Articles | Volume 11, issue 4
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-1655-2019
© Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-1655-2019
© Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
GRUN: an observation-based global gridded runoff dataset from 1902 to 2014
Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zurich,
Universitaetstrasse 16, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
Environmental Remote Sensing Laboratory (LTE), EPFL, 1005 Lausanne,
Switzerland
Vincent Humphrey
Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zurich,
Universitaetstrasse 16, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute
of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
Sonia I. Seneviratne
Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zurich,
Universitaetstrasse 16, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
Lukas Gudmundsson
Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zurich,
Universitaetstrasse 16, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
Related authors
Jinghua Xiong, Abhishek, Li Xu, Hrishikesh A. Chandanpurkar, James S. Famiglietti, Chong Zhang, Gionata Ghiggi, Shenglian Guo, Yun Pan, and Bramha Dutt Vishwakarma
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 4571–4597, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-4571-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-4571-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
To overcome the shortcomings associated with limited spatiotemporal coverage, input data quality, and model simplifications in prevailing evaporation (ET) estimates, we developed an ensemble of 4669 unique terrestrial ET subsets using an independent mass balance approach. Long-term mean annual ET is within 500–600 mm yr−1 with a unimodal seasonal cycle and several piecewise trends during 2002–2021. The uncertainty-constrained results underpin the notion of increasing ET in a warming climate.
Anne-Claire Billault-Roux, Gionata Ghiggi, Louis Jaffeux, Audrey Martini, Nicolas Viltard, and Alexis Berne
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 16, 911–940, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-911-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-911-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Better understanding and modeling snowfall properties and processes is relevant to many fields, ranging from weather forecasting to aircraft safety. Meteorological radars can be used to gain insights into the microphysics of snowfall. In this work, we propose a new method to retrieve snowfall properties from measurements of radars with different frequencies. It relies on an original deep-learning framework, which incorporates knowledge of the underlying physics, i.e., electromagnetic scattering.
Christoph Nathanael von Matt, Regula Muelchi, Lukas Gudmundsson, and Olivia Martius
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 1975–2001, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-1975-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-1975-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The simultaneous occurrence of meteorological (precipitation), agricultural (soil moisture), and hydrological (streamflow) drought can lead to augmented impacts. By analysing drought indices derived from the newest climate scenarios for Switzerland (CH2018, Hydro-CH2018), we show that with climate change the concurrence of all drought types will increase in all studied regions of Switzerland. Our results stress the benefits of and need for both mitigation and adaptation measures at early stages.
Sarah Schöngart, Lukas Gudmundsson, Mathias Hauser, Peter Pfleiderer, Quentin Lejeune, Shruti Nath, Sonia Isabelle Seneviratne, and Carl-Friedrich Schleußner
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-278, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-278, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Precipitation and temperature are two of the most impact-relevant climatic variables. Their joint distribution largely determines the division into climate regimes. Yet, projecting precipitation and temperature data under different emission scenarios relies on complex models that are computationally expensive. In this study, we propose a method that allows to generate monthly means of local precipitation and temperature at low computational costs.
Basil Kraft, Michael Schirmer, William H. Aeberhard, Massimiliano Zappa, Sonia I. Seneviratne, and Lukas Gudmundsson
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-993, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-993, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study uses deep learning to predict spatially contiguous water runoff in Switzerland from 1962–2023. It outperforms traditional models, requiring less data and computational power. Key findings include increased dry years and summer water scarcity. This method offers significant advancements in water monitoring.
Dominik L. Schumacher, Mariam Zachariah, Friederike Otto, Clair Barnes, Sjoukje Philip, Sarah Kew, Maja Vahlberg, Roop Singh, Dorothy Heinrich, Julie Arrighi, Maarten van Aalst, Mathias Hauser, Martin Hirschi, Verena Bessenbacher, Lukas Gudmundsson, Hiroko K. Beaudoing, Matthew Rodell, Sihan Li, Wenchang Yang, Gabriel A. Vecchi, Luke J. Harrington, Flavio Lehner, Gianpaolo Balsamo, and Sonia I. Seneviratne
Earth Syst. Dynam., 15, 131–154, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-15-131-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-15-131-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The 2022 summer was accompanied by widespread soil moisture deficits, including an unprecedented drought in Europe. Combining several observation-based estimates and models, we find that such an event has become at least 5 and 20 times more likely due to human-induced climate change in western Europe and the northern extratropics, respectively. Strong regional warming fuels soil desiccation; hence, projections indicate even more potent future droughts as we progress towards a 2 °C warmer world.
Yann Quilcaille, Lukas Gudmundsson, and Sonia I. Seneviratne
Earth Syst. Dynam., 14, 1333–1362, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-14-1333-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-14-1333-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Climate models are powerful tools, but they have high computational costs, hindering their use in exploring future climate extremes. We demonstrate MESMER-X, the only existing emulator for spatial climate extremes (heatwaves, fires, droughts) that mimics all of their relevant properties. Thanks to its negligible computational cost, MESMER-X may greatly accelerate the exploration of future climate extremes or enable the integration of climate extremes in economic and financial models.
Jinghua Xiong, Abhishek, Li Xu, Hrishikesh A. Chandanpurkar, James S. Famiglietti, Chong Zhang, Gionata Ghiggi, Shenglian Guo, Yun Pan, and Bramha Dutt Vishwakarma
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 4571–4597, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-4571-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-4571-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
To overcome the shortcomings associated with limited spatiotemporal coverage, input data quality, and model simplifications in prevailing evaporation (ET) estimates, we developed an ensemble of 4669 unique terrestrial ET subsets using an independent mass balance approach. Long-term mean annual ET is within 500–600 mm yr−1 with a unimodal seasonal cycle and several piecewise trends during 2002–2021. The uncertainty-constrained results underpin the notion of increasing ET in a warming climate.
Anna L. Merrifield, Lukas Brunner, Ruth Lorenz, Vincent Humphrey, and Reto Knutti
Geosci. Model Dev., 16, 4715–4747, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-4715-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-4715-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Using all Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) models is unfeasible for many applications. We provide a subselection protocol that balances user needs for model independence, performance, and spread capturing CMIP’s projection uncertainty simultaneously. We show how sets of three to five models selected for European applications map to user priorities. An audit of model independence and its influence on equilibrium climate sensitivity uncertainty in CMIP is also presented.
Shruti Nath, Lukas Gudmundsson, Jonas Schwaab, Gregory Duveiller, Steven J. De Hertog, Suqi Guo, Felix Havermann, Fei Luo, Iris Manola, Julia Pongratz, Sonia I. Seneviratne, Carl F. Schleussner, Wim Thiery, and Quentin Lejeune
Geosci. Model Dev., 16, 4283–4313, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-4283-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-4283-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Tree cover changes play a significant role in climate mitigation and adaptation. Their regional impacts are key in informing national-level decisions and prioritising areas for conservation efforts. We present a first step towards exploring these regional impacts using a simple statistical device, i.e. emulator. The emulator only needs to train on climate model outputs representing the maximal impacts of aff-, re-, and deforestation, from which it explores plausible in-between outcomes itself.
Vincent Humphrey and Christian Frankenberg
Biogeosciences, 20, 1789–1811, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1789-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1789-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Microwave satellites can be used to monitor how vegetation biomass changes over time or how droughts affect the world's forests. However, such satellite data are still difficult to validate and interpret because of a lack of comparable field observations. Here, we present a remote sensing technique that uses the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) as a makeshift radar, making it possible to observe canopy transmissivity at any existing environmental research site in a cost-efficient way.
Anne-Claire Billault-Roux, Gionata Ghiggi, Louis Jaffeux, Audrey Martini, Nicolas Viltard, and Alexis Berne
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 16, 911–940, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-911-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-911-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Better understanding and modeling snowfall properties and processes is relevant to many fields, ranging from weather forecasting to aircraft safety. Meteorological radars can be used to gain insights into the microphysics of snowfall. In this work, we propose a new method to retrieve snowfall properties from measurements of radars with different frequencies. It relies on an original deep-learning framework, which incorporates knowledge of the underlying physics, i.e., electromagnetic scattering.
Ryan S. Padrón, Lukas Gudmundsson, Laibao Liu, Vincent Humphrey, and Sonia I. Seneviratne
Biogeosciences, 19, 5435–5448, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5435-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5435-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The answer to how much carbon land ecosystems are projected to remove from the atmosphere until 2100 is different for each Earth system model. We find that differences across models are primarily explained by the annual land carbon sink dependence on temperature and soil moisture, followed by the dependence on CO2 air concentration, and by average climate conditions. Our insights on why each model projects a relatively high or low land carbon sink can help to reduce the underlying uncertainty.
Verena Bessenbacher, Sonia Isabelle Seneviratne, and Lukas Gudmundsson
Geosci. Model Dev., 15, 4569–4596, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-4569-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-4569-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Earth observations have many missing values. They are often filled using information from spatial and temporal contexts that mostly ignore information from related observed variables. We propose the gap-filling method CLIMFILL that additionally uses information from related variables. We test CLIMFILL using gap-free reanalysis data of variables related to soil–moisture climate interactions. CLIMFILL creates estimates for the missing values that recover the original dependence structure.
Lea Beusch, Zebedee Nicholls, Lukas Gudmundsson, Mathias Hauser, Malte Meinshausen, and Sonia I. Seneviratne
Geosci. Model Dev., 15, 2085–2103, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-2085-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-2085-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We introduce the first chain of computationally efficient Earth system model (ESM) emulators to translate user-defined greenhouse gas emission pathways into regional temperature change time series accounting for all major sources of climate change projection uncertainty. By combining the global mean emulator MAGICC with the spatially resolved emulator MESMER, we can derive ESM-specific and constrained probabilistic emulations to rapidly provide targeted climate information at the local scale.
Hong Xuan Do, Fang Zhao, Seth Westra, Michael Leonard, Lukas Gudmundsson, Julien Eric Stanislas Boulange, Jinfeng Chang, Philippe Ciais, Dieter Gerten, Simon N. Gosling, Hannes Müller Schmied, Tobias Stacke, Camelia-Eliza Telteu, and Yoshihide Wada
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 1543–1564, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-1543-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-1543-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We presented a global comparison between observed and simulated trends in a flood index over the 1971–2005 period using the Global Streamflow Indices and Metadata archive and six global hydrological models available through The Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project. Streamflow simulations over 2006–2099 period robustly project high flood hazard in several regions. These high-flood-risk areas, however, are under-sampled by the current global streamflow databases.
Ryan S. Padrón, Lukas Gudmundsson, Dominik Michel, and Sonia I. Seneviratne
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 793–807, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-793-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-793-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We focus on the net exchange of water between land and air via evapotranspiration and dew during the night. We provide, for the first time, an overview of the magnitude and variability of this flux across the globe from observations and climate models. Nocturnal water loss from land is 7 % of total evapotranspiration on average and can be greater than 15 % locally. Our results highlight the relevance of this often overlooked flux, with implications for water resources and climate studies.
Lea Beusch, Lukas Gudmundsson, and Sonia I. Seneviratne
Earth Syst. Dynam., 11, 139–159, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-11-139-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-11-139-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Earth system models (ESMs) are invaluable to study the climate system but expensive to run. Here, we present a statistical tool which emulates ESMs at a negligible computational cost by creating stochastic realizations of yearly land temperature field time series. Thereby, 40 ESMs are considered, and for each ESM, a single simulation is required to train the tool. The resulting ESM-specific realizations closely resemble ESM simulations not employed during training at point to regional scales.
Inne Vanderkelen, Jakob Zschleischler, Lukas Gudmundsson, Klaus Keuler, Francois Rineau, Natalie Beenaerts, Jaco Vangronsveld, and Wim Thiery
Biogeosciences Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2019-267, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2019-267, 2019
Manuscript not accepted for further review
Vincent Humphrey and Lukas Gudmundsson
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 11, 1153–1170, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-1153-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-1153-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Because changes in freshwater availability can impact many natural ecosystems and human activities, it is crucial to better understand long-term changes in the water cycle. This dataset is a reconstruction of past changes in land water storage over the last century, obtained by combining satellite observations with historical weather data. It can be used to investigate both regional changes in freshwater availability or drought frequency and long-term changes in the global water cycle.
Mathias Hauser, Wim Thiery, and Sonia Isabelle Seneviratne
Earth Syst. Dynam., 10, 157–169, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-10-157-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-10-157-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We develop a method to keep the amount of water in the soil at the present-day level, using only local water sources in a global climate model. This leads to less drying over many land areas, but also decreases river runoff. We find that temperature extremes in the 21st century decrease substantially using our method. This provides a new perspective on how land water can influence regional climate and introduces land water management as potential tool for local mitigation of climate change.
Clemens Schwingshackl, Martin Hirschi, and Sonia I. Seneviratne
Earth Syst. Dynam., 9, 1217–1234, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-9-1217-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-9-1217-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Changing amounts of water in the soil can have a strong impact on atmospheric temperatures. We present a theoretical approach that can be used to quantify the effect that soil moisture has on temperature and validate it using climate model simulations in which soil moisture is prescribed. This theoretical approach also allows us to study the soil moisture effect on temperature in standard climate models, even if they do not provide dedicated soil moisture simulations.
Martha M. Vogel, Jakob Zscheischler, and Sonia I. Seneviratne
Earth Syst. Dynam., 9, 1107–1125, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-9-1107-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-9-1107-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Climate change projections of temperature extremes are particularly uncertain in central Europe. We demonstrate that varying soil moisture–atmosphere feedbacks in current climate models leads to an enhancement of model differences; thus, they can explain the large uncertainties in extreme temperature projections. Using an observation-based constraint, we show that the strong drying and large increase in temperatures exhibited by models on the hottest day in central Europe are highly unlikely.
Hong Xuan Do, Lukas Gudmundsson, Michael Leonard, and Seth Westra
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 10, 765–785, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-765-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-765-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
The production of 30 959 daily streamflow time series in the Global Streamflow and Metadata Archive (GSIM) project is presented. The paper also describes the development of three metadata products that are freely available. Having collated an unprecedented number of stations and associated metadata, GSIM can be used to advance large-scale hydrological research and improve understanding of the global water cycle.
Lukas Gudmundsson, Hong Xuan Do, Michael Leonard, and Seth Westra
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 10, 787–804, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-787-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-787-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Time-series indices characterizing streamflow at annual, seasonal and monthly resolution at more than 30 000 stations around the world are presented. The data belong to the Global Streamflow and Metadata Archive (GSIM) and allow for an assessment of water balance components, hydrological extremes and the seasonality of water availability. The quality of the data is tested using automated methods to aid potential users to gauge the suitability of the data for specific applications.
Peter Greve, Lukas Gudmundsson, and Sonia I. Seneviratne
Earth Syst. Dynam., 9, 227–240, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-9-227-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-9-227-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Assessing projected hydroclimatological changes is crucial, but associated with large uncertainties. We statistically assess here the response of precipitation and water availability to global temperature change, enabling us to estimate the significance of drying/wetting tendencies under anthropogenic climate change. We further show that opting for a 1.5 K warming target just slightly influences the mean response but could substantially reduce the risk of experiencing extreme changes.
Richard Wartenburger, Martin Hirschi, Markus G. Donat, Peter Greve, Andy J. Pitman, and Sonia I. Seneviratne
Geosci. Model Dev., 10, 3609–3634, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-3609-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-3609-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
This article analyses regional changes in climate extremes as a function of projected changes in global mean temperature. We introduce the DROUGHT-HEAT Regional Climate Atlas, an interactive tool to analyse and display a range of well-established climate extremes and water-cycle indices and their changes as a function of global warming. Readers are encouraged to use the online tool for visualization of specific indices of interest, e.g. to assess their response to 1.5 or 2 °C global warming.
Sebastian Sippel, Jakob Zscheischler, Miguel D. Mahecha, Rene Orth, Markus Reichstein, Martha Vogel, and Sonia I. Seneviratne
Earth Syst. Dynam., 8, 387–403, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-8-387-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-8-387-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
The present study (1) evaluates land–atmosphere coupling in the CMIP5 multi-model ensemble against an ensemble of benchmarking datasets and (2) refines the model ensemble using a land–atmosphere coupling diagnostic as constraint. Our study demonstrates that a considerable fraction of coupled climate models overemphasize warm-season
moisture-limitedclimate regimes in midlatitude regions. This leads to biases in daily-scale temperature extremes, which are alleviated in a constrained ensemble.
Mathias Hauser, René Orth, and Sonia I. Seneviratne
Geosci. Model Dev., 10, 1665–1677, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-1665-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-1665-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Water in the soil can influence temperature and precipitation of the atmosphere. However, the atmosphere also alters the soil moisture content. Climate model simulations prescribing soil moisture are a means to decouple these relationships. We find that the atmospheric response depends strongly on the method used to fix the soil moisture, as well as on the employed soil moisture data set.
Martin Hirschi and Sonia I. Seneviratne
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 9, 251–258, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-9-251-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-9-251-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Terrestrial water storage comprises all forms of water storage on land surfaces, and its seasonal and inter-annual variations are mostly determined by soil moisture, groundwater, snow cover, and surface water. Soil moisture, especially, contributes to land--atmosphere coupling in an essential way. This paper presents an update of a basin-scale diagnostic dataset of monthly variations in terrestrial water storage for large river basins worldwide.
Lukas Gudmundsson and Sonia I. Seneviratne
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 8, 279–295, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-8-279-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-8-279-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Despite the scientific and societal relevance of freshwater, there are to date no observation-based pan-European runoff estimates available. Here we employ state-of-the-art techniques to estimate monthly runoff rates in Europe. The new data product is based on an unprecedented collection of river flow observations which are combined with atmospheric variables using machine learning. Potential applications of the presented product include climatological assessments and drought monitoring.
Peter Greve, Lukas Gudmundsson, Boris Orlowsky, and Sonia I. Seneviratne
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 2195–2205, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-2195-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-2195-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
The widely used Budyko framework is by definition limited to steady-state conditions. In this study we analytically derive a new, two-parameter formulation of the Budyko framework that represents conditions under which evapotranspiration exceeds precipitation. This is technically achieved by rotating the water supply limit within the Budyko space. The new formulation is shown to be capable to represent first-order seasonal dynamics within the hydroclimatological system.
L. Gudmundsson and S. I. Seneviratne
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 2859–2879, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-2859-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-2859-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Water storages and fluxes on land are key variables in the Earth system. To provide context for local investigations and to understand phenomena that emerge at large spatial scales, information on continental freshwater dynamics is needed. This paper presents a methodology to estimate continental-scale runoff on a 0.5° spatial grid, which combines the advantages of in situ observations with the power of machine learning regression. The resulting runoff estimates compare well with observations.
L. Gudmundsson and S. I. Seneviratne
Proc. IAHS, 369, 75–79, https://doi.org/10.5194/piahs-369-75-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/piahs-369-75-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Recent climate projections suggest changes in European drought frequency, indicating increased drought risk in the south and less droughts in the north. Here we show that a similar change pattern can be identified in the observed record. The results raise the question whether observed changes in European drought frequency are a consequence of anthropogenic climate change.
L. Gudmundsson and S. I. Seneviratne
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hessd-10-13191-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/hessd-10-13191-2013, 2013
Manuscript not accepted for further review
Related subject area
Hydrology
HANZE v2.1: an improved database of flood impacts in Europe from 1870 to 2020
A Copernicus-based evapotranspiration dataset at 100 m spatial resolution over four Mediterranean basins
Gridded dataset of nitrogen and phosphorus point sources from wastewater in Germany (1950–2019)
A globally sampled high-resolution hand-labeled validation dataset for evaluating surface water extent maps
Satellite-based near-real-time global daily terrestrial evapotranspiration estimates
Multivariate characterisation of a blackberry–alder agroforestry system in South Africa: hydrological, pedological, dendrological and meteorological measurements
SHIFT: a spatial-heterogeneity improvement in DEM-based mapping of global geomorphic floodplains
First comprehensive stable isotope dataset of diverse water units in a permafrost-dominated catchment on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau
CAMELS-DE: hydro-meteorological time series and attributes for 1555 catchments in Germany
Lena River biogeochemistry captured by a 4.5-year high-frequency sampling program
Partitioning of water and CO2 fluxes at NEON sites into soil and plant components: a five-year dataset for spatial and temporal analysis
LamaH-Ice: LArge-SaMple DAta for Hydrology and Environmental Sciences for Iceland
High-resolution mapping of monthly industrial water withdrawal in China from 1965 to 2020
Evapotranspiration evaluation using three different protocols on a large green roof in the greater Paris area
Simbi: historical hydro-meteorological time series and signatures for 24 catchments in Haiti
CAMELE: Collocation-Analyzed Multi-source Ensembled Land Evapotranspiration Data
A hydrogeomorphic dataset for characterizing catchment hydrological behavior across the Tibetan Plateau
A synthesis of Global Streamflow Characteristics, Hydrometeorology, and Catchment Attributes (GSHA) for large sample river-centric studies
FOCA: a new quality-controlled database of floods and catchment descriptors in Italy
Dams in the Mekong: a comprehensive database, spatiotemporal distribution, and hydropower potentials
A global dataset of the shape of drainage systems
An extensive spatiotemporal water quality dataset covering four decades (1980–2022) in China
CIrrMap250: Annual maps of China’s irrigated cropland from 2000 to 2020 developed through multisource data integration
Flood simulation with the RiverCure approach: the open dataset of the 2016 Águeda flood event
GloLakes: water storage dynamics for 27 000 lakes globally from 1984 to present derived from satellite altimetry and optical imaging
AltiMaP: altimetry mapping procedure for hydrography data
CAMELS-CH: hydro-meteorological time series and landscape attributes for 331 catchments in hydrologic Switzerland
The use of GRDC gauging stations for calibrating large-scale hydrological models
A long-term dataset of simulated epilimnion and hypolimnion temperatures in 401 French lakes (1959–2020)
GTWS-MLrec: global terrestrial water storage reconstruction by machine learning from 1940 to present
A global 5 km monthly potential evapotranspiration dataset (1982–2015) estimated by the Shuttleworth–Wallace model
A gridded dataset of consumptive water footprints, evaporation, transpiration, and associated benchmarks related to crop production in China during 2000–2018
Hydro-PE: gridded datasets of historical and future Penman–Monteith potential evaporation for the United Kingdom
A global streamflow indices time series dataset for large-sample hydrological analyses on streamflow regime (until 2022)
Soil water retention and hydraulic conductivity measured in a wide saturation range
A high-frequency, long-term data set of hydrology and sediment yield: the alpine badland catchments of Draix-Bléone Observatory
Geospatial dataset for hydrologic analyses in India (GHI): a quality-controlled dataset on river gauges, catchment boundaries and hydrometeorological time series
Lake-TopoCat: a global lake drainage topology and catchment database
Three years of soil moisture observations by a dense cosmic-ray neutron sensing cluster at an agricultural research site in north-east Germany
A long-term monthly surface water storage dataset for the Congo basin from 1992 to 2015
A global database of historic glacier lake outburst floods
Past and future discharge and stream temperature at high spatial resolution in a large European basin (Loire basin, France)
Res-CN (Reservoir dataset in China): hydrometeorological time series and landscape attributes across 3254 Chinese reservoirs
An ensemble of 48 physically perturbed model estimates of the 1∕8° terrestrial water budget over the conterminous United States, 1980–2015
The UKSCAPE-G2G river flow and soil moisture datasets: Grid-to-Grid model estimates for the UK for historical and potential future climates
The enhanced future Flows and Groundwater dataset: development and evaluation of nationally consistent hydrological projections based on UKCP18
RC4USCoast: a river chemistry dataset for regional ocean model applications in the US East Coast, Gulf of Mexico, and US West Coast
Generation of global 1 km daily soil moisture product from 2000 to 2020 using ensemble learning
Panta Rhei benchmark dataset: socio-hydrological data of paired events of floods and droughts
Twelve years of profile soil moisture and temperature measurements in Twente, the Netherlands
Dominik Paprotny, Paweł Terefenko, and Jakub Śledziowski
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 5145–5170, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-5145-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-5145-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Knowledge about past natural disasters can help adaptation to their future occurrences. Here, we present a dataset of 2521 riverine, pluvial, coastal, and compound floods that have occurred in 42 European countries between 1870 and 2020. The dataset contains available information on the inundated area, fatalities, persons affected, or economic loss and was obtained by extensive data collection from more than 800 sources ranging from news reports through government databases to scientific papers.
Paulina Bartkowiak, Bartolomeo Ventura, Alexander Jacob, and Mariapina Castelli
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 4709–4734, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-4709-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-4709-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents the Two-Source Energy Balance evapotranspiration (ET) product driven by Copernicus Sentinel-2 and Sentinel-3 imagery together with ERA5 climate reanalysis data. Daily ET maps are available at 100 m spatial resolution for the period 2017–2021 across four Mediterranean basins: Ebro (Spain), Hérault (France), Medjerda (Tunisia), and Po (Italy). The product is highly beneficial for supporting vegetation monitoring and sustainable water management at the river basin scale.
Fanny J. Sarrazin, Sabine Attinger, and Rohini Kumar
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 4673–4708, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-4673-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-4673-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) contamination of water bodies is a long-term issue due to the long history of N and P inputs to the environment and their persistence. Here, we introduce a long-term and high-resolution dataset of N and P inputs from wastewater (point sources) for Germany, combining data from different sources and conceptual understanding. We also account for uncertainties in modelling choices, thus facilitating robust long-term and large-scale water quality studies.
Rohit Mukherjee, Frederick Policelli, Ruixue Wang, Elise Arellano-Thompson, Beth Tellman, Prashanti Sharma, Zhijie Zhang, and Jonathan Giezendanner
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 4311–4323, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-4311-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-4311-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Global water resource monitoring is crucial due to climate change and population growth. This study presents a hand-labeled dataset of 100 PlanetScope images for surface water detection, spanning diverse biomes. We use this dataset to evaluate two state-of-the-art mapping methods. Results highlight performance variations across biomes, emphasizing the need for diverse, independent validation datasets to enhance the accuracy and reliability of satellite-based surface water monitoring techniques.
Lei Huang, Yong Luo, Jing M. Chen, Qiuhong Tang, Tammo Steenhuis, Wei Cheng, and Wen Shi
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 3993–4019, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-3993-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-3993-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Timely global terrestrial evapotranspiration (ET) data are crucial for water resource management and drought forecasting. This study introduces the VISEA algorithm, which integrates satellite data and shortwave radiation to provide daily 0.05° gridded near-real-time ET estimates. By employing a vegetation index–temperature method, this algorithm can estimate ET without requiring additional data. Evaluation results demonstrate VISEA's comparable accuracy with accelerated data availability.
Sibylle Kathrin Hassler, Rafael Bohn Reckziegel, Ben du Toit, Svenja Hoffmeister, Florian Kestel, Anton Kunneke, Rebekka Maier, and Jonathan Paul Sheppard
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 3935–3948, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-3935-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-3935-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Agroforestry systems (AFSs) combine trees and crops within the same land unit, providing a sustainable land use option which protects natural resources and biodiversity. Introducing trees into agricultural systems can positively affect water resources, soil characteristics, biomass and microclimate. We studied an AFS in South Africa in a multidisciplinary approach to assess the different influences and present the resulting dataset consisting of water, soil, tree and meteorological variables.
Kaihao Zheng, Peirong Lin, and Ziyun Yin
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 3873–3891, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-3873-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-3873-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We develop a globally applicable thresholding scheme for DEM-based floodplain delineation to improve the representation of spatial heterogeneity. It involves a stepwise approach to estimate the basin-level floodplain hydraulic geometry parameters that best respect the scaling law while approximating the global hydrodynamic flood maps. A ~90 m resolution global floodplain map, the Spatial Heterogeneity Improved Floodplain by Terrain analysis (SHIFT), is delineated with demonstrated superiority.
Yuzhong Yang, Qingbai Wu, Xiaoyan Guo, Lu Zhou, Helin Yao, Dandan Zhang, Zhongqiong Zhang, Ji Chen, and Guojun Liu
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 3755–3770, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-3755-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-3755-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We present the temporal data of stable isotopes in different waterbodies in the Beiluhe Basin in the hinterland of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QTP) produced between 2017 and 2022. In this article, the first detailed stable isotope data of 359 ground ice samples are presented. This first data set provides a new basis for understanding the hydrological effects of permafrost degradation on the QTP.
Ralf Loritz, Alexander Dolich, Eduardo Acuña Espinoza, Pia Ebeling, Björn Guse, Jonas Götte, Sibylle K. Hassler, Corina Hauffe, Ingo Heidbüchel, Jens Kiesel, Mirko Mälicke, Hannes Müller-Thomy, Michael Stölzle, and Larisa Tarasova
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-318, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-318, 2024
Revised manuscript accepted for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
The CAMELS-DE dataset features data from 1555 streamflow gauges across Germany, with records spanning from 1951 to 2020. This comprehensive dataset, which includes time series of up to 70 years (median 46 years), enables advanced research on water flow and environmental trends, and supports the development of hydrological models.
Bennet Juhls, Anne Morgenstern, Jens Hölemann, Antje Eulenburg, Birgit Heim, Frederieke Miesner, Hendrik Grotheer, Gesine Mollenhauer, Hanno Meyer, Ephraim Erkens, Felica Yara Gehde, Sofia Antonova, Sergey Chalov, Maria Tereshina, Oxana Erina, Evgeniya Fingert, Ekaterina Abramova, Tina Sanders, Liudmila Lebedeva, Nikolai Torgovkin, Georgii Maksimov, Vasily Povazhnyi, Rafael Gonçalves-Araujo, Urban Wünsch, Antonina Chetverova, Sophie Opfergelt, and Pier Paul Overduin
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-290, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-290, 2024
Revised manuscript accepted for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
The Siberian Arctic is warming fast: permafrost is thawing, river chemistry is changing, and coastal ecosystems are affected. We want to understand changes to the Lena River, a major Arctic river flowing to the Arctic Ocean, by collecting 4.5 years of detailed water data, including temperature and carbon and nutrient contents. This dataset records current conditions and helps us to detect future changes. Explore it at https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.913197 and https://lena-monitoring.awi.de/.
Einara Zahn and Elie Bou-Zeid
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-272, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-272, 2024
Revised manuscript accepted for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
Quantifying water and CO2 exchanges through transpiration, evaporation, photosynthesis, and soil respiration are essential to understand how ecosystems function. We implemented five methods to estimate these fluxes over a five-year period across 47 sites. This is the first dataset representing such a large spatial and temporal coverage of soil and plant exchanges, and it has many potentials applications such as to examine the response of ecosystem to weather extremes and climate change.
Hordur Bragi Helgason and Bart Nijssen
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 2741–2771, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-2741-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-2741-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
LamaH-Ice is a large-sample hydrology (LSH) dataset for Iceland. The dataset includes daily and hourly hydro-meteorological time series, including observed streamflow and basin characteristics, for 107 basins. LamaH-Ice offers most variables that are included in existing LSH datasets and additional information relevant to cold-region hydrology such as annual time series of glacier extent and mass balance. A large majority of the basins in LamaH-Ice are unaffected by human activities.
Chengcheng Hou, Yan Li, Shan Sang, Xu Zhao, Yanxu Liu, Yinglu Liu, and Fang Zhao
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 2449–2464, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-2449-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-2449-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
To fill the gap in the gridded industrial water withdrawal (IWW) data in China, we developed the China Industrial Water Withdrawal (CIWW) dataset, which provides monthly IWWs from 1965 to 2020 at a spatial resolution of 0.1°/0.25° and auxiliary data including subsectoral IWW and industrial output value in 2008. This dataset can help understand the human water use dynamics and support studies in hydrology, geography, sustainability sciences, and water resource management and allocation in China.
Pierre-Antoine Versini, Leydy Alejandra Castellanos-Diaz, David Ramier, and Ioulia Tchiguirinskaia
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 2351–2366, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-2351-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-2351-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Nature-based solutions (NBSs), such as green roofs, have appeared as relevant solutions to mitigate urban heat islands. The evapotranspiration (ET) process allows NBSs to cool the air. To improve our knowledge about ET assessment, this paper presents some experimental measurement campaigns carried out during three consecutive summers. Data are available for three different (large, small, and point-based) spatial scales.
Ralph Bathelemy, Pierre Brigode, Vazken Andréassian, Charles Perrin, Vincent Moron, Cédric Gaucherel, Emmanuel Tric, and Dominique Boisson
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 2073–2098, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-2073-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-2073-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The aim of this work is to provide the first hydroclimatic database for Haiti, a Caribbean country particularly vulnerable to meteorological and hydrological hazards. The resulting database, named Simbi, provides hydroclimatic time series for around 150 stations and 24 catchment areas.
Changming Li, Ziwei Liu, Wencong Yang, Zhuoyi Tu, Juntai Han, Sien Li, and Hanbo Yang
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 1811–1846, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1811-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1811-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Using a collocation-based approach, we developed a reliable global land evapotranspiration product (CAMELE) by merging multi-source datasets. The CAMELE product outperformed individual input datasets and showed satisfactory performance compared to reference data. It also demonstrated superiority for different plant functional types. Our study provides a promising solution for data fusion. The CAMELE dataset allows for detailed research and a better understanding of land–atmosphere interactions.
Yuhan Guo, Hongxing Zheng, Yuting Yang, Yanfang Sang, and Congcong Wen
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 1651–1665, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1651-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1651-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We have provided an inaugural version of the hydrogeomorphic dataset for catchments over the Tibetan Plateau. We first provide the width-function-based instantaneous unit hydrograph (WFIUH) for each HydroBASINS catchment, which can be used to investigate the spatial heterogeneity of hydrological behavior across the Tibetan Plateau. It is expected to facilitate hydrological modeling across the Tibetan Plateau.
Ziyun Yin, Peirong Lin, Ryan Riggs, George H. Allen, Xiangyong Lei, Ziyan Zheng, and Siyu Cai
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 1559–1587, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1559-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1559-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Large-sample hydrology (LSH) datasets have been the backbone of hydrological model parameter estimation and data-driven machine learning models for hydrological processes. This study complements existing LSH studies by creating a dataset with improved sample coverage, uncertainty estimates, and dynamic descriptions of human activities, which are all crucial to hydrological understanding and modeling.
Pierluigi Claps, Giulia Evangelista, Daniele Ganora, Paola Mazzoglio, and Irene Monforte
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 1503–1522, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1503-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1503-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
FOCA (Italian FlOod and Catchment Atlas) is the first systematic collection of data on Italian river catchments. It comprises geomorphological, soil, land cover, NDVI, climatological and extreme rainfall catchment attributes. FOCA also contains 631 peak and daily discharge time series covering the 1911–2016 period. Using this first nationwide data collection, a wide range of applications, in particular flood studies, can be undertaken within the Italian territory.
Wei Jing Ang, Edward Park, Yadu Pokhrel, Dung Duc Tran, and Ho Huu Loc
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 1209–1228, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1209-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1209-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Dams have burgeoned in the Mekong, but information on dams is scattered and inconsistent. Up-to-date evaluation of dams is unavailable, and basin-wide hydropower potential has yet to be systematically assessed. We present a comprehensive database of 1055 dams, a spatiotemporal analysis of the dams, and a total hydropower potential of 1 334 683 MW. Considering projected dam development and hydropower potential, the vulnerability and the need for better dam management may be highest in Laos.
Chuanqi He, Ci-Jian Yang, Jens M. Turowski, Richard F. Ott, Jean Braun, Hui Tang, Shadi Ghantous, Xiaoping Yuan, and Gaia Stucky de Quay
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 1151–1166, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1151-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1151-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The shape of drainage basins and rivers holds significant implications for landscape evolution processes and dynamics. We used a global 90 m resolution topography to obtain ~0.7 million drainage basins with sizes over 50 km2. Our dataset contains the spatial distribution of drainage systems and their morphological parameters, supporting fields such as geomorphology, climatology, biology, ecology, hydrology, and natural hazards.
Jingyu Lin, Peng Wang, Jinzhu Wang, Youping Zhou, Xudong Zhou, Pan Yang, Hao Zhang, Yanpeng Cai, and Zhifeng Yang
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 1137–1149, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1137-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1137-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Our paper provides a repository comprising over 330 000 observations encompassing daily, weekly, and monthly records of surface water quality spanning the period 1980–2022. It included 18 distinct indicators, meticulously gathered at 2384 monitoring sites, ranging from inland locations to coastal and oceanic areas. This dataset will be very useful for researchers and decision-makers in the fields of hydrology, ecological studies, climate change, policy development, and oceanography.
Ling Zhang, Yanhua Xie, Xiufang Zhu, Qimin Ma, and Luca Brocca
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-2, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-2, 2024
Revised manuscript accepted for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
This study outlines the development of annual maps of irrigated cropland in China from 2000 to 2020 (CIrrMap250) by integrating remote sensing data, irrigated area statistics and surveys, and irrigation suitability map. CIrrMap250 showed superior performance than the existing products. CIrrMap250 revealed that China’s irrigated area has increased by about 180,000 km2 from 2000 to 2020, with the majority being water-unsustainable and occurring in regions facing high to severe water stress.
Ana M. Ricardo, Rui M. L. Ferreira, Alberto Rodrigues da Silva, Jacinto Estima, Jorge Marques, Ivo Gamito, and Alexandre Serra
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 375–385, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-375-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-375-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Floods are among the most common natural disasters responsible for severe damages and human losses. Agueda.2016Flood, a synthesis of locally sensed data and numerically produced data, allows complete characterization of the flood event that occurred in February 2016 in the Portuguese Águeda River. The dataset was managed through the RiverCure Portal, a collaborative web platform connected to a validated shallow-water model.
Jiawei Hou, Albert I. J. M. Van Dijk, Luigi J. Renzullo, and Pablo R. Larraondo
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 201–218, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-201-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-201-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The GloLakes dataset provides historical and near-real-time time series of relative (i.e. storage change) and absolute (i.e. total stored volume) storage for more than 27 000 lakes worldwide using multiple sources of satellite data, including laser and radar altimetry and optical remote sensing. These data can help us understand the influence of climate variability and anthropogenic activities on water availability and system ecology over the last 4 decades.
Menaka Revel, Xudong Zhou, Prakat Modi, Jean-François Cretaux, Stephane Calmant, and Dai Yamazaki
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 75–88, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-75-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-75-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
As satellite technology advances, there is an incredible amount of remotely sensed data for observing terrestrial water. Satellite altimetry observations of water heights can be utilized to calibrate and validate large-scale hydrodynamic models. However, because large-scale models are discontinuous, comparing satellite altimetry to predicted water surface elevation is difficult. We developed a satellite altimetry mapping procedure for high-resolution river network data.
Marvin Höge, Martina Kauzlaric, Rosi Siber, Ursula Schönenberger, Pascal Horton, Jan Schwanbeck, Marius Günter Floriancic, Daniel Viviroli, Sibylle Wilhelm, Anna E. Sikorska-Senoner, Nans Addor, Manuela Brunner, Sandra Pool, Massimiliano Zappa, and Fabrizio Fenicia
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 5755–5784, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-5755-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-5755-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
CAMELS-CH is an open large-sample hydro-meteorological data set that covers 331 catchments in hydrologic Switzerland from 1 January 1981 to 31 December 2020. It comprises (a) daily data of river discharge and water level as well as meteorologic variables like precipitation and temperature; (b) yearly glacier and land cover data; (c) static attributes of, e.g, topography or human impact; and (d) catchment delineations. CAMELS-CH enables water and climate research and modeling at catchment level.
Peter Burek and Mikhail Smilovic
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 5617–5629, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-5617-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-5617-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We address an annoying problem every grid-based hydrological model must solve to compare simulated and observed river discharge. First, station locations do not fit the high-resolution river network. We update the database with stations based on a new high-resolution network. Second, station locations do not work with a coarser grid-based network. We use a new basin shape similarity concept for station locations on a coarser grid, reducing the error of assigning stations to the wrong basin.
Najwa Sharaf, Jordi Prats, Nathalie Reynaud, Thierry Tormos, Rosalie Bruel, Tiphaine Peroux, and Pierre-Alain Danis
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 5631–5650, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-5631-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-5631-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We present a regional long-term (1959–2020) dataset (LakeTSim) of daily epilimnion and hypolimnion water temperature simulations in 401 French lakes. Overall, less uncertainty is associated with the epilimnion compared to the hypolimnion. LakeTSim is valuable for providing new insights into lake water temperature for assessing the impact of climate change, which is often hindered by the lack of observations, and for decision-making by stakeholders.
Jiabo Yin, Louise J. Slater, Abdou Khouakhi, Le Yu, Pan Liu, Fupeng Li, Yadu Pokhrel, and Pierre Gentine
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 5597–5615, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-5597-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-5597-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study presents long-term (i.e., 1940–2022) and high-resolution (i.e., 0.25°) monthly time series of TWS anomalies over the global land surface. The reconstruction is achieved by using a set of machine learning models with a large number of predictors, including climatic and hydrological variables, land use/land cover data, and vegetation indicators (e.g., leaf area index). Our proposed GTWS-MLrec performs overall as well as, or is more reliable than, previous TWS datasets.
Shanlei Sun, Zaoying Bi, Jingfeng Xiao, Yi Liu, Ge Sun, Weimin Ju, Chunwei Liu, Mengyuan Mu, Jinjian Li, Yang Zhou, Xiaoyuan Li, Yibo Liu, and Haishan Chen
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 4849–4876, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-4849-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-4849-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Based on various existing datasets, we comprehensively considered spatiotemporal differences in land surfaces and CO2 effects on plant stomatal resistance to parameterize the Shuttleworth–Wallace model, and we generated a global 5 km ensemble mean monthly potential evapotranspiration (PET) dataset (including potential transpiration PT and soil evaporation PE) during 1982–2015. The new dataset may be used by academic communities and various agencies to conduct various studies.
Wei Wang, La Zhuo, Xiangxiang Ji, Zhiwei Yue, Zhibin Li, Meng Li, Huimin Zhang, Rong Gao, Chenjian Yan, Ping Zhang, and Pute Wu
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 4803–4827, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-4803-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-4803-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The consumptive water footprint of crop production (WFCP) measures blue and green evapotranspiration of either irrigated or rainfed crops in time and space. A gridded monthly WFCP dataset for China is established. There are four improvements from existing datasets: (i) distinguishing water supply modes and irrigation techniques, (ii) distinguishing evaporation and transpiration, (iii) consisting of both total and unit WFCP, and (iv) providing benchmarks for unit WFCP by climatic zones.
Emma L. Robinson, Matthew J. Brown, Alison L. Kay, Rosanna A. Lane, Rhian Chapman, Victoria A. Bell, and Eleanor M. Blyth
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 4433–4461, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-4433-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-4433-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This work presents two new Penman–Monteith potential evaporation datasets for the UK, calculated with the same methodology applied to historical climate data (Hydro-PE HadUK-Grid) and an ensemble of future climate projections (Hydro-PE UKCP18 RCM). Both include an optional correction for evaporation of rain that lands on the surface of vegetation. The historical data are consistent with existing PE datasets, and the future projections include effects of rising atmospheric CO2 on vegetation.
Xinyu Chen, Liguang Jiang, Yuning Luo, and Junguo Liu
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 4463–4479, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-4463-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-4463-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
River flow is experiencing changes under the impacts of climate change and human activities. For example, flood events are occurring more often and are more destructive in many places worldwide. To deal with such issues, hydrologists endeavor to understand the features of extreme events as well as other hydrological changes. One key approach is analyzing flow characteristics, represented by hydrological indices. Building such a comprehensive global large-sample dataset is essential.
Tobias L. Hohenbrink, Conrad Jackisch, Wolfgang Durner, Kai Germer, Sascha C. Iden, Janis Kreiselmeier, Frederic Leuther, Johanna C. Metzger, Mahyar Naseri, and Andre Peters
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 4417–4432, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-4417-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-4417-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The article describes a collection of 572 data sets of soil water retention and unsaturated hydraulic conductivity data measured with state-of-the-art laboratory methods. Furthermore, the data collection contains basic soil properties such as soil texture and organic carbon content. We expect that the data will be useful for various important purposes, for example, the development of soil hydraulic property models and related pedotransfer functions.
Sebastien Klotz, Caroline Le Bouteiller, Nicolle Mathys, Firmin Fontaine, Xavier Ravanat, Jean-Emmanuel Olivier, Frédéric Liébault, Hugo Jantzi, Patrick Coulmeau, Didier Richard, Jean-Pierre Cambon, and Maurice Meunier
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 4371–4388, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-4371-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-4371-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Mountain badlands are places of intense erosion. They deliver large amounts of sediment to river systems, with consequences for hydropower sustainability, habitat quality and biodiversity, and flood hazard and river management. Draix-Bleone Observatory was created in 1983 to understand and quantify sediment delivery from such badland areas. Our paper describes how water and sediment fluxes have been monitored for almost 40 years in the small mountain catchments of this observatory.
Gopi Goteti
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 4389–4415, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-4389-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-4389-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Data on river gauging stations, river basin boundaries and river flow paths are critical for hydrological analyses, but existing data for India's river basins have limited availability and reliability. This work fills the gap by building a new dataset. Data for 645 stations in 15 basins of India were compiled and checked against global data sources; data were supplemented with additional information where needed. This dataset will serve as a reliable building block in hydrological analyses.
Md Safat Sikder, Jida Wang, George H. Allen, Yongwei Sheng, Dai Yamazaki, Chunqiao Song, Meng Ding, Jean-François Crétaux, and Tamlin M. Pavelsky
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 3483–3511, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3483-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3483-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We introduce Lake-TopoCat to reveal detailed lake hydrography information. It contains the location of lake outlets, the boundary of lake catchments, and a wide suite of attributes that depict detailed lake drainage relationships. It was constructed using lake boundaries from a global lake dataset, with the help of high-resolution hydrography data. This database may facilitate a variety of applications including water quality, agriculture and fisheries, and integrated lake–river modeling.
Maik Heistermann, Till Francke, Lena Scheiffele, Katya Dimitrova Petrova, Christian Budach, Martin Schrön, Benjamin Trost, Daniel Rasche, Andreas Güntner, Veronika Döpper, Michael Förster, Markus Köhli, Lisa Angermann, Nikolaos Antonoglou, Manuela Zude-Sasse, and Sascha E. Oswald
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 3243–3262, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3243-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3243-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Cosmic-ray neutron sensing (CRNS) allows for the non-invasive estimation of root-zone soil water content (SWC). The signal observed by a single CRNS sensor is influenced by the SWC in a radius of around 150 m (the footprint). Here, we have put together a cluster of eight CRNS sensors with overlapping footprints at an agricultural research site in north-east Germany. That way, we hope to represent spatial SWC heterogeneity instead of retrieving just one average SWC estimate from a single sensor.
Benjamin M. Kitambo, Fabrice Papa, Adrien Paris, Raphael M. Tshimanga, Frederic Frappart, Stephane Calmant, Omid Elmi, Ayan Santos Fleischmann, Melanie Becker, Mohammad J. Tourian, Rômulo A. Jucá Oliveira, and Sly Wongchuig
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 2957–2982, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2957-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2957-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The surface water storage (SWS) in the Congo River basin (CB) remains unknown. In this study, the multi-satellite and hypsometric curve approaches are used to estimate SWS in the CB over 1992–2015. The results provide monthly SWS characterized by strong variability with an annual mean amplitude of ~101 ± 23 km3. The evaluation of SWS against independent datasets performed well. This SWS dataset contributes to the better understanding of the Congo basin’s surface hydrology using remote sensing.
Natalie Lützow, Georg Veh, and Oliver Korup
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 2983–3000, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2983-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2983-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Glacier lake outburst floods (GLOFs) are a prominent natural hazard, and climate change may change their magnitude, frequency, and impacts. A global, literature-based GLOF inventory is introduced, entailing 3151 reported GLOFs. The reporting density varies temporally and regionally, with most cases occurring in NW North America. Since 1900, the number of yearly documented GLOFs has increased 6-fold. However, many GLOFs have incomplete records, and we call for a systematic reporting protocol.
Hanieh Seyedhashemi, Florentina Moatar, Jean-Philippe Vidal, and Dominique Thiéry
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 2827–2839, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2827-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2827-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents a past and future dataset of daily time series of discharge and stream temperature for 52 278 reaches over the Loire River basin (100 000 km2) in France, using thermal and hydrological models. Past data are provided over 1963–2019. Future data are available over the 1976–2100 period under different future climate change models (warm and wet, intermediate, and hot and dry) and scenarios (optimistic, intermediate, and pessimistic).
Youjiang Shen, Karina Nielsen, Menaka Revel, Dedi Liu, and Dai Yamazaki
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 2781–2808, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2781-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2781-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Res-CN fills a gap in a comprehensive and extensive dataset of reservoir-catchment characteristics for 3254 Chinese reservoirs with 512 catchment-level attributes and significantly enhanced spatial and temporal coverage (e.g., 67 % increase in water level and 225 % in storage anomaly) of time series of reservoir water level (data available for 20 % of 3254 reservoirs), water area (99 %), storage anomaly (92 %), and evaporation (98 %), supporting a wide range of applications and disciplines.
Hui Zheng, Wenli Fei, Zong-Liang Yang, Jiangfeng Wei, Long Zhao, Lingcheng Li, and Shu Wang
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 2755–2780, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2755-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2755-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
An ensemble of evapotranspiration, runoff, and water storage is estimated here using the Noah-MP land surface model by perturbing model parameterization schemes. The data could be beneficial for monitoring and understanding the variability of water resources. Model developers could also gain insights by intercomparing the ensemble members.
Alison L. Kay, Victoria A. Bell, Helen N. Davies, Rosanna A. Lane, and Alison C. Rudd
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 2533–2546, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2533-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2533-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Climate change will affect the water cycle, including river flows and soil moisture. We have used both observational data (1980–2011) and the latest UK climate projections (1980–2080) to drive a national-scale grid-based hydrological model. The data, covering Great Britain and Northern Ireland, suggest potential future decreases in summer flows, low flows, and summer/autumn soil moisture, and possible future increases in winter and high flows. Society must plan how to adapt to such impacts.
Jamie Hannaford, Jonathan D. Mackay, Matthew Ascott, Victoria A. Bell, Thomas Chitson, Steven Cole, Christian Counsell, Mason Durant, Christopher R. Jackson, Alison L. Kay, Rosanna A. Lane, Majdi Mansour, Robert Moore, Simon Parry, Alison C. Rudd, Michael Simpson, Katie Facer-Childs, Stephen Turner, John R. Wallbank, Steven Wells, and Amy Wilcox
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 2391–2415, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2391-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2391-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The eFLaG dataset is a nationally consistent set of projections of future climate change impacts on hydrology. eFLaG uses the latest available UK climate projections (UKCP18) run through a series of computer simulation models which enable us to produce future projections of river flows, groundwater levels and groundwater recharge. These simulations are designed for use by water resource planners and managers but could also be used for a wide range of other purposes.
Fabian A. Gomez, Sang-Ki Lee, Charles A. Stock, Andrew C. Ross, Laure Resplandy, Samantha A. Siedlecki, Filippos Tagklis, and Joseph E. Salisbury
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 2223–2234, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2223-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2223-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We present a river chemistry and discharge dataset for 140 rivers in the United States, which integrates information from the Water Quality Database of the US Geological Survey (USGS), the USGS’s Surface-Water Monthly Statistics for the Nation, and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. This dataset includes dissolved inorganic carbon and alkalinity, two key properties to characterize the carbonate system, as well as nutrient concentrations, such as nitrate, phosphate, and silica.
Yufang Zhang, Shunlin Liang, Han Ma, Tao He, Qian Wang, Bing Li, Jianglei Xu, Guodong Zhang, Xiaobang Liu, and Changhao Xiong
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 2055–2079, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2055-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2055-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Soil moisture observations are important for a range of earth system applications. This study generated a long-term (2000–2020) global seamless soil moisture product with both high spatial and temporal resolutions (1 km, daily) using an XGBoost model and multisource datasets. Evaluation of this product against dense in situ soil moisture datasets and microwave soil moisture products showed that this product has reliable accuracy and more complete spatial coverage.
Heidi Kreibich, Kai Schröter, Giuliano Di Baldassarre, Anne F. Van Loon, Maurizio Mazzoleni, Guta Wakbulcho Abeshu, Svetlana Agafonova, Amir AghaKouchak, Hafzullah Aksoy, Camila Alvarez-Garreton, Blanca Aznar, Laila Balkhi, Marlies H. Barendrecht, Sylvain Biancamaria, Liduin Bos-Burgering, Chris Bradley, Yus Budiyono, Wouter Buytaert, Lucinda Capewell, Hayley Carlson, Yonca Cavus, Anaïs Couasnon, Gemma Coxon, Ioannis Daliakopoulos, Marleen C. de Ruiter, Claire Delus, Mathilde Erfurt, Giuseppe Esposito, Didier François, Frédéric Frappart, Jim Freer, Natalia Frolova, Animesh K. Gain, Manolis Grillakis, Jordi Oriol Grima, Diego A. Guzmán, Laurie S. Huning, Monica Ionita, Maxim Kharlamov, Dao Nguyen Khoi, Natalie Kieboom, Maria Kireeva, Aristeidis Koutroulis, Waldo Lavado-Casimiro, Hong-Yi Li, Maria Carmen LLasat, David Macdonald, Johanna Mård, Hannah Mathew-Richards, Andrew McKenzie, Alfonso Mejia, Eduardo Mario Mendiondo, Marjolein Mens, Shifteh Mobini, Guilherme Samprogna Mohor, Viorica Nagavciuc, Thanh Ngo-Duc, Huynh Thi Thao Nguyen, Pham Thi Thao Nhi, Olga Petrucci, Nguyen Hong Quan, Pere Quintana-Seguí, Saman Razavi, Elena Ridolfi, Jannik Riegel, Md Shibly Sadik, Nivedita Sairam, Elisa Savelli, Alexey Sazonov, Sanjib Sharma, Johanna Sörensen, Felipe Augusto Arguello Souza, Kerstin Stahl, Max Steinhausen, Michael Stoelzle, Wiwiana Szalińska, Qiuhong Tang, Fuqiang Tian, Tamara Tokarczyk, Carolina Tovar, Thi Van Thu Tran, Marjolein H. J. van Huijgevoort, Michelle T. H. van Vliet, Sergiy Vorogushyn, Thorsten Wagener, Yueling Wang, Doris E. Wendt, Elliot Wickham, Long Yang, Mauricio Zambrano-Bigiarini, and Philip J. Ward
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 2009–2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2009-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2009-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
As the adverse impacts of hydrological extremes increase in many regions of the world, a better understanding of the drivers of changes in risk and impacts is essential for effective flood and drought risk management. We present a dataset containing data of paired events, i.e. two floods or two droughts that occurred in the same area. The dataset enables comparative analyses and allows detailed context-specific assessments. Additionally, it supports the testing of socio-hydrological models.
Rogier van der Velde, Harm-Jan F. Benninga, Bas Retsios, Paul C. Vermunt, and M. Suhyb Salama
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 1889–1910, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-1889-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-1889-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
From 2009, a network of 20 profile soil moisture and temperature monitoring stations has been operational in the Twente region, east of the Netherlands. In addition, field campaigns have been conducted covering four growing seasons during which soil moisture was measured near 12 monitoring stations. We describe the monitoring network and field campaigns, and we provide an overview of open third-party datasets that may support the use of the Twente datasets.
Cited articles
Alter, R. E., Fan, Y., Lintner, B. R., and Weaver, C. P.: Observational
Evidence that Great Plains Irrigation Has Enhanced Summer Precipitation
Intensity and Totals in the Midwestern United States, J. Hydrometeorol.,
16, 1717–1735, https://doi.org/10.1175/jhm-d-14-0115.1, 2015.
Arheimer, B., Donnelly, C., and Lindström, G.: Regulation of snow-fed
rivers affects flow regimes more than climate change, Nat. Commun., 8, 62,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-017-00092-8, 2017.
Bierkens, M. F. P. and van Beek, L. P. H.: Seasonal Predictability of
European Discharge: NAO and Hydrological Response Time, J. Hydrometeorol.,
10, 953–968, https://doi.org/10.1175/2009JHM1034.1, 2009.
Blöschl, G., Sivapalan, M., Wagener, T., Viglione, A., and Savenije, H.:
Runoff Prediction in Ungauged Basins: Synthesis Across Processes, Places and
Scales, Cambridge University Press, 2013.
Blöschl, G., Hall, J., Parajka, J., Perdigão, R. A. P., Merz, B.,
Arheimer, B., Aronica, G. T., Bilibashi, A., Bonacci, O., Borga, M.,
Čanjevac, I., Castellarin, A., Chirico, G. B., Claps, P., Fiala, K.,
Frolova, N., Gorbachova, L., Gül, A., Hannaford, J., Harrigan, S.,
Kireeva, M., Kiss, A., Kjeldsen, T. R., Kohnová, S., Koskela, J. J.,
Ledvinka, O., Macdonald, N., Mavrova-Guirguinova, M., Mediero, L., Merz, R.,
Molnar, P., Montanari, A., Murphy, C., Osuch, M., Ovcharuk, V., Radevski,
I., Rogger, M., Salinas, J. L., Sauquet, E., Šraj, M., Szolgay, J.,
Viglione, A., Volpi, E., Wilson, D., Zaimi, K., and Živković, N.:
Changing climate shifts timing of European floods, Science, 357,
588–590, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aan2506, 2017.
Bouwer, L. M., Vermaat, J. E., and Aerts, J. C. J. H.: Winter atmospheric
circulation and river discharge in northwest Europe, Geophys. Res. Lett.,
33, 2–5, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GL025548, 2006.
Breiman, L.: Random forests, Mach. Learn., 45, 5–32,
https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1010933404324, 2001.
Breiman, L., Friedman, J., Stone, C. J., and Olshen, R. A.: Classification
and regression trees, Chapman and Hall, 1984.
Caillouet, L., Vidal, J.-P., Sauquet, E., Devers, A., and Graff, B.: Ensemble reconstruction of spatio-temporal extreme low-flow events in France since 1871, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 2923–2951, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-2923-2017, 2017.
Castello, L. and Macedo, M. N.: Large-scale degradation of Amazonian
freshwater ecosystems, Glob. Change Biol., 22, 990–1007,
https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13173, 2016.
Chen, J. and Gupta, A. K.: Parametric statistical change point analysis,
Birkhäuser Boston, 2012.
Clark, E. A., Sheffield, J., van Vliet, M. T. H., Nijssen, B., and
Lettenmaier, D. P.: Continental Runoff into the Oceans (1950–2008), J.
Hydrometeorol., 16, 1502–1520, https://doi.org/10.1175/JHM-D-14-0183.1, 2015.
Compo, G. P., Whitaker, J. S., Sardeshmukh, P. D., Matsui, N., Allan, R. J.,
Yin, X., Gleason, B. E., Vose, R. S., Rutledge, G., Bessemoulin, P.,
BroNnimann, S., Brunet, M., Crouthamel, R. I., Grant, A. N., Groisman, P.
Y., Jones, P. D., Kruk, M. C., Kruger, A. C., Marshall, G. J., Maugeri, M.,
Mok, H. Y., Nordli, O., Ross, T. F., Trigo, R. M., Wang, X. L., Woodruff, S.
D., and Worley, S. J.: The Twentieth Century Reanalysis Project, Q. J. Roy.
Meteor. Soc., 137, 1–28, https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.776, 2011.
Cook, B. I., Miller, R. L., and Seager, R.: Amplification of the North
American “Dust Bowl” drought through human-induced land degradation, P.
Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 106, 4997–5001, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0810200106, 2009.
Cook, B. I., Seager, R., and Smerdon, J. E.: The worst North American drought
year of the last millennium: 1934, Geophys. Res. Lett., 41, 7298–7305,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GL061661, 2014.
Cook, E. R., Anchukaitis, K. J., Jacoby, G. C., Wright, W. E., Buckley, B.
M., and D'Arrigo, R. D.: Asian Monsoon Failure and Megadrought During the
Last Millennium, Science, 328, 486–489, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1185188,
2010a.
Cook, E. R., Seager, R., Heim, R. R., Vose, R. S., Herweijer, C., and
Woodhouse, C.: Megadroughts in North America: Placing IPCC projections of
hydroclimatic change in a long-term palaeoclimate context, J. Quaternary Sci.,
25, 48–61, https://doi.org/10.1002/jqs.1303, 2010b.
Cook, E. R., Seager, R., Kushnir, Y., Briffa, K. R., Büntgen, U., Frank,
D., Krusic, P. J., Tegel, W., van der Schrier, G., Andreu-Hayles, L.,
Baillie, M., Baittinger, C., Bleicher, N., Bonde, N., Brown, D., Carrer, M.,
Cooper, R., Čufar, K., Dittmar, C., Esper, J., Griggs, C., Gunnarson,
B., Günther, B., Gutierrez, E., Haneca, K., Helama, S., Herzig, F.,
Heussner, K.-U., Hofmann, J., Janda, P., Kontic, R., Köse, N., Kyncl,
T., Levanič, T., Linderholm, H., Manning, S., Melvin, T. M., Miles, D.,
Neuwirth, B., Nicolussi, K., Nola, P., Panayotov, M., Popa, I., Rothe, A.,
Seftigen, K., Seim, A., Svarva, H., Svoboda, M., Thun, T., Timonen, M.,
Touchan, R., Trotsiuk, V., Trouet, V., Walder, F., Wazny, T.,
Wilson, R., and Zang, C.: Old World megadroughts and pluvials during the
Common Era, Sci. Adv., 1, e1500561, https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1500561, 2015.
Dai, A. and Trenberth, K. E.: Estimates of Freshwater Discharge from
Continents: Latitudinal and Seasonal Variations, J. Hydrometeorol., 3,
660–687, https://doi.org/10.1175/1525-7541(2002)003<0660:EOFDFC>2.0.CO;2, 2002.
D'Almeida, C., Vörösmarty, C. J., Hurtt, G. C., Marengo, J. A.,
Dingman, S. L., and Keim, B. D.: The effects of deforestation on the
hydrological cycle in Amazonia: A review on scale and resolution, Int. J.
Climatol., 27, 633–647, https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.1475, 2007.
Davin, E. L., de Noblet-Ducoudré, N., and Friedlingstein, P.: Impact of
land cover change on surface climate: Relevance of the radiative forcing
concept, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, 1–5, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007GL029678, 2007.
DeAngelis, A., Dominguez, F., Fan, Y., Robock, A., Kustu, M. D., and
Robinson, D.: Evidence of enhanced precipitation due to irrigation over the
Great Plains of the United States, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 115,
1–14, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JD013892, 2010.
Dirmeyer, P. A.: A History and Review of the Global Soil Wetness Project
(GSWP), J. Hydrometeorol., 12, 729–749, https://doi.org/10.1175/JHM-D-10-05010.1,
2011.
Dirmeyer, P. A., Gao, X., Zhao, M., Guo, Z., Oki, T., and Hanasaki, N.:
GSWP-2: Multimodel analysis and implications for our perception of the land
surface, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 87, 1381–1397,
https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-87-10-1381, 2006.
Do, H. X., Gudmundsson, L., Leonard, M., and Westra, S.: The Global Streamflow Indices and Metadata Archive (GSIM) – Part 1: The production of a daily streamflow archive and metadata, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 10, 765–785, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-765-2018, 2018.
Döll, P., Kaspar, F., and Lehner, B.: A global hydrological model for
deriving water availability indicators: Model tuning and validation, J.
Hydrol., 270, 105–134, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(02)00283-4, 2003.
Fekete, B. M. and Vörösmarty, C. J.: The current status of global
river discharge monitoring and potential new technologies complementing
traditional discharge measurements, IAHS Publ., 309, 129–136, 2007.
Fekete, B. M., Vörösmarty, C. J., and Grabs, W.: High-resolution
fields of global runoff combining observed river discharge and simulated
water balances, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 16, 15–1–15–10,
https://doi.org/10.1029/1999GB001254, 2002.
Fekete, B. M., Looser, U., Pietroniro, A., and Robarts, R. D.: Rationale for
Monitoring Discharge on the Ground, J. Hydrometeorol., 13, 1977–1986,
https://doi.org/10.1175/JHM-D-11-0126.1, 2012.
Fekete, B. M., Robarts, R. D., Kumagai, M., Nachtnebel, H. P., Odada, E., and
Zhulidov, A. V.: Time for in situ renaissance, Science, 349, 685–686,
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aac7358, 2015.
Ghiggi, G.: Reconstruction of European monthly runoff and river flow from
1951 to 2015 using machine learning algorithms, Master Thesis, ETHZ, 2018.
Ghiggi, G., Seneviratne, S. I., Humphrey, V., and Gudmundsson, L.: GRUN:
Global Runoff Reconstruction, figshare, https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.9228176,
2019.
Gosling, S. N., Müller Schmied, H., Betts, R., Chang, J., Ciais, P.,
Dankers, R., Döll, P., Eisner, S., Flörke, M., Gerten, D.,
Grillakis, M., Hanasaki, N., Hagemann, S., Huang, M., Huang, Z., Jerez, S.,
Kim, H., Koutroulis, A., Leng, G., Liu, X., Masaki, Y., Montavez, P.,
Morfopoulos, C., Oki, T., Papadimitriou, L., Pokhrel, Y., Portmann, F. T.,
Orth, R., Ostberg, S., Satoh, Y., Seneviratne, S., Sommer, P., Stacke, T.,
Tang, Q., Tsanis, I., Wada, Y., Zhou, T., Büchner, M., Schewe, J., and
Zhao, F.: ISIMIP2a Simulation Data from Water (global) Sector, GFZ Data
Serv., https://doi.org/10.5880/PIK.2017.010, 2017.
Greve, P., Orlowsky, B., Mueller, B., Sheffield, J., Reichstein, M., and
Seneviratne, S. I.: Global assessment of trends in wetting and drying over
land, Nat. Geosci., 7, 716–721, https://doi.org/10.1038/NGEO2247, 2014.
Gudmundsson, L. and Seneviratne, S. I.: Towards observation-based gridded runoff estimates for Europe, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 2859–2879, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-2859-2015, 2015.
Gudmundsson, L. and Seneviratne, S. I.: Observation-based gridded runoff estimates for Europe (E-RUN version 1.1), Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 8, 279–295, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-8-279-2016, 2016.
Gudmundsson, L., Tallaksen, L. M., Stahl, K., Clark, D. B., Dumont, E.,
Hagemann, S., Bertrand, N., Gerten, D., Heinke, J., Hanasaki, N., Voss, F.,
and Koirala, S.: Comparing Large-Scale Hydrological Model Simulations to
Observed Runoff Percentiles in Europe, J. Hydrometeorol., 13, 604–620,
https://doi.org/10.1175/JHM-D-11-083.1, 2012.
Gudmundsson, L., Seneviratne, S. I., and Zhang, X.: Anthropogenic climate
change detected in European renewable freshwater resources, Nat. Clim.
Change, 7, 813–816, https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate3416, 2017.
Gudmundsson, L., Leonard, M., Do, H. X., Westra, S., and Seneviratne, S. I.:
Observed Trends in Global Indicators of Mean and Extreme Streamflow,
Geophys. Res. Lett., 46, 756–766, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GL079725, 2018a.
Gudmundsson, L., Do, H. X., Leonard, M., and Westra, S.: The Global Streamflow Indices and Metadata Archive (GSIM) – Part 2: Quality control, time-series indices and homogeneity assessment, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 10, 787–804, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-787-2018, 2018b.
Haddeland, I., Clark, D. B., Franssen, W., Ludwig, F., Vöss,
F., Arnell, N. W., Bertrand, N., Best, M., Folwell, S., Gerten, D., Gomes,
S., Gosling, S. N., Hagemann, S., Hanasaki, N., Harding, R., Heinke, J.,
Kabat, P., Koirala, S., Oki, T., Polcher, J., Stacke, T., Viterbo, P.,
Weedon, G. P., and Yeh, P.: Multimodel Estimate of the Global Terrestrial
Water Balance: Setup and First Results, J. Hydrometeorol., 12, 869–884,
https://doi.org/10.1175/2011JHM1324.1, 2011.
Hall, J. and Blöschl, G.: Spatial patterns and characteristics of flood seasonality in Europe, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 3883–3901, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-3883-2018, 2018.
Harding, R., Best, M., Blyth, E., Hagemann, S., Kabat, P., Tallaksen, L. M.,
Warnaars, T., Wiberg, D., Weedon, G. P., van Lanen, H., Ludwig, F., and
Haddeland, I.: WATCH: Current Knowledge of the Terrestrial Global Water
Cycle, J. Hydrometeorol., 12, 1149–1156, https://doi.org/10.1175/JHM-D-11-024.1,
2011.
Hastie, T., Tibsharani, R., and Friedman, J. H.: The Elements of Statistical
Learning, 2nd Edn., Springer, New York, 2009.
Hegerl, G. C., Black, E., Allan, R. P., Ingram, W. J., Polson, D.,
Trenberth, K. E., Chadwick, R. S., Arkin, P. A., Sarojini, B. B., Becker,
A., Dai, A., Durack, P. J., Easterling, D., Fowler, H. J., Kendon, E. J.,
Huffman, G. J., Liu, C., Marsh, R., New, M., Osborn, T. J., Skliris, N.,
Stott, P. A., Vidale, P.-L., Wijffels, S. E., Wilcox, L. J., Willett, K. M.,
and Zhang, X.: Challenges in Quantifying Changes in the Global Water Cycle,
B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 96, 1097–1115, https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-13-00212.1,
2015.
Hrachowitz, M., Savenije, H. H. G., Blöschl, G., McDonnell, J. J.,
Sivapalan, M., Pomeroy, J. W., Arheimer, B., Blume, T., Clark, M. P., Ehret,
U., Fenicia, F., Freer, J. E., Gelfan, A., Gupta, H. V., Hughes, D. A., Hut,
R. W., Montanari, A., Pande, S., Tetzlaff, D., Troch, P. A., Uhlenbrook, S.,
Wagener, T., Winsemius, H. C., Woods, R. A., Zehe, E., and Cudennec, C.: A
decade of Predictions in Ungauged Basins (PUB) – a review, Hydrolog. Sci. J.,
58, 1198–1255, https://doi.org/10.1080/02626667.2013.803183, 2013.
Humphrey, V., Gudmundsson, L., and Seneviratne, S. I.: Assessing Global Water
Storage Variability from GRACE: Trends, Seasonal Cycle, Subseasonal
Anomalies and Extremes, Surv. Geophys., 37, 357–395,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10712-016-9367-1, 2016.
Humphrey, V., Zscheischler, J., Ciais, P., Gudmundsson, L., Sitch, S., and
Seneviratne, S. I.: Sensitivity of atmospheric CO2 growth rate to observed
changes in terrestrial water storage, Nature, 560, 628–631,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-018-0424-4, 2018.
Ionita, M., Tallaksen, L. M., Kingston, D. G., Stagge, J. H., Laaha, G., Van Lanen, H. A. J., Scholz, P., Chelcea, S. M., and Haslinger, K.: The European 2015 drought from a climatological perspective, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 1397–1419, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-1397-2017, 2017.
Jahfer, S., Vinayachandran, P. N., and Nanjundiah, R. S.: Long-Term impact of
Amazon river runoff on northern hemispheric climate, Nat. Sci. Rep., 7, 10989, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-10750-y, 2017.
Jaramillo, F. and Destouni, G.: Local flow regulation and irrigation raise
global human water consumption and footprint, Science, 350,
1248–1251, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aad1010, 2015.
Kidane, A.: Mortality estimates of the 1984-85 Ethiopian famine, Scand. J.
Soc. Med., 18, 281–286, https://doi.org/10.1177/140349489001800409, 1990.
Kim, H., Watanabe, S., Chang, E. C., Yoshimura, K., Hirabayashi, J.,
Famiglietti, J., and Oki, T.: Global Soil Wetness Project Phase 3 Atmospheric
Boundary Conditions (Experiment 1) [Data set], Data Integration and Analysis
System (DIAS), https://doi.org/10.20783/DIAS.501, 2017.
Kummu, M., Guillaume, J. H. A., de Moel, H., Eisner, S., Flörke, M.,
Porkka, M., Siebert, S., Veldkamp, T. I. E., and Ward, P. J.: The world's
road to water scarcity: shortage and stress in the 20th century and pathways
towards sustainability, Nat. Sci. Rep., 6, 38495, https://doi.org/10.1038/srep38495,
2016.
Lanckriet, S., Frankl, A., Adgo, E., Termonia, P., and Nyssen, J.: Droughts
related to quasi-global oscillations: A diagnostic teleconnection analysis
in North Ethiopia, Int. J. Climatol., 35, 1534–1542,
https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.4074, 2015.
Latrubesse, E. M., Arima, E. Y., Dunne, T., Park, E., Baker, V. R., D'Horta,
F. M., Wight, C., Wittmann, F., Zuanon, J., Baker, P. A., Ribas, C. C.,
Norgaard, R. B., Filizola, N., Ansar, A., Flyvbjerg, B., and Stevaux, J. C.:
Damming the rivers of the Amazon basin, Nature, 546, 363–369,
https://doi.org/10.1038/nature22333, 2017.
Laudon, H., Spence, C., Buttle, J., Carey, S. K., McDonnell, J. J.,
McNamara, J. P., Soulsby, C., and Tetzlaff, D.: Save northern high-latitude
catchments, Nat. Geosci., 10, 324–325, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2947, 2017.
Lawrence, D. and Vandecar, K.: Effects of tropical deforestation on climate
and agriculture, Nat. Clim. Change, 5, 27–36, https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate2430,
2015.
Lorenzo-Lacruz, J., Vicente-Serrano, S. M., López-Moreno, J. I., González-Hidalgo, J. C., and Morán-Tejeda, E.: The response of Iberian rivers to the North Atlantic Oscillation, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 15, 2581–2597, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-15-2581-2011, 2011.
Luyssaert, S., Jammet, M., Stoy, P. C., Estel, S., Pongratz, J., Ceschia,
E., Churkina, G., Don, A., Erb, K., Ferlicoq, M., Gielen, B., Grünwald,
T., Houghton, R. A., Klumpp, K., Knohl, A., Kolb, T., Kuemmerle, T.,
Laurila, T., Lohila, A., Loustau, D., McGrath, M. J., Meyfroidt, P., Moors,
E. J., Naudts, K., Novick, K., Otto, J., Pilegaard, K., Pio, C. A., Rambal,
S., Rebmann, C., Ryder, J., Suyker, A. E., Varlagin, A., Wattenbach, M., and
Dolman, A. J.: Land management and land-cover change have impacts of similar
magnitude on surface temperature, Nat. Clim. Change, 4, 389–393,
https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate2196, 2014.
Materia, S., Gualdi, S., Navarra, A., and Terray, L.: The effect of Congo
River freshwater discharge on Eastern Equatorial Atlantic climate
variability, Clim. Dynam., 39, 2109–2125,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-012-1514-x, 2012.
Meko, D. M., Woodhouse, C. A., and Morino, K.: Dendrochronology and links to
streamflow, J. Hydrol., 412–413, 200–209,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2010.11.041, 2012.
Mekonnen, M. and Hoekstra, Y. A.: Four Billion People Experience Water
Scarcity, Sci. Adv., 2, 1–7, https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1500323, 2016.
Meyer, H., Reudenbach, C., Hengl, T., Katurji, M., and Nauss, T.: Improving
performance of spatio-temporal machine learning models using forward feature
selection and target-oriented validation, Environ. Model. Softw., 101, 1–9,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2017.12.001, 2018.
Mishra, V., Shah, R., Azhar, S., Shah, H., Modi, P., and Kumar, R.: Reconstruction of droughts in India using multiple land-surface models (1951–2015), Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 2269–2284, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-2269-2018, 2018.
Montanari, A., Young, G., Savenije, H. H. G., Hughes, D., Wagener, T., Ren,
L. L., Koutsoyiannis, D., Cudennec, C., Toth, E., Grimaldi, S., Blöschl,
G., Sivapalan, M., Beven, K., Gupta, H., Hipsey, M., Schaefli, B., Arheimer,
B., Boegh, E., Schymanski, S. J., Di Baldassarre, G., Yu, B., Hubert, P.,
Huang, Y., Schumann, A., Post, D. A., Srinivasan, V., Harman, C., Thompson,
S., Rogger, M., Viglione, A., McMillan, H., Characklis, G., Pang, Z., and
Belyaev, V.: “Panta Rhei-Everything Flows”: Change in hydrology and
society-The IAHS Scientific Decade 2013–2022, Hydrolog. Sci. J., 58,
1256–1275, https://doi.org/10.1080/02626667.2013.809088, 2013.
Moravec, V., Markonis, Y., Rakovec, O., Kumar, R., and Hanel, M.: A 250-year
European drought inventory derived from ensemble hydrologic modelling,
Geophys. Res. Lett., 46, 5909–5917, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019gl082783, 2019.
Müller Schmied, H., Adam, L., Eisner, S., Fink, G., Flörke, M., Kim, H., Oki, T., Portmann, F. T., Reinecke, R., Riedel, C., Song, Q., Zhang, J., and Döll, P.: Variations of global and continental water balance components as impacted by climate forcing uncertainty and human water use, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 2877–2898, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-2877-2016, 2016.
Munia, H. A., Guillaume, J. H. A., Mirumachi, N., Wada, Y., and Kummu, M.: How downstream sub-basins depend on upstream inflows to avoid scarcity: typology and global analysis of transboundary rivers, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 2795–2809, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-2795-2018, 2018.
Nash, J. E. and Sutcliffe, J. V.: River flow forecasting through conceptual
models part I – A discussion of principles, J. Hydrol., 10, 282–290,
https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(70)90255-6, 1970.
Nicault, A., Alleaume, S., Brewer, S., Carrer, M., Nola, P., and Guiot, J.:
Mediterranean drought fluctuation during the last 500 years based on
tree-ring data, Clim. Dynam., 31, 227–245,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-007-0349-3, 2008.
Oki, T. and Kanae, S.: Global Hydrological Cycles and Word Water Resources,
Science, 313, 1068–1072, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1128845, 2006.
Peel, M. C., Finlayson, B. L., and McMahon, T. A.: Updated world map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 11, 1633–1644, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-11-1633-2007, 2007.
Rodell, M., Beaudoing, H. K., L'Ecuyer, T. S., Olson, W. S., Famiglietti, J.
S., Houser, P. R., Adler, R., Bosilovich, M. G., Clayson, C. A., Chambers,
D., Clark, E., Fetzer, E. J., Gao, X., Gu, G., Hilburn, K., Huffman, G. J.,
Lettenmaier, D. P., Liu, W. T., Robertson, F. R., Schlosser, C. A.,
Sheffield, J., and Wood, E. F.: The observed state of the water cycle in the
early twenty-first century, J. Climate, 28, 8289–8318,
https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00555.1, 2015.
Samaniego, L., Kumar, R., and Attinger, S.: Multiscale parameter
regionalization of a grid-based hydrologic model at the mesoscale, Water Resour. Res., 46, W05523, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008WR007327, 2010.
Samaniego, L., Kumar, R., Thober, S., Rakovec, O., Zink, M., Wanders, N., Eisner, S., Müller Schmied, H., Sutanudjaja, E. H., Warrach-Sagi, K., and Attinger, S.: Toward seamless hydrologic predictions across spatial scales, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 4323–4346, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-4323-2017, 2017.
Schellekens, J., Dutra, E., Martínez-de la Torre, A., Balsamo, G., van Dijk, A., Sperna Weiland, F., Minvielle, M., Calvet, J.-C., Decharme, B., Eisner, S., Fink, G., Flörke, M., Peßenteiner, S., van Beek, R., Polcher, J., Beck, H., Orth, R., Calton, B., Burke, S., Dorigo, W., and Weedon, G. P.: A global water resources ensemble of hydrological models: the eartH2Observe Tier-1 dataset, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 9, 389–413, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-9-389-2017, 2017.
Schneider, T., Bischoff, T., and Haug, G. H.: Migrations and dynamics of the
intertropical convergence zone, Nature, 513, 45–53,
https://doi.org/10.1038/nature13636, 2014.
Schubert, S. D., Suarez, M. J., Pegion, P. J., Koster, R. D., and Bacmeister,
T.: On the Cause of the 1930s Dust Bowl, Science, 303, 1855–1859,
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1095048, 2004.
Sen, P. K.: Estimates of the Regression Coefficient Based on Kendall's Tau,
J. Am. Stat. Assoc., 63, 1379–1389,
https://doi.org/10.1080/01621459.1968.10480934, 1968.
Seneviratne, S. I., Nicholls, N., Easterling, D., Goodess, C. M., Kanae, S.,
Kossin, J., Luo, Y., Marengo, J., Mc Innes, K., Rahimi, M., Reichstein, M.,
Sorteberg, A., Vera, C., Zhang, X., Rusticucci, M., Semenov, V., Alexander,
L. V., Allen, S., Benito, G., Cavazos, T., Clague, J., Conway, D.,
Della-Marta, P. M., Gerber, M., Gong, S., Goswami, B. N., Hemer, M., Huggel,
C., Van den Hurk, B., Kharin, V. V., Kitoh, A., Klein Tank, A. M. G., Li,
G., Mason, S., Mc Guire, W., Van Oldenborgh, G. J., Orlowsky, B., Smith, S.,
Thiaw, W., Velegrakis, A., Yiou, P., Zhang, T., Zhou, T., and Zwiers, F. W.:
Changes in climate extremes and their impacts on the natural physical
environment, in Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and Disasters to
Advance Climate Change Adaptation: Special Report of the Intergovernmental
Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge University
Press, 109–230, 2012.
Shiklomanov, A. I., Lammers, R. B., and Vörösmarty, C. J.: Widespread
decline in hydrological monitoring threatens Pan-Arctic research, Eos,
83, 13–17, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002EO000007, 2002.
Siebert, S., Kummu, M., Porkka, M., Döll, P., Ramankutty, N., and Scanlon, B. R.: A global data set of the extent of irrigated land from 1900 to 2005, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 1521–1545, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-1521-2015, 2015.
Sivapalan, M.: Prediction in ungauged basins: a grand challenge for
theoretical hydrology, Hydrol. Process., 17, 3163–3170,
https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.5155, 2003.
Smith, K. A., Barker, L. J., Tanguy, M., Parry, S., Harrigan, S., Legg, T. P., Prudhomme, C., and Hannaford, J.: A multi-objective ensemble approach to hydrological modelling in the UK: an application to historic drought reconstruction, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 3247–3268, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-3247-2019, 2019.
Spinoni, J., Naumann, G., Vogt, J. V., and Barbosa, P.: The biggest drought
events in Europe from 1950 to 2012, J. Hydrol. Reg. Stud., 3, 509–524,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2015.01.001, 2015.
Spracklen, D. V. and Garcia-Carreras, L.: The impact of Amazonian
deforestation on Amazon basin rainfall, Geophys. Res. Lett., 42,
9546–9552, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GL066063, 2015.
Spracklen, D. V., Arnold, S. R., and Taylor, C. M.: Observations of increased
tropical rainfall preceded by air passage over forests, Nature, 489,
282–285, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature11390, 2012.
Stahl, K., Hisdal, H., Hannaford, J., Tallaksen, L. M., van Lanen, H. A. J., Sauquet, E., Demuth, S., Fendekova, M., and Jódar, J.: Streamflow trends in Europe: evidence from a dataset of near-natural catchments, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 14, 2367–2382, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-14-2367-2010, 2010.
Stahl, K., Tallaksen, L. M., Hannaford, J., and van Lanen, H. A. J.: Filling the white space on maps of European runoff trends: estimates from a multi-model ensemble, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 16, 2035–2047, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-2035-2012, 2012.
Steirou, E., Gerlitz, L., Apel, H., and Merz, B.: Links between large-scale
circulation patterns and streamflow in Central Europe: A review, J. Hydrolog.,
549, 484–500, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2017.04.003, 2017.
Syed, T. H., Famiglietti, J. S., and Chambers, D. P.: GRACE-Based Estimates
of Terrestrial Freshwater Discharge from Basin to Continental Scales, J.
Hydrometeorol., 10, 22–40, https://doi.org/10.1175/2008JHM993.1, 2009.
Tang, T., Li, W., and Sun, G.: Impact of two different types of El Niño events on runoff over the conterminous United States, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 27–37, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-27-2016, 2016.
Thiery, W., Davin, E. L., Lawrence, D. M., Hirsch, A. L., Hauser, M., and
Seneviratne, S. I.: Present-day irrigation mitigates heat extremes, J.
Geophys. Res., 122, 1403–1422, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JD025740, 2017.
Trenberth, K. E. and Asrar, G. R.: Challenges and Opportunities in Water
Cycle Research: WCRP Contributions, Surv. Geophys., 35, 515–532,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10712-012-9214-y, 2014.
Van Den Hurk, B., Best, M., Dirmeyer, P., Pitman, A., Polcher, J., and
Santanello, J.: Acceleration of land surface model development over a decade
of glass, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 92, 1593–1600,
https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00007.1, 2011.
van den Hurk, B., Kim, H., Krinner, G., Seneviratne, S. I., Derksen, C., Oki, T., Douville, H., Colin, J., Ducharne, A., Cheruy, F., Viovy, N., Puma, M. J., Wada, Y., Li, W., Jia, B., Alessandri, A., Lawrence, D. M., Weedon, G. P., Ellis, R., Hagemann, S., Mao, J., Flanner, M. G., Zampieri, M., Materia, S., Law, R. M., and Sheffield, J.: LS3MIP (v1.0) contribution to CMIP6: the Land Surface, Snow and Soil moisture Model Intercomparison Project – aims, setup and expected outcome, Geosci. Model Dev., 9, 2809–2832, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-2809-2016, 2016.
Veldkamp, T. I. E., Wada, Y., Aerts, J. C. J. H., Döll, P., Gosling, S.
N., Liu, J., Masaki, Y., Oki, T., Ostberg, S., Pokhrel, Y., Satoh, Y., Kim,
H., and Ward, P. J.: Water scarcity hotspots travel downstream due to human
interventions in the 20th and 21st century, Nat. Commun., 8, 15697,
https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms15697, 2017.
Viste, E., Korecha, D., and Sorteberg, A.: Recent drought and precipitation
tendencies in Ethiopia, Theor. Appl. Climatol., 112, 535–551,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-012-0746-3, 2013.
Vizy, E. K. and Cook, K. H.: Influence of the Amazon/Orinoco Plume on the
summertime Atlantic climate, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 115, 1–18,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JD014049, 2010.
Vörösmarty, C. J., Green, P., Salisbury, J., and Lammers, R.: Global
water resources: vulnerability from climate change and population growth,
Science, 289, 284–288, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.289.5477.284, 2000.
Vörösmarty, C. J., Lettenmaier, D., Levêque, C., Meybeck, M.,
Pahl-Wostl, C., Alcamo, J., Cosgrove, W., Grassl, H., Hoff, H., Kabat, P.,
Lansigan, F., Lawford, R., and Naiman, R.: Human transforming the Global
Water System, Eos, 85, 509–520, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004EO480001, 2004.
Vörösmarty, C. J., McIntyre, P. B., Gessner, M. O., Dudgeon, D.,
Prusevich, A., Green, P., Glidden, S., Bunn, S. E., Sullivan, C. A.,
Liermann, C. R., and Davies, P. M.: Global threats to human water security
and river biodiversity, Nature, 467, 555–561,
https://doi.org/10.1038/nature09440, 2010.
Wagener, T., Sivapalan, M., Troch, P. A., McGlynn, B. L., Harman, C. J.,
Gupta, H. V., Kumar, P., Rao, P. S. C., Basu, N. B., and Wilson, J. S.: The
future of hydrology: An evolving science for a changing world, Water Resour.
Res., 46, 1–10, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009WR008906, 2010.
Wanders, N. and Wada, Y.: Decadal predictability of river discharge with
climate oscillations over the 20th and early 21st century, Geophys. Res.
Lett., 42, 10689–10695, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GL066929, 2015.
Wang, A., Bohn, T. J., Mahanama, S. P., Koster, R. D., and Lettenmaier, D.
P.: Multimodel ensemble reconstruction of drought over the continental
United States, J. Climate, 22, 2694–2712, https://doi.org/10.1175/2008JCLI2586.1,
2009.
Ward, P. J., Beets, W., Bouwer, L. M., Aerts, J. C. J. H., and Renssen, H.:
Sensitivity of river discharge to ENSO, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L12402,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2010GL043215, 2010.
Warszawski, L., Frieler, K., Huber, V., Piontek, F., Serdeczny, O., and
Schewe, J.: The Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project
(ISI–MIP): Project framework, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 111, 3228–3232,
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1312330110, 2014.
WEF: The Global Risks Report 2018, available at:
http://reports.weforum.org/global-risks-2018/, last access: 25 November 2018.
Wisser, D., Fekete, B. M., Vörösmarty, C. J., and Schumann, A. H.: Reconstructing 20th century global hydrography: a contribution to the Global Terrestrial Network- Hydrology (GTN-H), Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 14, 1–24, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-14-1-2010, 2010.
Wolter, K. and Timlin, M. S.: El Niño/Southern Oscillation behaviour
since 1871 as diagnosed in an extended multivariate ENSO index (MEI.ext),
Int. J. Climatol., 31, 1074–1087, https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.2336, 2011.
Wriedt, G., van der Velde, M., Aloe, A., and Bouraoui, F.: A European
irrigation map for spatially distributed agricultural modelling, Agr.
Water Manage., 96, 771–789, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2008.10.012, 2009.
Wu, Z. Y., Lu, G. H., Wen, L., and Lin, C. A.: Reconstructing and analyzing China's fifty-nine year (1951–2009) drought history using hydrological model simulation, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 15, 2881–2894, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-15-2881-2011, 2011.
Zaidman, M. D., Rees, H. G., and Young, A. R.: Spatio-temporal development of streamflow droughts in north-west Europe, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 6, 733–751, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-6-733-2002, 2002.
Short summary
Freshwater resources are of high societal relevance and understanding their past variability is vital to water management in the context of current and future climatic change. This study introduces GRUN: the first global gridded monthly reconstruction of runoff covering the period from 1902 to 2014. The dataset agrees on average much better with the streamflow observations than an ensemble of 13 state-of-the-art global hydrological models and will foster the understanding of freshwater dynamics.
Freshwater resources are of high societal relevance and understanding their past variability is...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint