Articles | Volume 18, issue 7
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-18-5283-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-18-5283-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Data description article
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22 Jul 2026
Data description article | Highlight paper |
| 22 Jul 2026
| 22 Jul 2026
Lagoon temperature and hydrodynamics of Reao Atoll (Tuamotu Archipelago, French Polynesia) before and during the 2024 El-Niño marine heatwave
Esther Ladet
Ifremer, IRD, ILM, UPF, UMR 241 SECOPOL, Vairao, 98725, Tahiti, French Polynesia
Carla Chevillard
Ifremer, IRD, ILM, UPF, UMR 241 SECOPOL, Vairao, 98725, Tahiti, French Polynesia
Romain Le Gendre
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Ifremer, UMR 9220 ENTROPIE (Ifremer, IRD, Univ. Réunion, Univ. Nouvelle-Calédonie, CNRS), BP 32078, 98897 Nouméa CEDEX, New Caledonia
Université de Toulouse, LEGOS (CNES/CNRS/IRD/UT3), Nouméa, Nouvelle-Calédonie, France
Thomas Trophime
Direction des Ressources Marines, Papeete, 98713, Tahiti, French Polynesia
Sébastien Petton
Ifremer, Univ. Brest, CNRS, IRD, LEMAR, 29840, Argenton, France
Simon Van Wynsberge
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Ifremer, IRD, ILM, UPF, UMR 241 SECOPOL, Vairao, 98725, Tahiti, French Polynesia
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Daneeja Mawren, Julia Araujo, Romain Le Gendre, Jessica A. Benthuysen, Franck Eitel Kemgang Ghomsi, Jayanthi S. Saranya, and Amandine Schaeffer
Ocean Sci., 22, 1793–1817, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-22-1793-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-22-1793-2026, 2026
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Using 16 years of ocean glider data, we show that marine heatwaves are characterised by shallow mixed layers and alter subsurface biogeochemistry across Australia’s continental shelf. Surface chlorophyll generally declined, but strong stratification and event severity promoted deeper, intensified chlorophyll maxima, highlighting region-specific ecological responses to heatwaves.
Bastien Pagli, Takeshi Izumo, Alexandre Barboni, Carla Chevillard, Cyril Dutheil, Raphaël Legrand, Christophe Menkes, Claire Rocuet, and Sophie Cravatte
Ocean Sci., 22, 1329–1352, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-22-1329-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-22-1329-2026, 2026
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Marine heatwaves—periods of unusually warm ocean temperatures—are becoming more frequent and intense with climate change. These events can harm marine ecosystems, especially in vulnerable regions like French Polynesia. Here, we used satellite sea surface temperature data and ocean reanalysis to characterize past events. We investigated their characteristics, variability linked to El Niño Southern Oscillation, and the physical mechanisms driving their onset and decay across the region.
Carla Chevillard, Romain Le Gendre, Christophe Menkes, Takeshi Izumo, Bastien Pagli, Simon Van Wynsberge, and Sophie Cravatte
Ocean Sci., 22, 1213–1236, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-22-1213-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-22-1213-2026, 2026
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To detect past marine heatwaves events and analyse their characteristics, scientists use one of the available sea surface temperature products, relying on different data ingested and procedures. Here, we compare marine heatwaves statistics computed using six products in the tropical Pacific over 1993–2021. We highlight significant differences and provide uncertainties. Our results advocate for the use of multiple products in marine heatwaves studies to increase the robustness of the conclusions.
Shilpa Lal, Sophie Cravatte, Christophe Menkes, Jed Macdonald, Romain Le Gendre, Ines Mangolte, Cyril Dutheil, Neil J. Holbrook, and Simon Nicol
Ocean Sci., 22, 1023–1049, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-22-1023-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-22-1023-2026, 2026
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This paper characterizes historical (1981–2023) marine heatwaves in the tropical southwestern Pacific, where they pose a challenge for marine resource dependent Islands. Heatwaves are distinguished as a function of their spatial extent, signature at the coast, and seasonality, to allow a better understanding of their impacts on ecosystems. Marine heatwaves are getting longer and more frequent, with greater spatial extents. Our results aim to inform the Pacific Islands on their vulnerability.
Romain Le Gendre, David Varillon, Sylvie Fiat, Régis Hocdé, Antoine de Ramon N'Yeurt, Serge Andréfouët, Jérôme Aucan, Sophie Cravatte, Maxime Duphil, Alexandre Ganachaud, Baptiste Gaudron, Elodie Kestenare, Vetea Liao, Bernard Pelletier, Alexandre Peltier, Anne-Lou Schaefer, Thomas Trophime, Simon Van Wynsberge, Yves Dandonneau, Michel Allenbach, and Christophe Menkes
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 17, 5277–5301, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-5277-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-5277-2025, 2025
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Due to ocean warming, coral reef ecosystems are strongly impacted by dystrophic events and corals experiencing increasing frequencies of bleaching events. In situ observation remains the best alternative for accurate characterization of trends and extremes in these shallow environments. This paper presents the coastal temperature dataset of the ReefTEMPS monitoring network, which spreads over multiple Pacific Island countries and territories (PICTs) in the western and central South Pacific.
Nicolas Metzl, Jonathan Fin, Claire Lo Monaco, Claude Mignon, Samir Alliouane, Bruno Bombled, Jacqueline Boutin, Yann Bozec, Steeve Comeau, Pascal Conan, Laurent Coppola, Pascale Cuet, Eva Ferreira, Jean-Pierre Gattuso, Frédéric Gazeau, Catherine Goyet, Emilie Grossteffan, Bruno Lansard, Dominique Lefèvre, Nathalie Lefèvre, Coraline Leseurre, Sébastien Petton, Mireille Pujo-Pay, Christophe Rabouille, Gilles Reverdin, Céline Ridame, Peggy Rimmelin-Maury, Jean-François Ternon, Franck Touratier, Aline Tribollet, Thibaut Wagener, and Cathy Wimart-Rousseau
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 17, 1075–1100, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-1075-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-1075-2025, 2025
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This work presents a new synthesis of 67 000 total alkalinity and total dissolved inorganic carbon observations obtained between 1993 and 2023 in the global ocean, coastal zones, and the Mediterranean Sea. We describe the data assemblage and associated quality control and discuss some potential uses of this dataset. The dataset is provided in a single format and includes the quality flag for each sample.
Sébastien Petton, Fabrice Pernet, Valérian Le Roy, Matthias Huber, Sophie Martin, Éric Macé, Yann Bozec, Stéphane Loisel, Peggy Rimmelin-Maury, Émilie Grossteffan, Michel Repecaud, Loïc Quemener, Michael Retho, Soazig Manac'h, Mathias Papin, Philippe Pineau, Thomas Lacoue-Labarthe, Jonathan Deborde, Louis Costes, Pierre Polsenaere, Loïc Rigouin, Jérémy Benhamou, Laure Gouriou, Joséphine Lequeux, Nathalie Labourdette, Nicolas Savoye, Grégory Messiaen, Elodie Foucault, Vincent Ouisse, Marion Richard, Franck Lagarde, Florian Voron, Valentin Kempf, Sébastien Mas, Léa Giannecchini, Francesca Vidussi, Behzad Mostajir, Yann Leredde, Samir Alliouane, Jean-Pierre Gattuso, and Frédéric Gazeau
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 1667–1688, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1667-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1667-2024, 2024
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Our research highlights the concerning impact of rising carbon dioxide levels on coastal areas. To better understand these changes, we've established an observation network in France. By deploying pH sensors and other monitoring equipment at key coastal sites, we're gaining valuable insights into how various factors, such as freshwater inputs, tides, temperature, and biological processes, influence ocean pH.
Oriane Bruyère, Romain Le Gendre, Vetea Liao, and Serge Andréfouët
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 667–679, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-667-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-667-2024, 2024
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During 2019–2020, the lagoon and forereefs of Gambier Island (French Polynesia) were monitored with oceanographic instruments to measure lagoon hydrodynamics and ocean–lagoon water exchanges. Gambier Island is a key black pearl producer and the study goal was to understand the processes influencing spat collection of pearl oyster Pinctada margaritifera, the species used to produce black pearls. The data set is provided to address local pearl farming questions and other investigations as well.
Nicolas Metzl, Jonathan Fin, Claire Lo Monaco, Claude Mignon, Samir Alliouane, David Antoine, Guillaume Bourdin, Jacqueline Boutin, Yann Bozec, Pascal Conan, Laurent Coppola, Frédéric Diaz, Eric Douville, Xavier Durrieu de Madron, Jean-Pierre Gattuso, Frédéric Gazeau, Melek Golbol, Bruno Lansard, Dominique Lefèvre, Nathalie Lefèvre, Fabien Lombard, Férial Louanchi, Liliane Merlivat, Léa Olivier, Anne Petrenko, Sébastien Petton, Mireille Pujo-Pay, Christophe Rabouille, Gilles Reverdin, Céline Ridame, Aline Tribollet, Vincenzo Vellucci, Thibaut Wagener, and Cathy Wimart-Rousseau
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 89–120, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-89-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-89-2024, 2024
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This work presents a synthesis of 44 000 total alkalinity and dissolved inorganic carbon observations obtained between 1993 and 2022 in the Global Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea at the surface and in the water column. Seawater samples were measured using the same method and calibrated with international Certified Reference Material. We describe the data assemblage, quality control and some potential uses of this dataset.
Oriane Bruyère, Romain Le Gendre, Mathilde Chauveau, Bertrand Bourgeois, David Varillon, John Butscher, Thomas Trophime, Yann Follin, Jérôme Aucan, Vetea Liao, and Serge Andréfouët
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 5553–5573, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-5553-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-5553-2023, 2023
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During 2018–2022, four pearl farming Tuamotu atolls (French Polynesia) were studied with oceanographic instruments to measure lagoon hydrodynamics and ocean-lagoon water exchanges. The goal was to gain knowledge on the processes influencing the spat collection of the pearl oyster Pinctada margaritifera, the species used to produce black pearls. A worldwide unique oceanographic atoll data set is provided to address local pearl farming questions and other fundamental and applied investigations.
Sébastien Petton, Valérie Garnier, Matthieu Caillaud, Laurent Debreu, and Franck Dumas
Geosci. Model Dev., 16, 1191–1211, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-1191-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-1191-2023, 2023
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The nesting AGRIF library is implemented in the MARS3D hydrodynamic model, a semi-implicit, free-surface numerical model which uses a time scheme as an alternating-direction implicit (ADI) algorithm. Two applications at the regional and coastal scale are introduced. We compare the two-nesting approach to the classic offline one-way approach, based on an in situ dataset. This method is an efficient means to significantly improve the physical hydrodynamics and unravel ecological challenges.
Oriane Bruyère, Benoit Soulard, Hugues Lemonnier, Thierry Laugier, Morgane Hubert, Sébastien Petton, Térence Desclaux, Simon Van Wynsberge, Eric Le Tesson, Jérôme Lefèvre, Franck Dumas, Jean-François Kayara, Emmanuel Bourassin, Noémie Lalau, Florence Antypas, and Romain Le Gendre
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 5439–5462, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-5439-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-5439-2022, 2022
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From 2014 to 2021, extensive monitoring of hydrodynamics was deployed within five contrasted lagoons of New Caledonia during austral summers. These coastal physical observations encompassed unmonitored lagoons and captured eight major atmospheric events ranging from tropical depression to category 4 cyclone. The main objectives were to characterize the processes controlling hydrodynamics of these lagoons and record the signature of extreme events on land–lagoon–ocean continuum functioning.
Xi Wei, Josette Garnier, Vincent Thieu, Paul Passy, Romain Le Gendre, Gilles Billen, Maia Akopian, and Goulven Gildas Laruelle
Biogeosciences, 19, 931–955, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-931-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-931-2022, 2022
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Estuaries are key reactive ecosystems along the land–ocean aquatic continuum and are often strongly impacted by anthropogenic activities. We calculated nutrient in and out fluxes by using a 1-D transient model for seven estuaries along the French Atlantic coast. Among these, large estuaries with high residence times showed higher retention rates than medium and small ones. All reveal coastal eutrophication due to the excess of diffused nitrogen from intensive agricultural river basins.
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Editorial statement
These observations provide a unique basis for understanding thermal exposure in atoll lagoons and for identifying climate-resilient thermal refugia to support the sustainable management of giant clam fisheries under marine heat waves.
These observations provide a unique basis for understanding thermal exposure in atoll lagoons...
Short summary
This dataset on Reao atoll provides an unprecedented record of thermal dynamics and lagoon circulation in a semi-closed atoll of French Polynesia, including full coverage of the extreme 2024 marine heatwave that caused mass bleaching. Collected over six monitoring periods between 2016 and 2025, it offers a critical basis for analysing thermal exposure of giant clams, identifying potential refugia, and supporting modelling of atoll responses to climate change.
This dataset on Reao atoll provides an unprecedented record of thermal dynamics and lagoon...
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