Articles | Volume 9, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-9-557-2017
© Author(s) 2017. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-9-557-2017
© Author(s) 2017. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Brief communication
| 
14 Aug 2017
Brief communication |
| 14 Aug 2017
A new phase in the production of quality-controlled sea level data
Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Plymouth, PL1 3DH, UK
Jean-François Legeais
CLS, 31520 Ramonville-Saint-Agne, France
Michaël Ablain
CLS, 31520 Ramonville-Saint-Agne, France
Lionel Zawadzki
CLS, 31520 Ramonville-Saint-Agne, France
M. Joana Fernandes
Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, 4169-007, Porto,
Portugal
Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental
(CIIMAR), 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
Sergei Rudenko
Deutsches Geodätisches Forschungsinstitut, Technische
Universität München, 80333 Munich, Germany
Helmholtz Centre Potsdam GFZ German Research Centre for
Geosciences,
Telegrafenberg 14473 Potsdam, Germany
Loren Carrère
CLS, 31520 Ramonville-Saint-Agne, France
Pablo Nilo García
isardSAT, 08042 Barcelona, Spain
Paolo Cipollini
National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, UK
Ole B. Andersen
DTU Space, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
Jean-Christophe Poisson
CLS, 31520 Ramonville-Saint-Agne, France
Sabrina Mbajon Njiche
CGI, Leatherhead, KT22 7LP, UK
Anny Cazenave
LEGOS, 31400 Toulouse, France
ISSI, 3912 Bern, Switzerland
Jérôme Benveniste
ESA/ESRIN, 00044 Frascati, Italy
Related authors
Darren R. Clark, Andrew P. Rees, Charissa M. Ferrera, Lisa Al-Moosawi, Paul J. Somerfield, Carolyn Harris, Graham D. Quartly, Stephen Goult, Glen Tarran, and Gennadi Lessin
Biogeosciences, 19, 1355–1376, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1355-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1355-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Measurements of microbial processes were made in the sunlit open ocean during a research cruise (AMT19) between the UK and Chile. These help us to understand how microbial communities maintain the function of remote ecosystems. We find that the nitrogen cycling microbes which produce nitrite respond to changes in the environment. Our insights will aid the development of models that aim to replicate and ultimately project how marine environments may respond to ongoing climate change.
Guillaume Dodet, Jean-François Piolle, Yves Quilfen, Saleh Abdalla, Mickaël Accensi, Fabrice Ardhuin, Ellis Ash, Jean-Raymond Bidlot, Christine Gommenginger, Gwendal Marechal, Marcello Passaro, Graham Quartly, Justin Stopa, Ben Timmermans, Ian Young, Paolo Cipollini, and Craig Donlon
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 1929–1951, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-1929-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-1929-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Sea state data are of major importance for climate studies, marine engineering, safety at sea and coastal management. However, long-term sea state datasets are sparse and not always consistent. The CCI is a program of the European Space Agency, whose objective is to realize the full potential of global Earth Observation archives in order to contribute to the ECV database. This paper presents the implementation of the first release of the Sea State CCI dataset.
Graham D. Quartly, Eero Rinne, Marcello Passaro, Ole B. Andersen, Salvatore Dinardo, Sara Fleury, Kevin Guerreiro, Amandine Guillot, Stefan Hendricks, Andrey A. Kurekin, Felix L. Müller, Robert Ricker, Henriette Skourup, and Michel Tsamados
The Cryosphere Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-2018-148, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-2018-148, 2018
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
Radar altimetry is a high-precision technique for measuring sea level and sea ice thickness from space, which are important for monitoring ocean circulation, sea level rise and changes in the Arctic ice cover. This paper reviews the processing techniques needed to best extract the information from complicated radar echoes, and considers the likely developments in the coming decade.
Jean-François Legeais, Michaël Ablain, Lionel Zawadzki, Hao Zuo, Johnny A. Johannessen, Martin G. Scharffenberg, Luciana Fenoglio-Marc, M. Joana Fernandes, Ole Baltazar Andersen, Sergei Rudenko, Paolo Cipollini, Graham D. Quartly, Marcello Passaro, Anny Cazenave, and Jérôme Benveniste
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 10, 281–301, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-281-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-281-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Sea level is one of the best indicators of climate change and has been listed as one of the essential climate variables. Sea level measurements have been provided by satellite altimetry for 25 years, and the Climate Change Initiative (CCI) program of the European Space Agency has given the opportunity to provide a long-term, homogeneous and accurate sea level record. It will help scientists to better understand climate change and its variability.
Michel Tchilibou, Loren Carrere, Florent Lyard, Clément Ubelmann, Gérald Dibarboure, Edward D. Zaron, and Brian K. Arbic
Ocean Sci., 21, 325–342, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-21-325-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-21-325-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Sea level observations along the swaths of the new SWOT (Surface Water and Ocean Topography) mission were used to characterize internal tides at three semidiurnal frequencies off the Amazon shelf in the tropical Atlantic during the SWOT calibration/validation period. The atlases were derived using harmonic analysis and principal component analysis. The SWOT-derived internal tide atlas outperforms the reference atlas previously used to correct SWOT observations.
Marie Bouih, Anne Barnoud, Chunxue Yang, Andrea Storto, Alejandro Blazquez, William Llovel, Robin Fraudeau, and Anny Cazenave
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3945, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3945, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Present-day sea level rise is not uniform regionally. For better understanding of regional sea level variations, a classical approach is to compare the observed sea level trend patterns with those of the sum of the contributions. If the regional sea level budget is not closed, this allows to detect errors in the observing systems. Our study based on this approach shows the the budget is not closed in the North Atlantic Ocean and identifies as main suspect, errors in Argo-based salinity data.
Michel Tchilibou, Simon Barbot, Loren Carrere, Ariane Koch-Larrouy, Gérald Dibarboure, and Clément Ubelmann
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3947, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3947, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study presents the annual and monthly MIOST (MIOST24) internal tide atlases for the Indo-Philippine archipelago and the region off the Amazon shelf. Derived from 25 years of altimetry data and an updated wavelength database, the atlases reveal significant monthly variability of internal tides in both regions. The new atlas improves the correction of internal tides in altimetry data and outperforms MIOST 2022 and HRET existing atlases, thus supporting the development of a global atlas.
Yihao Wu, Hongkai Shi, Dongzhen Jia, Ole Baltazar Andersen, Xiufeng He, Zhicai Luo, Yu Li, Shiyuan Chen, Xiaohuan Si, Sisu Diao, Yihuang Shi, and Yanglin Chen
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-443, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-443, 2024
Revised manuscript accepted for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
We developed a high-quality and cost-effective shallow-water depth model for >120 islands in the South China Sea, using ICESat-2 and Sentinel-2 satellite data. This model accurately maps water depths with an accuracy of ~1 m. Our findings highlight the limitations of existing global bathymetry models in shallow regions. Our model exhibited superior performance in capturing fine-scale bathymetric features with unprecedented spatial resolution, providing essential data for marine applications.
Jérôme Benveniste, Salvatore Dinardo, Luciana Fenoglio-Marc, Christopher Buchhaupt, Michele Scagliola, Marcello Passaro, Karina Nielsen, Marco Restano, Américo Ambrózio, Giovanni Sabatino, Carla Orrù, and Beniamino Abis
Proc. IAHS, 385, 457–463, https://doi.org/10.5194/piahs-385-457-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/piahs-385-457-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents the RDSAR, SAR/SARin & FF-SAR altimetry processors available in the ESA Altimetry Virtual Lab (AVL) hosted on the EarthConsole® platform. An overview on processors and features as well as preliminary analyses using AVL output data are reported to demonstrate the quality of the ESA Altimetry Virtual Lab altimetry services in providing innovative solutions to the radar altimetry community. https://earthconsole.eu//
Julia Pfeffer, Anny Cazenave, Alejandro Blazquez, Bertrand Decharme, Simon Munier, and Anne Barnoud
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 3743–3768, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-3743-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-3743-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The GRACE (Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment) satellite mission enabled the quantification of water mass redistributions from 2002 to 2017. The analysis of GRACE satellite data shows here that slow changes in terrestrial water storage occurring over a few years to a decade are severely underestimated by global hydrological models. Several sources of errors may explain such biases, likely including the inaccurate representation of groundwater storage changes.
Ole Baltazar Andersen, Stine Kildegaard Rose, Adili Abulaitijiang, Shengjun Zhang, and Sara Fleury
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 4065–4075, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-4065-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-4065-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The mean sea surface (MSS) is an important reference for mapping sea-level changes across the global oceans. It is widely used by space agencies in the definition of sea-level anomalies as mapped by satellite altimetry from space. Here a new fully global high-resolution mean sea surface called DTU21MSS is presented, and a suite of evaluations are performed to demonstrate its performance.
Anny Cazenave, Julia Pfeffer, Mioara Mandea, and Veronique Dehant
Earth Syst. Dynam., 14, 733–735, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-14-733-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-14-733-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
While a 6-year oscillation has been reported for some time in the motions of the fluid outer core of the Earth, in the magnetic field and in the Earth rotation, novel results indicate that the climate system also oscillates at this 6-year frequency. This strongly suggests the existence of coupling mechanisms affecting the Earth system as a whole, from the deep Earth interior to the surface fluid envelopes.
Victor Rousseau, Robin Fraudeau, Matthew Hammond, Odilon Joël Houndegnonto, Michaël Ablain, Alejandro Blazquez, Fransisco Mir Calafat, Damien Desbruyères, Giuseppe Foti, William Llovel, Florence Marti, Benoît Meyssignac, Marco Restano, and Jérôme Benveniste
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2023-236, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2023-236, 2023
Preprint withdrawn
Short summary
Short summary
The estimation of regional Ocean Heat Content (OHC) is crucial for climate analysis and future climate predictions. In our study, we accurately estimate regional OHC changes in the Atlantic Ocean using satellite and in situ data. Findings reveal significant warming in the Atlantic basin from 2002 to 2020 with a mean trend of 0.17W/m², representing 230 times the power of global nuclear plants. The product has also been successfully validated in the North Atlantic basin using in situ data.
Anne Barnoud, Julia Pfeffer, Anny Cazenave, Robin Fraudeau, Victor Rousseau, and Michaël Ablain
Ocean Sci., 19, 321–334, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-19-321-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-19-321-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The increase in ocean mass due to land ice melting is responsible for about two-thirds of the global mean sea level rise. The ocean mass variations are monitored by GRACE and GRACE Follow-On gravimetry satellites that faced instrumental issues over the last few years. In this work, we assess the robustness of these data by comparing the ocean mass gravimetry estimates to independent observations (other satellite observations, oceanographic measurements and land ice and water models).
Stefania Camici, Gabriele Giuliani, Luca Brocca, Christian Massari, Angelica Tarpanelli, Hassan Hashemi Farahani, Nico Sneeuw, Marco Restano, and Jérôme Benveniste
Geosci. Model Dev., 15, 6935–6956, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-6935-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-6935-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents an innovative approach, STREAM (SaTellite-based Runoff Evaluation And Mapping), to derive daily river discharge and runoff estimates from satellite observations of soil moisture, precipitation, and terrestrial total water storage anomalies. Potentially useful for multiple operational and scientific applications, the added value of the STREAM approach is the ability to increase knowledge on the natural processes, human activities, and their interactions on the land.
Clément Ubelmann, Loren Carrere, Chloé Durand, Gérald Dibarboure, Yannice Faugère, Maxime Ballarotta, Frédéric Briol, and Florent Lyard
Ocean Sci., 18, 469–481, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-18-469-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-18-469-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The signature of internal tides has become an important component for high-resolution altimetry over oceans. Several studies have proposed some solutions to resolve part of these internal tides based on the altimetry record. Following these studies, we propose here a new inversion approach aimed to mitigate aliasing with other dynamics. After a description of the methodology, the solution for the main tidal components has been successfully validated against independent observations.
Darren R. Clark, Andrew P. Rees, Charissa M. Ferrera, Lisa Al-Moosawi, Paul J. Somerfield, Carolyn Harris, Graham D. Quartly, Stephen Goult, Glen Tarran, and Gennadi Lessin
Biogeosciences, 19, 1355–1376, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1355-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1355-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Measurements of microbial processes were made in the sunlit open ocean during a research cruise (AMT19) between the UK and Chile. These help us to understand how microbial communities maintain the function of remote ecosystems. We find that the nitrogen cycling microbes which produce nitrite respond to changes in the environment. Our insights will aid the development of models that aim to replicate and ultimately project how marine environments may respond to ongoing climate change.
Martin Horwath, Benjamin D. Gutknecht, Anny Cazenave, Hindumathi Kulaiappan Palanisamy, Florence Marti, Ben Marzeion, Frank Paul, Raymond Le Bris, Anna E. Hogg, Inès Otosaka, Andrew Shepherd, Petra Döll, Denise Cáceres, Hannes Müller Schmied, Johnny A. Johannessen, Jan Even Øie Nilsen, Roshin P. Raj, René Forsberg, Louise Sandberg Sørensen, Valentina R. Barletta, Sebastian B. Simonsen, Per Knudsen, Ole Baltazar Andersen, Heidi Ranndal, Stine K. Rose, Christopher J. Merchant, Claire R. Macintosh, Karina von Schuckmann, Kristin Novotny, Andreas Groh, Marco Restano, and Jérôme Benveniste
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 411–447, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-411-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-411-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Global mean sea-level change observed from 1993 to 2016 (mean rate of 3.05 mm yr−1) matches the combined effect of changes in water density (thermal expansion) and ocean mass. Ocean-mass change has been assessed through the contributions from glaciers, ice sheets, and land water storage or directly from satellite data since 2003. Our budget assessments of linear trends and monthly anomalies utilise new datasets and uncertainty characterisations developed within ESA's Climate Change Initiative.
Florence Marti, Alejandro Blazquez, Benoit Meyssignac, Michaël Ablain, Anne Barnoud, Robin Fraudeau, Rémi Jugier, Jonathan Chenal, Gilles Larnicol, Julia Pfeffer, Marco Restano, and Jérôme Benveniste
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 229–249, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-229-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-229-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The Earth energy imbalance at the top of the atmosphere due to the increase in greenhouse gases and aerosol concentrations is responsible for the accumulation of energy in the climate system. With its high thermal inertia, the ocean accumulates most of this energy excess in the form of heat. The estimation of the global ocean heat content through space geodetic observations allows monitoring of the energy imbalance with realistic uncertainties to better understand the Earth’s warming climate.
Carsten Bjerre Ludwigsen, Ole Baltazar Andersen, and Stine Kildegaard Rose
Ocean Sci., 18, 109–127, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-18-109-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-18-109-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study uses a novel satellite-independent approach to quantify the components of Arctic sea level change. The 21-year time series allows studying climate-related changes in Arctic sea level. The decomposition shows that fresh water is governing sea level change, while Arctic land ice loss contributes to a small Arctic sea level rise. The reconstruction yields good agreement with sea level observations from altimetry, despite both datasets being challenged by the harsh environment.
Simon Barbot, Florent Lyard, Michel Tchilibou, and Loren Carrere
Ocean Sci., 17, 1563–1583, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-17-1563-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-17-1563-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Internal tides are responsible for surface deformations of the ocean that could affect the measurements of the forthcoming SWOT altimetric mission and need to be corrected. This study highlights the variability of the properties of internal tides based on the stratification variability only. A single methodology is successfully applied in two areas driven by different oceanic processes: the western equatorial Atlantic and the Bay of Biscay.
Denise Dettmering, Felix L. Müller, Julius Oelsmann, Marcello Passaro, Christian Schwatke, Marco Restano, Jérôme Benveniste, and Florian Seitz
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 3733–3753, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-3733-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-3733-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, a new gridded altimetry-based regional sea level dataset for the North Sea is presented, named North SEAL. It is based on long-term multi-mission cross-calibrated altimetry data consistently preprocessed with coastal dedicated algorithms. On a 6–8 km wide triangular mesh, North SEAL provides time series of monthly sea level anomalies as well as sea level trends and amplitudes of the mean annual sea level cycle for the period 1995–2019 for various applications.
Florent H. Lyard, Damien J. Allain, Mathilde Cancet, Loren Carrère, and Nicolas Picot
Ocean Sci., 17, 615–649, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-17-615-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-17-615-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Since the mid-1990s, a series of FES (finite element solution) global ocean tidal atlases has been produced with the primary objective to provide altimetry missions with a tidal de-aliasing correction. We describe the underlying hydrodynamic/data assimilation design and accuracy assessments for the FES2014 release. The FES2014 atlas shows overall improved performance and has consequently been integrated in satellite altimetry and gravimetric data processing and adopted in ITRF standards.
Loren Carrere, Brian K. Arbic, Brian Dushaw, Gary Egbert, Svetlana Erofeeva, Florent Lyard, Richard D. Ray, Clément Ubelmann, Edward Zaron, Zhongxiang Zhao, Jay F. Shriver, Maarten Cornelis Buijsman, and Nicolas Picot
Ocean Sci., 17, 147–180, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-17-147-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-17-147-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Internal tides can have a signature of several centimeters at the ocean surface and need to be corrected from altimeter measurements. We present a detailed validation of several internal-tide models using existing satellite altimeter databases. The analysis focuses on the main diurnal and semidiurnal tidal constituents. Results show the interest of the methodology proposed, the quality of the internal-tide models tested and their positive contribution for estimating an accurate sea level.
Clara Lázaro, Maria Joana Fernandes, Telmo Vieira, and Eliana Vieira
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 3205–3228, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-3205-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-3205-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
In satellite altimetry (SA), the wet tropospheric correction (WTC) accounts for the path delay induced mainly by atmospheric water vapour. In coastal regions, the accuracy of the WTC determined by the on-board radiometer deteriorates. The GPD+ methodology, developed by the University of Porto in the remit of ESA-funded projects, computes improved WTCs for SA. Global enhanced products are generated for all past and operational altimetric missions, forming a relevant dataset for coastal altimetry.
Yvan Gouzenes, Fabien Léger, Anny Cazenave, Florence Birol, Pascal Bonnefond, Marcello Passaro, Fernando Nino, Rafael Almar, Olivier Laurain, Christian Schwatke, Jean-François Legeais, and Jérôme Benveniste
Ocean Sci., 16, 1165–1182, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-16-1165-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-16-1165-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
This study provides for the first time estimates of sea level anomalies very close to the coastline based on high-resolution retracked altimetry data, as well as corresponding sea level trends, over a 14-year time span. This new information has so far not been provided by standard altimetry data.
Guillaume Dodet, Jean-François Piolle, Yves Quilfen, Saleh Abdalla, Mickaël Accensi, Fabrice Ardhuin, Ellis Ash, Jean-Raymond Bidlot, Christine Gommenginger, Gwendal Marechal, Marcello Passaro, Graham Quartly, Justin Stopa, Ben Timmermans, Ian Young, Paolo Cipollini, and Craig Donlon
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 1929–1951, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-1929-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-1929-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Sea state data are of major importance for climate studies, marine engineering, safety at sea and coastal management. However, long-term sea state datasets are sparse and not always consistent. The CCI is a program of the European Space Agency, whose objective is to realize the full potential of global Earth Observation archives in order to contribute to the ECV database. This paper presents the implementation of the first release of the Sea State CCI dataset.
Michael Kern, Robert Cullen, Bruno Berruti, Jerome Bouffard, Tania Casal, Mark R. Drinkwater, Antonio Gabriele, Arnaud Lecuyot, Michael Ludwig, Rolv Midthassel, Ignacio Navas Traver, Tommaso Parrinello, Gerhard Ressler, Erik Andersson, Cristina Martin-Puig, Ole Andersen, Annett Bartsch, Sinead Farrell, Sara Fleury, Simon Gascoin, Amandine Guillot, Angelika Humbert, Eero Rinne, Andrew Shepherd, Michiel R. van den Broeke, and John Yackel
The Cryosphere, 14, 2235–2251, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-2235-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-2235-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The Copernicus Polar Ice and Snow Topography Altimeter will provide high-resolution sea ice thickness and land ice elevation measurements and the capability to determine the properties of snow cover on ice to serve operational products and services of direct relevance to the polar regions. This paper describes the mission objectives, identifies the key contributions the CRISTAL mission will make, and presents a concept – as far as it is already defined – for the mission payload.
Michaël Ablain, Benoît Meyssignac, Lionel Zawadzki, Rémi Jugier, Aurélien Ribes, Giorgio Spada, Jerôme Benveniste, Anny Cazenave, and Nicolas Picot
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 11, 1189–1202, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-1189-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-1189-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
A description of the uncertainties in the Global Mean Sea Level (GMSL) record has been performed; 25 years of satellite altimetry data were used to estimate the error variance–covariance matrix for the GMSL record to derive its confidence envelope. Then a least square approach was used to estimate the GMSL trend and acceleration uncertainties over any time periods. A GMSL trend of 3.35 ± 0.4 mm/yr and a GMSL acceleration of 0.12 ± 0.07 mm/yr² have been found within a 90 % confidence level.
Malcolm McMillan, Alan Muir, Andrew Shepherd, Roger Escolà, Mònica Roca, Jérémie Aublanc, Pierre Thibaut, Marco Restano, Américo Ambrozio, and Jérôme Benveniste
The Cryosphere, 13, 709–722, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-709-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-709-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Melting of the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets is one of the main causes of current sea level rise. Understanding ice sheet change requires large-scale systematic satellite monitoring programmes. This study provides the first assessment of a new long-term source of measurements, from Sentinel-3 satellite altimetry. We estimate the accuracy of Sentinel-3 across Antarctica, show that the satellite can detect regions that are rapidly losing ice, and identify signs of subglacial lake activity.
Sergei Rudenko, Saskia Esselborn, Tilo Schöne, and Denise Dettmering
Solid Earth, 10, 293–305, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-293-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-293-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
A terrestrial reference frame (TRF) realization is a basis for precise orbit determination of Earth-orbiting artificial satellites and sea level studies. We investigate the impact of a switch from an older TRF realization (ITRF2008) to a new one (ITRF2014) on the quality of orbits of three altimetry satellites (TOPEX/Poseidon, Jason-1, and Jason-2) for 1992–2015, but especially from 2009 onwards, and on altimetry products computed using the satellite orbits derived using ITRF2014.
Christian Gruber, Sergei Rudenko, Andreas Groh, Dimitrios Ampatzidis, and Elisa Fagiolini
Earth Surf. Dynam., 6, 1203–1218, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-6-1203-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-6-1203-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
By using a set of evaluation methods involving GPS, ICESat, hydrological modelling and altimetry satellite orbits, we show that the novel radial basis function (RBF) processing technique can be used for processing the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) data yielding global gravity field models which fit independent reference values at the same level as commonly accepted global geopotential models based on spherical harmonics.
WCRP Global Sea Level Budget Group
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 10, 1551–1590, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-1551-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-1551-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Global mean sea level is an integral of changes occurring in the climate system in response to unforced climate variability as well as natural and anthropogenic forcing factors. Studying the sea level budget, i.e., comparing observed global mean sea level to the sum of components (ocean thermal expansion, glaciers and ice sheet mass loss as well as changes in land water storage) improves our understanding of processes at work and provides constraints on missing contributions (e.g., deep ocean).
Chao Xiong, Hermann Lühr, Michael Schmidt, Mathis Bloßfeld, and Sergei Rudenko
Ann. Geophys., 36, 1141–1152, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-36-1141-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-36-1141-2018, 2018
Graham D. Quartly, Eero Rinne, Marcello Passaro, Ole B. Andersen, Salvatore Dinardo, Sara Fleury, Kevin Guerreiro, Amandine Guillot, Stefan Hendricks, Andrey A. Kurekin, Felix L. Müller, Robert Ricker, Henriette Skourup, and Michel Tsamados
The Cryosphere Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-2018-148, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-2018-148, 2018
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
Radar altimetry is a high-precision technique for measuring sea level and sea ice thickness from space, which are important for monitoring ocean circulation, sea level rise and changes in the Arctic ice cover. This paper reviews the processing techniques needed to best extract the information from complicated radar echoes, and considers the likely developments in the coming decade.
Saskia Esselborn, Sergei Rudenko, and Tilo Schöne
Ocean Sci., 14, 205–223, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-14-205-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-14-205-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Global and regional sea level changes are the subject of public and scientific concern. Sea level data from satellite radar altimetry rely on precise knowledge of the orbits. We assess the orbit-related uncertainty of sea level on seasonal to decadal timescales for the 1990s from a set of TOPEX/Poseidon orbit solutions. Orbit errors may hinder the estimation of global mean sea level rise acceleration. The uncertainty of sea level trends due to orbit errors reaches regionally up to 1.2 mm yr−1.
Jean-François Legeais, Michaël Ablain, Lionel Zawadzki, Hao Zuo, Johnny A. Johannessen, Martin G. Scharffenberg, Luciana Fenoglio-Marc, M. Joana Fernandes, Ole Baltazar Andersen, Sergei Rudenko, Paolo Cipollini, Graham D. Quartly, Marcello Passaro, Anny Cazenave, and Jérôme Benveniste
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 10, 281–301, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-281-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-281-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Sea level is one of the best indicators of climate change and has been listed as one of the essential climate variables. Sea level measurements have been provided by satellite altimetry for 25 years, and the Climate Change Initiative (CCI) program of the European Space Agency has given the opportunity to provide a long-term, homogeneous and accurate sea level record. It will help scientists to better understand climate change and its variability.
Christopher J. Merchant, Frank Paul, Thomas Popp, Michael Ablain, Sophie Bontemps, Pierre Defourny, Rainer Hollmann, Thomas Lavergne, Alexandra Laeng, Gerrit de Leeuw, Jonathan Mittaz, Caroline Poulsen, Adam C. Povey, Max Reuter, Shubha Sathyendranath, Stein Sandven, Viktoria F. Sofieva, and Wolfgang Wagner
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 9, 511–527, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-9-511-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-9-511-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Climate data records (CDRs) contain data describing Earth's climate and should address uncertainty in the data to communicate what is known about climate variability or change and what range of doubt exists. This paper discusses good practice for including uncertainty information in CDRs for the essential climate variables (ECVs) derived from satellite data. Recommendations emerge from the shared experience of diverse ECV projects within the European Space Agency Climate Change Initiative.
Eva Boergens, Karina Nielsen, Ole B. Andersen, Denise Dettmering, and Florian Seitz
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2017-217, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2017-217, 2017
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
The water levels of the Mekong River are observed with the SAR altimeter measurements of CryoSat-2. Even small rivers in the river system with a width of 50 m can be observed due to the higher resolution of the SAR measurements. To identify the rivers regardless of a land-water-mask we employ an unsupervised classification on features derived from the SAR measurements. The river water levels are validated and compared to gauge and Envisat data which shows the good performance of the SAR data.
Marie-Isabelle Pujol, Yannice Faugère, Guillaume Taburet, Stéphanie Dupuy, Camille Pelloquin, Michael Ablain, and Nicolas Picot
Ocean Sci., 12, 1067–1090, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-12-1067-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-12-1067-2016, 2016
Loren Carrere, Yannice Faugère, and Michaël Ablain
Ocean Sci., 12, 825–842, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-12-825-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-12-825-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
New dynamic atmospheric (DAC_ERA) and dry tropospheric (DT_ERA) correction have been computed for the altimeter period using the ERA-Interim meteorological reanalysis. The corrections improve sea level estimations in Southern Ocean and in shallow waters; the impact is the most important for the first decade of altimetry, when operational meteorological models had a weaker quality. DT_ERA remains better in the recent period. New corrections significantly impact long-term regional trends.
Jean-François Legeais, Pierre Prandi, and Stéphanie Guinehut
Ocean Sci., 12, 647–662, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-12-647-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-12-647-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Sea level is a key indicator of climate change and has been monitored by satellite altimetry for more than 2 decades. The evaluation of the performances of the altimeter missions can be performed by comparison with in situ-independent measurements from Argo profiling floats. This allows for the detection of altimeter drift and the estimation of the impact of a new altimeter standard. This study aims at characterizing the errors of the method thanks to sensitivity analyses to different parameters.
L. Zawadzki and M. Ablain
Ocean Sci., 12, 9–18, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-12-9-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-12-9-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
The reference mean sea level (MSL) record, essential for understanding climate evolution, is derived from the altimetric measurements of the TOPEX/Poseidon mission, followed by Jason-1 and later Jason-2 on the same orbit. Soon, Jason-3 will be launched on the same historical orbit, followed by Sentinel-3a on a new one. This paper shows linking missions with the same orbit enables meeting climate user requirements regarding the MSL trend while using Sentinel-3a would increase the uncertainty.
H. B. Dieng, A. Cazenave, K. von Schuckmann, M. Ablain, and B. Meyssignac
Ocean Sci., 11, 789–802, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-11-789-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-11-789-2015, 2015
M. Ablain, A. Cazenave, G. Larnicol, M. Balmaseda, P. Cipollini, Y. Faugère, M. J. Fernandes, O. Henry, J. A. Johannessen, P. Knudsen, O. Andersen, J. Legeais, B. Meyssignac, N. Picot, M. Roca, S. Rudenko, M. G. Scharffenberg, D. Stammer, G. Timms, and J. Benveniste
Ocean Sci., 11, 67–82, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-11-67-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-11-67-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents various respective data improvements achieved within the European Space Agency (ESA) Climate Change Initiative (ESA CCI) project on sea level during its first phase (2010-2013), using multi-mission satellite altimetry data over the 1993-2010 time span.
J.-F. Legeais, M. Ablain, and S. Thao
Ocean Sci., 10, 893–905, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-10-893-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-10-893-2014, 2014
S. Rudenko, N. Schön, M. Uhlemann, and G. Gendt
Solid Earth, 4, 23–41, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-4-23-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-4-23-2013, 2013
Related subject area
Physical oceanography
Global ocean surface heat fluxes derived from the maximum entropy production framework accounting for ocean heat storage and Bowen ratio adjustments
A European database of resources on coastal storm impacts
Multi-year observations of near-bed hydrodynamics and suspended sediment at the core of the estuarine turbidity maximum of the Changjiang Estuary
Surface current variability in the East Australian Current from long-term high-frequency radar observations
SDUST2023VGGA: a global ocean vertical gradient of gravity anomaly model determined from multidirectional data from mean sea surface
A new multi-grid bathymetric dataset of the Gulf of Naples (Italy) from complementary multi-beam echo sounders
A submesoscale eddy identification dataset in the northwest Pacific Ocean derived from GOCI I chlorophyll a data based on deep learning
MASCS 1.0: synchronous atmospheric and oceanic data from a cross-shaped moored array in the northern South China Sea during 2014–2015
Reprocessing of eXpendable BathyThermograph (XBT) profiles from the Ligurian and Tyrrhenian seas over the time period 1999–2019 with a full metadata upgrade
Coastal Atmosphere and Sea Time Series (CoASTS) and Bio-Optical mapping of Marine Properties (BiOMaP): the CoASTS-BiOMaP dataset
Spatio-temporal changes in China's mainland shorelines over 30 years using Landsat time series data (1990–2019)
ISASO2: recent trends and regional patterns of ocean dissolved oxygen change
Constructing a 22-year internal wave dataset for the northern South China Sea: spatiotemporal analysis using MODIS imagery and deep learning
Near-real-time atmospheric and oceanic science products of Himawari-8 and Himawari-9 geostationary satellites over the South China Sea
HHU24SWDSCS: A shallow-water depth model over island areas in South China Sea retrieved from Satellite-derived bathymetry
XBT data collected along the Southern Ocean “chokepoint” between New Zealand and Antarctica, 1994–2024
High-resolution observations of the ocean upper layer south of Cape St. Vincent, the western northern margin of the Gulf of Cádiz
Gap-filled subsurface mooring dataset off Western Australia during 2010–2023
Catalogue of coastal-based instances with bathymetric and topographic data
Oceanographic monitoring in Hornsund fjord, Svalbard
The IAS2024 coastal sea level dataset and first evaluations
Salinity and Stratification at the Sea Ice Edge (SASSIE): an oceanographic field campaign in the Beaufort Sea
Weekly green tide mapping in the Yellow Sea with deep learning: integrating optical and synthetic aperture radar ocean imagery
ASM-SS: The First Quasi-Global High Spatial Resolution Coastal Storm Surge Dataset Reconstructed from Tide Gauge Records
IAPv4 ocean temperature and ocean heat content gridded dataset
Probabilistic reconstruction of sea-level changes and their causes since 1900
Global Coastal Characteristics (GCC): a global dataset of geophysical, hydrodynamic, and socioeconomic coastal indicators
Insights from a topo-bathymetric and oceanographic dataset for coastal flooding studies: the French Flooding Prevention Action Program of Saint-Malo
Gap-filling techniques applied to the GOCI-derived daily sea surface salinity product for the Changjiang diluted water front in the East China Sea
A daily reconstructed chlorophyll-a dataset in the South China Sea from MODIS using OI-SwinUnet
Underwater light environment in Arctic fjords
Multiyear surface wave dataset from the subsurface “DeepLev” eastern Levantine moored station
SDUST2020MGCR: a global marine gravity change rate model determined from multi-satellite altimeter data
Lagrangian surface drifter observations in the North Sea: an overview of high-resolution tidal dynamics and surface currents
The physical and biogeochemical parameters along the coastal waters of Saudi Arabia during field surveys in summer, 2021
A Lagrangian coherent eddy atlas for biogeochemical applications in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre
Global marine gravity gradient tensor inverted from altimetry-derived deflections of the vertical: CUGB2023GRAD
Reconstruction of hourly coastal water levels and counterfactuals without sea level rise for impact attribution
3D reconstruction of horizontal and vertical quasi-geostrophic currents in the North Atlantic Ocean
Laboratory data linking the reconfiguration of and drag on individual plants to the velocity structure and wave dissipation over a meadow of salt marsh plants under waves with and without current
Exploring multi-decadal time series of temperature extremes in Australian coastal waters
Measurements of morphodynamics of a sheltered beach along the Dutch Wadden Sea
Lagoon hydrodynamics of pearl farming islands: the case of Gambier (French Polynesia)
Oceanographic dataset collected during the 2021 scientific expedition of the Canadian Coast Guard Ship Amundsen
Extension of a high temporal resolution sea level time series at Socoa (Saint-Jean-de-Luz, France) back to 1875
Hyperspectral reflectance of pristine, ocean weathered and biofouled plastics from a dry to wet and submerged state
Lagoon hydrodynamics of pearl farming atolls: the case of Raroia, Takapoto, Apataki and Takaroa (French Polynesia)
Measurements of nearshore ocean-surface kinematics through coherent arrays of free-drifting buoys
A Mediterranean drifter dataset
The DTU21 global mean sea surface and first evaluation
Yong Yang, Huaiwei Sun, Jingfeng Wang, Wenxin Zhang, Gang Zhao, Weiguang Wang, Lei Cheng, Lu Chen, Hui Qin, and Zhanzhang Cai
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 17, 1191–1216, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-1191-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-1191-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Traditional methods for estimating ocean heat flux often introduce large uncertainties due to complex parameterizations. To tackle this issue, we developed a novel framework based on maximum entropy production (MEP) theory. By incorporating heat storage effects and refining the Bowen ratio, we enhanced the MEP method's accuracy. This research derives a new long-term global ocean latent heat flux dataset that offers high accuracy, enhancing our understanding of ocean energy dynamics.
