Engine platform, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 1625–1648, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-1625-2020, 2020.
Zhang, X., Liu, L., Chen, X., Gao, Y., Xie, S., and Mi, J.: GLC_FCS30: global land-cover product with fine classification system at 30 m using time-series Landsat imagery, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 2753–2776, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-2753-2021, 2021.
Zhang, Y., Song, C., Hwang, T., Novick, K., Coulston, J. W., Vose, J.,
Dannenberg, M. P., Hakkenberg, C. R., Mao, J., and Woodcock, C. E.: Land
cover change-induced decline in terrestrial gross primary production over
the conterminous United States from 2001 to 2016, Agric. For. Meteorol.,
308–309, 108609, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2021.108609, 2021.
Zhu, Z., Woodcock, C. E., Rogan, J., and Kellndorfer, J.: Assessment of
spectral, polarimetric, temporal, and spatial dimensions for urban and
peri-urban land cover classification using Landsat and SAR data, Remote
Sens. Environ., 117, 72–82, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2011.07.020,
2012.
Short summary
Rapid Arctic changes are increasingly influencing human society, both locally and globally. Land cover offers a basis for characterizing the terrestrial world, yet spatially detailed information on Arctic land cover is lacking. We employ multi-source data to develop a new land cover map for the circumpolar Arctic. Our product reveals regionally contrasting biome distributions not fully documented in existing studies and thus enhances our understanding of the Arctic’s terrestrial system.
Rapid Arctic changes are increasingly influencing human society, both locally and globally. Land...
Special issue
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint