Articles | Volume 18, issue 7
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-18-5303-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-18-5303-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Data description article
| 
22 Jul 2026
Data description article |
| 22 Jul 2026
| 22 Jul 2026
Decadal ocean observations in the Northwestern Mediterranean: insights from the MOOSE-GE cruises
Laurent Coppola
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Sorbonne Université, CNRS, OSU STAMAR, UAR2017, 4 place Jussieu, 75252 Paris CEDEX 05, France
Anthony Bosse
Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, Toulon Université, MIO, Marseille, France
Thibaut Wagener
Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, Toulon Université, MIO, Marseille, France
Dominique Lefevre
Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, Toulon Université, MIO, Marseille, France
Magali Lescot
Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, Toulon Université, MIO, Marseille, France
François Carlotti
Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, Toulon Université, MIO, Marseille, France
deceased, François Carlotti on 3 January 2026 and Pascal Conan on 5 August 2025
Fabien Lombard
Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), 06230 Villefranche-sur-Mer, France
Lionel Guidi
Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), 06230 Villefranche-sur-Mer, France
Fabrice Not
Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Station Biologique de Roscoff, AD2M, 29680 Roscoff, France
Xavier Durrieu de Madron
Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, CNRS, CEFREM, Perpignan, France
Pascal Conan
Sorbonne Université, CNRS, OSU STAMAR, UAR2017, 4 place Jussieu, 75252 Paris CEDEX 05, France
deceased, François Carlotti on 3 January 2026 and Pascal Conan on 5 August 2025
Mireille Pujo-Pay
Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Océanographie Microbienne (LOMIC), Observatoire Océanologique de Banyuls-sur-Mer, 66650 Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
Caroline Ulses
Université de Toulouse, CNES, CNRS, IRD, LEGOS, Toulouse, France
Samuel Somot
Météo-France, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRM, Toulouse, France
Claude Estournel
Université de Toulouse, CNES, CNRS, IRD, LEGOS, Toulouse, France
Emilie Diamond Riquier
Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Station Biologique de Roscoff, AD2M, 29680 Roscoff, France
Céline Laus
Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Station Biologique de Roscoff, AD2M, 29680 Roscoff, France
Nathalie Leblond
Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut de la Mer de Villefranche (IMEV), 06230 Villefranche-sur-Mer, France
Matthieu Labaste
Sorbonne Université, CNRS, IRD, MNHN, LOCEAN, 75005 Paris, France
Patrice Bretel
Sorbonne Université, CNRS, IRD, MNHN, LOCEAN, 75005 Paris, France
Melek Golbol
Sorbonne Université, CNRS, IRD, MNHN, LOCEAN, 75005 Paris, France
Stephane Kunesch
Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, CNRS, CEFREM, Perpignan, France
Jennifer Sola
Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, CNRS, CEFREM, Perpignan, France
Laure Chirurgien
Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, Toulon Université, MIO, Marseille, France
Sandra Nunige
Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, Toulon Université, MIO, Marseille, France
Sarah Romac
Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Station Biologique de Roscoff, AD2M, 29680 Roscoff, France
Pierre Testor
Sorbonne Université, CNRS, IRD, MNHN, LOCEAN, 75005 Paris, France
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Biogeosciences, 23, 363–385, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-23-363-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-23-363-2026, 2026
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Gaëlle Capitaine, Samir Alliouane, Thierry Cariou, Jonathan Fin, Paola Fisicaro, and Thibaut Wagener
Ocean Sci., 22, 75–99, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-22-75-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-22-75-2026, 2026
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Measuring total alkalinity in seawater is essential for understanding and monitoring the ocean carbonate system. To improve the reliability of these measurements, we developed reference materials and tested them in an inter-laboratory comparison. We also thoroughly quantified, for the first time, the uncertainty of the standard measurement method. These results, as well as the key metrological tools developed, support more accurate long-term monitoring of the ocean carbonate system.
Marta Arjona-Camas, Xavier Durrieu de Madron, François Bourrin, Helena Fos, Anna Sanchez-Vidal, and David Amblas
Ocean Sci., 21, 3195–3219, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-21-3195-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-21-3195-2025, 2025
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This study examines dense shelf water and sediment transport in the Cap de Creus Canyon during the mild winter of 2021–2022, using multiplatform-observational data and the MedSea Reanalysis product. Results show dense shelf waters on the shelf and upper canyon, contributing to Western Intermediate Water. Dense shelf water transport exhibit marked interannual variability, even under mild winters. MDSWC (mild dense shelf water cascading) events are expected to increase with climate change, favoring intermediate-water formation.
Maxime Arnaud, Anne Petrenko, Jean-Luc Fuda, Caroline Comby, Anthony Bosse, Yann Ourmières, and Stéphanie Barrillon
Ocean Sci., 21, 2829–2847, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-21-2829-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-21-2829-2025, 2025
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Measuring oceanic vertical velocities accurately is a challenge in today’s physical oceanography. Our work shows intense wind-induced coastal events involving upward or downward water movements that have been detected using an acoustic current profiler. These data has also been validated with other in situ and satellite observations. A brand new method to identify and filter out biology-induced velocities is also presented, giving an interdisciplinary point of view of such coastal processes.
Amine M'hamdi, Ariane Koch-Larrouy, Alex Costa da Silva, Isabelle Dadou, Carina Regina de Macedo, Anthony Bosse, Vincent Vantrepotte, Habib Micaël Aguedjou, Trung-Kien Tran, Pierre Testor, Laurent Mortier, Arnaud Bertrand, Pedro Augusto Mendes de Castro Melo, James Lee, Marcelo Rollnic, and Moacyr Araujo
Ocean Sci., 21, 2873–2894, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-21-2873-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-21-2873-2025, 2025
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In the ocean off the Amazon shelf, internal waves caused by tides move water layers up and down and mix them. Using an underwater glider and satellites, we found internal tides redistribute chlorophyll from the deep chlorophyll maximum upward to the surface and downward to depth. Turbulent chlorophyll fluxes supply about 38 % of surface chlorophyll, and total chlorophyll increases by 14–29 % during strong tides, potentially affecting the marine food web.
Gillian M. Damerell, Anthony Bosse, and Ilker Fer
Ocean Sci., 21, 2763–2785, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-21-2763-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-21-2763-2025, 2025
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The Lofoten Vortex is an unusual feature in the ocean: a permanent eddy which does not dissipate as most eddies do. We have long thought that other eddies must merge into the vortex in order to maintain its heat content and energetics, but such mergers are very difficult to observe due to their transient, unpredictable nature. For the first time, we have observed a merger using an ocean glider and high-resolution satellite data and can document how the merger affects the properties of the vortex.
Xavier Durrieu de Madron, Paul Blin, Mireille Pujo-Pay, Vincent Taillandier, and Pascal Conan
Ocean Sci., 21, 2705–2726, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-21-2705-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-21-2705-2025, 2025
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This study investigated the effects of salt fingering on particle and solute distribution in the Tyrrhenian Sea. Density interfaces associated with thermohaline staircases slow the settling of suspended particles and promote aggregation. This affects the particle size distribution and creates nutrient and oxygen gradients, affecting microbial activity and nutrient cycling. The research highlights the potential role of salt fingers in deep ocean biogeochemical processes.
Helena Fos, Jesús Peña-Izquierdo, David Amblas, Marta Arjona-Camas, Laia Romero, Víctor Estella-Pérez, Cristian Florindo-Lopez, Antoni Calafat, Marc Cerdà-Domènech, Pere Puig, Xavier Durrieu de Madron, and Anna Sanchez-Vidal
Ocean Sci., 21, 2169–2178, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-21-2169-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-21-2169-2025, 2025
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Dense shelf water cascading (DSWC) is an oceanographic process where dense shelf water rapidly spills over the shelf edge and cascades into the deep ocean. Using a high-resolution model that incorporates real observations from the water column and sea surface (MedSea Reanalysis), this study compares over 30 years of simulated intense DSWC with actual observations in the NW Mediterranean. We identified all the intense cascading events since 1987, with results closely matching the observations.
Ariadna Celina Nocera, Lars Stemmann, Marcel Babin, Tristan Biard, Julie Coustenoble, François Carlotti, Laurent Coppola, Lucas Courchet, Laetitia Drago, Amanda Elineau, Lionel Guidi, Helena Hauss, Laëtitia Jalabert, Lee Karp-Boss, Rainer Kiko, Manon Laget, Fabien Lombard, Andrew McDonnell, Camille Merland, Solène Motreuil, Thelma Panaïotis, Marc Picheral, Andreas Rogge, Anya Waite, and Jean-Olivier Irisson
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2025-522, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2025-522, 2025
Preprint under review for ESSD
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Plankton and detritus play a key role in ocean health and climate regulation. We present a large global dataset of images and information collected from 2008 to 2018 using specialized underwater camera (UVP). This publicly available dataset will support more accurate ecological models and help train artificial intelligence tools, improving how scientists track ocean biodiversity and monitor environmental changes.
Claude Estournel, Tristan Estaque, Caroline Ulses, Quentin-Boris Barral, and Patrick Marsaleix
Ocean Sci., 21, 1487–1503, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-21-1487-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-21-1487-2025, 2025
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During the summer of 2022 in the eastern Gulf of Lion (NW Mediterranean), exceptionally warm temperatures were observed down to depths of 30 m, along with massive mortality of benthic species. It has been shown that these deep marine heatwaves are linked to southeasterly wind episodes, which induce deep plunges of surface water overheated by the atmospheric heatwave. These events are rare in summer, but their impact on ecosystems is dramatic and will only increase with climate change.
Guillaume Bourdin, Lee Karp-Boss, Fabien Lombard, Gabriel Gorsky, and Emmanuel Boss
Biogeosciences, 22, 3207–3233, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-3207-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-3207-2025, 2025
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Remote islands and atolls create unique oceanic processes that affect the surrounding waters, known as the island mass effect (IME). These processes input nutrients to the ocean surface, leading to an increasing phytoplankton concentration near islands. We combine data from various satellites and modeled currents to better track these changes. This reveals a larger IME impact than previously estimated, suggesting that islands play a more significant role in ocean food chains in subtropical regions.
Zoé Mériguet, Guillaume Bourdin, Nathaniel Kristan, Laetitia Jalabert, Olivier Bun, Marc Picheral, Louis Caray-Counil, Juliette Maury, Maria-Luiza Pedrotti, Amanda Elineau, David A. Paz-Garcia, Lee Karp-Boss, Gaby Gorsky, Fabien Lombard, and the Tara Pacific Consortium Coordinators team
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 17, 2761–2792, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-2761-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-2761-2025, 2025
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This study presents imaging datasets from the Tara Pacific expedition, covering multiple plankton sizes and a wide sampling area in Pacific waters. By sampling both open-ocean and island areas, these data can show how plankton size, diversity and abundance change with different environments. We also highlight the usefulness of high-speed plankton sampling when it is not possible to slow the boat during sailing as well as the value of this technique with respect to extending the sampling coverage and frequency.
Nicolas Metzl, Jonathan Fin, Claire Lo Monaco, Claude Mignon, Samir Alliouane, Bruno Bombled, Jacqueline Boutin, Yann Bozec, Steeve Comeau, Pascal Conan, Laurent Coppola, Pascale Cuet, Eva Ferreira, Jean-Pierre Gattuso, Frédéric Gazeau, Catherine Goyet, Emilie Grossteffan, Bruno Lansard, Dominique Lefèvre, Nathalie Lefèvre, Coraline Leseurre, Sébastien Petton, Mireille Pujo-Pay, Christophe Rabouille, Gilles Reverdin, Céline Ridame, Peggy Rimmelin-Maury, Jean-François Ternon, Franck Touratier, Aline Tribollet, Thibaut Wagener, and Cathy Wimart-Rousseau
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 17, 1075–1100, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-1075-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-1075-2025, 2025
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This work presents a new synthesis of 67 000 total alkalinity and total dissolved inorganic carbon observations obtained between 1993 and 2023 in the global ocean, coastal zones, and the Mediterranean Sea. We describe the data assemblage and associated quality control and discuss some potential uses of this dataset. The dataset is provided in a single format and includes the quality flag for each sample.
Riccardo Martellucci, Michele Giani, Elena Mauri, Laurent Coppola, Melf Paulsen, Marine Fourrier, Sara Pensieri, Vanessa Cardin, Carlotta Dentico, Roberto Bozzano, Carolina Cantoni, Anna Lucchetta, Alfredo Izquierdo, Miguel Bruno, and Ingunn Skjelvan
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 5333–5356, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-5333-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-5333-2024, 2024
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As part of the ATL2MED demonstration experiment, two autonomous surface vehicles undertook a 9-month mission from the northeastern Atlantic to the Adriatic Sea. Biofouling affected the measurement of variables such as conductivity and dissolved oxygen. COVID-19 limited the availability of discrete samples for validation. We present correction methods for salinity and dissolved oxygen. We use model products to correct salinity and apply the Argo floats in-air correction method for oxygen
Colin G. Jones, Fanny Adloff, Ben B. B. Booth, Peter M. Cox, Veronika Eyring, Pierre Friedlingstein, Katja Frieler, Helene T. Hewitt, Hazel A. Jeffery, Sylvie Joussaume, Torben Koenigk, Bryan N. Lawrence, Eleanor O'Rourke, Malcolm J. Roberts, Benjamin M. Sanderson, Roland Séférian, Samuel Somot, Pier Luigi Vidale, Detlef van Vuuren, Mario Acosta, Mats Bentsen, Raffaele Bernardello, Richard Betts, Ed Blockley, Julien Boé, Tom Bracegirdle, Pascale Braconnot, Victor Brovkin, Carlo Buontempo, Francisco Doblas-Reyes, Markus Donat, Italo Epicoco, Pete Falloon, Sandro Fiore, Thomas Frölicher, Neven S. Fučkar, Matthew J. Gidden, Helge F. Goessling, Rune Grand Graversen, Silvio Gualdi, José M. Gutiérrez, Tatiana Ilyina, Daniela Jacob, Chris D. Jones, Martin Juckes, Elizabeth Kendon, Erik Kjellström, Reto Knutti, Jason Lowe, Matthew Mizielinski, Paola Nassisi, Michael Obersteiner, Pierre Regnier, Romain Roehrig, David Salas y Mélia, Carl-Friedrich Schleussner, Michael Schulz, Enrico Scoccimarro, Laurent Terray, Hannes Thiemann, Richard A. Wood, Shuting Yang, and Sönke Zaehle
Earth Syst. Dynam., 15, 1319–1351, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-15-1319-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-15-1319-2024, 2024
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We propose a number of priority areas for the international climate research community to address over the coming decade. Advances in these areas will both increase our understanding of past and future Earth system change, including the societal and environmental impacts of this change, and deliver significantly improved scientific support to international climate policy, such as future IPCC assessments and the UNFCCC Global Stocktake.
Lucille Barré, Frédéric Diaz, Thibaut Wagener, Camille Mazoyer, Christophe Yohia, and Christel Pinazo
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 5851–5882, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-5851-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-5851-2024, 2024
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The carbonate system is typically studied using measurements, but modeling can contribute valuable insights. Using a biogeochemical model, we propose a new representation of total alkalinity, dissolved inorganic carbon, pCO2, and pH in a highly dynamic Mediterranean coastal area, the Bay of Marseille, a useful addition to measurements. Through a detailed analysis of pCO2 and air–sea CO2 fluxes, we show that variations are strongly impacted by the hydrodynamic processes that affect the bay.
Mathilde Dugenne, Marco Corrales-Ugalde, Jessica Y. Luo, Rainer Kiko, Todd D. O'Brien, Jean-Olivier Irisson, Fabien Lombard, Lars Stemmann, Charles Stock, Clarissa R. Anderson, Marcel Babin, Nagib Bhairy, Sophie Bonnet, Francois Carlotti, Astrid Cornils, E. Taylor Crockford, Patrick Daniel, Corinne Desnos, Laetitia Drago, Amanda Elineau, Alexis Fischer, Nina Grandrémy, Pierre-Luc Grondin, Lionel Guidi, Cecile Guieu, Helena Hauss, Kendra Hayashi, Jenny A. Huggett, Laetitia Jalabert, Lee Karp-Boss, Kasia M. Kenitz, Raphael M. Kudela, Magali Lescot, Claudie Marec, Andrew McDonnell, Zoe Mériguet, Barbara Niehoff, Margaux Noyon, Thelma Panaïotis, Emily Peacock, Marc Picheral, Emilie Riquier, Collin Roesler, Jean-Baptiste Romagnan, Heidi M. Sosik, Gretchen Spencer, Jan Taucher, Chloé Tilliette, and Marion Vilain
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 2971–2999, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-2971-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-2971-2024, 2024
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Plankton and particles influence carbon cycling and energy flow in marine ecosystems. We used three types of novel plankton imaging systems to obtain size measurements from a range of plankton and particle sizes and across all major oceans. Data were compiled and cross-calibrated from many thousands of images, showing seasonal and spatial changes in particle size structure in different ocean basins. These datasets form the first release of the Pelagic Size Structure database (PSSdb).
France Van Wambeke, Pascal Conan, Mireille Pujo-Pay, Vincent Taillandier, Olivier Crispi, Alexandra Pavlidou, Sandra Nunige, Morgane Didry, Christophe Salmeron, and Elvira Pulido-Villena
Biogeosciences, 21, 2621–2640, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2621-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2621-2024, 2024
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Phosphomonoesterase (PME) and phosphodiesterase (PDE) activities over the epipelagic zone are described in the eastern Mediterranean Sea in winter and autumn. The types of concentration kinetics obtained for PDE (saturation at 50 µM, high Km, high turnover times) compared to those of PME (saturation at 1 µM, low Km, low turnover times) are discussed in regard to the possible inequal distribution of PDE and PME in the size continuum of organic material and accessibility to phosphodiesters.
Nico Lange, Björn Fiedler, Marta Álvarez, Alice Benoit-Cattin, Heather Benway, Pier Luigi Buttigieg, Laurent Coppola, Kim Currie, Susana Flecha, Dana S. Gerlach, Makio Honda, I. Emma Huertas, Siv K. Lauvset, Frank Muller-Karger, Arne Körtzinger, Kevin M. O'Brien, Sólveig R. Ólafsdóttir, Fernando C. Pacheco, Digna Rueda-Roa, Ingunn Skjelvan, Masahide Wakita, Angelicque White, and Toste Tanhua
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 1901–1931, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1901-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1901-2024, 2024
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The Synthesis Product for Ocean Time Series (SPOTS) is a novel achievement expanding and complementing the biogeochemical data landscape by providing consistent and high-quality biogeochemical time-series data from 12 ship-based fixed time-series programs. SPOTS covers multiple unique marine environments and time-series ranges, including data from 1983 to 2021. All in all, it facilitates a variety of applications that benefit from the collective value of biogeochemical time-series observations.
Ngoc B. Trinh, Marine Herrmann, Caroline Ulses, Patrick Marsaleix, Thomas Duhaut, Thai To Duy, Claude Estournel, and R. Kipp Shearman
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 1831–1867, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-1831-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-1831-2024, 2024
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A high-resolution model was built to study the South China Sea (SCS) water, heat, and salt budgets. Model performance is demonstrated by comparison with observations and simulations. Important discards are observed if calculating offline, instead of online, lateral inflows and outflows of water, heat, and salt. The SCS mainly receives water from the Luzon Strait and releases it through the Mindoro, Taiwan, and Karimata straits. SCS surface interocean water exchanges are driven by monsoon winds.
Nicolas Metzl, Jonathan Fin, Claire Lo Monaco, Claude Mignon, Samir Alliouane, David Antoine, Guillaume Bourdin, Jacqueline Boutin, Yann Bozec, Pascal Conan, Laurent Coppola, Frédéric Diaz, Eric Douville, Xavier Durrieu de Madron, Jean-Pierre Gattuso, Frédéric Gazeau, Melek Golbol, Bruno Lansard, Dominique Lefèvre, Nathalie Lefèvre, Fabien Lombard, Férial Louanchi, Liliane Merlivat, Léa Olivier, Anne Petrenko, Sébastien Petton, Mireille Pujo-Pay, Christophe Rabouille, Gilles Reverdin, Céline Ridame, Aline Tribollet, Vincenzo Vellucci, Thibaut Wagener, and Cathy Wimart-Rousseau
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 89–120, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-89-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-89-2024, 2024
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This work presents a synthesis of 44 000 total alkalinity and dissolved inorganic carbon observations obtained between 1993 and 2022 in the Global Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea at the surface and in the water column. Seawater samples were measured using the same method and calibrated with international Certified Reference Material. We describe the data assemblage, quality control and some potential uses of this dataset.
Caroline Ulses, Claude Estournel, Patrick Marsaleix, Karline Soetaert, Marine Fourrier, Laurent Coppola, Dominique Lefèvre, Franck Touratier, Catherine Goyet, Véronique Guglielmi, Fayçal Kessouri, Pierre Testor, and Xavier Durrieu de Madron
Biogeosciences, 20, 4683–4710, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4683-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4683-2023, 2023
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Deep convection plays a key role in the circulation, thermodynamics, and biogeochemical cycles in the Mediterranean Sea, considered to be a hotspot of biodiversity and climate change. In this study, we investigate the seasonal and annual budget of dissolved inorganic carbon in the deep-convection area of the northwestern Mediterranean Sea.
Lucille Barré, Frédéric Diaz, Thibaut Wagener, France Van Wambeke, Camille Mazoyer, Christophe Yohia, and Christel Pinazo
Geosci. Model Dev., 16, 6701–6739, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-6701-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-6701-2023, 2023
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While several studies have shown that mixotrophs play a crucial role in the carbon cycle, the impact of environmental forcings on their dynamics remains poorly investigated. Using a biogeochemical model that considers mixotrophs, we study the impact of light and nutrient concentration on the ecosystem composition in a highly dynamic Mediterranean coastal area: the Bay of Marseille. We show that mixotrophs cope better with oligotrophic conditions compared to strict auto- and heterotrophs.
Joelle Habib, Caroline Ulses, Claude Estournel, Milad Fakhri, Patrick Marsaleix, Mireille Pujo-Pay, Marine Fourrier, Laurent Coppola, Alexandre Mignot, Laurent Mortier, and Pascal Conan
Biogeosciences, 20, 3203–3228, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3203-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3203-2023, 2023
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The Rhodes Gyre, eastern Mediterranean Sea, is the main Levantine Intermediate Water formation site. In this study, we use a 3D physical–biogeochemical model to investigate the seasonal and interannual variability of organic carbon dynamics in the gyre. Our results show its autotrophic nature and its high interannual variability, with enhanced primary production, downward exports, and onward exports to the surrounding regions during years marked by intense heat losses and deep mixed layers.
Anna Denvil-Sommer, Erik T. Buitenhuis, Rainer Kiko, Fabien Lombard, Lionel Guidi, and Corinne Le Quéré
Geosci. Model Dev., 16, 2995–3012, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-2995-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-2995-2023, 2023
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Using outputs of global biogeochemical ocean model and machine learning methods, we demonstrate that it will be possible to identify linkages between surface environmental and ecosystem structure and the export of carbon to depth by sinking organic particles using real observations. It will be possible to use this knowledge to improve both our understanding of ecosystem dynamics and of their functional representation within models.
Thibauld M. Béjard, Andrés S. Rigual-Hernández, José A. Flores, Javier P. Tarruella, Xavier Durrieu de Madron, Isabel Cacho, Neghar Haghipour, Aidan Hunter, and Francisco J. Sierro
Biogeosciences, 20, 1505–1528, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1505-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1505-2023, 2023
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The Mediterranean Sea is undergoing a rapid and unprecedented environmental change. Planktic foraminifera calcification is affected on different timescales. On seasonal and interannual scales, calcification trends differ according to the species and are linked mainly to sea surface temperatures and carbonate system parameters, while comparison with pre/post-industrial assemblages shows that all three species have reduced their calcification between 10 % to 35 % according to the species.
Stéphanie Barrillon, Robin Fuchs, Anne A. Petrenko, Caroline Comby, Anthony Bosse, Christophe Yohia, Jean-Luc Fuda, Nagib Bhairy, Frédéric Cyr, Andrea M. Doglioli, Gérald Grégori, Roxane Tzortzis, Francesco d'Ovidio, and Melilotus Thyssen
Biogeosciences, 20, 141–161, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-141-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-141-2023, 2023
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Extreme weather events can have a major impact on ocean physics and biogeochemistry, but their study is challenging. In May 2019, an intense storm occurred in the north-western Mediterranean Sea, during which in situ multi-platform measurements were performed. The results show a strong impact on the surface phytoplankton, highlighting the need for high-resolution measurements coupling physics and biology during these violent events that may become more common in the context of global change.
Rainer Kiko, Marc Picheral, David Antoine, Marcel Babin, Léo Berline, Tristan Biard, Emmanuel Boss, Peter Brandt, Francois Carlotti, Svenja Christiansen, Laurent Coppola, Leandro de la Cruz, Emilie Diamond-Riquier, Xavier Durrieu de Madron, Amanda Elineau, Gabriel Gorsky, Lionel Guidi, Helena Hauss, Jean-Olivier Irisson, Lee Karp-Boss, Johannes Karstensen, Dong-gyun Kim, Rachel M. Lekanoff, Fabien Lombard, Rubens M. Lopes, Claudie Marec, Andrew M. P. McDonnell, Daniela Niemeyer, Margaux Noyon, Stephanie H. O'Daly, Mark D. Ohman, Jessica L. Pretty, Andreas Rogge, Sarah Searson, Masashi Shibata, Yuji Tanaka, Toste Tanhua, Jan Taucher, Emilia Trudnowska, Jessica S. Turner, Anya Waite, and Lars Stemmann
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 4315–4337, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-4315-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-4315-2022, 2022
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The term
marine particlescomprises detrital aggregates; fecal pellets; bacterioplankton, phytoplankton and zooplankton; and even fish. Here, we present a global dataset that contains 8805 vertical particle size distribution profiles obtained with Underwater Vision Profiler 5 (UVP5) camera systems. These data are valuable to the scientific community, as they can be used to constrain important biogeochemical processes in the ocean, such as the flux of carbon to the deep sea.
Katia Mallil, Pierre Testor, Anthony Bosse, Félix Margirier, Loic Houpert, Hervé Le Goff, Laurent Mortier, and Ferial Louanchi
Ocean Sci., 18, 937–952, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-18-937-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-18-937-2022, 2022
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Our study documents the circulation in the Algerian Basin of the western Mediterranean Sea using in situ data. It shows that the Algerian Gyres have an impact on the distribution at intermediate depth of Levantine Intermediate Water. They allow a westward transport from the south of Sardinia toward the interior of the Algerian Basin. Temperature and salinity trends of this water mass are also investigated, confirming a recent acceleration of the warming and salinification during the last decade.
Léa Olivier, Jacqueline Boutin, Gilles Reverdin, Nathalie Lefèvre, Peter Landschützer, Sabrina Speich, Johannes Karstensen, Matthieu Labaste, Christophe Noisel, Markus Ritschel, Tobias Steinhoff, and Rik Wanninkhof
Biogeosciences, 19, 2969–2988, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2969-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2969-2022, 2022
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We investigate the impact of the interactions between eddies and the Amazon River plume on the CO2 air–sea fluxes to better characterize the ocean carbon sink in winter 2020. The region is a strong CO2 sink, previously underestimated by a factor of 10 due to a lack of data and understanding of the processes responsible for the variability in ocean carbon parameters. The CO2 absorption is mainly driven by freshwater from the Amazon entrained by eddies and by the winter seasonal cooling.
Guillaume Evin, Samuel Somot, and Benoit Hingray
Earth Syst. Dynam., 12, 1543–1569, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-12-1543-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-12-1543-2021, 2021
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This research paper proposes an assessment of mean climate change responses and related uncertainties over Europe for mean seasonal temperature and total seasonal precipitation. An advanced statistical approach is applied to a large ensemble of 87 high-resolution EURO-CORDEX projections. For the first time, we provide a comprehensive estimation of the relative contribution of GCMs and RCMs, RCP scenarios, and internal variability to the total variance of a very large ensemble.
Matthieu Bressac, Thibaut Wagener, Nathalie Leblond, Antonio Tovar-Sánchez, Céline Ridame, Vincent Taillandier, Samuel Albani, Sophie Guasco, Aurélie Dufour, Stéphanie H. M. Jacquet, François Dulac, Karine Desboeufs, and Cécile Guieu
Biogeosciences, 18, 6435–6453, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-6435-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-6435-2021, 2021
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Phytoplankton growth is limited by the availability of iron in about 50 % of the ocean. Atmospheric deposition of desert dust represents a key source of iron. Here, we present direct observations of dust deposition in the Mediterranean Sea. A key finding is that the input of iron from dust primarily occurred in the deep ocean, while previous studies mainly focused on the ocean surface. This new insight will enable us to better represent controls on global marine productivity in models.
Léo Berline, Andrea Michelangelo Doglioli, Anne Petrenko, Stéphanie Barrillon, Boris Espinasse, Frederic A. C. Le Moigne, François Simon-Bot, Melilotus Thyssen, and François Carlotti
Biogeosciences, 18, 6377–6392, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-6377-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-6377-2021, 2021
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While the Ionian Sea is considered a nutrient-depleted and low-phytoplankton biomass area, it is a crossroad for water mass circulation. In the central Ionian Sea, we observed a strong contrast in particle distribution across a ~100 km long transect. Using remote sensing and Lagrangian simulations, we suggest that this contrast finds its origin in the long-distance transport of particles from the north, west and east of the Ionian Sea, where phytoplankton production was more intense.
Elvira Pulido-Villena, Karine Desboeufs, Kahina Djaoudi, France Van Wambeke, Stéphanie Barrillon, Andrea Doglioli, Anne Petrenko, Vincent Taillandier, Franck Fu, Tiphanie Gaillard, Sophie Guasco, Sandra Nunige, Sylvain Triquet, and Cécile Guieu
Biogeosciences, 18, 5871–5889, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-5871-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-5871-2021, 2021
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We report on phosphorus dynamics in the surface layer of the Mediterranean Sea. Highly sensitive phosphate measurements revealed vertical gradients above the phosphacline. The relative contribution of diapycnal fluxes to total external supply of phosphate to the mixed layer decreased towards the east, where atmospheric deposition dominated. Taken together, external sources of phosphate contributed little to total supply, which was mainly sustained by enzymatic hydrolysis of organic phosphorus.
Gaël Many, Caroline Ulses, Claude Estournel, and Patrick Marsaleix
Biogeosciences, 18, 5513–5538, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-5513-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-5513-2021, 2021
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The Gulf of Lion shelf is one of the most productive areas in the Mediterranean. A model is used to study the mechanisms that drive the particulate organic carbon (POC). The model reproduces the annual cycle of primary production well. The shelf appears as an autotrophic ecosystem with a high production and as a source of POC for the adjacent basin. The increase in temperature induced by climate change could impact the trophic status of the shelf.
Frédéric Gazeau, France Van Wambeke, Emilio Marañón, Maria Pérez-Lorenzo, Samir Alliouane, Christian Stolpe, Thierry Blasco, Nathalie Leblond, Birthe Zäncker, Anja Engel, Barbara Marie, Julie Dinasquet, and Cécile Guieu
Biogeosciences, 18, 5423–5446, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-5423-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-5423-2021, 2021
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Our study shows that the impact of dust deposition on primary production depends on the initial composition and metabolic state of the tested community and is constrained by the amount of nutrients added, to sustain both the fast response of heterotrophic prokaryotes and the delayed one of phytoplankton. Under future environmental conditions, heterotrophic metabolism will be more impacted than primary production, therefore reducing the capacity of surface waters to sequester anthropogenic CO2.
Frédéric Gazeau, Céline Ridame, France Van Wambeke, Samir Alliouane, Christian Stolpe, Jean-Olivier Irisson, Sophie Marro, Jean-Michel Grisoni, Guillaume De Liège, Sandra Nunige, Kahina Djaoudi, Elvira Pulido-Villena, Julie Dinasquet, Ingrid Obernosterer, Philippe Catala, and Cécile Guieu
Biogeosciences, 18, 5011–5034, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-5011-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-5011-2021, 2021
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This paper shows that the impacts of Saharan dust deposition in different Mediterranean basins are as strong as those observed in coastal waters but differed substantially between the three tested stations, differences attributed to variable initial metabolic states. A stronger impact of warming and acidification on mineralization suggests a decreased capacity of Mediterranean surface communities to sequester CO2 following the deposition of atmospheric particles in the coming decades.
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Short summary
The Mediterranean Ocean Observing System for the Environment program investigated the fast-changing northwestern Mediterranean through annual cruises from 2010 to 2024. Using consistent surface-to-seafloor measurements, checked against fixed and autonomous platforms, we find intermediate and deep waters warming and getting saltier, oxygen declining and dissolved carbon rising, indicating progressing acidification. These trends can reshape ecosystems and stress the need for sustained monitoring.
The Mediterranean Ocean Observing System for the Environment program investigated the...
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