Paola Emilia Souto-Ceccon, Juan Montes, Enrico Duo, Paolo Ciavola, Tomás Fernández-Montblanc, and Clara Armaroli
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 17, 1041–1054, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-1041-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-1041-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This dataset supports the growing need for information on coastal storm impacts. It covers different European countries and is an open-access tool that can be exploited, updated, or complemented by different users and for different purposes. Via labelling with unique identifiers, the database allows for a quick and consistent retrieval of all of the resources associated with a storm event. The adopted approach can be easily exported to all European countries and beyond.
Zaiyang Zhou, Jianzhong Ge, Dirk Sebastiaan van Maren, Hualong Luan, Wenyun Guo, Jianfei Ma, Yingjia Tao, Peng Xu, Fuhai Dao, Wanlun Yang, Keteng Ke, Shenyang Shi, Jingting Zhang, Yu Kuai, Cheng Li, Jinghua Gu, and Pingxing Ding
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 17, 917–935, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-917-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-917-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The North Passage (NP) is the primary navigation channel of the Changjiang Estuary, supporting the shipping needs of Shanghai and its surrounding regions. To enhance our understanding of hydrodynamics and sediment dynamics of the NP, a multi-year field observation campaign was designed and conducted from 2015 to 2018. This campaign improves the temporal and spatial coverage compared to previous observations, enabling more detailed investigations of this important channel system.
Manh Cuong Tran, Moninya Roughan, and Amandine Schaeffer
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 17, 937–963, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-937-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-937-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The East Australian Current (EAC) plays an important role in the marine ecosystem and climate of the region. To understand the EAC regime and the inner shelf dynamics, we implement a variational approach to produce the first multiyear coastal radar dataset (2012–2023) in this region. The validated data allow for a comprehensive investigation of the EAC dynamics. This dataset will be useful for understanding the complex EAC regime and its far-reaching impacts on the shelf environment.
Ruichen Zhou, Jinyun Guo, Shaoshuai Ya, Heping Sun, and Xin Liu
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 17, 817–836, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-817-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-817-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
SDUST2023VGGA is a high-resolution (1' × 1') model developed to map the ocean's vertical gradient of gravity anomaly. By using multidirectional mean sea surface data, it reduces the impact of ocean dynamics and provides detailed global gravity anomaly change rates. This model provides critical insights into seafloor structures and ocean mass distribution, contributing to research in marine geophysics and oceanography. The dataset is freely available on Zenodo.
Federica Foglini, Marzia Rovere, Renato Tonielli, Giorgio Castellan, Mariacristina Prampolini, Francesca Budillon, Marco Cuffaro, Gabriella Di Martino, Valentina Grande, Sara Innangi, Maria Filomena Loreto, Leonardo Langone, Fantina Madricardo, Alessandra Mercorella, Paolo Montagna, Camilla Palmiotto, Claudio Pellegrini, Antonio Petrizzo, Lorenzo Petracchini, Alessandro Remia, Marco Sacchi, Daphnie Sanchez Galvez, Anna Nora Tassetti, and Fabio Trincardi
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 17, 181–203, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-181-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-181-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
In 2022, the new CNR research vessel Gaia Blu explored the seabed of the Naples and Pozzuoli gulfs and the Amalfi coastal area (Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy) from 50–2000 m water depth, covering 5000 m2 of seafloor. This paper describes data acquisition and processing and provides maps in unprecedented detail of this area affected by geological changes and human impacts. The findings support future geological and geomorphological investigations and mapping and monitoring of the seafloor and habitats.
Yan Wang, Ge Chen, Jie Yang, Zhipeng Gui, and Dehua Peng
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 5737–5752, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-5737-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-5737-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Mesoscale eddies are ubiquitous in the ocean and account for 90 % of its kinetic energy, but their generation and dissipation are difficult to observe using current remote sensing technology. Our submesoscale eddy dataset, formed by suppressing large-scale circulation signals and enhancing small-scale chlorophyll structures, has important implications for understanding marine environments and ecosystems, as well as improving climate model predictions.
Han Zhang, Dake Chen, Tongya Liu, Di Tian, Min He, Qi Li, Guofei Wei, and Jian Liu
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 5665–5679, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-5665-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-5665-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This paper provides a cross-shaped moored array dataset (MASCS 1.0) of observations that consist of five buoys and four moorings in the northern South China Sea from 2014 to 2015. The moored array is influenced by atmospheric forcings such as tropical cyclones and monsoon as well as oceanic tides and flows. The data reveal variations of the air–sea interface and the ocean itself, which are valuable for studies of air–sea interactions and ocean dynamics in the northern South China Sea.
Simona Simoncelli, Franco Reseghetti, Claudia Fratianni, Lijing Cheng, and Giancarlo Raiteri
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 5531–5561, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-5531-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-5531-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This data review is about the reprocessing of historical eXpendable BathyThermograp (XBT) profiles from the Ligurian and Tyrrhenian seas over the time period 1999–2019. A new automated quality control analysis has been performed starting from the original raw data and operational log sheets. The data have been formatted and standardized according to the latest community best practices, and all available metadata have been inserted, including calibration information and uncertainty specification.
Giuseppe Zibordi and Jean-François Berthon
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 5477–5502, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-5477-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-5477-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The Coastal Atmosphere and Sea Time Series (CoASTS) and Bio-Optical mapping of Marine Properties (BiOMaP) programs produced bio-optical data supporting satellite ocean color applications across European seas for almost 2 decades. CoASTS and BiOMaP applied equal standardized instruments, measurement methods, quality control schemes and processing codes to ensure temporal and spatial consistency with data products.
Gang Yang, Ke Huang, Lin Zhu, Weiwei Sun, Chao Chen, Xiangchao Meng, Lihua Wang, and Yong Ge
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 5311–5331, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-5311-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-5311-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Continuous monitoring of shoreline dynamics is critical to understanding the drivers of shoreline change and evolution. This study uses long-term sequences of Landsat Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM), Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+), and Operational Land Imager (OLI) images to analyze the spatio-temporal evolution characteristics of the coastlines of Hainan, mainland China, Taiwan, and other countries from 1990 to 2019.
Nicolas Kolodziejczyk, Esther Portela, Virginie Thierry, and Annaig Prigent
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 5191–5206, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-5191-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-5191-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Oceanic dissolved oxygen (DO) is fundamental for ocean biogeochemical cycles and marine life. To ease the computation of the ocean oxygen budget from in situ DO data, mapping of data on a regular 3D grid is useful. Here, we present a new DO gridded product from the Argo database. We compare it with existing DO mapping from a historical dataset. We suggest that the ocean has generally been losing oxygen since the 1980s, but large interannual and regional variabilities should be considered.
Xudong Zhang and Xiaofeng Li
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 5131–5144, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-5131-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-5131-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Internal wave (IW) is an important ocean process and is frequently observed in the South China Sea (SCS). This study presents a detailed IW dataset for the northern SCS spanning from 2000 to 2022, with a spatial resolution of 250 m, comprising 3085 IW MODIS images. This dataset can enhance understanding of IW dynamics and serve as a valuable resource for studying ocean dynamics, validating numerical models, and advancing AI-driven model building, fostering further exploration into IW phenomena.
Jian Liu, Jingjing Yu, Chuyong Lin, Min He, Haiyan Liu, Wei Wang, and Min Min
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 4949–4969, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-4949-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-4949-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The Japanese Himawari-8 and Himawari-9 (H8/9) geostationary (GEO) satellites are strategically positioned over the South China Sea (SCS), spanning from 3 November 2022 to the present. They mainly provide cloud mask, fraction, height, phase, optical, and microphysical property; layered precipitable water; and sea surface temperature products within a temporal resolution of 10 min and a gridded resolution of 0.05° × 0.05°.
Yihao Wu, Hongkai Shi, Dongzhen Jia, Ole Baltazar Andersen, Xiufeng He, Zhicai Luo, Yu Li, Shiyuan Chen, Xiaohuan Si, Sisu Diao, Yihuang Shi, and Yanglin Chen
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-443, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-443, 2024
Revised manuscript accepted for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
We developed a high-quality and cost-effective shallow-water depth model for >120 islands in the South China Sea, using ICESat-2 and Sentinel-2 satellite data. This model accurately maps water depths with an accuracy of ~1 m. Our findings highlight the limitations of existing global bathymetry models in shallow regions. Our model exhibited superior performance in capturing fine-scale bathymetric features with unprecedented spatial resolution, providing essential data for marine applications.
Giuseppe Aulicino, Antonino Ian Ferola, Laura Fortunato, Giorgio Budillon, Pasquale Castagno, Pierpaolo Falco, Giannetta Fusco, Naomi Krauzig, Giancarlo Spezie, Enrico Zambianchi, and Yuri Cotroneo
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-417, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-417, 2024
Revised manuscript accepted for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
This study gathered water temperature data in the last 30 years from several research cruises using XBT probes between New Zealand and the Ross Sea (Antarctica). These observations, collected in the framework of Italian National Antarctic Research Program, were rigorously checked for accuracy and corrected for depth and temperature bias. The public dataset offers valuable information to get insights into the Southern Ocean's climate and improve satellite observations and oceanographic models.
Sarah A. Rautenbach, Carlos Mendes de Sousa, Mafalda Carapuço, and Paulo Relvas
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 4641–4654, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-4641-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-4641-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This article presents the data of a 4-month observation of the Iberian Margin Cape St. Vincent ocean observatory, in Portugal (2022), a European Multidisciplinary Seafloor and water column Observatory node. Three instruments at depths between 150 and 200 m collected physical/biogeochemical parameters at different spatial and temporal scales. EMSO-ERIC aims at developing strategies to enable sustainable ocean observation with regards to costs, time, and resolution.
Toan Bui, Ming Feng, and Chris Chapman
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-449, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-449, 2024
Revised manuscript accepted for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
Time series data are crucial to detect changes in the ocean. Moored instruments have traditionally been used to obtain long-term observations on the continental shelf. However, mooring losses or instrument failures often result in data gaps. Here we present a gap-filled time series dataset of a shelf mooring array off the Western Australian coast, by adopting a machine learning tool to fill the data gaps. The gap-filled data has acceptable errors and shows consistency with observations.
Owein Thuillier, Nicolas Le Josse, Alexandru-Liviu Olteanu, Marc Sevaux, and Hervé Tanguy
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 4529–4556, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-4529-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-4529-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Our study unveils a comprehensive catalogue of 17 700 unique coastal digital elevation models (DEMs) derived from the General Bathymetric Chart of the Oceans (GEBCO) as of 2022. These DEMs are designed to support a variety of scientific and educational purposes. Organised into three libraries, they cover a wide range of coastal geometries and different sizes. Data and custom colour palettes for visualisation are made freely available online, promoting open science and collaboration.
Meri Korhonen, Mateusz Moskalik, Oskar Głowacki, and Vineet Jain
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 4511–4527, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-4511-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-4511-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Since 2015, temperature and salinity have been monitored in Hornsund fjord (Svalbard), where retreating glaciers add meltwater and terrestrial matter to coastal waters. Therefore, turbidity and water sampling for suspended sediment concentration and sediment deposition are measured. The monitoring spans from May to October, enabling studies on seasonality and its variability over the years, and the dataset covers the whole fjord, including the inner basins in close proximity to the glaciers.
Fukai Peng, Xiaoli Deng, Yunzhong Shen, and Xiao Cheng
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-385, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-385, 2024
Revised manuscript accepted for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
A new reprocessed altimeter coastal sea level dataset, namely IAS2024, for monitoring sea level changes along the world’s coastlines has been presented. The evaluation and validation results confirm the reliability of this dataset. The altimeter-based virtual stations along the world’s coastlines can be built from this dataset to monitor the coastal sea level changes where tide gauges are unavailable. Therefore, it would be beneficial for both oceanographic communities and policy makers.
Kyla Drushka, Elizabeth Westbrook, Frederick M. Bingham, Peter Gaube, Suzanne Dickinson, Severine Fournier, Viviane Menezes, Sidharth Misra, Jaynice Pérez Valentín, Edwin J. Rainville, Julian J. Schanze, Carlyn Schmidgall, Andrey Shcherbina, Michael Steele, Jim Thomson, and Seth Zippel
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 4209–4242, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-4209-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-4209-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The NASA SASSIE mission aims to understand the role of salinity in modifying sea ice formation in early autumn. The 2022 SASSIE campaign collected measurements of upper-ocean properties, including stratification (layering of the ocean) and air–sea fluxes in the Beaufort Sea. These data are presented here and made publicly available on the NASA Physical Oceanography Distributed Active Archive Center (PO.DAAC), along with code to manipulate the data and generate the figures presented herein.
Le Gao, Yuan Guo, and Xiaofeng Li
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 4189–4207, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-4189-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-4189-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Since 2008, the Yellow Sea has faced a significant ecological issue, the green tide, which has become one of the world's largest marine disasters. Satellite remote sensing plays a pivotal role in detecting this phenomenon. This study uses AI-based models to extract the daily green tide from MODIS and SAR images and integrates these daily data to introduce a continuous weekly dataset, which aids research in disaster simulation, forecasting, and prevention.
Lianjun Yang, Taoyong Jin, and Weiping Jiang
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-350, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-350, 2024
Revised manuscript accepted for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
Storm surges (SSs) cause massive loss of life and property in coastal areas each year. High spatial resolution and long-term SS records are the basis for assessing such events. However, tide gauges can provide limited SS information due to sparse and uneven distributions. Based on artificial intelligence technology and tide gauges, a high spatial coverage SS dataset was generated for period from 1940 to 2020, which can provide possible alternative support for deepening our understanding of SSs.
Lijing Cheng, Yuying Pan, Zhetao Tan, Huayi Zheng, Yujing Zhu, Wangxu Wei, Juan Du, Huifeng Yuan, Guancheng Li, Hanlin Ye, Viktor Gouretski, Yuanlong Li, Kevin E. Trenberth, John Abraham, Yuchun Jin, Franco Reseghetti, Xiaopei Lin, Bin Zhang, Gengxin Chen, Michael E. Mann, and Jiang Zhu
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 3517–3546, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-3517-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-3517-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Observational gridded products are essential for understanding the ocean, the atmosphere, and climate change; they support policy decisions and socioeconomic developments. This study provides an update of an ocean subsurface temperature and ocean heat content gridded product, named the IAPv4 data product, which is available for the upper 6000 m (119 levels) since 1940 (more reliable after ~1955) for monthly and 1° × 1° temporal and spatial resolutions.
Sönke Dangendorf, Qiang Sun, Thomas Wahl, Philip Thompson, Jerry X. Mitrovica, and Ben Hamlington
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 3471–3494, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-3471-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-3471-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Sea-level information from the global ocean is sparse in time and space, with comprehensive data being limited to the period since 2005. Here we provide a novel reconstruction of sea level and its contributing causes, as determined by a Kalman smoother approach applied to tide gauge records over the period 1900–2021. The new reconstruction shows a continuing acceleration in global mean sea-level rise since 1970 that is dominated by melting land ice. Contributors vary significantly by region.
Panagiotis Athanasiou, Ap van Dongeren, Maarten Pronk, Alessio Giardino, Michalis Vousdoukas, and Roshanka Ranasinghe
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 3433–3452, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-3433-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-3433-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The shape of the coast, the intensity of waves, the height of the water levels, the presence of people or critical infrastructure, and the land use are important information to assess the vulnerability of the coast to coastal hazards. Here, we provide 80 indicators of this kind at consistent locations along the global ice-free coastline using open-access global datasets. These can be valuable for quick assessments of the vulnerability of the coast and at data-poor locations.
Léo Seyfried, Laurie Biscara, Héloïse Michaud, Fabien Leckler, Audrey Pasquet, Marc Pezerat, and Clément Gicquel
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 3345–3367, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-3345-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-3345-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In Saint-Malo, France, an initiative to enhance marine submersion prevention began in 2018. Shom conducted an extensive sea campaign, mapping the bay's topography and exploring coastal processes. High-resolution data improve knowledge of the interactions between waves, tide and surge and determine processes responsible for submersion. Beyond science, these findings contribute crucially to a local warning system, providing a tangible solution to protect the community from coastal threats.
Jisun Shin, Dae-Won Kim, So-Hyun Kim, Gi Seop Lee, Boo-Keun Khim, and Young-Heon Jo
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 3193–3211, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-3193-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-3193-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We overcame the limitations of satellite and reanalysis sea surface salinity (SSS) datasets and produced a gap-free gridded SSS product with reasonable accuracy and a spatial resolution of 1 km using a machine learning model. Our data enabled the recognition of SSS distribution and movement patterns of the Changjiang diluted water (CDW) front in the East China Sea (ECS) during summer. These results will further advance our understanding and monitoring of long-term SSS variations in the ECS.
Haibin Ye, Chaoyu Yang, Yuan Dong, Shilin Tang, and Chuqun Chen
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 3125–3147, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-3125-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-3125-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
A deep-learning model for gap-filling based on expected variance was developed. OI-SwinUnet achieves good performance reconstructing chlorophyll-a concentration data on the South China Sea. The reconstructed dataset depicts both the spatiotemporal patterns at the seasonal scale and a fast-change process at the weather scale. Reconstructed data show chlorophyll perturbations of individual eddies at different life stages, giving academics a unique and complete perspective on eddy studies.
Robert W. Schlegel, Rakesh Kumar Singh, Bernard Gentili, Simon Bélanger, Laura Castro de la Guardia, Dorte Krause-Jensen, Cale A. Miller, Mikael Sejr, and Jean-Pierre Gattuso
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 2773–2788, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-2773-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-2773-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Fjords play a vital role in the Arctic ecosystems and human communities. It is therefore important to have as clear of an understanding of the processes within these systems as possible. While temperature and salinity tend to be well measured, light is usually not. The dataset described in this paper uses remotely sensed data from 2003 to 2022 to address this problem by providing high-spatial-resolution surface, water column, and seafloor light data for several well-studied Arctic fjords.
Nir Haim, Vika Grigorieva, Rotem Soffer, Boaz Mayzel, Timor Katz, Ronen Alkalay, Eli Biton, Ayah Lazar, Hezi Gildor, Ilana Berman-Frank, Yishai Weinstein, Barak Herut, and Yaron Toledo
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 2659–2668, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-2659-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-2659-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This paper outlines the process of creating an open-access surface wave dataset, drawing from deep-sea research station observations located 50 km off the coast of Israel. The discussion covers the wave monitoring procedure, from instrument configuration to wave field retrieval, and aspects of quality assurance. The dataset presented spans over 5 years, offering uncommon in situ wave measurements in the deep sea, and addresses the existing gap in wave information within the region.
Fengshun Zhu, Jinyun Guo, Huiying Zhang, Lingyong Huang, Heping Sun, and Xin Liu
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 2281–2296, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-2281-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-2281-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We used multi-satellite altimeter data to construct a high-resolution marine gravity change rate (MGCR) model on 5′×5′ grids, named SDUST2020MGCR. The spatial distribution of SDUST2020MGCR and GRACE MGCR are similar, such as in the eastern seas of Japan (dipole), western seas of the Nicobar Islands (rising), and southern seas of Greenland (falling). The SDUST2020MGCR can provide a detailed view of long-term marine gravity change, which will help to study the seawater mass migration.
Lisa Deyle, Thomas H. Badewien, Oliver Wurl, and Jens Meyerjürgens
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 2099–2112, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-2099-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-2099-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
A dataset from the North Sea of 85 surface drifters from 2017–2021 is presented. Surface drifters enable the analysis of ocean currents by determining the velocities of surface currents and tidal effects. The entire North Sea has not been studied using drifters before, but the analysis of ocean currents is essential, e.g., to understand the pathways of plastic. The results show that there are strong tidal effects in the shallow North Sea area and strong surface currents in the deep areas.
Yasser O. Abualnaja, Alexandra Pavlidou, James H. Churchill, Ioannis Hatzianestis, Dimitris Velaoras, Harilaos Kontoyiannis, Vassilis P. Papadopoulos, Aristomenis P. Karageorgis, Georgia Assimakopoulou, Helen Kaberi, Theodoros Kannelopoulos, Constantine Parinos, Christina Zeri, Dionysios Ballas, Elli Pitta, Vassiliki Paraskevopoulou, Afroditi Androni, Styliani Chourdaki, Vassileia Fioraki, Stylianos Iliakis, Georgia Kabouri, Angeliki Konstantinopoulou, Georgios Krokos, Dimitra Papageorgiou, Alkiviadis Papageorgiou, Georgios Pappas, Elvira Plakidi, Eleni Rousselaki, Ioanna Stavrakaki, Eleni Tzempelikou, Panagiota Zachioti, Anthi Yfanti, Theodore Zoulias, Abdulah Al Amoudi, Yasser Alshehri, Ahmad Alharbi, Hammad Al Sulami, Taha Boksmati, Rayan Mutwalli, and Ibrahim Hoteit
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 1703–1731, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1703-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1703-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We present oceanographic measurements obtained during two surveillance cruises conducted in June and September 2021 in the Red Sea and the Arabian Gulf. It is the first multidisciplinary survey within the Saudi Arabian coastal zone, extending from near the Saudi–Jordanian border in the north of the Red Sea to the south close to the Saudi--Yemen border and in the Arabian Gulf. The objective was to record the pollution status along the coastal zone of the kingdom related to specific pressures.
Alexandra E. Jones-Kellett and Michael J. Follows
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 1475–1501, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1475-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1475-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Ocean eddies can limit horizontal mixing, potentially isolating phytoplankton populations and affecting their concentration. We used two decades of satellite data and computer simulations to identify and track eddy-trapping boundaries in the Pacific Ocean for application in phytoplankton research. Although some eddies trap water masses for months, many continuously mix with surrounding waters. A case study shows how eddy trapping can enhance the signature of a phytoplankton bloom.
Richard Fiifi Annan, Xiaoyun Wan, Ruijie Hao, and Fei Wang
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 1167–1176, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1167-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1167-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Gravity gradient tensor, a set of six unique gravity signals, is suitable for detecting undersea features. However, due to poor spatial resolution in past years, it has received less research interest and investment. However, current datasets have better accuracy and resolutions, thereby necessitating a revisit. Our analysis shows comparable results with reference models. We conclude that current-generation altimetry datasets can precisely resolve all six gravity gradients.
Simon Treu, Sanne Muis, Sönke Dangendorf, Thomas Wahl, Julius Oelsmann, Stefanie Heinicke, Katja Frieler, and Matthias Mengel
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 1121–1136, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1121-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1121-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This article describes a reconstruction of monthly coastal water levels from 1900–2015 and hourly data from 1979–2015, both with and without long-term sea level rise. The dataset is based on a combination of three datasets that are focused on different aspects of coastal water levels. Comparison with tide gauge records shows that this combination brings reconstructions closer to the observations compared to the individual datasets.
Sarah Asdar, Daniele Ciani, and Bruno Buongiorno Nardelli
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 1029–1046, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1029-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1029-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Estimating 3D currents is crucial for the understanding of ocean dynamics, and a precise knowledge of ocean circulation is essential to ensure a sustainable ocean. In this context, a new high-resolution (1 / 10°) data-driven dataset of 3D ocean currents has been developed within the European Space Agency World Ocean Circulation project, providing 10 years (2010–2019) of horizontal and vertical quasi-geostrophic currents at daily resolution over the North Atlantic Ocean, down to 1500 m depth.
Xiaoxia Zhang and Heidi Nepf
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 1047–1062, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1047-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1047-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study measured the wave-induced plant drag, flow structure, turbulent intensity, and wave energy attenuation in the presence of a salt marsh. We showed that leaves contribute to most of the total plant drag and wave dissipation. Plant resistance significantly reshapes the velocity profile and enhances turbulence intensity. Adding current obviously impact the plants' wave decay capacity. The dataset can be reused to develop and calibrate marsh-flow theoretical and numerical models.
Michael Hemming, Moninya Roughan, and Amandine Schaeffer
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 887–901, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-887-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-887-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We present new datasets that are useful for exploring extreme ocean temperature events in Australian coastal waters. These datasets span multiple decades, starting from the 1940s and 1950s, and include observations from the surface to the bottom at four coastal sites. The datasets provide valuable insights into the intensity, frequency and timing of extreme warm and cold temperature events and include event characteristics such as duration, onset and decline rates and their categorisation.
Marlies A. van der Lugt, Jorn W. Bosma, Matthieu A. de Schipper, Timothy D. Price, Marcel C. G. van Maarseveen, Pieter van der Gaag, Gerben Ruessink, Ad J. H. M. Reniers, and Stefan G. J. Aarninkhof
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 903–918, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-903-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-903-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
A 6-week field campaign was carried out at a sheltered sandy beach on Texel along the Dutch Wadden Sea with the aim of gaining new insights into the driving processes behind sheltered beach morphodynamics. Detailed measurements of the local hydrodynamics, bed-level changes and sediment composition were collected. The morphological evolution on this sheltered site is the result of the subtle interplay between waves, currents and bed composition.
Oriane Bruyère, Romain Le Gendre, Vetea Liao, and Serge Andréfouët
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 667–679, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-667-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-667-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
During 2019–2020, the lagoon and forereefs of Gambier Island (French Polynesia) were monitored with oceanographic instruments to measure lagoon hydrodynamics and ocean–lagoon water exchanges. Gambier Island is a key black pearl producer and the study goal was to understand the processes influencing spat collection of pearl oyster Pinctada margaritifera, the species used to produce black pearls. The data set is provided to address local pearl farming questions and other investigations as well.
Tahiana Ratsimbazafy, Thibaud Dezutter, Amélie Desmarais, Daniel Amirault, Pascal Guillot, and Simon Morisset
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 471–499, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-471-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-471-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The Canadian Coast Guard Ship has collected oceanographic data across the Canadian Arctic annually since 2003. Such activity aims to support Canadian and international researchers. The ship has several instruments with cutting-edge technology available for research each year during the summer. The data presented here include measurements of physical, chemical and biological variables during the year 2021. Datasets collected from each expedition are available free of charge for the public.
Md Jamal Uddin Khan, Inge Van Den Beld, Guy Wöppelmann, Laurent Testut, Alexa Latapy, and Nicolas Pouvreau
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 5739–5753, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-5739-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-5739-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Established in the southwest of France in 1875, the Socoa tide gauge is part of the national sea level monitoring network in France. Through a data archaeology exercise, a large part of the records of this gauge in paper format have been rescued and digitized. The digitized data were processed and quality controlled to produce a uniform hourly sea level time series covering 1875 to the present day. This new dataset is important for climate research on sea level rise, tides, and storm surges.
Robin V. F. de Vries, Shungudzemwoyo P. Garaba, and Sarah-Jeanne Royer
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 5575–5596, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-5575-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-5575-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We present a high-quality dataset of hyperspectral point and multipixel reflectance observations of virgin, ocean-harvested, and biofouled multipurpose plastics. Biofouling and a submerged scenario of the dataset further extend the variability in open-access spectral reference libraries that are important in algorithm development with relevance to remote sensing use cases.
Oriane Bruyère, Romain Le Gendre, Mathilde Chauveau, Bertrand Bourgeois, David Varillon, John Butscher, Thomas Trophime, Yann Follin, Jérôme Aucan, Vetea Liao, and Serge Andréfouët
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 5553–5573, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-5553-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-5553-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
During 2018–2022, four pearl farming Tuamotu atolls (French Polynesia) were studied with oceanographic instruments to measure lagoon hydrodynamics and ocean-lagoon water exchanges. The goal was to gain knowledge on the processes influencing the spat collection of the pearl oyster Pinctada margaritifera, the species used to produce black pearls. A worldwide unique oceanographic atoll data set is provided to address local pearl farming questions and other fundamental and applied investigations.
Edwin Rainville, Jim Thomson, Melissa Moulton, and Morteza Derakhti
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 5135–5151, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-5135-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-5135-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Measuring ocean waves nearshore is essential for understanding how the waves impact our coastlines. We designed and deployed many small wave buoys in the nearshore ocean over 27 d in Duck, North Carolina, USA, in 2021. The wave buoys measure their motion as they drift. In this paper, we describe multiple levels of data processing. We explain how this dataset can be used in future studies to investigate nearshore wave kinematics, transport of buoyant particles, and wave-breaking processes.
Alberto Ribotti, Antonio Bussani, Milena Menna, Andrea Satta, Roberto Sorgente, Andrea Cucco, and Riccardo Gerin
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 4651–4659, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-4651-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-4651-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Over 100 experiments were realized between 1998 and 2022 in the Mediterranean Sea using surface coastal and offshore Lagrangian drifters. Raw data were initially unified and pre-processed. Then, the integrity of the received data packages was checked and incomplete ones were discarded. Deployment information was retrieved and integrated into the PostgreSQL database. Data were interpolated at defined time intervals, providing a dataset of 158 trajectories, available in different formats.
Ole Baltazar Andersen, Stine Kildegaard Rose, Adili Abulaitijiang, Shengjun Zhang, and Sara Fleury
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 4065–4075, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-4065-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-4065-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The mean sea surface (MSS) is an important reference for mapping sea-level changes across the global oceans. It is widely used by space agencies in the definition of sea-level anomalies as mapped by satellite altimetry from space. Here a new fully global high-resolution mean sea surface called DTU21MSS is presented, and a suite of evaluations are performed to demonstrate its performance.
Cited articles
Ablain, M. and Legeais, J.-F.: Detailed Processing Model for Sea-Level CCI system, Ref. CLS-DOS-NT-13-248, nomenclature SLCCI-DPM-33, Issue 1.1, available at: http://www.esa-sealevel-cci.org/webfm_send/239 (last access: 10 August 2017), 2014.
Ablain, M., Cazenave, A., Larnicol, G., Balmaseda, M., Cipollini, P., Faugère, Y., Fernandes, M. J., Henry, O., Johannessen, J. A., Knudsen, P., Andersen, O., Legeais, J., Meyssignac, B., Picot, N., Roca, M., Rudenko, S., Scharffenberg, M. G., Stammer, D., Timms, G., and Benveniste, J.: Improved sea level record over the satellite altimetry era (1993–2010) from the Climate Change Initiative project, Ocean Sci., 11, 67–82, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-11-67-2015, 2015.
Ablain, M., Zawadzki, L., and Legeais, J.-F.: ATBD v3.3: SL_cci Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document, Ref. CLS-SLCCI-16-0008, Nomenclature SLCCI-ATBDv1-016, Issue 3.3, available at: http://www.esa-sealevel-cci.org/webfm_send/538 (last access: 10 August 2017), 2016.
Ablain, M., Legeais, J.-F., Prandi, P., Marcos, M., Fenoglio-Marc, L., Dieng, H.-B., Benveniste, J., and Cazenave, A.: Satellite altimetry-based sea level at global and regional scales, Surv Geophys., 38, 7–31, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10712-016-9389-8, 2017.
Altamimi, Z., Collilieux, X., and Metivier, L.: ITRF2008: An improved solution of the International Terrestrial Reference Frame, J. Geodesy, 85, 457–473, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-011-0444-4, 2011.
Andersen, O. B., Woodworth, P. L., and Flather, R. A.: Intercomparison of recent ocean tide models, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 25261–25282, https://doi.org/10.1029/95JC02642, 1995.
Andersen, O. B., Knudsen, P., and Stenseng, L.: The DTU13 MSS (mean sea surface) and MDT (mean dynamic topography) from 20 years of satellite altimetry, International Association of Geodesy Symposia, Springer, 111–121, https://doi.org/10.1007/1345_2015_182, 2015.
ASM: Sl_cci phase 2 Algorithm Selection Meeting. Tides Selection, Toulouse, 26 November 2015, available at: http://www.esa-sealevel-cci.org/webfm_send/389 (last access: 10 August 2017), 2015a.
ASM: Sl_cci phase 2 Algorithm Selection Meeting. Atmospheric Corrections Selection, Toulouse, 26 November 2015, available at: http://www.esa-sealevel-cci.org/webfm_send/384 (last access: 10 August 2017), 2015b.
ASM: Sl_cci phase 2 Algorithm Selection Meeting. Selection of new Orbit Solutions, Toulouse, 26 November 2015, available at: http://www.esa-sealevel-cci.org/webfm_send/382 (last access: 10 August 2017), 2015c.
ASM: Sl_cci phase 2 Algorithm Selection Meeting. Wet Troposphere correction Selection, Toulouse, 26 November 2015, available at: http://www.esa-sealevel-cci.org/webfm_send/385 (last access: 10 August 2017), 2015d.
ASM: Sl_cci phase 2 Algorithm Selection Meeting. MSS Model Selection, Toulouse, 26 November 2015, available at: http://www.esa-sealevel-cci.org/webfm_send/390 (last access: 10 August 2017), 2015e.
Brockley, D., Baker, S., Féménias, P., Martinez, B., Massmann, F.-H., Otten, M., Paul, F., Picard, B., Prandi, P., Roca, M., Rudenko, S., Scharroo, R., and Visser, P.: REAPER: Reprocessing 12 years of ERS-1 and ERS-2 altimeter and microwave radiometer data, IEEE T. Geosci. Remote. Sens., https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2017.2709343, in press, 2017.
Brown, G.: The average impulse response of a rough surface and its applications, IEEE T. Antennas Propag., 25, 67–74, https://doi.org/10.1109/JOE.1977.1145328, 1977.
Carrère, L. and Lyard, F.: Modeling the barotropic response of the global ocean to atmospheric wind and pressure forcing – comparisons with observations, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30, 1275, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002GL016473, 2003.
Carrère, L., Lyard, F., Cancet, M., Guillot, A., and Roblou, L.: FES2012: A new global tidal model taking advantage of nearly twenty years of altimetry, Proceedings of the 20 Years of Progress in Radar Altimetry Symposium (Venice, Italy), 1–20, 2012.
Carrère, L., Faugère, Y., and Ablain, M.: Major improvement of altimetry sea level estimations using pressure-derived corrections based on ERA-Interim atmospheric reanalysis, Ocean Sci., 12, 825–842, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-12-825-2016, 2016.
Cartwright, D. E. and Edden, A. C.: Corrected tables of tidal harmonics, Geophys. J. Internat., 33, 253–264, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.1973.tb03420.x, 1973.
Cartwright, D. E. and Tayler, R. J.: New computations of the tide-generating potential, Geophys. J. Internat., 23, 45–73, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.1971.tb01803.x, 1971.
Chambers, D. P., Hayes, S. A., Ries, J. C., and Urban, T. J.: New TOPEX sea state bias models and their effect on global mean sea level, J. Geophys. Res., 108, 3305, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003JC001839, 2003.
Chelton, D. B., Walsh, E. J., and MacArthur, J. L.: Pulse compression and sea level tracking in satellite altimetry, J. Atmos. Ocean. Tech., 6, 407–438, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0426(1989)006<0407:PCASLT>2.0.CO;2, 1989.
Chen, X., Zhang, X., Church, J. A., Watson, C. S., King, M. A., Monselesan, D., Legresy, B., and Harig, C.: The increasing rate of global mean sea-level rise during 1993–2014, Nat. Clim. Change, 7, 492–495, https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate3325, 2017.
Cipollini, P., Calafat, F. M., Jevrejeva, S., Melet, A., and Prandi, P.: Monitoring sea level in the coastal zone with satellite altimetry and tide gauges, Surv. Geophys., 38, 35–59, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10712-016-9392-0, 2017.
Couhert, A., Cerri, L., Legeais, J. F., Ablain, M., Zelensky, N. P., Haines, B. J., Lemoine, F. G., Bertiger, W. I., Desai, S. D., and Otten, M.: Towards the 1 mm/y stability of the radial orbit error at regional scales, Adv. Space Res., 55, 2–23, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2014.06.041, 2015.
Desai, S., Wahr, J., and Beckley, B.: Revisiting the pole tide for and from satellite altimetry, J. Geodesy, 89, 1233–1243, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-015-0848-7, 2015.
Dieng, H. B., Cazenave, A., Meyssignac, B., and Ablain, M.: New estimate of the current rate of sea level rise from a sea level budget approach, Geophys. Res. Lett., 44, 3744–3751, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GL073308, 2017.
Dumont, J. P., Rosmorduc, V., Carrère, L., Picot, N., Bronner, E., Couhert, A., Desai, S., Bonekamp, H., Scharroo, R., and Leuliette, E.: OSTM/Jason-2 Products Handbook, rev. 11, available at: https://www.aviso.altimetry.fr/fileadmin/documents/data/tools/hdbk_j2.pdf (last access: 10 August 2017), 2017.
Escudier, P., Ablain, M., Amarouche, L., Carrère, L., Couhert, A., Dibarboure, G., Dorandeu, J., Dubois, P., Mallet, A., Mercier, F., Picard, B., Richard, J., Steunou, N., Thibaut, P., Rio, M.-H., and Tran, N.: Satellite radar altimetry: principle, accuracy & precision, in: Satellite Altimetry Over Oceans and Land Surfaces, edited by: Stammer, D. and Cazenave, A., CRC Press, in press, 2017.
Faugere, Y., Rio, M.-H., Labroue, S., Rosmorduc, V,. Thibaut, P., Amarouche, L., Obligis, E., Ablain, M., Legeais, J.-F., Carrere, L., Schaeffer, P., Tran, N., Pujol, I., Dufau, C., Dibarboure, G., Lux, M., Bronner, E., and Picot, N.: The SLOOP project: Preparing the next generation of altimetry products for open ocean, OSTST meeting 2010, Lisbon, Portugal, available at: http://www.aviso.altimetry.fr/fileadmin/documents/OSTST/2010/Faugere_SLOOP.pdf (last access: 10 August 2017), 2010.
Fernandes, M. J., Lázaro, C., Ablain, M., and Pires, N.: Improved wet path delays for all ESA and reference altimetric missions, Remote Sens. Environ., 169, 50–74, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2015.07.023, 2015.
Fernandes, M. J. and Lázaro, C.: GPD+ wet tropospheric corrections for CryoSat-2 and GFO altimetry missions, Remote Sens., 8, 851, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs8100851, 2016.
Fu, L.-L. and Cazenave, A. (Eds.): Satellite altimetry and Earth sciences: A handbook of techniques and applications, Academic Press, San Diego, 463 pp., 2001.
Fu, L.-L. and Pihos, G.: Determining the response of sea level to atmospheric pressure using TOPEX/POSEIDON data, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 24633–24642, https://doi.org/10.1029/94JC01647, 1994.
García, P. and Roca, M.: On-board PTR processing analysis: MSL drift differences, Technical Note, ISARD_ESA_L1B_ESL_CCN_PRO_064, isardSAT under ESA Contract (RA-2 L1b ESL), 2010.
Gaspar, P., Ogor, F., and Escoubes, C.: Nouvelles calibration et analyse du biais d'etat de mer des altimètres TOPEX et POSEIDON, Technical note 96/018 of CNES Contract 95/1523, 1996.
Gaspar, P. and Ogor, F.: Estimation and analysis of the sea state bias of the ERS-1 altimeter, Rapport technique, Report of task B1-B2 of IFREMER Contract no. 94/2.426 016/C.84, 1994.
GCOS: Systematic observation requirements for satellite-based data products for climate (2011 update) – supplemental details to the satellite-based component of the “Implementation plan for the global observing system for climate in support of the UNFCCC (2010 update)”, GCOS-154 (WMO), available at: https://library.wmo.int/opac/doc_num.php?explnum_id=3710 (last access: 10 August 2017), 2011.
Gómez-Enrí, J., Vignudelli, S., Quartly, G. D., Gommenginger, C. P., Cipollini, P., Challenor, P. G., and Benveniste, J.: Modeling Envisat RA-2 waveforms in the coastal zone: Case-study of calm water contamination, IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett., 7, 474–478, https://doi.org/10.1109/LGRS.2009.2039193, 2010.
Halimi, A., Mailhes, C., Tourneret, J.-Y., Thibaut, P., and Boy, F.: Parameter estimation for peaky altimetric waveforms, IEEE T. Geosci. Remote Sens., 51, 1568–1577, https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2012.2205697, 2013.
Hasselmann, K.: Multi-pattern fingerprint method for detection and attribution of climate change, Clim Dynam., 13, 601–611, https://doi.org/10.1007/s003820050185, 1997.
Hayne, G. S.: Radar altimeter mean return waveforms from near-normal-incidence ocean surface scattering, IEEE T. Antennas Propag., 28, 687–692, https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.1980.1142398, 1980.
Hayne, G. S., Hancock, D. W., Purdy, C. L., and Callahan, P. S.: The corrections for significant wave height and attitude effects in the TOPEX radar altimeter, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 24941–24955, https://doi.org/10.1029/94JC01777, 1994.
Iijima, B. A., Harris, I. L., Ho, C. M., Lindqwister, U. J., Mannucci, A. J., Pi, X., Reyes, M. J., Sparks, L. C., and Wilson, B. D.: Automated daily process for global ionospheric total electron content maps and satellite ocean altimeter ionospheric calibration based on Global Positioning System data, J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys., 61, 1205–1218, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1364-6826(99)00067-X, 1999.
Legeais, J.-F., Prandi, P., and Guinehut, S.: Analyses of altimetry errors using Argo and GRACE data, Ocean Sci., 12, 647–662, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-12-647-2016, 2016a.
Legeais, J.-F., et al.: Sea Level CCI Phase 2. Time series of gridded Sea Level Anomalies (SLA), https://doi.org/10.5270/esa-sea_level_cci-1993_2015-v_2.0-201612, 2016b.
Legeais, J.-F., Cazenave, A., Ablain, M., Zawadzki, L., Zuo, H., Johannessen, J. A., Scharffenberg, M. G., Fenoglio-Marc, L., Fernandes, M. J., Andersen, O., Rudenko, S., Cipollini, P., Quartly, G., Passaro, M., and Benveniste, J.: An accurate and homogeneous altimeter sea level record: The reprocessed ESA Essential Climate Variable, Nature Scientific Data, in preparation, 2017.
Lemoine, F. G., Zelensky, N. P., Chinn, D. S., Beckley, B. D., and Lillibridge, J. L.: Towards the GEOSAT Follow-On precise orbit determination goals of high accuracy and near-real-time processing, AIAA/AAS Astrodynamics Specialist Conference and Exhibit, 21–24 August 2006, Keystone, Colorado, available at: https://arc.aiaa.org/doi/pdfplus/10.2514/6.2006-6402 (last access: 10 August 2017), 2006.
Lemoine, F. G., Zelensky, N. P., Chinn, D. S., Beckley, B. D., Rowlands, D. D., and Pavlis, D. E.: A new time series of orbits (std1504) for TOPEX/Poseidon. Jason-1, and Jason-2 (OSTM), Ocean Surface Topography Science Team Meeting, Reston, available at: http://meetings.aviso.altimetry.fr/fileadmin/user_upload/tx_ausyclsseminar/files/OSTST2015/POD-02-Lemoine.pdf_01.pdf, last access: 18 May 2017.
Le Traon, P.-Y. and Ogor, F.: ERS-1/2 orbit improvement using TOPEX/POSEIDON: The 2 cm challenge, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 8045–8057, https://doi.org/10.1029/97JC01917, 1998.
Lyard, F., Carrère, L., Cancet, M., Guillot, A., and Picot, N.: FES2014, a new finite elements tidal model for global ocean, Ocean Dynam., in preparation, 2017.
Mertz, F., Mercier, F., Labroue, S., Tran, N., and Dorandeu, J.: ERS-2 OPR data quality assessment; Long-term monitoring – particular investigation, CLS.DOS.NT-06.001, available at: http://www.aviso.altimetry.fr/ fileadmin/documents/calval/validation_report/E2/annual_report_e2_2005.pdf (last access: 10 August 2017), 2005.
Ollivier, A., Faugere, Y., Picot, N., Ablain, M., Féménias, P., and Benveniste, J.: Envisat ocean altimeter becoming relevant for mean sea level trend studies, Mar. Geodesy, 35, 118–136, https://doi.org/10.1080/01490419.2012.721632, 2012.
Pavlis, E. C.: SLRF2008: The ILRS reference frame for SLR POD contributed to ITRF2008, Ocean Surface Topography Science Team 2009, Seattle, Washington, available at: http://www.aviso.oceanobs.com/fileadmin/documents/OSTST/2009/poster/Pavlis_2.pdf (last access: 10 August 2017), 2009.
Passaro, M., Cipollini, P., Vignudelli, S., Quartly, G. D., and Snaith, H. M.: ALES: A multi-mission adaptive subwaveform retracker for coastal and open ocean altimetry, Remote Sens. Environ., 145, 173–189, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2014.02.008, 2014.
Poisson, J.-C., Quartly, G. D., Kurekin, A., Thibaut, P., Hoang, D., and Nencioli, F.: Development of an ENVISAT altimetry processor ensuring sea level continuity between open ocean and Arctic leads, IEEE T. Geosci. Remote Sens., submitted, 2017.
Pujol I.: WP2500 mapping methods. CLS-DOS-NT-11-229, SALP-NT-MA-EA-22007-CLS, Issue 1.1, SL_cci validation report, available at: www.esa-sealevel-cci.org/webfm_send/184 (last access: 10 August 2017), 2012.
Pujol, M.-I., Faugère, Y., Taburet, G., Dupuy, S., Pelloquin, C., Ablain, M., and Picot, N.: DUACS DT2014: the new multi-mission altimeter data set reprocessed over 20 years, Ocean Sci., 12, 1067–1090, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-12-1067-2016, 2016.
Quartly, G. D.: Monitoring and cross-calibration of altimeter σ0 through dual-frequency backscatter measurements, J. Atmos. Ocean. Tech., 17, 1252–1258, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0426(2000)017<1252:MACCOA>2.0.CO;2, 2000.
Quartly, G. D., Srokosz, M. A., and McMillan, A. C.: Analyzing altimeter artifacts: Statistical properties of ocean waveforms, J. Atmos. Ocean. Tech., 18, 2074–2091, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0426(2001)018<2074:AAASPO>2.0.CO;2, 2001.
Queffeulou, P.: Long-term variation of wave height measurements from altimeters, Mar. Geodesy, 27, 495–510, https://doi.org/10.1080/01490410490883478, 2004.
Ray, R. D.: Precise comparisons of bottom-pressure and altimetric ocean tides, J. Geophys. Res., 118, 4570–4584, https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrc.20336, 2013.
Rebischung, P., Griffiths, J., Ray, J., Schmid, R. Collilieux, X., and Garayt, B.: IGS08: the IGS realization of ITRF2008, GPS Solut., 16, 483, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10291-011-0248-2, 2012.
Rudenko, S., Otten, M., Visser, P., Scharroo, R., Schöne, T., and Esselborn, S.: New improved orbit solutions for the ERS-1 and ERS-2 satellites, Adv. Space Res., 49, 1229–1244, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2012.01.021, 2012.
Rudenko, S., Dettmering, D., Esselborn, S., Schöne, T., Förste, Ch., Lemoine, J.-M., Ablain, M., Alexandre, D., and Neumayer, K.-H.: Influence of time variable geopotential models on precise orbits of altimetry satellites, global and regional mean sea level trends, Adv. Space Res., 54, 92–118, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2014.03.010, 2014.
Rudenko, S., Dettmering, D., Esselborn, S., Fagiolini, E., and Schöne, T.: Impact of atmospheric and oceanic de-aliasing Level-1B (AOD1B) products on precise orbits of altimetry satellites and altimetry results, Geophys. J. Int., 204, 1695–1702, https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggv545, 2016.
Rudenko, S., Neumayer, K.-H., Dettmering, D., Esselborn, S., Schöne, T., and Raimondo, J.-C.: Improvements in precise orbits of altimetry satellites and their impact on mean sea level monitoring, IEEE T. Geosci. Remote Sens., 55, 3382–3395, https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2017.2670061, 2017.
Scharroo, R. and Smith, W. H. F.: A global positioning system–based climatology for the total electron content in the ionosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 115, A10318, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JA014719, 2010.
Stammer, D., Ray, R. D., Andersen, O. B., Arbic, B. K., Bosch, W., Carrère, L., Cheng, Y., Chinn, D. S., Dushaw, B. D., Egbert, G. D., Erofeeva, S. Y., Fok, H. S., Green, J. A. M., Griffiths, S., King, M. A., Lapin, V., Lemoine, F. G., Luthcke, S. B., Lyard, F., Morison, J., Muller, M., Padman, L., Richman, J. G., Shriver, J. F., Shum, C. K., Taguchi, E., and Yi, Y.: Accuracy assessment of global barotropic ocean tide models, Rev. Geophys., 52, 243–282, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014RG000450, 2014.
Tapley, B., Bettadpur, S., Watkins, M., and Reigber, C.: The gravity recovery and climate experiment: Mission overview and early results, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L09607, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004GL019920, 2004.
Tran, N.: Envisat Phase-F: Sea State Bias, Technical Report CLS-DOS-NT-15-031, ESA Contract, ENVISAT RA-2 and MWR ESL and prototypes maintenance support (level 1b and level 2), 2015.
Tran, N., Labroue, S., Philipps, S., Bronner, E., and Picot, N.: Overview and update of the sea state bias corrections for the Jason-2, Jason-1 and TOPEX Missions, Mar. Geodesy, 33, 348–362, https://doi.org/10.1080/01490419.2010.487788, 2010.
Tran, N., Philipps, S., Poisson, J.-C., Urien, S., Bronner, E., and Picot, N.: Impact of GDR-D standards on SSB corrections, Aviso, OSTST, available at: http://www.aviso.altimetry.fr/fileadmin/documents/OSTST/2012/oral/02_friday_28/01_instr_processing_I/01_IP1_Tran.pdf (last access: 10 August 2017), 2012.
Watson, C. S., White, N. J., Church, J. A., King, M. A., Burgette, R. J., and Legresy, B.: Unabated global mean sea-level rise over the satellite altimeter era, Nat. Clim. Change, 5, 565–568, https://doi.org/10.1038/NCLIMATE2635, 2015.
Willis, P., Zelensky, N. P., Ries, J., Soudarin, L., Cerri, L., Moreaux, G., Lemoine, F. G., Otten, M., Argus, D. F., and Heflin, M. B.: DPOD2008, a DORIS-oriented terrestrial reference frame for precise orbit determination, IAG Symposia series, 143, 175–181, https://doi.org/10.1007/1345_2015_125, 2016.
Zawadzki, L., Ablain, M., Carrère, L., Ray, R. D., Zelensky, N. P., Lyard, F., Guillot, A., and Picot, N.: Reduction of the 59-day error signal in the Mean Sea Level derived from TOPEX/Poseidon, Jason-1 and Jason-2 data with the latest FES and GOT ocean tide models, IEEE T. Geosci. Remote Sens., submitted, 2017.
Short summary
We have produced an improved monthly record of mean sea level for 1993–2015. It is developed by careful processing of the records from nine satellite altimeter missions, making use of the best available orbits, instrumental corrections and geophysical corrections. This paper details the selection process and the processing method. The data are suitable for investigation of sea level changes at scales from seasonal to long-term sea level rise, including interannual variations due to El Niño.
We have produced an improved monthly record of mean sea level for 1993–2015. It is developed by...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint