Earth System Science Data
Earth System Science Data
Earth System Science Data
Articles | Volume 17, issue 12
Articles | Volume 17, issue 12
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-7079-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-7079-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 17, issue 12
Data description article
 | 
15 Dec 2025
Data description article |  | 15 Dec 2025

An observational record of global gridded near-surface air temperature change over land and ocean from 1781

Colin P. Morice, David I. Berry, Richard C. Cornes, Kathryn Cowtan, Thomas Cropper, Ed Hawkins, John J. Kennedy, Timothy J. Osborn, Nick A. Rayner, Beatriz Recinos Rivas, Andrew P. Schurer, Michael Taylor, Praveen R. Teleti, Emily J. Wallis, Jonathan Winn, and Elizabeth C. Kent

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Short summary
We present a new data set of global gridded surface air temperature change extending back to the 1780s. This is achieved using marine air temperature observations with newly available estimates of diurnal-heating biases together with an updated land station database that includes bias adjustments for early thermometer enclosures. These developments allow the data set to extend further into the past than current data sets that use sea surface temperature rather than marine air temperature data.
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