Articles | Volume 14, issue 9
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-4171-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-4171-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Data description paper
| 
09 Sep 2022
Data description paper |
| 09 Sep 2022
| 09 Sep 2022
Multitemporal glacier inventory revealing four decades of glacier changes in the Ladakh region
School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi,
India
Alagappan Ramanathan
School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi,
India
Anshuman Bhardwaj
School of Geosciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
Millie Coleman
School of Geosciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
School of Natural and Built Environment, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast,
United Kingdom
Brice R. Rea
School of Geosciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
Matteo Spagnolo
School of Geosciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
Shaktiman Singh
School of Geosciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
Lydia Sam
School of Geosciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
Related authors
Arindan Mandal, Thupstan Angchuk, Mohd Farooq Azam, Alagappan Ramanathan, Patrick Wagnon, Mohd Soheb, and Chetan Singh
The Cryosphere, 16, 3775–3799, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-3775-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-3775-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Snow sublimation is an important component of glacier surface mass balance; however, it is seldom studied in detail in the Himalayan region owing to data scarcity. We present an 11-year record of wintertime snow-surface energy balance and sublimation characteristics at the Chhota Shigri Glacier moraine site at 4863 m a.s.l. The estimated winter sublimation is 16 %–42 % of the winter snowfall at the study site, which signifies how sublimation is important in the Himalayan region.
Mohd Farooq Azam, Christian Vincent, Smriti Srivastava, Etienne Berthier, Patrick Wagnon, Himanshu Kaushik, Arif Hussain, Manoj Kumar Munda, Arindan Mandal, and Alagappan Ramanathan
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-644, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-644, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Mass balance series on Chhota Shigri Glacier has been reanalysed by combining the traditional mass balance reanalysis framework and a nonlinear model. The nonlinear model is preferred over traditional glaciological method to compute the mass balances as the former can capture the spatiotemporal variability of point mass balances from a heterogeneous in-situ point mass balance network. The nonlinear model outperforms the traditional method and agrees better with the geodetic estimates.
An Li, Michelle Koutnik, Stephen Brough, Matteo Spagnolo, and Iestyn Barr
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2568, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2568, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
On Earth, glacial cirques are a type of landform eroded by wet-based glaciers, which are glaciers with liquid water at the base of a glacier. While select alcoves have been interpreted as glacial cirques on Mars, we map and assess a large-scale population of ~2000 alcoves as potential cirques in the northern mid-latitudes of Mars. From physical measurements and characteristics, we find 386 cirque-like alcoves. This extends our knowledge of the extent and type of glaciation in the region.
Michael J. Bentley, James A. Smith, Stewart S. R. Jamieson, Margaret R. Lindeman, Brice R. Rea, Angelika Humbert, Timothy P. Lane, Christopher M. Darvill, Jeremy M. Lloyd, Fiamma Straneo, Veit Helm, and David H. Roberts
The Cryosphere, 17, 1821–1837, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-1821-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-1821-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The Northeast Greenland Ice Stream is a major outlet of the Greenland Ice Sheet. Some of its outlet glaciers and ice shelves have been breaking up and retreating, with inflows of warm ocean water identified as the likely reason. Here we report direct measurements of warm ocean water in an unusual lake that is connected to the ocean beneath the ice shelf in front of the 79° N Glacier. This glacier has not yet shown much retreat, but the presence of warm water makes future retreat more likely.
James A. Smith, Louise Callard, Michael J. Bentley, Stewart S. R. Jamieson, Maria Luisa Sánchez-Montes, Timothy P. Lane, Jeremy M. Lloyd, Erin L. McClymont, Christopher M. Darvill, Brice R. Rea, Colm O'Cofaigh, Pauline Gulliver, Werner Ehrmann, Richard S. Jones, and David H. Roberts
The Cryosphere, 17, 1247–1270, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-1247-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-1247-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The Greenland Ice Sheet is melting at an accelerating rate. To understand the significance of these changes we reconstruct the history of one of its fringing ice shelves, known as 79° N ice shelf. We show that the ice shelf disappeared 8500 years ago, following a period of enhanced warming. An important implication of our study is that 79° N ice shelf is susceptible to collapse when atmospheric and ocean temperatures are ~2°C warmer than present, which could occur by the middle of this century.
Sarvagya Vatsal, Anshuman Bhardwaj, Mohd Farooq Azam, Arindan Mandal, Alagappan Ramanathan, Ishmohan Bahuguna, N. Janardhana Raju, and Sangita Singh Tomar
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2022-311, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2022-311, 2022
Manuscript not accepted for further review
Short summary
Short summary
Glaciers in Chandra-Bhaga Basin, western Himalaya, India have huge socio-economic importance as a large population is dependent on these glaciers for drinking and irrigation water purposes. To quantify Spatio-temporal changes in the glaciers of this basin, our study provides three major datasets. These include multidecadal glacier inventory, debris cover, and ice thickness estimates. These datasets will benefit future glacier as well as policy based studies at both local and regional scales.
Arindan Mandal, Thupstan Angchuk, Mohd Farooq Azam, Alagappan Ramanathan, Patrick Wagnon, Mohd Soheb, and Chetan Singh
The Cryosphere, 16, 3775–3799, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-3775-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-3775-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Snow sublimation is an important component of glacier surface mass balance; however, it is seldom studied in detail in the Himalayan region owing to data scarcity. We present an 11-year record of wintertime snow-surface energy balance and sublimation characteristics at the Chhota Shigri Glacier moraine site at 4863 m a.s.l. The estimated winter sublimation is 16 %–42 % of the winter snowfall at the study site, which signifies how sublimation is important in the Himalayan region.
Damon Davies, Robert G. Bingham, Edward C. King, Andrew M. Smith, Alex M. Brisbourne, Matteo Spagnolo, Alastair G. C. Graham, Anna E. Hogg, and David G. Vaughan
The Cryosphere, 12, 1615–1628, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-1615-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-1615-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
This paper investigates the dynamics of ice stream beds using repeat geophysical surveys of the bed of Pine Island Glacier, West Antarctica; 60 km of the bed was surveyed, comprising the most extensive repeat ground-based geophysical surveys of an Antarctic ice stream; 90 % of the surveyed bed shows no significant change despite the glacier increasing in speed by up to 40 % over the last decade. This result suggests that ice stream beds are potentially more stable than previously suggested.
F. Brun, M. Dumont, P. Wagnon, E. Berthier, M. F. Azam, J. M. Shea, P. Sirguey, A. Rabatel, and Al. Ramanathan
The Cryosphere, 9, 341–355, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-9-341-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-9-341-2015, 2015
M. F. Azam, P. Wagnon, C. Vincent, AL. Ramanathan, V. Favier, A. Mandal, and J. G. Pottakkal
The Cryosphere, 8, 2195–2217, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-8-2195-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-8-2195-2014, 2014
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents point-scale surface energy balance on Chhota Shigri Glacier, Western Himalaya, India. Energy is available for melting only in summer-monsoon. Net all-wave radiation is the main heat flux towards the glacier surface accounting for 80% of the total melting energy followed by sensible (13%), latent (5%) turbulent and conductive (2%) heat fluxes. The intensity of summer-monsoon snowfalls is found among the most important drivers controlling the mass balance of this glacier.
J. M. Lea, D. W. F. Mair, F. M. Nick, B. R. Rea, D. van As, M. Morlighem, P. W. Nienow, and A. Weidick
The Cryosphere, 8, 2031–2045, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-8-2031-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-8-2031-2014, 2014
C. Vincent, Al. Ramanathan, P. Wagnon, D. P. Dobhal, A. Linda, E. Berthier, P. Sharma, Y. Arnaud, M. F. Azam, P. G. Jose, and J. Gardelle
The Cryosphere, 7, 569–582, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-7-569-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-7-569-2013, 2013
Related subject area
Domain: ESSD – Ice | Subject: Glaciology
Climate and ablation observations from automatic ablation and weather stations at A. P. Olsen Ice Cap transect, northeast Greenland, for May 2008 through May 2022
Glaciological and meteorological monitoring at Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) sites Mullwitzkees and Venedigerkees, Austria, 2006–2022
A newly digitized ice-penetrating radar data set acquired over the Greenland ice sheet in 1971–1979
Multitemporal characterization of a proglacial system: a multidisciplinary approach
Ice thickness and bed topography of Jostedalsbreen ice cap, Norway
Spatial and temporal stable water isotope data from the upper snowpack at the EastGRIP camp site, NE Greenland, sampled in summer 2018
High temporal resolution records of the velocity of Hansbreen, a tidewater glacier in Svalbard
A high-resolution calving front data product for marine-terminating glaciers in Svalbard
Calving front positions for 19 key glaciers of the Antarctic Peninsula: a sub-seasonal record from 2013 to 2023 based on a deep learning application to Landsat multispectral imagery
Spatial and temporal variability of environmental proxies from the top 120 m of two ice cores in Dronning Maud Land (East Antarctica)
Inventory of glaciers and perennial snowfields of the conterminous USA
A comprehensive and version-controlled database of glacial lake outburst floods in High Mountain Asia
Unlocking archival maps of the Hornsund fjord area for monitoring glaciers of the Sørkapp Land peninsula, Svalbard
Antarctic Ice Sheet paleo-constraint database
Ice-core data used for the construction of the Greenland Ice-Core Chronology 2005 and 2021 (GICC05 and GICC21)
Antarctic Bedmap data: Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable (FAIR) sharing of 60 years of ice bed, surface, and thickness data
PRODEM: Annual summer DEMs (2019–present) of the marginal areas of the Greenland Ice Sheet
A new inventory of High Mountain Asia surging glaciers derived from multiple elevation datasets since the 1970s
Ice core chemistry database: an Antarctic compilation of sodium and sulfate records spanning the past 2000 years
Mass balance of the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets from 1992 to 2020
Interdecadal glacier inventories in the Karakoram since the 1990s
Landsat- and Sentinel-derived glacial lake dataset in the China–Pakistan Economic Corridor from 1990 to 2020
Processing methodology for the ITS_LIVE Sentinel-1 ice velocity products
Calving fronts and where to find them: a benchmark dataset and methodology for automatic glacier calving front extraction from synthetic aperture radar imagery
A new global dataset of mountain glacier centerlines and lengths
2000 years of annual ice core data from Law Dome, East Antarctica
A 41-year (1979–2019) passive-microwave-derived lake ice phenology data record of the Northern Hemisphere
Rescue and homogenization of 140 years of glacier mass balance data in Switzerland
Signe Hillerup Larsen, Daniel Binder, Anja Rutishauser, Bernhard Hynek, Robert Schjøtt Fausto, and Michele Citterio
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 4103–4118, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-4103-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-4103-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The Greenland Ecosystem Monitoring programme has been running since 1995. In 2008, the Glaciological monitoring sub-program GlacioBasis was initiated at the Zackenberg site in northeast Greenland, with a transect of three weather stations on the A. P. Olsen Ice Cap. In 2022, the weather stations were replaced with a more standardized set up. Here, we provide the reprocessed and quality-checked data from 2008 to 2022, i.e., the first 15 years of continued monitoring.
Lea Hartl, Bernd Seiser, Martin Stocker-Waldhuber, Anna Baldo, Marcela Violeta Lauria, and Andrea Fischer
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 4077–4101, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-4077-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-4077-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Glaciers in the Alps are receding at unprecedented rates. To understand how this affects the hydrology and ecosystems of the affected regions, it is important to measure glacier mass balance and ensure that records of field surveys are kept in standardized formats and well-documented. We describe glaciological measurements of ice ablation and snow accumulation gathered at Mullwitzkees and Venedigerkees, two glaciers in the Austrian Alps, since 2007 and 2012, respectively.
Nanna B. Karlsson, Dustin M. Schroeder, Louise Sandberg Sørensen, Winnie Chu, Jørgen Dall, Natalia H. Andersen, Reese Dobson, Emma J. Mackie, Simon J. Köhn, Jillian E. Steinmetz, Angelo S. Tarzona, Thomas O. Teisberg, and Niels Skou
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 3333–3344, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-3333-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-3333-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In the 1970s, more than 177 000 km of observations were acquired from airborne radar over the Greenland ice sheet. The radar data contain information on not only the thickness of the ice, but also the properties of the ice itself. This information was recorded on film rolls and subsequently stored. In this study, we document the digitization of these film rolls that shed new and unprecedented detailed light on the Greenland ice sheet 50 years ago.
Elisabetta Corte, Andrea Ajmar, Carlo Camporeale, Alberto Cina, Velio Coviello, Fabio Giulio Tonolo, Alberto Godio, Myrta Maria Macelloni, Stefania Tamea, and Andrea Vergnano
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 3283–3306, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-3283-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-3283-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The study presents a set of multitemporal geospatial surveys and the continuous monitoring of water flows in a large proglacial area (4 km2) of the northwestern Alps. Activities were developed using a multidisciplinary approach and merge geomatic, hydraulic, and geophysical methods. The goal is to allow researchers to characterize, monitor, and model a number of physical processes and interconnected phenomena, with a broader perspective and deeper understanding than a single-discipline approach.
Mette Kusk Gillespie, Liss Marie Andreassen, Matthias Huss, Simon de Villiers, Kamilla Hauknes Sjursen, Jostein Aasen, Jostein Bakke, Jan Magne Cederstrøm, Halgeir Elvehøy, Bjarne Kjøllmoen, Even Loe, Marte Meland, Kjetil Melvold, Sigurd Daniel Nerhus, Torgeir Opeland Røthe, Eivind Nagel Wilhelm Støren, Kåre Øst, and Jacob Clement Yde
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-167, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-167, 2024
Revised manuscript accepted for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
Here we present an extensive new ice thickness dataset from Jostedalsbreen ice cap which will serve as baseline for future studies of regional climate-induced change. Results show that Jostedalsbreen currently (~2020) has a maximum ice thickness of ~630 m, a mean ice thickness of 154 m ± 22 m and an ice volume of 70.6 ± 10.2 km3. Ice of less than 50 m thickness covers two narrow regions of the ice cap, and Jostedalsbreen is likely to separate into three smaller ice caps in a warming climate.
Alexandra M. Zuhr, Sonja Wahl, Hans Christian Steen-Larsen, Maria Hörhold, Hanno Meyer, Vasileios Gkinis, and Thomas Laepple
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 1861–1874, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1861-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1861-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We present stable water isotope data from the accumulation zone of the Greenland ice sheet. A spatial sampling scheme covering 39 m and three depth layers was carried out between 14 May and 3 August 2018. The data suggest spatial and temporal variability related to meteorological conditions, such as wind-driven snow redistribution and vapour–snow exchange processes. The data can be used to study the formation of the stable water isotopes signal, which is seen as a climate proxy.
Małgorzata Błaszczyk, Bartłomiej Luks, Michał Pętlicki, Dariusz Puczko, Dariusz Ignatiuk, Michał Laska, Jacek Jania, and Piotr Głowacki
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 1847–1860, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1847-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1847-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Understanding the glacier response to accelerated climate warming in the Arctic requires data obtained in the field. Here, we present a dataset of velocity measurements of Hansbreen, a tidewater glacier in Svalbard. The glacier's velocity was measured with GPS at 16 stakes mounted on the glacier's surface. The measurements were conducted from about 1 week to about 1 month. The dataset offers unique material for validating numerical models of glacier dynamics and satellite-derived products.
Tian Li, Konrad Heidler, Lichao Mou, Ádám Ignéczi, Xiao Xiang Zhu, and Jonathan L. Bamber
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 919–939, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-919-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-919-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Our study uses deep learning to produce a new high-resolution calving front dataset for 149 marine-terminating glaciers in Svalbard from 1985 to 2023, containing 124 919 terminus traces. This dataset offers insights into understanding calving mechanisms and can help improve glacier frontal ablation estimates as a component of the integrated mass balance assessment.
Erik Loebel, Celia A. Baumhoer, Andreas Dietz, Mirko Scheinert, and Martin Horwath
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2023-535, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2023-535, 2024
Revised manuscript accepted for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
Glacier calving front positions are important for understanding glacier dynamics and constrain ice modelling. We apply a deep learning framework on multispectral Landsat imagery to create a calving front record for 19 key outlet glaciers of the Antarctic Peninsula. The resulting data product includes 2064 calving front locations from 2013 to 2023 and achieves sub-seasonal temporal resolution.
Sarah Wauthy, Jean-Louis Tison, Mana Inoue, Saïda El Amri, Sainan Sun, François Fripiat, Philippe Claeys, and Frank Pattyn
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 35–58, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-35-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-35-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The datasets presented are the density, water isotopes, ions, and conductivity measurements, as well as age models and surface mass balance (SMB) from the top 120 m of two ice cores drilled on adjacent ice rises in Dronning Maud Land, dating from the late 18th century. They offer many development possibilities for the interpretation of paleo-profiles and for addressing the mechanisms behind the spatial and temporal variability of SMB and proxies observed at the regional scale in East Antarctica.
Andrew G. Fountain, Bryce Glenn, and Christopher Mcneil
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 4077–4104, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-4077-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-4077-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Glaciers are rapidly shrinking globally. To identify past change and provide a baseline for future change, we inventoried the extent of glaciers and perennial snowfields across the western USA excluding Alaska. Using mostly aerial imagery, we digitized the outlines of all glaciers and perennial snowfields equal to or larger than 0.01 km2 using a geographical information system. We identified 1331 (366.52 km2) glaciers and 1176 (31.00 km2) snowfields.
Finu Shrestha, Jakob F. Steiner, Reeju Shrestha, Yathartha Dhungel, Sharad P. Joshi, Sam Inglis, Arshad Ashraf, Sher Wali, Khwaja M. Walizada, and Taigang Zhang
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 3941–3961, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3941-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3941-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
A new inventory of glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs) in High Mountain Asia found 697 events, causing 906 deaths, 3 times more than previously reported. This study provides insights into the contributing factors behind GLOFs on a regional scale and highlights the need for interdisciplinary approaches, including scientific communities and local knowledge, to understand GLOF risks in Asia. This study allows integration with other datasets, enabling future local and regional risk assessments.
Justyna Dudek and Michał Pętlicki
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 3869–3889, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3869-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3869-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In our research, we evaluate the potential of archival maps of Hornsund fjord area, southern Spitsbergen, published by the Polish Academy of Sciences for studying glacier changes. Our analysis concerning glaciers in the north-western part of the Sørkapp Land peninsula revealed that, in the period 1961–2010, a maximum lowering of their surface was about 100 m for the largest land-terminating glaciers and over 120 m for glaciers terminating in the ocean (above the line marking their 1984 extents).
Benoit S. Lecavalier, Lev Tarasov, Greg Balco, Perry Spector, Claus-Dieter Hillenbrand, Christo Buizert, Catherine Ritz, Marion Leduc-Leballeur, Robert Mulvaney, Pippa L. Whitehouse, Michael J. Bentley, and Jonathan Bamber
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 3573–3596, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3573-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3573-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The Antarctic Ice Sheet Evolution constraint database version 2 (AntICE2) consists of a large variety of observations that constrain the evolution of the Antarctic Ice Sheet over the last glacial cycle. This includes observations of past ice sheet extent, past ice thickness, past relative sea level, borehole temperature profiles, and present-day bedrock displacement rates. The database is intended to improve our understanding of past Antarctic changes and for ice sheet model calibrations.
Sune Olander Rasmussen, Dorthe Dahl-Jensen, Hubertus Fischer, Katrin Fuhrer, Steffen Bo Hansen, Margareta Hansson, Christine S. Hvidberg, Ulf Jonsell, Sepp Kipfstuhl, Urs Ruth, Jakob Schwander, Marie-Louise Siggaard-Andersen, Giulia Sinnl, Jørgen Peder Steffensen, Anders M. Svensson, and Bo M. Vinther
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 3351–3364, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3351-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3351-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Timescales are essential for interpreting palaeoclimate data. The data series presented here were used for annual-layer identification when constructing the timescales named the Greenland Ice-Core Chronology 2005 (GICC05) and the revised version GICC21. Hopefully, these high-resolution data sets will be useful also for other purposes.
Alice C. Frémand, Peter Fretwell, Julien A. Bodart, Hamish D. Pritchard, Alan Aitken, Jonathan L. Bamber, Robin Bell, Cesidio Bianchi, Robert G. Bingham, Donald D. Blankenship, Gino Casassa, Ginny Catania, Knut Christianson, Howard Conway, Hugh F. J. Corr, Xiangbin Cui, Detlef Damaske, Volkmar Damm, Reinhard Drews, Graeme Eagles, Olaf Eisen, Hannes Eisermann, Fausto Ferraccioli, Elena Field, René Forsberg, Steven Franke, Shuji Fujita, Yonggyu Gim, Vikram Goel, Siva Prasad Gogineni, Jamin Greenbaum, Benjamin Hills, Richard C. A. Hindmarsh, Andrew O. Hoffman, Per Holmlund, Nicholas Holschuh, John W. Holt, Annika N. Horlings, Angelika Humbert, Robert W. Jacobel, Daniela Jansen, Adrian Jenkins, Wilfried Jokat, Tom Jordan, Edward King, Jack Kohler, William Krabill, Mette Kusk Gillespie, Kirsty Langley, Joohan Lee, German Leitchenkov, Carlton Leuschen, Bruce Luyendyk, Joseph MacGregor, Emma MacKie, Kenichi Matsuoka, Mathieu Morlighem, Jérémie Mouginot, Frank O. Nitsche, Yoshifumi Nogi, Ole A. Nost, John Paden, Frank Pattyn, Sergey V. Popov, Eric Rignot, David M. Rippin, Andrés Rivera, Jason Roberts, Neil Ross, Anotonia Ruppel, Dustin M. Schroeder, Martin J. Siegert, Andrew M. Smith, Daniel Steinhage, Michael Studinger, Bo Sun, Ignazio Tabacco, Kirsty Tinto, Stefano Urbini, David Vaughan, Brian C. Welch, Douglas S. Wilson, Duncan A. Young, and Achille Zirizzotti
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 2695–2710, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2695-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2695-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents the release of over 60 years of ice thickness, bed elevation, and surface elevation data acquired over Antarctica by the international community. These data are a crucial component of the Antarctic Bedmap initiative which aims to produce a new map and datasets of Antarctic ice thickness and bed topography for the international glaciology and geophysical community.
Mai Winstrup, Heidi Ranndal, Signe Hillerup Larsen, Sebastian Bjerregaard Simonsen, Kenneth David Mankoff, Robert Schjøtt Fausto, and Louise Sandberg Sørensen
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2023-224, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2023-224, 2023
Revised manuscript accepted for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
Surface topography across the marginal zone of the Greenland Ice Sheet is constantly evolving. We here present four 500-meter resolution annual (2019–2022) summer DEMs (PRODEMs) of the Greenland ice sheet marginal zone, capturing all outlet glaciers of the ice sheet. The PRODEMs are based on fusion of CryoSat-2 radar altimetry and ICESat-2 laser altimetry. With their high spatial and temporal resolution, the PRODEMs will enable detailed studies of the changes in marginal ice sheet elevations.
Lei Guo, Jia Li, Amaury Dehecq, Zhiwei Li, Xin Li, and Jianjun Zhu
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 2841–2861, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2841-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2841-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We established a new inventory of surging glaciers across High Mountain Asia based on glacier elevation changes and morphological changes during 1970s–2020. A total of 890 surging and 336 probably or possibly surging glaciers were identified. Compared to the most recent inventory, this one incorporates 253 previously unidentified surging glaciers. Our results demonstrate a more widespread surge behavior in HMA and find that surging glaciers are prone to have steeper slopes than non-surging ones.
Elizabeth R. Thomas, Diana O. Vladimirova, Dieter R. Tetzner, B. Daniel Emanuelsson, Nathan Chellman, Daniel A. Dixon, Hugues Goosse, Mackenzie M. Grieman, Amy C. F. King, Michael Sigl, Danielle G. Udy, Tessa R. Vance, Dominic A. Winski, V. Holly L. Winton, Nancy A. N. Bertler, Akira Hori, Chavarukonam M. Laluraj, Joseph R. McConnell, Yuko Motizuki, Kazuya Takahashi, Hideaki Motoyama, Yoichi Nakai, Franciéle Schwanck, Jefferson Cardia Simões, Filipe Gaudie Ley Lindau, Mirko Severi, Rita Traversi, Sarah Wauthy, Cunde Xiao, Jiao Yang, Ellen Mosely-Thompson, Tamara V. Khodzher, Ludmila P. Golobokova, and Alexey A. Ekaykin
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 2517–2532, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2517-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2517-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The concentration of sodium and sulfate measured in Antarctic ice cores is related to changes in both sea ice and winds. Here we have compiled a database of sodium and sulfate records from 105 ice core sites in Antarctica. The records span all, or part, of the past 2000 years. The records will improve our understanding of how winds and sea ice have changed in the past and how they have influenced the climate of Antarctica over the past 2000 years.
Inès N. Otosaka, Andrew Shepherd, Erik R. Ivins, Nicole-Jeanne Schlegel, Charles Amory, Michiel R. van den Broeke, Martin Horwath, Ian Joughin, Michalea D. King, Gerhard Krinner, Sophie Nowicki, Anthony J. Payne, Eric Rignot, Ted Scambos, Karen M. Simon, Benjamin E. Smith, Louise S. Sørensen, Isabella Velicogna, Pippa L. Whitehouse, Geruo A, Cécile Agosta, Andreas P. Ahlstrøm, Alejandro Blazquez, William Colgan, Marcus E. Engdahl, Xavier Fettweis, Rene Forsberg, Hubert Gallée, Alex Gardner, Lin Gilbert, Noel Gourmelen, Andreas Groh, Brian C. Gunter, Christopher Harig, Veit Helm, Shfaqat Abbas Khan, Christoph Kittel, Hannes Konrad, Peter L. Langen, Benoit S. Lecavalier, Chia-Chun Liang, Bryant D. Loomis, Malcolm McMillan, Daniele Melini, Sebastian H. Mernild, Ruth Mottram, Jeremie Mouginot, Johan Nilsson, Brice Noël, Mark E. Pattle, William R. Peltier, Nadege Pie, Mònica Roca, Ingo Sasgen, Himanshu V. Save, Ki-Weon Seo, Bernd Scheuchl, Ernst J. O. Schrama, Ludwig Schröder, Sebastian B. Simonsen, Thomas Slater, Giorgio Spada, Tyler C. Sutterley, Bramha Dutt Vishwakarma, Jan Melchior van Wessem, David Wiese, Wouter van der Wal, and Bert Wouters
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 1597–1616, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-1597-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-1597-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
By measuring changes in the volume, gravitational attraction, and ice flow of Greenland and Antarctica from space, we can monitor their mass gain and loss over time. Here, we present a new record of the Earth’s polar ice sheet mass balance produced by aggregating 50 satellite-based estimates of ice sheet mass change. This new assessment shows that the ice sheets have lost (7.5 x 1012) t of ice between 1992 and 2020, contributing 21 mm to sea level rise.
Fuming Xie, Shiyin Liu, Yongpeng Gao, Yu Zhu, Tobias Bolch, Andreas Kääb, Shimei Duan, Wenfei Miao, Jianfang Kang, Yaonan Zhang, Xiran Pan, Caixia Qin, Kunpeng Wu, Miaomiao Qi, Xianhe Zhang, Ying Yi, Fengze Han, Xiaojun Yao, Qiao Liu, Xin Wang, Zongli Jiang, Donghui Shangguan, Yong Zhang, Richard Grünwald, Muhammad Adnan, Jyoti Karki, and Muhammad Saifullah
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 847–867, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-847-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-847-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, first we generated inventories which allowed us to systematically detect glacier change patterns in the Karakoram range. We found that, by the 2020s, there were approximately 10 500 glaciers in the Karakoram mountains covering an area of 22 510.73 km2, of which ~ 10.2 % is covered by debris. During the past 30 years (from 1990 to 2020), the total glacier cover area in Karakoram remained relatively stable, with a slight increase in area of 23.5 km2.
Muchu Lesi, Yong Nie, Dan Hirsh Shugar, Jida Wang, Qian Deng, Huayong Chen, and Jianrong Fan
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 5489–5512, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-5489-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-5489-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The China–Pakistan Economic Corridor plays a vital role in foreign trade and faces threats from water shortage and water-related hazards. An up-to-date glacial lake dataset with critical parameters is basic for water resource and flood risk research, which is absent from the corridor. This study created a glacial lake dataset in 2020 from Landsat and Sentinel images from 1990–2000, using a threshold-based mapping method. Our dataset has the potential to be widely applied.
Yang Lei, Alex S. Gardner, and Piyush Agram
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 5111–5137, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-5111-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-5111-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This work describes NASA MEaSUREs ITS_LIVE project's Version 2 Sentinel-1 image-pair ice velocity product and processing methodology. We show the refined offset tracking algorithm, autoRIFT, calibration for Sentinel-1 geolocation biases and correction of the ionosphere streaking problems. Validation was performed over three typical test sites covering the globe by comparing with other similar global and regional products.
Nora Gourmelon, Thorsten Seehaus, Matthias Braun, Andreas Maier, and Vincent Christlein
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 4287–4313, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-4287-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-4287-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Ice loss of glaciers shows in retreating calving fronts (i.e., the position where icebergs break off the glacier and drift into the ocean). This paper presents a benchmark dataset for calving front delineation in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images. The dataset can be used to train and test deep learning techniques, which automate the monitoring of the calving front. Provided example models achieve front delineations with an average distance of 887 m to the correct calving front.
Dahong Zhang, Gang Zhou, Wen Li, Shiqiang Zhang, Xiaojun Yao, and Shimei Wei
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 3889–3913, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-3889-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-3889-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The length of a glacier is a key determinant of its geometry; glacier centerlines are crucial inputs for many glaciological applications. Based on the European allocation theory, we present a new global dataset that includes the centerlines and lengths of 198 137 mountain glaciers. The accuracy of the glacier centerlines was 89.68 %. The constructed dataset comprises 17 sub-datasets which contain the centerlines and lengths of glacier tributaries.
Lenneke M. Jong, Christopher T. Plummer, Jason L. Roberts, Andrew D. Moy, Mark A. J. Curran, Tessa R. Vance, Joel B. Pedro, Chelsea A. Long, Meredith Nation, Paul A. Mayewski, and Tas D. van Ommen
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 3313–3328, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-3313-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-3313-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Ice core records from Law Dome in East Antarctica, collected over the the last 3 decades, provide high-resolution data for studies of the climate of Antarctica, Australia and the Southern and Indo-Pacific oceans. Here, we present a set of annually dated records from Law Dome covering the last 2000 years. This dataset provides an update and extensions both forward and back in time of previously published subsets of the data, bringing them together into a coherent set with improved dating.
Yu Cai, Claude R. Duguay, and Chang-Qing Ke
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 3329–3347, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-3329-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-3329-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Seasonal ice cover is one of the important attributes of lakes in middle- and high-latitude regions. This study used passive microwave brightness temperature measurements to extract the ice phenology for 56 lakes across the Northern Hemisphere from 1979 to 2019. A threshold algorithm was applied according to the differences in brightness temperature between lake ice and open water. The dataset will provide valuable information about the changing ice cover of lakes over the last 4 decades.
Lea Geibel, Matthias Huss, Claudia Kurzböck, Elias Hodel, Andreas Bauder, and Daniel Farinotti
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 3293–3312, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-3293-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-3293-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Glacier monitoring in Switzerland started in the 19th century, providing exceptional data series documenting snow accumulation and ice melt. Raw point observations of surface mass balance have, however, never been systematically compiled so far, including complete metadata. Here, we present an extensive dataset with more than 60 000 point observations of surface mass balance covering 60 Swiss glaciers and almost 140 years, promoting a better understanding of the drivers of recent glacier change.
Cited articles
Azam, M. F., Kargel, J. S., Shea, J. M., Nepal, S., Haritashya, U. K.,
Srivastava, S., Maussion, F., Qazi, N., Chevallier, P., Dimri, A. P.,
Kulkarni, A. V., Cogley, J. G., and Bahuguna, I. M.: Glaciohydrology of the
Himalaya-Karakoram, Science 373, eabf3668,
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abf3668, 2021.
Bajracharya, S. R. and Shrestha, B. R., International Centre for Integrated
Mountain Development, and Sweden (Eds.): The status of glaciers in the Hindu
Kush-Himalayan region, International Centre for Integrated Mountain
Development, Kathmandu, 127 pp., https://doi.org/10.53055/ICIMOD.551, 2011.
Bajracharya, S. R., Maharjan, S. B., and Shrestha, F.: Glaciers in the Indus
Basin, in: Indus River Basin, Elsevier, 123–144,
https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-812782-7.00006-0, 2019.
Barrett, K. and Bosak, K.: The Role of Place in Adapting to Climate Change:
A Case Study from Ladakh, Western Himalayas, Sustainability, 10, 898,
https://doi.org/10.3390/su10040898, 2018.
Bhambri, R., Bolch, T., Chaujar, R. K., and Kulshreshtha, S. C.: Glacier
changes in the Garhwal Himalaya, India, from 1968 to 2006 based on remote
sensing, J. Glaciol., 57, 543–556,
https://doi.org/10.3189/002214311796905604, 2011.
Bhambri, R., Bolch, T., Kawishwar, P., Dobhal, D. P., Srivastava, D., and Pratap, B.: Heterogeneity in glacier response in the upper Shyok valley, northeast Karakoram, The Cryosphere, 7, 1385–1398, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-7-1385-2013, 2013.
Bhambri, R., Hewitt, K., Kawishwar, P., and Pratap, B.: Surge-type and
surge-modified glaciers in the Karakoram, Sci. Rep.-UK, 7, 15391,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-15473-8, 2017.
Bhardwaj, A., Joshi, P., Snehmani., Sam, L., Singh, M. K., Singh, S., and
Kumar, R.: Applicability of Landsat 8 data for characterizing glacier facies
and supraglacial debris, Int. J. Appl. Earth Obs. Geoinformation, 38,
51–64, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2014.12.011, 2015.
Bolch, T.: Past and Future Glacier Changes in the Indus River Basin, in:
Indus River Basin, Elsevier, 85–97,
https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-812782-7.00004-7, 2019.
Bolch, T., Menounos, B., and Wheate, R.: Landsat-based inventory of glaciers
in western Canada, 1985–2005, Remote Sens. Environ., 114, 127–137,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2009.08.015, 2010.
Bolch, T., Kulkarni, A., Kaab, A., Huggel, C., Paul, F., Cogley, J. G.,
Frey, H., Kargel, J. S., Fujita, K., Scheel, M., Bajracharya, S., and
Stoffel, M.: The State and Fate of Himalayan Glaciers, Science, 336,
310–314, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1215828, 2012.
Census of China: National Bureau of Statistics, Communiqué of the seventh National Population Census, http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/ (last access: 30 September 2021), 2020.
Census of India: Jammu and Kashmir, Series 02 – Part XII A-B, District
Census Handbook, Leh
and Kargil, India - Census of India 2011 – Jammu & Kashmir – Series 02 –
Part XII A – District Census Handbook, Leh, http://censusindia.gov.in (last
assess: 30 September 2021), 2011.
Chudley, T. R., Miles, E. S., and Willis, I. C.: Glacier characteristics and
retreat between 1991 and 2014 in the Ladakh Range, Jammu and Kashmir, Remote
Sens. Lett., 8, 518–527, https://doi.org/10.1080/2150704X.2017.1295480,
2017.
Frey, H. and Paul, F.: On the suitability of the SRTM DEM and ASTER GDEM for
the compilation of topographic parameters in glacier inventories, Int. J.
Appl. Earth Obs. Geoinformation, 18, 480–490,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2011.09.020, 2012.
Frey, H., Machguth, H., Huss, M., Huggel, C., Bajracharya, S., Bolch, T., Kulkarni, A., Linsbauer, A., Salzmann, N., and Stoffel, M.: Estimating the volume of glaciers in the Himalayan–Karakoram region using different methods, The Cryosphere, 8, 2313–2333, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-8-2313-2014, 2014.
Garg, S., Shukla, A., Garg, P. K., Yousuf, B., Shukla, U. K., and Lotus, S.: Revisiting the 24 year (1994-2018) record of glacier mass budget in the Suru sub-basin, western Himalaya: Overall response and controlling factors, Sci. Total Environ., 800, 149533, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149533, 2021.
Garg, P. K., Garg, S., Yousuf, B., Shukla, A., Kumar, V., and Mehta, M.:
Stagnation of the Pensilungpa glacier, western Himalaya, India: causes and
implications, J. Glaciol., 68, 221–235,
https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2021.84, 2022a.
Garg, S., Shukla, A., Garg, P. K., Yousuf, B., and Shukla, U. K.: Surface
evolution and dynamics of the Kangriz glacier, western Himalaya in past 50
years, Cold Reg. Sci. Technol., 196, 103496,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2022.103496, 2022b.
Granshaw, F. D. and Fountain, G. A.: Glacier change (1958–1998) in the
North Cascades National Park Complex, Washington, USA, J. Glaciol., 52,
251–256, https://doi.org/10.3189/172756506781828782, 2006.
Guo, W., Liu, S., Xu, J., Wu, L., Shangguan, D., Yao, X., Wei, J., Bao, W.,
Yu, P., Liu, Q., and Jiang, Z.: The second Chinese glacier inventory: data,
methods and results, J. Glaciol., 61, 357–372,
https://doi.org/10.3189/2015JoG14J209, 2015.
Hersbach, H., Bell, B., Berrisford, P., Hirahara, S., Horányi, A.,
Muñoz-Sabater, J., Nicolas, J., Peubey, C., Radu, R., Schepers, D.,
Simmons, A., Soci, C., Abdalla, S., Abellan, X., Balsamo, G., Bechtold, P.,
Biavati, G., Bidlot, J., Bonavita, M., Chiara, G., Dahlgren, P., Dee, D.,
Diamantakis, M., Dragani, R., Flemming, J., Forbes, R., Fuentes, M., Geer,
A., Haimberger, L., Healy, S., Hogan, R. J., Hólm, E., Janisková,
M., Keeley, S., Laloyaux, P., Lopez, P., Lupu, C., Radnoti, G., Rosnay, P.,
Rozum, I., Vamborg, F., Villaume, S., and Thépaut, J.: The ERA5 global
reanalysis, Q. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 146, 1999–2049,
https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.3803, 2020.
