Articles | Volume 14, issue 11
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-4901-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-4901-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Data description paper
| 
04 Nov 2022
Data description paper |
| 04 Nov 2022
| 04 Nov 2022
Mesoscale observations of temperature and salinity in the Arctic Transpolar Drift: a high-resolution dataset from the MOSAiC Distributed Network
Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Bremerhaven, Germany
Ivan Kuznetsov
Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Bremerhaven, Germany
Ying-Chih Fang
Department of Oceanography, National Sun Yat-sen University, 80424 Kaohsiung, Taiwan
Benjamin Rabe
Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Bremerhaven, Germany
Related authors
Salar Karam, Céline Heuzé, Mario Hoppmann, and Laura de Steur
Ocean Sci., 20, 917–930, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-20-917-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-20-917-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
A long-term mooring array in the Fram Strait allows for an evaluation of decadal trends in temperature in this major oceanic gateway into the Arctic. Since the 1980s, the deep waters of the Greenland Sea and the Eurasian Basin of the Arctic have warmed rapidly at a rate of 0.11°C and 0.05°C per decade, respectively, at a depth of 2500 m. We show that the temperatures of the two basins converged around 2017 and that the deep waters of the Greenland Sea are now a heat source for the Arctic Ocean.
Ivan Kuznetsov, Benjamin Rabe, Alexey Androsov, Ying-Chih Fang, Mario Hoppmann, Alejandra Quintanilla-Zurita, Sven Harig, Sandra Tippenhauer, Kirstin Schulz, Volker Mohrholz, Ilker Fer, Vera Fofonova, and Markus Janout
Ocean Sci., 20, 759–777, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-20-759-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-20-759-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Our research introduces a tool for dynamically mapping the Arctic Ocean using data from the MOSAiC experiment. Incorporating extensive data into a model clarifies the ocean's structure and movement. Our findings on temperature, salinity, and currents reveal how water layers mix and identify areas of intense water movement. This enhances understanding of Arctic Ocean dynamics and supports climate impact studies. Our work is vital for comprehending this key region in global climate science.
Vishnu Nandan, Rosemary Willatt, Robbie Mallett, Julienne Stroeve, Torsten Geldsetzer, Randall Scharien, Rasmus Tonboe, John Yackel, Jack Landy, David Clemens-Sewall, Arttu Jutila, David N. Wagner, Daniela Krampe, Marcus Huntemann, Mallik Mahmud, David Jensen, Thomas Newman, Stefan Hendricks, Gunnar Spreen, Amy Macfarlane, Martin Schneebeli, James Mead, Robert Ricker, Michael Gallagher, Claude Duguay, Ian Raphael, Chris Polashenski, Michel Tsamados, Ilkka Matero, and Mario Hoppmann
The Cryosphere, 17, 2211–2229, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-2211-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-2211-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We show that wind redistributes snow on Arctic sea ice, and Ka- and Ku-band radar measurements detect both newly deposited snow and buried snow layers that can affect the accuracy of snow depth estimates on sea ice. Radar, laser, meteorological, and snow data were collected during the MOSAiC expedition. With frequent occurrence of storms in the Arctic, our results show that
wind-redistributed snow needs to be accounted for to improve snow depth estimates on sea ice from satellite radars.
Ruibo Lei, Mario Hoppmann, Bin Cheng, Marcel Nicolaus, Fanyi Zhang, Benjamin Rabe, Long Lin, Julia Regnery, and Donald K. Perovich
The Cryosphere Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-2023-25, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-2023-25, 2023
Manuscript not accepted for further review
Short summary
Short summary
To characterize the freezing and melting of different types of sea ice, we deployed four IMBs during the MOSAiC second drift. The drifting pattern, together with a large snow accumulation, relatively warm air temperatures, and a rapid increase in oceanic heat close to Fram Strait, determined the seasonal evolution of the ice mass balance. The refreezing of ponded ice and voids within the unconsolidated ridges amplifies the anisotropy of the heat exchange between the ice and the atmosphere/ocean.
Long Lin, Ruibo Lei, Mario Hoppmann, Donald K. Perovich, and Hailun He
The Cryosphere, 16, 4779–4796, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-4779-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-4779-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Ice mass balance observations indicated that average basal melt onset was comparable in the central Arctic Ocean and approximately 17 d earlier than surface melt in the Beaufort Gyre. The average onset of basal growth lagged behind the surface of the pan-Arctic Ocean for almost 3 months. In the Beaufort Gyre, both drifting-buoy observations and fixed-point observations exhibit a trend towards earlier basal melt onset, which can be ascribed to the earlier warming of the surface ocean.
Ruibo Lei, Mario Hoppmann, Bin Cheng, Guangyu Zuo, Dawei Gui, Qiongqiong Cai, H. Jakob Belter, and Wangxiao Yang
The Cryosphere, 15, 1321–1341, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-1321-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-1321-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Quantification of ice deformation is useful for understanding of the role of ice dynamics in climate change. Using data of 32 buoys, we characterized spatiotemporal variations in ice kinematics and deformation in the Pacific sector of Arctic Ocean for autumn–winter 2018/19. Sea ice in the south and west has stronger mobility than in the east and north, which weakens from autumn to winter. An enhanced Arctic dipole and weakened Beaufort Gyre in winter lead to an obvious turning of ice drifting.
Christian Katlein, Lovro Valcic, Simon Lambert-Girard, and Mario Hoppmann
The Cryosphere, 15, 183–198, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-183-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-183-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
To improve autonomous investigations of sea ice optical properties, we designed a chain of multispectral light sensors, providing autonomous in-ice light measurements. Here we describe the system and the data acquired from a first prototype deployment. We show that sideward-looking planar irradiance sensors basically measure scalar irradiance and demonstrate the use of this sensor chain to derive light transmittance and inherent optical properties of sea ice.
Julienne Stroeve, Vishnu Nandan, Rosemary Willatt, Rasmus Tonboe, Stefan Hendricks, Robert Ricker, James Mead, Robbie Mallett, Marcus Huntemann, Polona Itkin, Martin Schneebeli, Daniela Krampe, Gunnar Spreen, Jeremy Wilkinson, Ilkka Matero, Mario Hoppmann, and Michel Tsamados
The Cryosphere, 14, 4405–4426, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-4405-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-4405-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
This study provides a first look at the data collected by a new dual-frequency Ka- and Ku-band in situ radar over winter sea ice in the Arctic Ocean. The instrument shows potential for using both bands to retrieve snow depth over sea ice, as well as sensitivity of the measurements to changing snow and atmospheric conditions.
Stefanie Arndt, Mario Hoppmann, Holger Schmithüsen, Alexander D. Fraser, and Marcel Nicolaus
The Cryosphere, 14, 2775–2793, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-2775-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-2775-2020, 2020
Thomas Krumpen, Florent Birrien, Frank Kauker, Thomas Rackow, Luisa von Albedyll, Michael Angelopoulos, H. Jakob Belter, Vladimir Bessonov, Ellen Damm, Klaus Dethloff, Jari Haapala, Christian Haas, Carolynn Harris, Stefan Hendricks, Jens Hoelemann, Mario Hoppmann, Lars Kaleschke, Michael Karcher, Nikolai Kolabutin, Ruibo Lei, Josefine Lenz, Anne Morgenstern, Marcel Nicolaus, Uwe Nixdorf, Tomash Petrovsky, Benjamin Rabe, Lasse Rabenstein, Markus Rex, Robert Ricker, Jan Rohde, Egor Shimanchuk, Suman Singha, Vasily Smolyanitsky, Vladimir Sokolov, Tim Stanton, Anna Timofeeva, Michel Tsamados, and Daniel Watkins
The Cryosphere, 14, 2173–2187, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-2173-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-2173-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
In October 2019 the research vessel Polarstern was moored to an ice floe in order to travel with it on the 1-year-long MOSAiC journey through the Arctic. Here we provide historical context of the floe's evolution and initial state for upcoming studies. We show that the ice encountered on site was exceptionally thin and was formed on the shallow Siberian shelf. The analyses presented provide the initial state for the analysis and interpretation of upcoming biogeochemical and ecological studies.
Salar Karam, Céline Heuzé, Mario Hoppmann, and Laura de Steur
Ocean Sci., 20, 917–930, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-20-917-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-20-917-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
A long-term mooring array in the Fram Strait allows for an evaluation of decadal trends in temperature in this major oceanic gateway into the Arctic. Since the 1980s, the deep waters of the Greenland Sea and the Eurasian Basin of the Arctic have warmed rapidly at a rate of 0.11°C and 0.05°C per decade, respectively, at a depth of 2500 m. We show that the temperatures of the two basins converged around 2017 and that the deep waters of the Greenland Sea are now a heat source for the Arctic Ocean.
Ivan Kuznetsov, Benjamin Rabe, Alexey Androsov, Ying-Chih Fang, Mario Hoppmann, Alejandra Quintanilla-Zurita, Sven Harig, Sandra Tippenhauer, Kirstin Schulz, Volker Mohrholz, Ilker Fer, Vera Fofonova, and Markus Janout
Ocean Sci., 20, 759–777, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-20-759-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-20-759-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Our research introduces a tool for dynamically mapping the Arctic Ocean using data from the MOSAiC experiment. Incorporating extensive data into a model clarifies the ocean's structure and movement. Our findings on temperature, salinity, and currents reveal how water layers mix and identify areas of intense water movement. This enhances understanding of Arctic Ocean dynamics and supports climate impact studies. Our work is vital for comprehending this key region in global climate science.
Itzel Ruvalcaba Baroni, Elin Almroth-Rosell, Lars Axell, Sam T. Fredriksson, Jenny Hieronymus, Magnus Hieronymus, Sandra-Esther Brunnabend, Matthias Gröger, Ivan Kuznetsov, Filippa Fransner, Robinson Hordoir, Saeed Falahat, and Lars Arneborg
Biogeosciences, 21, 2087–2132, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2087-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2087-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The health of the Baltic and North seas is threatened due to high anthropogenic pressure; thus, different methods to assess the status of these regions are urgently needed. Here, we validated a novel model simulating the ocean dynamics and biogeochemistry of the Baltic and North seas that can be used to create future climate and nutrient scenarios, contribute to European initiatives on de-eutrophication, and provide water quality advice and support on nutrient load reductions for both seas.
Céline Heuzé, Oliver Huhn, Maren Walter, Natalia Sukhikh, Salar Karam, Wiebke Körtke, Myriel Vredenborg, Klaus Bulsiewicz, Jürgen Sültenfuß, Ying-Chih Fang, Christian Mertens, Benjamin Rabe, Sandra Tippenhauer, Jacob Allerholt, Hailun He, David Kuhlmey, Ivan Kuznetsov, and Maria Mallet
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 5517–5534, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-5517-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-5517-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Gases dissolved in the ocean water not used by the ecosystem (or "passive tracers") are invaluable to track water over long distances and investigate the processes that modify its properties. Unfortunately, especially so in the ice-covered Arctic Ocean, such gas measurements are sparse. We here present a data set of several passive tracers (anthropogenic gases, noble gases and their isotopes) collected over the full ocean depth, weekly, during the 1-year drift in the Arctic during MOSAiC.
Vishnu Nandan, Rosemary Willatt, Robbie Mallett, Julienne Stroeve, Torsten Geldsetzer, Randall Scharien, Rasmus Tonboe, John Yackel, Jack Landy, David Clemens-Sewall, Arttu Jutila, David N. Wagner, Daniela Krampe, Marcus Huntemann, Mallik Mahmud, David Jensen, Thomas Newman, Stefan Hendricks, Gunnar Spreen, Amy Macfarlane, Martin Schneebeli, James Mead, Robert Ricker, Michael Gallagher, Claude Duguay, Ian Raphael, Chris Polashenski, Michel Tsamados, Ilkka Matero, and Mario Hoppmann
The Cryosphere, 17, 2211–2229, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-2211-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-2211-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We show that wind redistributes snow on Arctic sea ice, and Ka- and Ku-band radar measurements detect both newly deposited snow and buried snow layers that can affect the accuracy of snow depth estimates on sea ice. Radar, laser, meteorological, and snow data were collected during the MOSAiC expedition. With frequent occurrence of storms in the Arctic, our results show that
wind-redistributed snow needs to be accounted for to improve snow depth estimates on sea ice from satellite radars.
Ruibo Lei, Mario Hoppmann, Bin Cheng, Marcel Nicolaus, Fanyi Zhang, Benjamin Rabe, Long Lin, Julia Regnery, and Donald K. Perovich
The Cryosphere Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-2023-25, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-2023-25, 2023
Manuscript not accepted for further review
Short summary
Short summary
To characterize the freezing and melting of different types of sea ice, we deployed four IMBs during the MOSAiC second drift. The drifting pattern, together with a large snow accumulation, relatively warm air temperatures, and a rapid increase in oceanic heat close to Fram Strait, determined the seasonal evolution of the ice mass balance. The refreezing of ponded ice and voids within the unconsolidated ridges amplifies the anisotropy of the heat exchange between the ice and the atmosphere/ocean.
Francesca Doglioni, Robert Ricker, Benjamin Rabe, Alexander Barth, Charles Troupin, and Torsten Kanzow
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 225–263, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-225-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-225-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents a new satellite-derived gridded dataset, including 10 years of sea surface height and geostrophic velocity at monthly resolution, over the Arctic ice-covered and ice-free regions, up to 88° N. We assess the dataset by comparison to independent satellite and mooring data. Results correlate well with independent satellite data at monthly timescales, and the geostrophic velocity fields can resolve seasonal to interannual variability of boundary currents wider than about 50 km.
Long Lin, Ruibo Lei, Mario Hoppmann, Donald K. Perovich, and Hailun He
The Cryosphere, 16, 4779–4796, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-4779-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-4779-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Ice mass balance observations indicated that average basal melt onset was comparable in the central Arctic Ocean and approximately 17 d earlier than surface melt in the Beaufort Gyre. The average onset of basal growth lagged behind the surface of the pan-Arctic Ocean for almost 3 months. In the Beaufort Gyre, both drifting-buoy observations and fixed-point observations exhibit a trend towards earlier basal melt onset, which can be ascribed to the earlier warming of the surface ocean.
Vera Fofonova, Tuomas Kärnä, Knut Klingbeil, Alexey Androsov, Ivan Kuznetsov, Dmitry Sidorenko, Sergey Danilov, Hans Burchard, and Karen Helen Wiltshire
Geosci. Model Dev., 14, 6945–6975, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-6945-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-6945-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We present a test case of river plume spreading to evaluate coastal ocean models. Our test case reveals the level of numerical mixing (due to parameterizations used and numerical treatment of processes in the model) and the ability of models to reproduce complex dynamics. The major result of our comparative study is that accuracy in reproducing the analytical solution depends less on the type of applied model architecture or numerical grid than it does on the type of advection scheme.
Amy Solomon, Céline Heuzé, Benjamin Rabe, Sheldon Bacon, Laurent Bertino, Patrick Heimbach, Jun Inoue, Doroteaciro Iovino, Ruth Mottram, Xiangdong Zhang, Yevgeny Aksenov, Ronan McAdam, An Nguyen, Roshin P. Raj, and Han Tang
Ocean Sci., 17, 1081–1102, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-17-1081-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-17-1081-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Freshwater in the Arctic Ocean plays a critical role in the global climate system by impacting ocean circulations, stratification, mixing, and emergent regimes. In this review paper we assess how Arctic Ocean freshwater changed in the 2010s relative to the 2000s. Estimates from observations and reanalyses show a qualitative stabilization in the 2010s due to a compensation between a freshening of the Beaufort Gyre and a reduction in freshwater in the Amerasian and Eurasian basins.
Francesca Doglioni, Robert Ricker, Benjamin Rabe, and Torsten Kanzow
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2021-170, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2021-170, 2021
Manuscript not accepted for further review
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents a new satellite-derived gridded dataset of sea surface height and geostrophic velocity, over the Arctic ice-covered and ice-free regions up to 88° N. The dataset includes velocities north of 82° N, which were not available before. We assess the dataset by comparison to one independent satellite dataset and to independent mooring data. Results show that the geostrophic velocity fields can resolve seasonal to interannual variability of boundary currents wider than about 50 km.
Ruibo Lei, Mario Hoppmann, Bin Cheng, Guangyu Zuo, Dawei Gui, Qiongqiong Cai, H. Jakob Belter, and Wangxiao Yang
The Cryosphere, 15, 1321–1341, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-1321-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-1321-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Quantification of ice deformation is useful for understanding of the role of ice dynamics in climate change. Using data of 32 buoys, we characterized spatiotemporal variations in ice kinematics and deformation in the Pacific sector of Arctic Ocean for autumn–winter 2018/19. Sea ice in the south and west has stronger mobility than in the east and north, which weakens from autumn to winter. An enhanced Arctic dipole and weakened Beaufort Gyre in winter lead to an obvious turning of ice drifting.
Christian Katlein, Lovro Valcic, Simon Lambert-Girard, and Mario Hoppmann
The Cryosphere, 15, 183–198, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-183-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-183-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
To improve autonomous investigations of sea ice optical properties, we designed a chain of multispectral light sensors, providing autonomous in-ice light measurements. Here we describe the system and the data acquired from a first prototype deployment. We show that sideward-looking planar irradiance sensors basically measure scalar irradiance and demonstrate the use of this sensor chain to derive light transmittance and inherent optical properties of sea ice.
Julienne Stroeve, Vishnu Nandan, Rosemary Willatt, Rasmus Tonboe, Stefan Hendricks, Robert Ricker, James Mead, Robbie Mallett, Marcus Huntemann, Polona Itkin, Martin Schneebeli, Daniela Krampe, Gunnar Spreen, Jeremy Wilkinson, Ilkka Matero, Mario Hoppmann, and Michel Tsamados
The Cryosphere, 14, 4405–4426, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-4405-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-4405-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
This study provides a first look at the data collected by a new dual-frequency Ka- and Ku-band in situ radar over winter sea ice in the Arctic Ocean. The instrument shows potential for using both bands to retrieve snow depth over sea ice, as well as sensitivity of the measurements to changing snow and atmospheric conditions.
Jean-Louis Bonne, Hanno Meyer, Melanie Behrens, Julia Boike, Sepp Kipfstuhl, Benjamin Rabe, Toni Schmidt, Lutz Schönicke, Hans Christian Steen-Larsen, and Martin Werner
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 10493–10511, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-10493-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-10493-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
This study introduces 2 years of continuous near-surface in situ observations of the stable isotopic composition of water vapour in parallel with precipitation in north-eastern Siberia. We evaluate the atmospheric transport of moisture towards the region of our observations with simulations constrained by meteorological reanalyses and use this information to interpret the temporal variations of the vapour isotopic composition from seasonal to synoptic timescales.
Stefanie Arndt, Mario Hoppmann, Holger Schmithüsen, Alexander D. Fraser, and Marcel Nicolaus
The Cryosphere, 14, 2775–2793, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-2775-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-2775-2020, 2020
Thomas Krumpen, Florent Birrien, Frank Kauker, Thomas Rackow, Luisa von Albedyll, Michael Angelopoulos, H. Jakob Belter, Vladimir Bessonov, Ellen Damm, Klaus Dethloff, Jari Haapala, Christian Haas, Carolynn Harris, Stefan Hendricks, Jens Hoelemann, Mario Hoppmann, Lars Kaleschke, Michael Karcher, Nikolai Kolabutin, Ruibo Lei, Josefine Lenz, Anne Morgenstern, Marcel Nicolaus, Uwe Nixdorf, Tomash Petrovsky, Benjamin Rabe, Lasse Rabenstein, Markus Rex, Robert Ricker, Jan Rohde, Egor Shimanchuk, Suman Singha, Vasily Smolyanitsky, Vladimir Sokolov, Tim Stanton, Anna Timofeeva, Michel Tsamados, and Daniel Watkins
The Cryosphere, 14, 2173–2187, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-2173-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-2173-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
In October 2019 the research vessel Polarstern was moored to an ice floe in order to travel with it on the 1-year-long MOSAiC journey through the Arctic. Here we provide historical context of the floe's evolution and initial state for upcoming studies. We show that the ice encountered on site was exceptionally thin and was formed on the shallow Siberian shelf. The analyses presented provide the initial state for the analysis and interpretation of upcoming biogeochemical and ecological studies.
Vera Fofonova, Alexey Androsov, Lasse Sander, Ivan Kuznetsov, Felipe Amorim, H. Christian Hass, and Karen H. Wiltshire
Ocean Sci., 15, 1761–1782, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-15-1761-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-15-1761-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
This study is dedicated to tidally induced dynamics in the Sylt-Rømø Bight with a focus on the non-linear component. The tidal residual circulation and asymmetric tidal cycles largely define the circulation pattern, transport and accumulation of sediment, and the distribution of bedforms. The newly obtained high-quality bathymetric data supported the use of high-resolution grids (up to 2 m in the intertidal zone) and elaboration of the details of tidal energy transformation in the domain.
Ivan Kuznetsov, Alexey Androsov, Vera Fofonova, Sergey Danilov, Natalja Rakowsky, Sven Harig, and Karen Helen Wiltshire
Ocean Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/os-2019-103, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-2019-103, 2019
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
Coastal regions play a significant role in global processes. Numerical models are one of the major instruments in understanding ocean dynamics. The main objective of this article is to demonstrate the representativeness of the simulations with the new FESOM-C model by comparing the results with observational data for the southeastern part of the North Sea. An equally important objective is to present the application of convergence analysis of solutions for grids of different spatial resolutions.
Alexey Androsov, Vera Fofonova, Ivan Kuznetsov, Sergey Danilov, Natalja Rakowsky, Sven Harig, Holger Brix, and Karen Helen Wiltshire
Geosci. Model Dev., 12, 1009–1028, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-1009-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-1009-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We present a description of a coastal ocean circulation model designed to work on variable-resolution meshes made of triangular and quadrilateral cells. This hybrid mesh functionality allows for higher numerical performance and less dissipative solutions.
Axel Behrendt, Hiroshi Sumata, Benjamin Rabe, and Ursula Schauer
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 10, 1119–1138, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-1119-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-1119-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Oceanographic data have been collected in the Arctic Ocean over many decades. They were measured by a large variety of platforms. Most of these data are publicly available from the World Ocean Database (WOD). This important online archive, however, does not contain all available modern data and has quality problems in the upper water layers. To enable a quick access to nearly all available temperature and salinity profiles, we compiled UDASH, a complete data archive with a higher quality.
Amelie Driemel, Eberhard Fahrbach, Gerd Rohardt, Agnieszka Beszczynska-Möller, Antje Boetius, Gereon Budéus, Boris Cisewski, Ralph Engbrodt, Steffen Gauger, Walter Geibert, Patrizia Geprägs, Dieter Gerdes, Rainer Gersonde, Arnold L. Gordon, Hannes Grobe, Hartmut H. Hellmer, Enrique Isla, Stanley S. Jacobs, Markus Janout, Wilfried Jokat, Michael Klages, Gerhard Kuhn, Jens Meincke, Sven Ober, Svein Østerhus, Ray G. Peterson, Benjamin Rabe, Bert Rudels, Ursula Schauer, Michael Schröder, Stefanie Schumacher, Rainer Sieger, Jüri Sildam, Thomas Soltwedel, Elena Stangeew, Manfred Stein, Volker H Strass, Jörn Thiede, Sandra Tippenhauer, Cornelis Veth, Wilken-Jon von Appen, Marie-France Weirig, Andreas Wisotzki, Dieter A. Wolf-Gladrow, and Torsten Kanzow
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 9, 211–220, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-9-211-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-9-211-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Our oceans are always in motion – huge water masses are circulated by winds and by global seawater density gradients resulting from different water temperatures and salinities. Measuring temperature and salinity of the world's oceans is crucial e.g. to understand our climate. Since 1983, the research icebreaker Polarstern has been the basis of numerous water profile measurements in the Arctic and the Antarctic. We report on a unique collection of 33 years of polar salinity and temperature data.
M. Fernández-Méndez, C. Katlein, B. Rabe, M. Nicolaus, I. Peeken, K. Bakker, H. Flores, and A. Boetius
Biogeosciences, 12, 3525–3549, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-3525-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-3525-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Photosynthetic production in the central Arctic Ocean is controlled by light availability below the ice, nitrate and silicate concentrations in the upper ocean, and the role of sub-ice algae that contributed up to 60% to primary production in summer 2012 during the record sea-ice minimum. As sea ice decreases, an overall change in Arctic PP would be foremost related to a change in the role of the ice algal production and nutrient availability.
Related subject area
Domain: ESSD – Ocean | Subject: Physical oceanography
IAPv4 ocean temperature and ocean heat content gridded dataset
Probabilistic reconstruction of sea-level changes and their causes since 1900
Global Coastal Characteristics (GCC): a global dataset of geophysical, hydrodynamic, and socioeconomic coastal indicators
Insights from a topo-bathymetric and oceanographic dataset for coastal flooding studies: the French Flooding Prevention Action Program of Saint-Malo
Gap-filling techniques applied to the GOCI-derived daily sea surface salinity product for the Changjiang diluted water front in the East China Sea
A daily reconstructed chlorophyll-a dataset in the South China Sea from MODIS using OI-SwinUnet
Underwater light environment in Arctic fjords
Multiyear surface wave dataset from the subsurface “DeepLev” eastern Levantine moored station
Oceanographic monitoring in Hornsund fjord, Svalbard
SDUST2020MGCR: a global marine gravity change rate model determined from multi-satellite altimeter data
Weekly Green Tide Mapping in the Yellow Sea with Deep Learning: Integrating Optical and SAR Ocean Imagery
Lagrangian surface drifter observations in the North Sea: an overview of high-resolution tidal dynamics and surface currents
The physical and biogeochemical parameters along the coastal waters of Saudi Arabia during field surveys in summer, 2021
A Lagrangian coherent eddy atlas for biogeochemical applications in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre
Catalogue of coastal-based instances with bathymetric and topographic data
Global marine gravity gradient tensor inverted from altimetry-derived deflections of the vertical: CUGB2023GRAD
Reconstruction of hourly coastal water levels and counterfactuals without sea level rise for impact attribution
3D reconstruction of horizontal and vertical quasi-geostrophic currents in the North Atlantic Ocean
Laboratory data linking the reconfiguration of and drag on individual plants to the velocity structure and wave dissipation over a meadow of salt marsh plants under waves with and without current
Exploring multi-decadal time series of temperature extremes in Australian coastal waters
Measurements of morphodynamics of a sheltered beach along the Dutch Wadden Sea
Lagoon hydrodynamics of pearl farming islands: the case of Gambier (French Polynesia)
Oceanographic dataset collected during the 2021 scientific expedition of the Canadian Coast Guard Ship Amundsen
Salinity and Stratification at the Sea Ice Edge (SASSIE): An oceanographic field campaign in the Beaufort Sea
Extension of a high temporal resolution sea level time series at Socoa (Saint-Jean-de-Luz, France) back to 1875
High resolution observations of the ocean upper layer south of Cape São Vicente, western northern margin of the Gulf of Cadiz
Hyperspectral reflectance of pristine, ocean weathered and biofouled plastics from a dry to wet and submerged state
Lagoon hydrodynamics of pearl farming atolls: the case of Raroia, Takapoto, Apataki and Takaroa (French Polynesia)
Measurements of nearshore ocean-surface kinematics through coherent arrays of free-drifting buoys
A Mediterranean drifter dataset
The DTU21 global mean sea surface and first evaluation
A dataset for investigating socio-ecological changes in Arctic fjords
Dataset of depth and temperature profiles obtained from 2012 to 2020 using commercial fishing vessels of the AdriFOOS fleet in the Adriatic Sea
Measurements and modeling of water levels, currents, density, and wave climate on a semi-enclosed tidal bay, Cádiz (southwest Spain)
Wind wave and water level dataset for Hornsund, Svalbard (2013–2021)
Deep-water hydrodynamic observations around a cold-water coral habitat in a submarine canyon in the eastern Ligurian Sea (Mediterranean Sea)
Ocean cross-validated observations from R/Vs L'Atalante, Maria S. Merian, and Meteor and related platforms as part of the EUREC4A-OA/ATOMIC campaign
A global Lagrangian eddy dataset based on satellite altimetry
The sea level time series of Trieste, Molo Sartorio, Italy (1869–2021)
Southern Europe and western Asian marine heatwaves (SEWA-MHWs): a dataset based on macroevents
An evaluation of long-term physical and hydrochemical measurements at the Sylt Roads Marine Observatory (1973–2019), Wadden Sea, North Sea
Annual hydrographic variability in Antarctic coastal waters infused with glacial inflow
Argo salinity: bias and uncertainty evaluation
Improved global sea surface height and current maps from remote sensing and in situ observations
Sea surface height anomaly and geostrophic current velocity from altimetry measurements over the Arctic Ocean (2011–2020)
SDUST2020 MSS: a global 1′ × 1′ mean sea surface model determined from multi-satellite altimetry data
Synoptic observations of sediment transport and exchange mechanisms in the turbid Ems Estuary: the EDoM campaign
A compilation of global bio-optical in situ data for ocean colour satellite applications – version three
Deep-water hydrodynamic observations of two moorings sites on the continental slope of the southern Adriatic Sea (Mediterranean Sea)
Hydrodynamic and hydrological processes within a variety of coral reef lagoons: field observations during six cyclonic seasons in New Caledonia
Lijing Cheng, Yuying Pan, Zhetao Tan, Huayi Zheng, Yujing Zhu, Wangxu Wei, Juan Du, Huifeng Yuan, Guancheng Li, Hanlin Ye, Viktor Gouretski, Yuanlong Li, Kevin E. Trenberth, John Abraham, Yuchun Jin, Franco Reseghetti, Xiaopei Lin, Bin Zhang, Gengxin Chen, Michael E. Mann, and Jiang Zhu
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 3517–3546, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-3517-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-3517-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Observational gridded products are essential for understanding the ocean, the atmosphere, and climate change; they support policy decisions and socioeconomic developments. This study provides an update of an ocean subsurface temperature and ocean heat content gridded product, named the IAPv4 data product, which is available for the upper 6000 m (119 levels) since 1940 (more reliable after ~1955) for monthly and 1° × 1° temporal and spatial resolutions.
Sönke Dangendorf, Qiang Sun, Thomas Wahl, Philip Thompson, Jerry X. Mitrovica, and Ben Hamlington
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 3471–3494, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-3471-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-3471-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Sea-level information from the global ocean is sparse in time and space, with comprehensive data being limited to the period since 2005. Here we provide a novel reconstruction of sea level and its contributing causes, as determined by a Kalman smoother approach applied to tide gauge records over the period 1900–2021. The new reconstruction shows a continuing acceleration in global mean sea-level rise since 1970 that is dominated by melting land ice. Contributors vary significantly by region.
Panagiotis Athanasiou, Ap van Dongeren, Maarten Pronk, Alessio Giardino, Michalis Vousdoukas, and Roshanka Ranasinghe
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 3433–3452, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-3433-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-3433-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The shape of the coast, the intensity of waves, the height of the water levels, the presence of people or critical infrastructure, and the land use are important information to assess the vulnerability of the coast to coastal hazards. Here, we provide 80 indicators of this kind at consistent locations along the global ice-free coastline using open-access global datasets. These can be valuable for quick assessments of the vulnerability of the coast and at data-poor locations.
Léo Seyfried, Laurie Biscara, Héloïse Michaud, Fabien Leckler, Audrey Pasquet, Marc Pezerat, and Clément Gicquel
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 3345–3367, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-3345-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-3345-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In Saint-Malo, France, an initiative to enhance marine submersion prevention began in 2018. Shom conducted an extensive sea campaign, mapping the bay's topography and exploring coastal processes. High-resolution data improve knowledge of the interactions between waves, tide and surge and determine processes responsible for submersion. Beyond science, these findings contribute crucially to a local warning system, providing a tangible solution to protect the community from coastal threats.
Jisun Shin, Dae-Won Kim, So-Hyun Kim, Gi Seop Lee, Boo-Keun Khim, and Young-Heon Jo
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 3193–3211, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-3193-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-3193-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We overcame the limitations of satellite and reanalysis sea surface salinity (SSS) datasets and produced a gap-free gridded SSS product with reasonable accuracy and a spatial resolution of 1 km using a machine learning model. Our data enabled the recognition of SSS distribution and movement patterns of the Changjiang diluted water (CDW) front in the East China Sea (ECS) during summer. These results will further advance our understanding and monitoring of long-term SSS variations in the ECS.
Haibin Ye, Chaoyu Yang, Yuan Dong, Shilin Tang, and Chuqun Chen
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 3125–3147, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-3125-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-3125-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
A deep-learning model for gap-filling based on expected variance was developed. OI-SwinUnet achieves good performance reconstructing chlorophyll-a concentration data on the South China Sea. The reconstructed dataset depicts both the spatiotemporal patterns at the seasonal scale and a fast-change process at the weather scale. Reconstructed data show chlorophyll perturbations of individual eddies at different life stages, giving academics a unique and complete perspective on eddy studies.
Robert W. Schlegel, Rakesh Kumar Singh, Bernard Gentili, Simon Bélanger, Laura Castro de la Guardia, Dorte Krause-Jensen, Cale A. Miller, Mikael Sejr, and Jean-Pierre Gattuso
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 2773–2788, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-2773-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-2773-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Fjords play a vital role in the Arctic ecosystems and human communities. It is therefore important to have as clear of an understanding of the processes within these systems as possible. While temperature and salinity tend to be well measured, light is usually not. The dataset described in this paper uses remotely sensed data from 2003 to 2022 to address this problem by providing high-spatial-resolution surface, water column, and seafloor light data for several well-studied Arctic fjords.
Nir Haim, Vika Grigorieva, Rotem Soffer, Boaz Mayzel, Timor Katz, Ronen Alkalay, Eli Biton, Ayah Lazar, Hezi Gildor, Ilana Berman-Frank, Yishai Weinstein, Barak Herut, and Yaron Toledo
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 2659–2668, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-2659-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-2659-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This paper outlines the process of creating an open-access surface wave dataset, drawing from deep-sea research station observations located 50 km off the coast of Israel. The discussion covers the wave monitoring procedure, from instrument configuration to wave field retrieval, and aspects of quality assurance. The dataset presented spans over 5 years, offering uncommon in situ wave measurements in the deep sea, and addresses the existing gap in wave information within the region.
Meri Korhonen, Mateusz Moskalik, Oskar Głowacki, and Vineet Jain
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-153, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-153, 2024
Revised manuscript accepted for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
Since 2015 temperature and salinity have been monitored in Hornsund fjord in southern Svalbard, where retreating glaciers add meltwater and terrestrial matter into coastal waters. Therefore turbidity and water sampling for suspended sediment concentration and sediment deposition are also included. The monitoring spans from May to October, enabling studies on seasonality and its variability over the years, and it covers the whole fjord including the inner basins in close proximity of glaciers.
Fengshun Zhu, Jinyun Guo, Huiying Zhang, Lingyong Huang, Heping Sun, and Xin Liu
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 2281–2296, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-2281-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-2281-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We used multi-satellite altimeter data to construct a high-resolution marine gravity change rate (MGCR) model on 5′×5′ grids, named SDUST2020MGCR. The spatial distribution of SDUST2020MGCR and GRACE MGCR are similar, such as in the eastern seas of Japan (dipole), western seas of the Nicobar Islands (rising), and southern seas of Greenland (falling). The SDUST2020MGCR can provide a detailed view of long-term marine gravity change, which will help to study the seawater mass migration.
Le Gao, Yuan Guo, and Xiaofeng Li
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-125, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-125, 2024
Revised manuscript accepted for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
Since 2008, the Yellow Sea has faced a concerning ecological issue called the green tide, becoming one of the world's largest marine disasters. Satellite remote sensing, bolstered by artificial intelligence (AI), plays a pivotal role in detecting this phenomenon. Our study utilizes AI models to extract green tide from MODIS and SAR images, achieving promising results. We introduce a continuous weekly dataset spanning 15 years, aiding research in forecasting, and disaster prevention.
Lisa Deyle, Thomas H. Badewien, Oliver Wurl, and Jens Meyerjürgens
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 2099–2112, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-2099-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-2099-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
A dataset from the North Sea of 85 surface drifters from 2017–2021 is presented. Surface drifters enable the analysis of ocean currents by determining the velocities of surface currents and tidal effects. The entire North Sea has not been studied using drifters before, but the analysis of ocean currents is essential, e.g., to understand the pathways of plastic. The results show that there are strong tidal effects in the shallow North Sea area and strong surface currents in the deep areas.
Yasser O. Abualnaja, Alexandra Pavlidou, James H. Churchill, Ioannis Hatzianestis, Dimitris Velaoras, Harilaos Kontoyiannis, Vassilis P. Papadopoulos, Aristomenis P. Karageorgis, Georgia Assimakopoulou, Helen Kaberi, Theodoros Kannelopoulos, Constantine Parinos, Christina Zeri, Dionysios Ballas, Elli Pitta, Vassiliki Paraskevopoulou, Afroditi Androni, Styliani Chourdaki, Vassileia Fioraki, Stylianos Iliakis, Georgia Kabouri, Angeliki Konstantinopoulou, Georgios Krokos, Dimitra Papageorgiou, Alkiviadis Papageorgiou, Georgios Pappas, Elvira Plakidi, Eleni Rousselaki, Ioanna Stavrakaki, Eleni Tzempelikou, Panagiota Zachioti, Anthi Yfanti, Theodore Zoulias, Abdulah Al Amoudi, Yasser Alshehri, Ahmad Alharbi, Hammad Al Sulami, Taha Boksmati, Rayan Mutwalli, and Ibrahim Hoteit
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 1703–1731, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1703-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1703-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We present oceanographic measurements obtained during two surveillance cruises conducted in June and September 2021 in the Red Sea and the Arabian Gulf. It is the first multidisciplinary survey within the Saudi Arabian coastal zone, extending from near the Saudi–Jordanian border in the north of the Red Sea to the south close to the Saudi--Yemen border and in the Arabian Gulf. The objective was to record the pollution status along the coastal zone of the kingdom related to specific pressures.
Alexandra E. Jones-Kellett and Michael J. Follows
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 1475–1501, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1475-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1475-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Ocean eddies can limit horizontal mixing, potentially isolating phytoplankton populations and affecting their concentration. We used two decades of satellite data and computer simulations to identify and track eddy-trapping boundaries in the Pacific Ocean for application in phytoplankton research. Although some eddies trap water masses for months, many continuously mix with surrounding waters. A case study shows how eddy trapping can enhance the signature of a phytoplankton bloom.
Owein Thuillier, Nicolas Le Josse, Alexandru-Liviu Olteanu, Marc Sevaux, and Hervé Tanguy
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-58, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-58, 2024
Revised manuscript accepted for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
Our study unveils a comprehensive catalogue of 17,700 unique coastal Digital Elevation Models (DEMs), derived from the General Bathymetric Chart of the Oceans (GEBCO) as of 2022. These DEMs are designed to support a variety of scientific and educational purposes. Organized into three libraries, they cover a wide range of coastal geometries and different size. Data and custom colour palettes for visualisation are made freely available online, promoting open-science and collaboration.
Richard Fiifi Annan, Xiaoyun Wan, Ruijie Hao, and Fei Wang
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 1167–1176, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1167-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1167-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Gravity gradient tensor, a set of six unique gravity signals, is suitable for detecting undersea features. However, due to poor spatial resolution in past years, it has received less research interest and investment. However, current datasets have better accuracy and resolutions, thereby necessitating a revisit. Our analysis shows comparable results with reference models. We conclude that current-generation altimetry datasets can precisely resolve all six gravity gradients.
Simon Treu, Sanne Muis, Sönke Dangendorf, Thomas Wahl, Julius Oelsmann, Stefanie Heinicke, Katja Frieler, and Matthias Mengel
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 1121–1136, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1121-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1121-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This article describes a reconstruction of monthly coastal water levels from 1900–2015 and hourly data from 1979–2015, both with and without long-term sea level rise. The dataset is based on a combination of three datasets that are focused on different aspects of coastal water levels. Comparison with tide gauge records shows that this combination brings reconstructions closer to the observations compared to the individual datasets.
Sarah Asdar, Daniele Ciani, and Bruno Buongiorno Nardelli
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 1029–1046, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1029-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1029-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Estimating 3D currents is crucial for the understanding of ocean dynamics, and a precise knowledge of ocean circulation is essential to ensure a sustainable ocean. In this context, a new high-resolution (1 / 10°) data-driven dataset of 3D ocean currents has been developed within the European Space Agency World Ocean Circulation project, providing 10 years (2010–2019) of horizontal and vertical quasi-geostrophic currents at daily resolution over the North Atlantic Ocean, down to 1500 m depth.
Xiaoxia Zhang and Heidi Nepf
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 1047–1062, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1047-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1047-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study measured the wave-induced plant drag, flow structure, turbulent intensity, and wave energy attenuation in the presence of a salt marsh. We showed that leaves contribute to most of the total plant drag and wave dissipation. Plant resistance significantly reshapes the velocity profile and enhances turbulence intensity. Adding current obviously impact the plants' wave decay capacity. The dataset can be reused to develop and calibrate marsh-flow theoretical and numerical models.
Michael Hemming, Moninya Roughan, and Amandine Schaeffer
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 887–901, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-887-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-887-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We present new datasets that are useful for exploring extreme ocean temperature events in Australian coastal waters. These datasets span multiple decades, starting from the 1940s and 1950s, and include observations from the surface to the bottom at four coastal sites. The datasets provide valuable insights into the intensity, frequency and timing of extreme warm and cold temperature events and include event characteristics such as duration, onset and decline rates and their categorisation.
Marlies A. van der Lugt, Jorn W. Bosma, Matthieu A. de Schipper, Timothy D. Price, Marcel C. G. van Maarseveen, Pieter van der Gaag, Gerben Ruessink, Ad J. H. M. Reniers, and Stefan G. J. Aarninkhof
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 903–918, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-903-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-903-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
A 6-week field campaign was carried out at a sheltered sandy beach on Texel along the Dutch Wadden Sea with the aim of gaining new insights into the driving processes behind sheltered beach morphodynamics. Detailed measurements of the local hydrodynamics, bed-level changes and sediment composition were collected. The morphological evolution on this sheltered site is the result of the subtle interplay between waves, currents and bed composition.
Oriane Bruyère, Romain Le Gendre, Vetea Liao, and Serge Andréfouët
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 667–679, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-667-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-667-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
During 2019–2020, the lagoon and forereefs of Gambier Island (French Polynesia) were monitored with oceanographic instruments to measure lagoon hydrodynamics and ocean–lagoon water exchanges. Gambier Island is a key black pearl producer and the study goal was to understand the processes influencing spat collection of pearl oyster Pinctada margaritifera, the species used to produce black pearls. The data set is provided to address local pearl farming questions and other investigations as well.
Tahiana Ratsimbazafy, Thibaud Dezutter, Amélie Desmarais, Daniel Amirault, Pascal Guillot, and Simon Morisset
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 471–499, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-471-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-471-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The Canadian Coast Guard Ship has collected oceanographic data across the Canadian Arctic annually since 2003. Such activity aims to support Canadian and international researchers. The ship has several instruments with cutting-edge technology available for research each year during the summer. The data presented here include measurements of physical, chemical and biological variables during the year 2021. Datasets collected from each expedition are available free of charge for the public.
Kyla Drushka, Elizabeth Westbrook, Frederick Bingham, Peter Gaube, Suzanne Dickinson, Severine Fournier, Viviane Menezes, Sidharth Misra, Jaynise Perez, Edwin J. Rainville, Julian Schanze, Carlyn Schmidgall, Andrey Shcherbina, Michael Steele, Jim Thomson, and Seth Zippel
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2023-406, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2023-406, 2024
Revised manuscript accepted for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
The NASA SASSIE mission aims to understand the role of salinity in modifying sea ice formation in early autumn. The 2022 SASSIE campaign collected measurements of upper ocean properties including stratification (layering of the ocean) and air-sea fluxes in the Beaufort Sea. These data are presented here and made publicly available on the NASA Physical Oceanography Distributed Active Archive Center (PO.DAAC) along with code to manipulate the data and generate the figures presented herein.
Md Jamal Uddin Khan, Inge Van Den Beld, Guy Wöppelmann, Laurent Testut, Alexa Latapy, and Nicolas Pouvreau
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 5739–5753, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-5739-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-5739-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Established in the southwest of France in 1875, the Socoa tide gauge is part of the national sea level monitoring network in France. Through a data archaeology exercise, a large part of the records of this gauge in paper format have been rescued and digitized. The digitized data were processed and quality controlled to produce a uniform hourly sea level time series covering 1875 to the present day. This new dataset is important for climate research on sea level rise, tides, and storm surges.
Sarah A. Rautenbach, Carlos Sousa, Mafalda Carapuço, and Paulo Relvas
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2023-436, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2023-436, 2023
Revised manuscript accepted for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
This article presents the data of a four-months observation of the Iberian Margin Cape São Vicente Ocean Observatory, Portugal (2022), a European Multidisciplinary Seafloor and water column Observatory node. Three instruments at depths between 150–200 m collected physical/biogeochemical parameters at different spatial and temporal scale. EMSO-ERIC aims at developing strategies to enable sustainable ocean observation with regards to costs, time, resolution.
Robin V. F. de Vries, Shungudzemwoyo P. Garaba, and Sarah-Jeanne Royer
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 5575–5596, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-5575-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-5575-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We present a high-quality dataset of hyperspectral point and multipixel reflectance observations of virgin, ocean-harvested, and biofouled multipurpose plastics. Biofouling and a submerged scenario of the dataset further extend the variability in open-access spectral reference libraries that are important in algorithm development with relevance to remote sensing use cases.
Oriane Bruyère, Romain Le Gendre, Mathilde Chauveau, Bertrand Bourgeois, David Varillon, John Butscher, Thomas Trophime, Yann Follin, Jérôme Aucan, Vetea Liao, and Serge Andréfouët
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 5553–5573, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-5553-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-5553-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
During 2018–2022, four pearl farming Tuamotu atolls (French Polynesia) were studied with oceanographic instruments to measure lagoon hydrodynamics and ocean-lagoon water exchanges. The goal was to gain knowledge on the processes influencing the spat collection of the pearl oyster Pinctada margaritifera, the species used to produce black pearls. A worldwide unique oceanographic atoll data set is provided to address local pearl farming questions and other fundamental and applied investigations.
Edwin Rainville, Jim Thomson, Melissa Moulton, and Morteza Derakhti
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 5135–5151, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-5135-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-5135-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Measuring ocean waves nearshore is essential for understanding how the waves impact our coastlines. We designed and deployed many small wave buoys in the nearshore ocean over 27 d in Duck, North Carolina, USA, in 2021. The wave buoys measure their motion as they drift. In this paper, we describe multiple levels of data processing. We explain how this dataset can be used in future studies to investigate nearshore wave kinematics, transport of buoyant particles, and wave-breaking processes.
Alberto Ribotti, Antonio Bussani, Milena Menna, Andrea Satta, Roberto Sorgente, Andrea Cucco, and Riccardo Gerin
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 4651–4659, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-4651-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-4651-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Over 100 experiments were realized between 1998 and 2022 in the Mediterranean Sea using surface coastal and offshore Lagrangian drifters. Raw data were initially unified and pre-processed. Then, the integrity of the received data packages was checked and incomplete ones were discarded. Deployment information was retrieved and integrated into the PostgreSQL database. Data were interpolated at defined time intervals, providing a dataset of 158 trajectories, available in different formats.
Ole Baltazar Andersen, Stine Kildegaard Rose, Adili Abulaitijiang, Shengjun Zhang, and Sara Fleury
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 4065–4075, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-4065-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-4065-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The mean sea surface (MSS) is an important reference for mapping sea-level changes across the global oceans. It is widely used by space agencies in the definition of sea-level anomalies as mapped by satellite altimetry from space. Here a new fully global high-resolution mean sea surface called DTU21MSS is presented, and a suite of evaluations are performed to demonstrate its performance.
Robert W. Schlegel and Jean-Pierre Gattuso
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 3733–3746, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3733-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3733-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
A single dataset was created for investigations of changes in the socio-ecological systems within seven Arctic fjords by amalgamating roughly 1400 datasets from a number of sources. The many variables in these data were organised into five distinct categories and classified into 14 key drivers. Data for seawater temperature and salinity are available from the late 19th century, with some other drivers having data available from the 1950s and 1960s and the others starting from the 1990s onward.
Pierluigi Penna, Filippo Domenichetti, Andrea Belardinelli, and Michela Martinelli
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 3513–3527, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3513-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3513-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This work presents the pressure (depth) and temperature profile dataset provided by the AdriFOOS infrastructure in the Adriatic Sea (Mediterranean basin) from 2012 to 2020. Data were subject to quality assurance (QA) and quality control (QC). This infrastructure, based on the ships of opportunity principle and involving the use of commercial fishing vessels, is able to produce huge amounts of useful data both for operational oceanography and fishery biology purposes.
Carmen Zarzuelo, Alejandro López-Ruiz, María Bermúdez, and Miguel Ortega-Sánchez
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 3095–3110, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3095-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3095-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents a hydrodynamic dataset for the Bay of Cádiz in southern Spain, a paradigmatic example of a tidal bay of complex geometry under high anthropogenic pressure. The dataset brings together measured and modeled data on water levels, currents, density, and waves for the period 2012–2015. It allows the characterization of the bay dynamics from intratidal to seasonal scales. Potential applications include the study of ocean–bay interactions, wave propagation, or energy assessments.
Zuzanna M. Swirad, Mateusz Moskalik, and Agnieszka Herman
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 2623–2633, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2623-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2623-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Monitoring ocean waves is important for understanding wave climate and seasonal to longer-term (years to decades) changes. In the Arctic, there is limited freely available observational wave information. We placed sensors at the sea bottom of six bays in Hornsund fjord, Svalbard, and calculated wave energy, wave height and wave period for full hours between July 2013 and February 2021. In this paper, we present the procedure of deriving wave properties from raw pressure measurements.
Tiziana Ciuffardi, Zoi Kokkini, Maristella Berta, Marina Locritani, Andrea Bordone, Ivana Delbono, Mireno Borghini, Maurizio Demarte, Roberta Ivaldi, Federica Pannacciulli, Anna Vetrano, Davide Marini, and Giovanni Caprino
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 1933–1946, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-1933-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-1933-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents the results of the first 2 years of the Levante Canyon Mooring, a mooring line placed since 2020 in the eastern Ligurian Sea, to study a canyon area at about 600 m depth characterized by the presence of cold-water living corals. It provides hydrodynamic and thermohaline measurements along the water column, describing a water-mass distribution coherent with previous evidence in the Ligurian Sea. The data also show a Northern Current episodic and local reversal during summer.
Pierre L'Hégaret, Florian Schütte, Sabrina Speich, Gilles Reverdin, Dariusz B. Baranowski, Rena Czeschel, Tim Fischer, Gregory R. Foltz, Karen J. Heywood, Gerd Krahmann, Rémi Laxenaire, Caroline Le Bihan, Philippe Le Bot, Stéphane Leizour, Callum Rollo, Michael Schlundt, Elizabeth Siddle, Corentin Subirade, Dongxiao Zhang, and Johannes Karstensen
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 1801–1830, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-1801-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-1801-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In early 2020, the EUREC4A-OA/ATOMIC experiment took place in the northwestern Tropical Atlantic Ocean, a dynamical region where different water masses interact. Four oceanographic vessels and a fleet of autonomous devices were deployed to study the processes at play and sample the upper ocean, each with its own observing capability. The article first describes the data calibration and validation and second their cross-validation, using a hierarchy of instruments and estimating the uncertainty.
Tongya Liu and Ryan Abernathey
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 1765–1778, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-1765-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-1765-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Nearly all existing datasets of mesoscale eddies are based on the Eulerian method because of its operational simplicity. Using satellite observations and a Lagrangian method, we present a global Lagrangian eddy dataset (GLED v1.0). We conduct the statistical comparison between two types of eddies and the dataset validation. Our dataset offers relief from dilemma that the Eulerian eddy dataset is nearly the only option for studying mesoscale eddies.
Fabio Raicich
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 1749–1763, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-1749-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-1749-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In the changing climate, long sea level time series are essential for studying the variability of the mean sea level and the occurrence of extreme events on different timescales. This work summarizes the rescue and quality control of the ultra-centennial sea level data set of Trieste, Italy. The whole time series is characterized by a linear trend of about 1.4 mm yr−1, the period corresponding to the altimetry coverage by a trend of about 3.0 mm yr−1, similarly to the global ocean.
Giulia Bonino, Simona Masina, Giuliano Galimberti, and Matteo Moretti
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 1269–1285, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-1269-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-1269-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We present a unique observational dataset of marine heat wave (MHW) macroevents and their characteristics over southern Europe and western Asian (SEWA) basins in the SEWA-MHW dataset. This dataset is the first effort in the literature to archive extremely hot sea surface temperature macroevents. The advantages of the availability of SEWA-MHWs are avoiding the waste of computational resources to detect MHWs and building a consistent framework which would increase comparability among MHW studies.
Johannes J. Rick, Mirco Scharfe, Tatyana Romanova, Justus E. E. van Beusekom, Ragnhild Asmus, Harald Asmus, Finn Mielck, Anja Kamp, Rainer Sieger, and Karen H. Wiltshire
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 1037–1057, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-1037-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-1037-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The Sylt Roads (Wadden Sea) time series is illustrated. Since 1984, the water temperature has risen by 1.1 °C, while pH and salinity decreased by 0.2 and 0.3 units. Nutrients (P, N) displayed a period of high eutrophication until 1998 and have decreased since 1999, while Si showed a parallel increase. Chlorophyll did not mirror these changes, probably due to a switch in nutrient limitation. Until 1998, algae were primarily limited by Si, and since 1999, P limitation has become more important.
Maria Osińska, Kornelia A. Wójcik-Długoborska, and Robert J. Bialik
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 607–616, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-607-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-607-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Water properties, including temperature, conductivity, turbidity and pH as well as the dissolved oxygen, dissolved organic matter, chlorophyll-a and phycoerythrin contents, were investigated in 31 different locations at up to 100 m depth over a period of 38 months in a glacial bay in Antarctica. These investigations were carried out 142 times in all seasons of the year, resulting in a unique dataset of information about seasonal and long-term changes in polar water properties.
Annie P. S. Wong, John Gilson, and Cécile Cabanes
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 383–393, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-383-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-383-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This article describes the instrument bias in the raw Argo salinity data from 2000 to 2021. The main cause of this bias is sensor drift. Using Argo data without filtering out this instrument bias has been shown to lead to spurious results in various scientific applications. We describe the Argo delayed-mode process that evaluates and adjusts such instrument bias, and we estimate the uncertainty of the Argo delayed-mode salinity dataset. The best ways to use Argo data are illustrated.
Maxime Ballarotta, Clément Ubelmann, Pierre Veillard, Pierre Prandi, Hélène Etienne, Sandrine Mulet, Yannice Faugère, Gérald Dibarboure, Rosemary Morrow, and Nicolas Picot
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 295–315, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-295-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-295-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We present a new gridded sea surface height and current dataset produced by combining observations from nadir altimeters and drifting buoys. This product is based on a multiscale and multivariate mapping approach that offers the possibility to improve the physical content of gridded products by combining the data from various platforms and resolving a broader spectrum of ocean surface dynamic than in the current operational mapping system. A quality assessment of this new product is presented.
Francesca Doglioni, Robert Ricker, Benjamin Rabe, Alexander Barth, Charles Troupin, and Torsten Kanzow
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 225–263, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-225-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-225-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents a new satellite-derived gridded dataset, including 10 years of sea surface height and geostrophic velocity at monthly resolution, over the Arctic ice-covered and ice-free regions, up to 88° N. We assess the dataset by comparison to independent satellite and mooring data. Results correlate well with independent satellite data at monthly timescales, and the geostrophic velocity fields can resolve seasonal to interannual variability of boundary currents wider than about 50 km.
Jiajia Yuan, Jinyun Guo, Chengcheng Zhu, Zhen Li, Xin Liu, and Jinyao Gao
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 155–169, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-155-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-155-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The mean sea surface (MSS) is a relative steady-state sea level within a finite period with important applications in geodesy, oceanography, and other disciplines. In this study, the Shandong University of Science and Technology 2020 (SDUST2020), a new global MSS model, was established with a 19-year moving average method from multi-satellite altimetry data. Its global coverage is from 80 °S to 84 °N, the grid size is 1'×1', and the reference period is from January 1993 to December 2019.
Dirk S. van Maren, Christian Maushake, Jan-Willem Mol, Daan van Keulen, Jens Jürges, Julia Vroom, Henk Schuttelaars, Theo Gerkema, Kirstin Schulz, Thomas H. Badewien, Michaela Gerriets, Andreas Engels, Andreas Wurpts, Dennis Oberrecht, Andrew J. Manning, Taylor Bailey, Lauren Ross, Volker Mohrholz, Dante M. L. Horemans, Marius Becker, Dirk Post, Charlotte Schmidt, and Petra J. T. Dankers
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 53–73, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-53-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-53-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This paper reports on the main findings of a large measurement campaign aiming to better understand how an exposed estuary (the Ems Estuary on the Dutch–German border) interacts with a tidal river (the lower Ems River). Eight simultaneously deployed ships measuring a tidal cycle and 10 moorings collecting data throughout a spring–neap tidal cycle have produced a dataset providing valuable insight into processes determining exchange of water and sediment between the two systems.
André Valente, Shubha Sathyendranath, Vanda Brotas, Steve Groom, Michael Grant, Thomas Jackson, Andrei Chuprin, Malcolm Taberner, Ruth Airs, David Antoine, Robert Arnone, William M. Balch, Kathryn Barker, Ray Barlow, Simon Bélanger, Jean-François Berthon, Şükrü Beşiktepe, Yngve Borsheim, Astrid Bracher, Vittorio Brando, Robert J. W. Brewin, Elisabetta Canuti, Francisco P. Chavez, Andrés Cianca, Hervé Claustre, Lesley Clementson, Richard Crout, Afonso Ferreira, Scott Freeman, Robert Frouin, Carlos García-Soto, Stuart W. Gibb, Ralf Goericke, Richard Gould, Nathalie Guillocheau, Stanford B. Hooker, Chuamin Hu, Mati Kahru, Milton Kampel, Holger Klein, Susanne Kratzer, Raphael Kudela, Jesus Ledesma, Steven Lohrenz, Hubert Loisel, Antonio Mannino, Victor Martinez-Vicente, Patricia Matrai, David McKee, Brian G. Mitchell, Tiffany Moisan, Enrique Montes, Frank Muller-Karger, Aimee Neeley, Michael Novak, Leonie O'Dowd, Michael Ondrusek, Trevor Platt, Alex J. Poulton, Michel Repecaud, Rüdiger Röttgers, Thomas Schroeder, Timothy Smyth, Denise Smythe-Wright, Heidi M. Sosik, Crystal Thomas, Rob Thomas, Gavin Tilstone, Andreia Tracana, Michael Twardowski, Vincenzo Vellucci, Kenneth Voss, Jeremy Werdell, Marcel Wernand, Bozena Wojtasiewicz, Simon Wright, and Giuseppe Zibordi
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 5737–5770, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-5737-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-5737-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
A compiled set of in situ data is vital to evaluate the quality of ocean-colour satellite data records. Here we describe the global compilation of bio-optical in situ data (spanning from 1997 to 2021) used for the validation of the ocean-colour products from the ESA Ocean Colour Climate Change Initiative (OC-CCI). The compilation merges and harmonizes several in situ data sources into a simple format that could be used directly for the evaluation of satellite-derived ocean-colour data.
Francesco Paladini de Mendoza, Katrin Schroeder, Leonardo Langone, Jacopo Chiggiato, Mireno Borghini, Patrizia Giordano, Giulio Verazzo, and Stefano Miserocchi
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 5617–5635, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-5617-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-5617-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This work presents the dataset of continuous monitoring in the southern Adriatic Margin, providing a unique observatory of deep-water dynamics. The study area is influenced by episodic dense-water cascading, which is a fundamental process for water renewal and deep-water dynamics. Information about the frequency and intensity variations of these events is observed along a time series. The monitoring activities are still ongoing and the moorings are part of the EMSO-ERIC network.
Oriane Bruyère, Benoit Soulard, Hugues Lemonnier, Thierry Laugier, Morgane Hubert, Sébastien Petton, Térence Desclaux, Simon Van Wynsberge, Eric Le Tesson, Jérôme Lefèvre, Franck Dumas, Jean-François Kayara, Emmanuel Bourassin, Noémie Lalau, Florence Antypas, and Romain Le Gendre
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 5439–5462, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-5439-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-5439-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
From 2014 to 2021, extensive monitoring of hydrodynamics was deployed within five contrasted lagoons of New Caledonia during austral summers. These coastal physical observations encompassed unmonitored lagoons and captured eight major atmospheric events ranging from tropical depression to category 4 cyclone. The main objectives were to characterize the processes controlling hydrodynamics of these lagoons and record the signature of extreme events on land–lagoon–ocean continuum functioning.
Cited articles
Athanase, M., Sennéchael, N., Garric, G., Koenig, Z., Boles, E., and Provost,
C.: New Hydrographic Measurements of the Upper Arctic Western Eurasian Basin
in 2017 Reveal Fresher Mixed Layer and Shallower Warm Layer Than 2005–2012
Climatology, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 124, 1091–1114,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JC014701, 2019. a
Beszczynska-Möller, A., Fahrbach, E., Schauer, U., and Hansen, E.:
Variability in Atlantic water temperature and transport at the entrance to
the Arctic Ocean, 1997–2010, ICES J. Mar. Sci., 69, 852–863,
https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fss056, 2012. a
Biddle, L. C. and Swart, S.: The Observed Seasonal Cycle of Submesoscale
Processes in the Antarctic Marginal Ice Zone, J. Geophys.
Res.-Oceans, 125, e2019JC015587, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JC015587, 2020. a
Bretherton, F. P., Davis, R. E., and Fandry, C. B.: A technique for objective
analysis and design of oceanographic experiments applied to MODE-73, Deep
Sea Research and Oceanographic Abstracts, 23, 559–582,
https://doi.org/10.1016/0011-7471(76)90001-2, 1976. a
Capet, X., McWilliams, J. C., Molemaker, M. J., and Shchepetkin, A. F.:
Mesoscale to submesoscale transition in the California Current system. Part
I: Flow structure, eddy flux, and observational tests, J. Phys.
Oceanogr., 38, 29–43, https://doi.org/10.1175/2007JPO3671.1, 2008. a
Chelton, D. B., DeSzoeke, R. A., Schlax, M. G., El Naggar, K., and Siwertz,
N.: Geographical Variability of the First Baroclinic Rossby Radius of
Deformation, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 28, 433–460,
https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0485(1998)028<0433:GVOTFB>2.0.CO;2, 1998. a
D'Asaro, E., Lee, C., Rainville, L., Harcourt, R., and Thomas, L.: Enhanced
Turbulence and Energy Dissipation at Ocean Fronts, Science, 332, 318–322, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1201515, 2011. a
D'Asaro, E. A.: Observations of small eddies in the Beaufort Sea, J.
Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 93, 6669–6684, https://doi.org/10.1029/JC093iC06p06669,
1988. a
du Plessis, M., Swart, S., Ansorge, I. J., Mahadevan, A., and Thompson, A. F.:
Southern Ocean Seasonal Restratification Delayed by Submesoscale
Wind–Front Interactions, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 49, 1035–1053,
https://doi.org/10.1175/JPO-D-18-0136.1, 2019. a
Fadeev, E., Wietz, M., von Appen, W.-J., Iversen, M. H., Nöthig, E.-M., Engel,
A., Grosse, J., Graeve, M., and Boetius, A.: Submesoscale physicochemical
dynamics directly shape bacterioplankton community structure in space and
time, Limnol. Oceanogr., 66, 2901–2913, https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.11799,
2021. a
Ferrari, R. and Wunsch, C.: Ocean Circulation Kinetic Energy: Reservoirs,
Sources, and Sinks, Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech., 41, 253–282,
https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.fluid.40.111406.102139, 2008. a
Gallaher, S. G., Stanton, T. P., Shaw, W. J., Cole, S. T., Toole, J. M.,
Wilkinson, J. P., Maksym, T., and Hwang, B.: Evolution of a Canada Basin
ice-ocean boundary layer and mixed layer across a developing
thermodynamically forced marginal ice zone, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 121, 6223–6250, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JC011778, 2016. a
Gaube, P., Chelton, D. B., Samelson, R. M., Schlax, M. G., and O'Neill, L. W.:
Satellite observations of mesoscale eddy-induced Ekman pumping, J.
Phys. Oceanogr., 45, 104–132, https://doi.org/10.1175/JPO-D-14-0032.1, 2015. a
Gill, A., Green, J., and Simmons, A.: Energy partition in the large-scale
ocean circulation and the production of mid-ocean eddies, Deep Sea Research and Oceanographic Abstracts, 21, 509–528,
https://doi.org/10.1016/0011-7471(74)90010-2, 1974. a
Gommenginger, C., Chapron, B., Hogg, A., Buckingham, C., Fox-Kemper, B.,
Eriksson, L., Soulat, F., Ubelmann, C., Ocampo-Torres, F., Nardelli, B. B.,
Griffin, D., Lopez-Dekker, P., Knudsen, P., Andersen, O., Stenseng, L.,
Stapleton, N., Perrie, W., Violante-Carvalho, N., Schulz-Stellenfleth, J.,
Woolf, D., Isern-Fontanet, J., Ardhuin, F., Klein, P., Mouche, A., Pascual,
A., Capet, X., Hauser, D., Stoffelen, A., Morrow, R., Aouf, L., Breivik, O.,
Fu, L.-L., Johannessen, J. A., Aksenov, Y., Bricheno, L., Hirschi, J.,
Martin, A. C. H., Martin, A. P., Nurser, G., Polton, J., Wolf, J., Johnsen,
H., Soloviev, A., Jacobs, G. A., Collard, F., Groom, S., Kudryavtsev, V.,
Wilkin, J., Navarro, V., Babanin, A., Martin, M., Siddorn, J., Saulter, A.,
Rippeth, T., Emery, B., Maximenko, N., Romeiser, R., Graber, H., Azcarate,
A. A., Hughes, C. W., Vandemark, D., Silva, J. d., Leeuwen, P. J. V.,
Naveira-Garabato, A., Gemmrich, J., Mahadevan, A., Marquez, J., Munro, Y.,
Doody, S., and Burbidge, G.: SEASTAR: A Mission to Study Ocean Submesoscale
Dynamics and Small-Scale Atmosphere-Ocean Processes in Coastal, Shelf and
Polar Seas, Frontiers in Marine Science, 6, 457, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00457,
2019. a
Hatakeyama, K., Hosono, M., Shimada, K., Kikuchi, T., and Nishino,
S.: JAMSTEC Compact Arctic Drifter (J-CAD): A new Generation drifting buoy
to observe the Arctic Ocean, Journal of the Japan Society for Marine Surveys
and Technology, 13, 1_55–1_68,
https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012JJSMS..13.1.55H (last access: 29 September 2022), 2012. a
Hewitt, C. D., Golding, N., Zhang, P., Dunbar, T., Bett, P. E., Camp, J.,
Mitchell, T. D., and Pope, E.: The Process and Benefits of Developing
Prototype Climate Services – Examples in China, Journal of Meteorological
Research, 34, 893–903, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13351-020-0042-6, 2020. a
Hill, V. J., Light, B., Steele, M., and Zimmerman, R. C.: Light Availability and Phytoplankton Growth Beneath Arctic Sea Ice: Integrating Observations and Modeling, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 123, 3651–3667, https://doi.org/10.1029/2017JC013617, 2018. a
Hoppmann, M., Kuznetsov, I., Fang, Y.-C., and Rabe, B.: Raw seawater
temperature, conductivity and salinity obtained at different depths by CTD
buoy 2019O1 as part of the MOSAiC Distributed Network, PANGAEA [data set],
https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.933934, 2021a. a
Hoppmann, M., Kuznetsov, I., Fang, Y.-C., and Rabe, B.: Raw seawater
temperature, conductivity and salinity obtained at different depths by CTD
buoy 2019O2 as part of the MOSAiC Distributed Network, PANGAEA [data set],
https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.933928, 2021b. a
Hoppmann, M., Kuznetsov, I., Fang, Y.-C., and Rabe, B.: Raw seawater
temperature, conductivity and salinity obtained at different depths by CTD
buoy 2019O3 as part of the MOSAiC Distributed Network, PANGAEA [data set],
https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.933932, 2021c. a
Hoppmann, M., Kuznetsov, I., Fang, Y.-C., and Rabe, B.: Raw seawater
temperature, conductivity and salinity obtained at different depths by CTD
buoy 2019O4 as part of the MOSAiC Distributed Network, PANGAEA [data set],
https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.933933, 2021d. a
Hoppmann, M., Kuznetsov, I., Fang, Y.-C., and Rabe, B.: Raw seawater
temperature, conductivity and salinity obtained at different depths by CTD
buoy 2019O5 as part of the MOSAiC Distributed Network, PANGAEA [data set],
https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.933937, 2021e. a
Hoppmann, M., Kuznetsov, I., Fang, Y.-C., and Rabe, B.: Raw seawater
temperature, conductivity and salinity obtained at different depths by CTD
buoy 2019O6 as part of the MOSAiC Distributed Network, PANGAEA [data set],
https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.933941, 2021f. a
Hoppmann, M., Kuznetsov, I., Fang, Y.-C., and Rabe, B.: Raw seawater
temperature, conductivity and salinity obtained at different depths by CTD
buoy 2019O7 as part of the MOSAiC Distributed Network, PANGAEA [data set],
https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.933939, 2021g. a
Hoppmann, M., Kuznetsov, I., Fang, Y.-C., and Rabe, B.: Raw seawater
temperature, conductivity and salinity obtained at different depths by CTD
buoy 2019O8 as part of the MOSAiC Distributed Network, PANGAEA [data set],
https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.933942, 2021h. a
Hoppmann, M., Kuznetsov, I., Fang, Y.-C., and Rabe, B.: Raw seawater
temperature, conductivity and salinity obtained with CTD buoys as part of the
MOSAiC Distributed Network, PANGAEA [data set], https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.937271,
2021i. a, b, c
Hoppmann, M., Kuznetsov, I., Fang, Y.-C., and Rabe, B.: Processed seawater
temperature, conductivity and salinity obtained at different depths by CTD
buoy 2019O1 as part of the MOSAiC Distributed Network, PANGAEA [data set],
https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.940271, 2022a. a
Hoppmann, M., Kuznetsov, I., Fang, Y.-C., and Rabe, B.: Processed seawater
temperature, conductivity and salinity obtained at different depths by CTD
buoy 2019O2 as part of the MOSAiC Distributed Network, PANGAEA [data set],
https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.940298, 2022b. a
Hoppmann, M., Kuznetsov, I., Fang, Y.-C., and Rabe, B.: Processed seawater
temperature, conductivity and salinity obtained at different depths by CTD
buoy 2019O3 as part of the MOSAiC Distributed Network, PANGAEA [data set],
https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.940282, 2022c. a
Hoppmann, M., Kuznetsov, I., Fang, Y.-C., and Rabe, B.: Processed seawater
temperature, conductivity and salinity obtained at different depths by CTD
buoy 2019O4 as part of the MOSAiC Distributed Network, PANGAEA [data set],
https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.940291, 2022d. a
Hoppmann, M., Kuznetsov, I., Fang, Y.-C., and Rabe, B.: Processed seawater
temperature, conductivity and salinity obtained at different depths by CTD
buoy 2019O5 as part of the MOSAiC Distributed Network, PANGAEA [data set],
https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.940301, 2022e. a
Hoppmann, M., Kuznetsov, I., Fang, Y.-C., and Rabe, B.: Processed seawater
temperature, conductivity and salinity obtained at different depths by CTD
buoy 2019O6 as part of the MOSAiC Distributed Network, PANGAEA [data set],
https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.940296, 2022f. a
Hoppmann, M., Kuznetsov, I., Fang, Y.-C., and Rabe, B.: Processed seawater
temperature, conductivity and salinity obtained at different depths by CTD
buoy 2019O7 as part of the MOSAiC Distributed Network, PANGAEA [data set],
https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.940303, 2022g. a
Hoppmann, M., Kuznetsov, I., Fang, Y.-C., and Rabe, B.: Processed seawater
temperature, conductivity and salinity obtained at different depths by CTD
buoy 2019O8 as part of the MOSAiC Distributed Network, PANGAEA [data set],
https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.940304, 2022h. a
Hoppmann, M., Kuznetsov, I., Fang, Y.-C., and Rabe, B.: Processed data of CTD
buoys 2019O1 to 2019O8 as part of the MOSAiC Distributed Network, PANGAEA [data set],
https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.940320, 2022i. a, b, c
Huang, X., Wang, Z., Zhang, Z., Yang, Y., Zhou, C., Yang, Q., Zhao, W., and
Tian, J.: Role of Mesoscale Eddies in Modulating the Semidiurnal Internal
Tide: Observation Results in the Northern South China Sea, J.
Phys. Oceanogr., 48, 1749–1770, https://doi.org/10.1175/JPO-D-17-0209.1, 2018. a
Ilicak, M., Drange, H., Wang, Q., Gerdes, R., Aksenov, Y., Bailey, D., Bentsen,
M., Biastoch, A., Bozec, A., Boening, C., Cassou, C., Chassignet, E., Coward,
A. C., Curry, B., Danabasoglu, G., Danilov, S., Fernandez, E., Fogli, P. G.,
Fujii, Y., Griffies, S. M., Iovino, D., Jahn, A., Jung, T., Large, W. G.,
Lee, C., Lique, C., Lu, J., Masina, S., Nurser, A. J. G., Roth, C., Salas y
Melia, D., Samuels, B. L., Spence, P., Tsujino, H., Valcke, S., Voldoire, A.,
Wang, X., and Yeager, S. G.: An assessment of the Arctic Ocean in a suite of
interannual CORE-II simulations. Part III: Hydrography and fluxes, Ocean
Model., 100, 141–161, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocemod.2016.02.004, 2016. a
Jackson, K., Wilkinson, J., Maksym, T., Beckers, J., Haas, C., Meldrum, D., and
Mackenzie, D.: A Novel and Low Cost Sea Ice Mass Balance Buoy, J.
Atmos. Ocean. Tech., 30, 2676–2688, https://doi.org/10.1175/jtech-d-13-00058.1, 2013. a
Jakobsson, M., Mayer, L. A., Bringensparr, C., Castro, C. F., Mohammad, R.,
Johnson, P., Ketter, T., Accettella, D., Amblas, D., An, L., Arndt, J. E.,
Canals, M., Casamor, J. L., Chauché, N., Coakley, B., Danielson, S.,
Demarte, M., Dickson, M.-L., Dorschel, B., Dowdeswell, J. A., Dreutter, S.,
Fremand, A. C., Gallant, D., Hall, J. K., Hehemann, L., Hodnesdal, H., Hong,
J., Ivaldi, R., Kane, E., Klaucke, I., Krawczyk, D. W., Kristoffersen, Y.,
Kuipers, B. R., Millan, R., Masetti, G., Morlighem, M., Noormets, R.,
Prescott, M. M., Rebesco, M., Rignot, E., Semiletov, I., Tate, A. J.,
Travaglini, P., Velicogna, I., Weatherall, P., Weinrebe, W., Willis, J. K.,
Wood, M., Zarayskaya, Y., Zhang, T., Zimmermann, M., and Zinglersen, K. B.:
The International Bathymetric Chart of the Arctic Ocean Version 4.0,
Scientific Data, 7, 176, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-020-0520-9, 2020. a
Jochum, M. and Murtugudde, R. (Eds.): Physical Oceanography: Developments Since
1950, 1st Edn., Springer-Verlag New York, https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-33152-2, 2006. a
Kaiser, P., Hagen, W., von Appen, W.-J., Niehoff, B., Hildebrandt, N., and
Auel, H.: Effects of a submesoscale oceanographic filament on zooplankton
dynamics in the Arctic marginal ice zone, Frontiers in Marine Research, 8, 625395,
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.625395, 2021. a
Kikuchi, T., Inoue, J., and Langevin, D.: Argo-type profiling float
observations under the Arctic multiyear ice, Deep-Sea Res. I, 54,
1675–1686, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2007.05.011, 2007. a
Koenig, Z., Provost, C., Villacieros-Robineau, N., Sennechael, N., and Meyer,
A.: Winter ocean-ice interactions under thin sea ice observed by IAOOS
platforms during N-ICE2015: Salty surface mixed layer and active basal melt,
J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 121, 7898–7916,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JC012195, 2016. a
Krumpen, T., Birrien, F., Kauker, F., Rackow, T., von Albedyll, L., Angelopoulos, M., Belter, H. J., Bessonov, V., Damm, E., Dethloff, K., Haapala, J., Haas, C., Harris, C., Hendricks, S., Hoelemann, J., Hoppmann, M., Kaleschke, L., Karcher, M., Kolabutin, N., Lei, R., Lenz, J., Morgenstern, A., Nicolaus, M., Nixdorf, U., Petrovsky, T., Rabe, B., Rabenstein, L., Rex, M., Ricker, R., Rohde, J., Shimanchuk, E., Singha, S., Smolyanitsky, V., Sokolov, V., Stanton, T., Timofeeva, A., Tsamados, M., and Watkins, D.: The MOSAiC ice floe: sediment-laden survivor from the Siberian shelf, The Cryosphere, 14, 2173–2187, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-2173-2020, 2020. a
Lee, C. M., Thomson, J., Team, M. I. Z., and Team, A. S. S.: An Autonomous
Approach to Observing the Seasonal Ice Zone in the Western Arctic,
Oceanography, 30, 56–68, https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2017.222, 2017. a
Lévy, M., Iovino, D., Resplandy, L., Klein, P., Madec, G.,
Tréguier, A.-M., Masson, S., and Takahashi, K.: Large-scale impacts of
submesoscale dynamics on phytoplankton: Local and remote effects, Ocean
Model., 43-44, 77–93, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocemod.2011.12.003, 2012. a
Lévy, M., Franks, P., and Smith, K. S.: The role of submesoscale
currents in structuring marine ecosystems, Nat. Commun., 9, 4758,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-07059-3, 2018. a
Mahadevan, A.: The Impact of Submesoscale Physics on Primary Productivity of
Plankton, Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci., 8, 161–184,
https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-marine-010814-015912, 2016. a
Mahadevan, A., Tandon, A., and Ferrari, R.: Rapid changes in mixed layer
stratification driven by submesoscale instabilities and winds, J.
Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 115, C03017, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JC005203, 2010. a, b
Manley, T. O. and Hunkins, K.: Mesoscale eddies of the Arctic Ocean, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 90, 4911–4930,
https://doi.org/10.1029/JC090iC03p04911, 1985. a
Manucharyan, G. E. and Thompson, A. F.: Submesoscale Sea Ice-Ocean
Interactions in Marginal Ice Zones, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans,
122, 9455–9475, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JC012895, 2017. a
Manucharyan, G. E. and Timmermans, M.-L.: Generation and Separation of
Mesoscale Eddies from Surface Ocean Fronts, J. Phys.
Oceanogr., 43, 2545–2562, https://doi.org/10.1175/JPO-D-13-094.1, 2013. a
Marcinko, C. L., Martin, A. P., and Allen, J. T.: Characterizing horizontal
variability and energy spectra in the Arctic Ocean halocline, J.
Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 120, 436–450, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JC010381,
2015. a
McGillicuddy, D. J.: Mechanisms of Physical-Biological-Biogeochemical
Interaction at the Oceanic Mesoscale, Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci., 8,
125–159, https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-marine-010814-015606, 2016. a
McWilliams, J. C.: Maps from the Mid-Ocean Dynamics Experiment: Part I.
Geostrophic Streamfunction, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 6, 810–827,
https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0485(1976)006<0810:MFTMOD>2.0.CO;2, 1976. a
McWilliams, J. C.: Submesoscale currents in the ocean, P. R. Soc. A, 472, 20160117, https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2016.0117, 2016. a
Nicolaus, M., Hoppmann, M., Arndt, S., Hendricks, S., Katlein, C., Nicolaus,
A., Rossmann, L., Schiller, M., and Schwegmann, S.: Snow Depth and Air
Temperature Seasonality on Sea Ice Derived From Snow Buoy Measurements,
Frontiers in Marine Science, 8, 655446, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.655446,
2021a. a
Nicolaus, M., Riemann-Campe, K., Hutchings, J. K., Granskog, M. A., Krishfield,
R. A., Lei, R., Li, T., Hoppmann, M., and Rabe, B.: Drift trajectories of the
main sites of the Distributed Network of MOSAiC 2019/2020, PANGAEA [data set],
https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.937204, 2021b. a
Nicolaus, M., Perovich, D. K., Spreen, G., Granskog, M. A., von Albedyll, L.,
Angelopoulos, M., Anhaus, P., Arndt, S., Belter, H. J., Bessonov, V.,
Birnbaum, G., Brauchle, J., Calmer, R., Cardellach, E., Cheng, B.,
Clemens-Sewall, D., Dadic, R., Damm, E., de Boer, G., Demir, O., Dethloff,
K., Divine, D. V., Fong, A. A., Fons, S., Frey, M. M., Fuchs, N., Gabarró,
C., Gerland, S., Goessling, H. F., Gradinger, R., Haapala, J., Haas, C.,
Hamilton, J., Hannula, H.-R., Hendricks, S., Herber, A., Heuzé, C.,
Hoppmann, M., Høyland, K. V., Huntemann, M., Hutchings, J. K., Hwang, B.,
Itkin, P., Jacobi, H.-W., Jaggi, M., Jutila, A., Kaleschke, L., Katlein, C.,
Kolabutin, N., Krampe, D., Kristensen, S. S., Krumpen, T., Kurtz, N.,
Lampert, A., Lange, B. A., Lei, R., Light, B., Linhardt, F., Liston, G. E.,
Loose, B., Macfarlane, A. R., Mahmud, M., Matero, I. O., Maus, S.,
Morgenstern, A., Naderpour, R., Nandan, V., Niubom, A., Oggier, M., Oppelt,
N., Pätzold, F., Perron, C., Petrovsky, T., Pirazzini, R., Polashenski, C.,
Rabe, B., Raphael, I. A., Regnery, J., Rex, M., Ricker, R., Riemann-Campe,
K., Rinke, A., Rohde, J., Salganik, E., Scharien, R. K., Schiller, M.,
Schneebeli, M., Semmling, M., Shimanchuk, E., Shupe, M. D., Smith, M. M.,
Smolyanitsky, V., Sokolov, V., Stanton, T., Stroeve, J., Thielke, L.,
Timofeeva, A., Tonboe, R. T., Tavri, A., Tsamados, M., et al.: Overview of
the MOSAiC expedition: Snow and sea ice, Elementa: Science of the
Anthropocene, 10, 000046, https://doi.org/10.1525/elementa.2021.000046, 2022. a
Nixdorf, U., Dethloff, K., Rex, M., Shupe, M., Sommerfeld, A., Perovich, D. K.,
Nicolaus, M., Heuzé, C., Rabe, B., Loose, B., Damm, E., Gradinger, R., Fong,
A., Maslowski, W., Rinke, A., Kwok, R., Spreen, G., Wendisch, M., Herber, A.,
Hirsekorn, M., Mohaupt, V., Frickenhaus, S., Immerz, A., Weiss-Tuider, K.,
König, B., Mengedoht, D., Regnery, J., Gerchow, P., Ransby, D., Krumpen, T.,
Morgenstern, A., Haas, C., Kanzow, T., Rack, F. R., Saitzev, V., Sokolov, V.,
Makarov, A., Schwarze, S., Wunderlich, T., Wurr, K., and Boetius, A.: MOSAiC
Extended Acknowledgement, Zenodo, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5541624, 2021. a
Nurser, A. J. G. and Bacon, S.: The Rossby radius in the Arctic Ocean, Ocean Sci., 10, 967–975, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-10-967-2014, 2014. a, b
Ocean University of China: The Drift-Towing Ocean Profiler,
http://coas.ouc.edu.cn/pogoc/2021/0713/c9714a342585/page.htm (last access: 29 September 2022),
2021. a
Polyakov, I. V., Pnyushkov, A. V., Rember, R., Padman, L., Carmack, E. C., and
Jackson, J. M.: Winter Convection Transports Atlantic Water Heat to the
Surface Layer in the Eastern Arctic Ocean, J. Phys.
Oceanogr., 43, 2142–2155, https://doi.org/10.1175/JPO-D-12-0169.1, 2013. a
Porter, M., Henley, S. F., Orkney, A., Bouman, H. A., Hwang, B., Dumont, E.,
Venables, E. J., and Cottier, F.: A Polar Surface Eddy Obscured by Thermal
Stratification, Geophys. Res. Lett., 47, e2019GL086281,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL086281, 2020. a
Rabe, B., Heuzé, C., Regnery, J., Aksenov, Y., Allerholt, J., Athanase, M.,
Bai, Y., Basque, C., Bauch, D., Baumann, T. M., Chen, D., Cole, S. T., Craw,
L., Davies, A., Damm, E., Dethloff, K., Divine, D. V., Doglioni, F., Ebert,
F., Fang, Y.-C., Fer, I., Fong, A. A., Gradinger, R., Granskog, M. A.,
Graupner, R., Haas, C., He, H., He, Y., Hoppmann, M., Janout, M., Kadko, D.,
Kanzow, T., Karam, S., Kawaguchi, Y., Koenig, Z., Kong, B., Krishfield,
R. A., Krumpen, T., Kuhlmey, D., Kuznetsov, I., Lan, M., Laukert, G., Lei,
R., Li, T., Torres-Valdés, S., Lin, L., Lin, L., Liu, H., Liu, N., Loose,
B., Ma, X., McKay, R., Mallet, M., Mallett, R. D. C., Maslowski, W., Mertens,
C., Mohrholz, V., Muilwijk, M., Nicolaus, M., O’Brien, J. K., Perovich, D.,
Ren, J., Rex, M., Ribeiro, N., Rinke, A., Schaffer, J., Schuffenhauer, I.,
Schulz, K., Shupe, M. D., Shaw, W., Sokolov, V., Sommerfeld, A., Spreen, G.,
Stanton, T., Stephens, M., Su, J., Sukhikh, N., Sundfjord, A., Thomisch, K.,
Tippenhauer, S., Toole, J. M., Vredenborg, M., Walter, M., Wang, H., Wang,
L., Wang, Y., Wendisch, M., Zhao, J., Zhou, M., and Zhu, J.: Overview of the
MOSAiC expedition: Physical oceanography, Elementa: Science of the
Anthropocene, 10, 00062, https://doi.org/10.1525/elementa.2021.00062, 2022. a, b, c
Schulz, K., Mohrholz, V., Fer, I., Janout, M., Hoppmann, M., Schaffer, J., and Koenig, Z.: A full year of turbulence measurements from a drift campaign in the Arctic Ocean 2019–2020, Sci. Data, 9, 472, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-022-01574-1, 2022. a
Shupe, M. D., Rex, M., Blomquist, B., Persson, P. O. G., Schmale, J., Uttal,
T., Althausen, D., Angot, H., Archer, S., Bariteau, L., Beck, I., Bilberry,
J., Bucci, S., Buck, C., Boyer, M., Brasseur, Z., Brooks, I. M., Calmer, R.,
Cassano, J., Castro, V., Chu, D., Costa, D., Cox, C. J., Creamean, J.,
Crewell, S., Dahlke, S., Damm, E., de Boer, G., Deckelmann, H., Dethloff, K.,
Dütsch, M., Ebell, K., Ehrlich, A., Ellis, J., Engelmann, R., Fong, A. A.,
Frey, M. M., Gallagher, M. R., Ganzeveld, L., Gradinger, R., Graeser, J.,
Greenamyer, V., Griesche, H., Griffiths, S., Hamilton, J., Heinemann, G.,
Helmig, D., Herber, A., Heuzé, C., Hofer, J., Houchens, T., Howard, D.,
Inoue, J., Jacobi, H.-W., Jaiser, R., Jokinen, T., Jourdan, O., Jozef, G.,
King, W., Kirchgaessner, A., Klingebiel, M., Krassovski, M., Krumpen, T.,
Lampert, A., Landing, W., Laurila, T., Lawrence, D., Lonardi, M., Loose, B.,
Lüpkes, C., Maahn, M., Macke, A., Maslowski, W., Marsay, C., Maturilli, M.,
Mech, M., Morris, S., Moser, M., Nicolaus, M., Ortega, P., Osborn, J.,
Pätzold, F., Perovich, D. K., Petäjä, T., Pilz, C., Pirazzini, R., Posman,
K., Powers, H., Pratt, K. A., Preußer, A., Quéléver, L., Radenz, M., Rabe,
B., Rinke, A., Sachs, T., Schulz, A., Siebert, H., Silva, T., Solomon, A.,
Sommerfeld, A., et al.: Overview of the MOSAiC expedition – Atmosphere,
Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene, 10, 00060,
https://doi.org/10.1525/elementa.2021.00060, 2022. a
Smith, K. S.: The geography of linear baroclinic instability in Earth's
oceans, J. Mar. Res., 65, 655–683,
https://doi.org/10.1357/002224007783649484, 2007. a, b
Stedmon, C. A., Amon, R. M. W., Bauch, D., Bracher, A., Gonçalves-Araujo, R., Hoppmann, M., Krishfield, R., Laney, S., Rabe, B., Reader, H., and Granskog, M. A.: Insights into Water Mass Circulation and Origins in the Central
Arctic Ocean from in-situ Dissolved Organic Matter Fluorescence, J.
Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 126, e2021JC017407, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JC017407, 2021. a
Steele, M.: UpTempO buoys deployed in the Arctic Ocean in 2017, Arctic Data
Center [data set], https://doi.org/10.18739/A2JS9H85P, 2017. a
Thomas, L. N.: Destruction of Potential Vorticity by Winds, J.
Phys. Oceanogr., 35, 2457–2466, https://doi.org/10.1175/JPO2830.1, 2005. a
Thomas, L. N., Tandon, A., and Mahadevan, A.: Submesoscale Processes and
Dynamics, in: Ocean Modeling in an Eddying Regime, Vol. 177, edited by: Hecht, M. W. and Hasumi, H., Geophysical Monograph Series, American Geophysical Union, https://doi.org/10.1029/177GM04, 2008. a, b
Timmermans, M.-L. and Marshall, J.: Understanding Arctic Ocean Circulation: A
Review of Ocean Dynamics in a Changing Climate, J. Geophys.
Res.-Oceans, 125, e2018JC014378, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JC014378, 2020. a
Timmermans, M.-L., Cole, S., and Toole, J.: Horizontal Density Structure and
Restratification of the Arctic Ocean Surface Layer, J. Phys.
Oceanogr., 42, 659–668, https://doi.org/10.1175/JPO-D-11-0125.1, 2012. a, b
Toole, J., Krishfield, R., Proshutinsky, A., Ashjian, C., Doherty, K., Frye,
D., Hammar, T., Kemp, J., Peters, D., Timmermans, M.-L., von der Heydt, K.,
Packard, G., and Shanahan, T.: Ice-tethered profilers sample the upper Arctic
Ocean, Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union, 87, 434–438,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2006EO410003, 2006.
a, b, c
UNESCO-IOC: Ocean Data Standards Volume 3. Recommendation for a Quality Flag
Scheme for the Exchange of Oceanographic and Marine Meteorological Data,
https://doi.org/10.25607/OBP-6, 2013. a, b
von Appen, W. J., Wekerle, C., Hehemann, L., Schourup-Kristensen, V., Konrad,
C., and Iversen, M. H.: Observations of a Submesoscale Cyclonic Filament in
the Marginal Ice Zone, Geophys. Res. Lett., 45, 6141–6149,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GL077897, 2018. a
von Appen, W.-J., Baumann, T., Janout, M., Koldunov, N., Lenn, Y.-D., Pickart,
R., Scott, R., and Wang, Q.: Eddies and the Distribution of Eddy Kinetic
Energy in the Arctic Ocean, Oceanography, 35,
https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2022.122, 2022. a
Wang, Q., Koldunov, N. V., Danilov, S., Sidorenko, D., Wekerle, C., Scholz, P.,
Bashmachnikov, I. L., and Jung, T.: Eddy Kinetic Energy in the Arctic Ocean
From a Global Simulation With a 1-km Arctic, Geophys. Res. Lett.,
47, e2020GL088550, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL088550, 2020. a, b
Wessel, P. and Smith, W. H. F.: A global, self-consistent, hierarchical,
high-resolution shoreline database, J. Geophys. Res.-Sol.
Ea., 101, 8741–8743, https://doi.org/10.1029/96JB00104, 1996. a
Zhang, X., Dai, H., Zhao, J., and Yin, H.: Generation mechanism of an observed
submesoscale eddy in the Chukchi Sea, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. I, 148, 80–87, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2019.04.015,
2019. a
Zhao, M., Timmermans, M.-L., Cole, S., Krishfield, R., Proshutinsky, A., and
Toole, J.: Characterizing the eddy field in the Arctic Ocean halocline,
J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 119, 8800–8817,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JC010488, 2014. a, b, c
Zhao, M., Timmermans, M.-L., Cole, S., Krishfield, R., and Toole, J.:
Evolution of the eddy field in the Arctic Ocean's Canada Basin, 2005–2015,
Geophys. Res. Lett., 43, 8106–8114,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GL069671, 2016. a, b
Short summary
The role of eddies and fronts in the oceans is a hot topic in climate research, but there are still many related knowledge gaps, particularly in the ice-covered Arctic Ocean. Here we present a unique dataset of ocean observations collected by a set of drifting buoys installed on ice floes as part of the 2019/2020 MOSAiC campaign. The buoys recorded temperature and salinity data for 10 months, providing extraordinary insights into the properties and processes of the ocean along their drift.
The role of eddies and fronts in the oceans is a hot topic in climate research, but there are...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint