Articles | Volume 17, issue 12
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-7079-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-7079-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Data description paper
| 
15 Dec 2025
Data description paper |
| 15 Dec 2025
| 15 Dec 2025
An observational record of global gridded near-surface air temperature change over land and ocean from 1781
Colin P. Morice
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Met Office, Exeter, EX1 3PB, United Kingdom
David I. Berry
National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, United Kingdom
Richard C. Cornes
National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, United Kingdom
Kathryn Cowtan
Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
Thomas Cropper
National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, United Kingdom
Ed Hawkins
Department of Meteorology, National Centre for Atmospheric Science, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
John J. Kennedy
Met Office, Exeter, EX1 3PB, United Kingdom
Timothy J. Osborn
Climatic Research Unit, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
Nick A. Rayner
Met Office, Exeter, EX1 3PB, United Kingdom
Beatriz Recinos Rivas
School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3JW, United Kingdom
National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, United Kingdom
Andrew P. Schurer
School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3JW, United Kingdom
Michael Taylor
Climatic Research Unit, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
Praveen R. Teleti
Department of Meteorology, National Centre for Atmospheric Science, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
Emily J. Wallis
Climatic Research Unit, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
Jonathan Winn
Met Office, Exeter, EX1 3PB, United Kingdom
Elizabeth C. Kent
National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, United Kingdom
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Piers M. Forster, Christopher J. Smith, Tristram Walsh, William F. Lamb, Robin Lamboll, Mathias Hauser, Aurélien Ribes, Debbie Rosen, Nathan Gillett, Matthew D. Palmer, Joeri Rogelj, Karina von Schuckmann, Sonia I. Seneviratne, Blair Trewin, Xuebin Zhang, Myles Allen, Robbie Andrew, Arlene Birt, Alex Borger, Tim Boyer, Jiddu A. Broersma, Lijing Cheng, Frank Dentener, Pierre Friedlingstein, José M. Gutiérrez, Johannes Gütschow, Bradley Hall, Masayoshi Ishii, Stuart Jenkins, Xin Lan, June-Yi Lee, Colin Morice, Christopher Kadow, John Kennedy, Rachel Killick, Jan C. Minx, Vaishali Naik, Glen P. Peters, Anna Pirani, Julia Pongratz, Carl-Friedrich Schleussner, Sophie Szopa, Peter Thorne, Robert Rohde, Maisa Rojas Corradi, Dominik Schumacher, Russell Vose, Kirsten Zickfeld, Valérie Masson-Delmotte, and Panmao Zhai
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Andrew P. Schurer, Gabriele C. Hegerl, Hugues Goosse, Massimo A. Bollasina, Matthew H. England, Michael J. Mineter, Doug M. Smith, and Simon F. B. Tett
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Manoj Joshi, Robert A. Hall, David P. Stevens, and Ed Hawkins
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Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 1151–1171, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-1151-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-1151-2023, 2023
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Clim. Past, 18, 2583–2597, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-2583-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-2583-2022, 2022
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Thomas Caton Harrison, Stavroula Biri, Thomas J. Bracegirdle, John C. King, Elizabeth C. Kent, Étienne Vignon, and John Turner
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Short summary
We present a new data set of global gridded surface air temperature change extending back to the 1780s. This is achieved using marine air temperature observations with newly available estimates of diurnal-heating biases together with an updated land station database that includes bias adjustments for early thermometer enclosures. These developments allow the data set to extend further into the past than current data sets that use sea surface temperature rather than marine air temperature data.
We present a new data set of global gridded surface air temperature change extending back to the...
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