Ji, Q., Yang, T., He, Y., Qin, Y., Dong, J., and Hu, F.: A simple method to
extract glacier length based on Digital Elevation Model and glacier
boundaries for simple basin type glacier, J. Mt. Sci., 14, 1776–1790,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11629-016-4243-5, 2017.
Kääb, A., Treichler, D., Nuth, C., and Berthier, E.: Brief Communication: Contending estimates of 2003–2008 glacier mass balance over the Pamir–Karakoram–Himalaya, The Cryosphere, 9, 557–564, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-9-557-2015, 2015.
Khan, A., Richards, K. S., Parker, G. T., McRobie, A., and Mukhopadhyay, B.:
How large is the Upper Indus Basin? The pitfalls of auto-delineation using
DEMs, J. Hydrol., 509, 442–453,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.11.028, 2014.
Kulkarni, A. V.: Monitoring Himalayan cryosphere using remote sensing
techniques, J. India Inst. Sci. 90, 457–469, 2010.
Le Bris, R. and Paul, F.: An automatic method to create flow lines for
determination of glacier length: A pilot study with Alaskan glaciers,
Comput. Geosci., 52, 234–245, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2012.10.014,
2013.
Liu, S., Ding, Y., Shangguan, D., Zhang, Y., Li, J., Han, H., Wang, J., and
Xie, C.: Glacier retreat as a result of climate warming and increased
precipitation in the Tarim river basin, northwest China, Ann. Glaciol., 43,
91–96, https://doi.org/10.3189/172756406781812168, 2006.
Maurer, J. M., Schaefer, J. M., Rupper, S., and Corley, A.: Acceleration of
ice loss across the Himalayas over the past 40 years, Sci. Adv., 5,
eaav7266, https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aav7266, 2019.
Minora, U., Bocchiola, D., D'Agata, C., Maragno, D., Mayer, C., Lambrecht, A., Mosconi, B., Vuillermoz, E., Senese, A., Compostella, C., Smiraglia, C., and Diolaiuti, G.: 2001–2010 glacier changes in the Central Karakoram National Park: a contribution to evaluate the magnitude and rate of the “Karakoram anomaly”, The Cryosphere Discuss., 7, 2891–2941, https://doi.org/10.5194/tcd-7-2891-2013, 2013.
Mölg, N., Bolch, T., Rastner, P., Strozzi, T., and Paul, F.: A consistent glacier inventory for Karakoram and Pamir derived from Landsat data: distribution of debris cover and mapping challenges, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 10, 1807–1827, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-1807-2018, 2018.
Mukherjee, S., Joshi, P. K., Mukherjee, S., Ghosh, A., Garg, R. D., and
Mukhopadhyay, A.: Evaluation of vertical accuracy of open source Digital
Elevation Model (DEM), Int. J. Appl. Earth Obs. Geoinformation, 21,
205–217, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2012.09.004, 2013.
Müller, J., Dame, J., and Nüsser, M.: Urban Mountain Waterscapes:
The Transformation of Hydro-Social Relations in the Trans-Himalayan Town
Leh, Ladakh, India, Water, 12, 1698, https://doi.org/10.3390/w12061698,
2020.
Nagai, H., Fujita, K., Sakai, A., Nuimura, T., and Tadono, T.: Comparison of multiple glacier inventories with a new inventory derived from high-resolution ALOS imagery in the Bhutan Himalaya, The Cryosphere, 10, 65–85, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-10-65-2016, 2016.
Negi, H. S., Kumar, A., Kanda, N., Thakur, N. K., and Singh, K. K.: Status
of glaciers and climate change of East Karakoram in early twenty-first
century, Sci. Total Environ., 753, 141914,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141914, 2021.
Nuimura, T., Sakai, A., Taniguchi, K., Nagai, H., Lamsal, D., Tsutaki, S., Kozawa, A., Hoshina, Y., Takenaka, S., Omiya, S., Tsunematsu, K., Tshering, P., and Fujita, K.: The GAMDAM glacier inventory: a quality-controlled inventory of Asian glaciers, The Cryosphere, 9, 849–864, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-9-849-2015, 2015.
Nüsser, M., Schmidt, S., and Dame, J.: Irrigation and Development in the
Upper Indus Basin: Characteristics and Recent Changes of a
Socio-hydrological System in Central Ladakh, India, Mt. Res. Dev., 32,
51–61, https://doi.org/10.1659/MRD-JOURNAL-D-11-00091.1, 2012.
Nüsser, M., Dame, J., Kraus, B., Baghel, R., and Schmidt, S.:
Socio-hydrology of “artificial glaciers” in Ladakh, India: assessing
adaptive strategies in a changing cryosphere, Reg. Environ. Change, 19,
1327–1337, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-018-1372-0, 2019a.
Nüsser, M., Dame, J., Parveen, S., Kraus, B., Baghel, R., and Schmidt,
S.: Cryosphere-Fed Irrigation Networks in the Northwestern Himalaya:
Precarious Livelihoods and Adaptation Strategies Under the Impact of Climate
Change, Mt. Res. Dev., 39, R1–R11, https://doi.org/10.1659/MRD-JOURNAL-D-18-00072.1,
2019b.
Paul, F., Kääb, A., Maisch, M., Kellenberger, T., and Haeberli, W.: The new remote-sensing-derived Swiss glacier inventory: I. Methods, Ann. Glaciol., 34, 355361, https://doi.org/10.3189/172756402781817941, 2002.
Paul, F., Barry, R. G., Cogley, J. G., Frey, H., Haeberli, W., Ohmura, A.,
Ommanney, C. S. L., Raup, B., Rivera, A., and Zemp, M.: Recommendations for
the compilation of glacier inventory data from digital sources, Ann.
Glaciol., 50, 119–126, https://doi.org/10.3189/172756410790595778, 2009.
Paul, F., Barrand, N. E., Baumann, S., Berthier, E., Bolch, T., Casey, K.,
Frey, H., Joshi, S. P., Konovalov, V., Le Bris, R., Mölg, N., Nosenko,
G., Nuth, C., Pope, A., Racoviteanu, A., Rastner, P., Raup, B., Scharrer,
K., Steffen, S., and Winsvold, S.: On the accuracy of glacier outlines
derived from remote-sensing data, Ann. Glaciol., 54, 171–182,
https://doi.org/10.3189/2013AoG63A296, 2013.
Paul, F., Bolch, T., Kääb, A., Nagler, T., Nuth, C., Scharrer, K., Shepherd, A., Strozzi, T., Ticconi, F., Bhambri, R., Berthier, E., Bevan, S., Gourmelen, N., Heid, T., Jeong, S., Kunz, M., Lauknes, T. R., Luckman, A., Merryman Boncori, J. P., Moholdt, G., Muir, A., Neelmeijer, J., Rankl, M., VanLooy, J., and Van Niel, T.: The glaciers climate change initiative: Methods for creating glacier area, elevation change and velocity products, Remote Sens. Environ., 162, 408426, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2013.07.043, 2015.
Paul, F., Bolch, T., Briggs, K., Kääb, A., McMillan, M., McNabb, R.,
Nagler, T., Nuth, C., Rastner, P., Strozzi, T., and Wuite, J.: Error sources
and guidelines for quality assessment of glacier area, elevation change, and
velocity products derived from satellite data in the Glaciers_cci project, Remote Sens. Environ., 203, 256–275,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2017.08.038, 2017.
Pfeffer, W. T., Arendt, A. A., Bliss, A., Bolch, T., Cogley, J. G., Gardner,
A. S., Hagen, J.-O., Hock, R., Kaser, G., Kienholz, C., Miles, E. S.,
Moholdt, G., Mölg, N., Paul, F., Radić, V., Rastner, P., Raup, B.
H., Rich, J., Sharp, M. J., and The Randolph Consortium: The Randolph
Glacier Inventory: a globally complete inventory of glaciers, J. Glaciol.,
60, 537–552, https://doi.org/10.3189/2014JoG13J176, 2014.
Pritchard, H. D.: Asia's shrinking glaciers protect large populations from
drought stress, Nature, 569, 649–654,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1240-1, 2019.
Racoviteanu, A. E., Paul, F., Raup, B., Khalsa, S. J. S., and Armstrong, R.:
Challenges and recommendations in mapping of glacier parameters from space:
results of the 2008 Global Land Ice Measurements from Space (GLIMS)
workshop, Boulder, Colorado, USA, Ann. Glaciol., 50, 53–69,
https://doi.org/10.3189/172756410790595804, 2009.
Racoviteanu, A. E., Rittger, K., and Armstrong, R.: An Automated Approach
for Estimating Snowline Altitudes in the Karakoram and Eastern Himalaya From
Remote Sensing, Front. Earth Sci., 7, 220,
https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2019.00220, 2019.
Sakai, A.: Brief communication: Updated GAMDAM glacier inventory over high-mountain Asia, The Cryosphere, 13, 2043–2049, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-2043-2019, 2019.
Schmidt, S. and Nüsser, M.: Changes of High Altitude Glaciers from 1969
to 2010 in the Trans-Himalayan Kang Yatze Massif, Ladakh, Northwest India,
Arct. Antarct. Alp. Res., 44, 107–121,
https://doi.org/10.1657/1938-4246-44.1.107, 2012.
Schmidt, S. and Nüsser, M.: Changes of High Altitude Glaciers in the
Trans-Himalaya of Ladakh over the Past Five Decades (1969–2016),
Geosciences, 7, 27, https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences7020027, 2017.
Shean, D. E., Bhushan, S., Montesano, P., Rounce, D. R., Arendt, A., and
Osmanoglu, B.: A Systematic, Regional Assessment of High Mountain Asia
Glacier Mass Balance, Front. Earth Sci., 7, 363,
https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2019.00363, 2020.
Shukla, A., Garg, S., Mehta, M., Kumar, V., and Shukla, U. K.: Temporal inventory of glaciers in the Suru sub-basin, western Himalaya: impacts of regional climate variability, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 1245–1265, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-1245-2020, 2020.
Singh, S., Kumar, R., Bhardwaj, A., Sam, L., Shekhar, M., Singh, A., Kumar,
R., and Gupta, A.: Changing climate and glacio-hydrology in Indian Himalayan
Region: a review, WIREs Clim. Change, 7, 393–410,
https://doi.org/10.1002/wcc.393, 2016.
Smith, T., Bookhagen, B., and Cannon, F.: Improving semi-automated glacier mapping with a multi-method approach: applications in central Asia, The Cryosphere, 9, 1747–1759, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-9-1747-2015, 2015.
Soheb, M., Ramanathan, A., Bhardwaj, A., Coleman, M., Spagnolo, M., Rea, B.
R., Singh, S., and Sam, L.: Landsat-based multitemporal glacier inventory data of
over four decades (1977–2019) for Ladakh region, PANGAEA [data
set], https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.940994, 2022.
Tielidze, L. G. and Wheate, R. D.: The Greater Caucasus Glacier Inventory (Russia, Georgia and Azerbaijan), The Cryosphere, 12, 81–94, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-81-2018, 2018.
Williams, M. W.: The Status of Glaciers in the Hindu Kush–Himalayan Region,
Mt. Res. Dev., 33, 114, https://doi.org/10.1659/mrd.mm113, 2013.
Winsvold, S. H., Andreassen, L. M., and Kienholz, C.: Glacier area and length changes in Norway from repeat inventories, The Cryosphere, 8, 1885–1903, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-8-1885-2014, 2014.
Winsvold, S. H., Kaab, A., and Nuth, C.: Regional Glacier Mapping Using
Optical Satellite Data Time Series, IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Obs.
Remote Sens., 9, 3698–3711, https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTARS.2016.2527063,
2016.
Yao, J., Chao-lu, Y., and Ping, F.: Evaluation of the Accuracy of SRTM3 and
ASTER GDEM in the Tibetan Plateau Mountain Ranges, E3S Web Conf., 206,
01027, https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202020601027, 2020.
Zhang, M., Wang, X., Shi, C., and Yan, D.: Automated Glacier Extraction
Index by Optimization of Red/SWIR and NIR /SWIR Ratio Index for Glacier
Mapping Using Landsat Imagery, Water, 11, 1223,
https://doi.org/10.3390/w11061223, 2019.
Short summary
This study provides a multi-temporal inventory of glaciers in the Ladakh region. The study records data on 2257 glaciers (>0.5 km2) covering an area of ~7923 ± 106 km2 which is equivalent to ~89 % of the total glacierised area of the Ladakh region. It will benefit both the scientific community and the administration of the Union Territory of Ladakh, in developing efficient mitigation and adaptation strategies by improving the projections of change on timescales relevant to policymakers.
This study provides a multi-temporal inventory of glaciers in the Ladakh region. The study...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint