Articles | Volume 14, issue 7
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-3013-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-3013-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
A 10-year global monthly averaged terrestrial net ecosystem exchange dataset inferred from the ACOS GOSAT v9 XCO2 retrievals (GCAS2021)
Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science
and Technology, International Institute for Earth System Science, Nanjing
University, Nanjing, 210023, China
Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical
Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing, 210023, China
Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling, Nanjing
University, Nanjing, 210023, China
Weimin Ju
Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science
and Technology, International Institute for Earth System Science, Nanjing
University, Nanjing, 210023, China
Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical
Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing, 210023, China
Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science
and Technology, International Institute for Earth System Science, Nanjing
University, Nanjing, 210023, China
Mousong Wu
Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science
and Technology, International Institute for Earth System Science, Nanjing
University, Nanjing, 210023, China
Hengmao Wang
Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science
and Technology, International Institute for Earth System Science, Nanjing
University, Nanjing, 210023, China
Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science
and Technology, International Institute for Earth System Science, Nanjing
University, Nanjing, 210023, China
Mengwei Jia
Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science
and Technology, International Institute for Earth System Science, Nanjing
University, Nanjing, 210023, China
Shuzhuang Feng
Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science
and Technology, International Institute for Earth System Science, Nanjing
University, Nanjing, 210023, China
Lingyu Zhang
Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science
and Technology, International Institute for Earth System Science, Nanjing
University, Nanjing, 210023, China
Jing M. Chen
Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science
and Technology, International Institute for Earth System Science, Nanjing
University, Nanjing, 210023, China
Department of Geography and Planning, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
M5S3G3, Canada
Related authors
Shuzhuang Feng, Fei Jiang, Yongguang Zhang, Huilin Chen, Honglin Zhuang, Shumin Wang, Shengxi Bai, Hengmao Wang, and Weimin Ju
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2669, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2669, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Using satellite data and advanced modeling, this study inverted daily high-resolution anthropogenic CH4 emissions across China and Shanxi Province. We found that China's 2022 CH4 emissions were 45.1 TgCH4·yr⁻¹, significantly lower than previous estimates, especially in coal mining and waste sectors. The inversion substantially reduced emission uncertainties and improved CH4 concentration simulations. These results suggest China’s climate mitigation burden may have been overestimated.
Pierre Friedlingstein, Michael O'Sullivan, Matthew W. Jones, Robbie M. Andrew, Judith Hauck, Peter Landschützer, Corinne Le Quéré, Hongmei Li, Ingrid T. Luijkx, Are Olsen, Glen P. Peters, Wouter Peters, Julia Pongratz, Clemens Schwingshackl, Stephen Sitch, Josep G. Canadell, Philippe Ciais, Robert B. Jackson, Simone R. Alin, Almut Arneth, Vivek Arora, Nicholas R. Bates, Meike Becker, Nicolas Bellouin, Carla F. Berghoff, Henry C. Bittig, Laurent Bopp, Patricia Cadule, Katie Campbell, Matthew A. Chamberlain, Naveen Chandra, Frédéric Chevallier, Louise P. Chini, Thomas Colligan, Jeanne Decayeux, Laique M. Djeutchouang, Xinyu Dou, Carolina Duran Rojas, Kazutaka Enyo, Wiley Evans, Amanda R. Fay, Richard A. Feely, Daniel J. Ford, Adrianna Foster, Thomas Gasser, Marion Gehlen, Thanos Gkritzalis, Giacomo Grassi, Luke Gregor, Nicolas Gruber, Özgür Gürses, Ian Harris, Matthew Hefner, Jens Heinke, George C. Hurtt, Yosuke Iida, Tatiana Ilyina, Andrew R. Jacobson, Atul K. Jain, Tereza Jarníková, Annika Jersild, Fei Jiang, Zhe Jin, Etsushi Kato, Ralph F. Keeling, Kees Klein Goldewijk, Jürgen Knauer, Jan Ivar Korsbakken, Xin Lan, Siv K. Lauvset, Nathalie Lefèvre, Zhu Liu, Junjie Liu, Lei Ma, Shamil Maksyutov, Gregg Marland, Nicolas Mayot, Patrick C. McGuire, Nicolas Metzl, Natalie M. Monacci, Eric J. Morgan, Shin-Ichiro Nakaoka, Craig Neill, Yosuke Niwa, Tobias Nützel, Lea Olivier, Tsuneo Ono, Paul I. Palmer, Denis Pierrot, Zhangcai Qin, Laure Resplandy, Alizée Roobaert, Thais M. Rosan, Christian Rödenbeck, Jörg Schwinger, T. Luke Smallman, Stephen M. Smith, Reinel Sospedra-Alfonso, Tobias Steinhoff, Qing Sun, Adrienne J. Sutton, Roland Séférian, Shintaro Takao, Hiroaki Tatebe, Hanqin Tian, Bronte Tilbrook, Olivier Torres, Etienne Tourigny, Hiroyuki Tsujino, Francesco Tubiello, Guido van der Werf, Rik Wanninkhof, Xuhui Wang, Dongxu Yang, Xiaojuan Yang, Zhen Yu, Wenping Yuan, Xu Yue, Sönke Zaehle, Ning Zeng, and Jiye Zeng
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 17, 965–1039, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-965-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-965-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The Global Carbon Budget 2024 describes the methodology, main results, and datasets used to quantify the anthropogenic emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) and their partitioning among the atmosphere, land ecosystems, and the ocean over the historical period (1750–2024). These living datasets are updated every year to provide the highest transparency and traceability in the reporting of CO2, the key driver of climate change.
Yu Mao, Weimin Ju, Hengmao Wang, Liangyun Liu, Haikun Wang, Shuzhuang Feng, Mengwei Jia, and Fei Jiang
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3672, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3672, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The Russia-Ukraine war in 2022 severely disrupted Ukraine’s economy, with significant reductions in industrial, transportation, and residential activities. Our research used satellite data to track changes in nitrogen oxide emissions, a key indicator of human activity, during the war. We found a 28 % decline in emissions, which was twice of the decrease caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. This study highlights how modern warfare can deeply impact both the environment and economic stability.
Xingyu Wang, Fei Jiang, Hengmao Wang, Zhengqi Zhang, Mousong Wu, Jun Wang, Wei He, Weimin Ju, and Jing M. Chen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 867–880, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-867-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-867-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The role of OCO-3 XCO2 retrievals in estimating global terrestrial carbon fluxes is unclear. We investigate this by assimilating OCO-3 XCO2 retrievals alone and in combination with OCO-2 XCO2. The assimilation of OCO-3 XCO2 alone underestimates global land sinks, mainly at high latitudes, due to the lack of observations beyond 52° S and 52° N, large variations in the number of data, and varying observation times, while the joint assimilation of OCO-2 and OCO-3 XCO2 has the best performance.
Ran Yan, Jun Wang, Weimin Ju, Xiuli Xing, Miao Yu, Meirong Wang, Jingye Tan, Xunmei Wang, Hengmao Wang, and Fei Jiang
Biogeosciences, 21, 5027–5043, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-5027-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-5027-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Our study reveals that the effects of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) on China's gross primary production (GPP) are basically opposite, with obvious seasonal changes. Soil moisture primarily influences GPP during ENSO events (except spring) and temperature during IOD events (except fall). Quantitatively, China's annual GPP displays modest positive anomalies during La Niña and negative anomalies in El Niño years, driven by significant seasonal variations.
Huajie Zhu, Mousong Wu, Fei Jiang, Michael Vossbeck, Thomas Kaminski, Xiuli Xing, Jun Wang, Weimin Ju, and Jing M. Chen
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 6337–6363, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-6337-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-6337-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In this work, we developed the Nanjing University Carbon Assimilation System (NUCAS v1.0). Data assimilation experiments were conducted to demonstrate the robustness and investigate the feasibility and applicability of NUCAS. The assimilation of ecosystem carbonyl sulfide (COS) fluxes improved the model performance in gross primary productivity, evapotranspiration, and sensible heat, showing that COS provides constraints on parameters relevant to carbon-, water-, and energy-related processes.
Huajie Zhu, Xiuli Xing, Mousong Wu, Weimin Ju, and Fei Jiang
Biogeosciences, 21, 3735–3760, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3735-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3735-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Ecosystem carbonyl sulfide (COS) fluxes were employed to optimize GPP estimation across ecosystems with the Biosphere-atmosphere Exchange Process Simulator (BEPS), which was developed for simulating the canopy COS uptake under its state-of-the-art two-leaf modeling framework. Our results showcased the efficacy of COS in improving model prediction and reducing prediction uncertainty of GPP and enhanced insights into the sensitivity, identifiability, and interactions of parameters related to COS.
Shuzhuang Feng, Fei Jiang, Tianlu Qian, Nan Wang, Mengwei Jia, Songci Zheng, Jiansong Chen, Fang Ying, and Weimin Ju
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 7481–7498, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-7481-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-7481-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We developed a multi-air-pollutant inversion system to estimate non-methane volatile organic compound (NMVOC) emissions using TROPOMI formaldehyde retrievals. We found that the inversion significantly improved formaldehyde simulations and reduced NMVOC emission uncertainties. The optimized NMVOC emissions effectively corrected the overestimation of O3 levels, mainly by decreasing the rate of the RO2 + NO reaction and increasing the rate of the NO2 + OH reaction.
Pierre Friedlingstein, Michael O'Sullivan, Matthew W. Jones, Robbie M. Andrew, Dorothee C. E. Bakker, Judith Hauck, Peter Landschützer, Corinne Le Quéré, Ingrid T. Luijkx, Glen P. Peters, Wouter Peters, Julia Pongratz, Clemens Schwingshackl, Stephen Sitch, Josep G. Canadell, Philippe Ciais, Robert B. Jackson, Simone R. Alin, Peter Anthoni, Leticia Barbero, Nicholas R. Bates, Meike Becker, Nicolas Bellouin, Bertrand Decharme, Laurent Bopp, Ida Bagus Mandhara Brasika, Patricia Cadule, Matthew A. Chamberlain, Naveen Chandra, Thi-Tuyet-Trang Chau, Frédéric Chevallier, Louise P. Chini, Margot Cronin, Xinyu Dou, Kazutaka Enyo, Wiley Evans, Stefanie Falk, Richard A. Feely, Liang Feng, Daniel J. Ford, Thomas Gasser, Josefine Ghattas, Thanos Gkritzalis, Giacomo Grassi, Luke Gregor, Nicolas Gruber, Özgür Gürses, Ian Harris, Matthew Hefner, Jens Heinke, Richard A. Houghton, George C. Hurtt, Yosuke Iida, Tatiana Ilyina, Andrew R. Jacobson, Atul Jain, Tereza Jarníková, Annika Jersild, Fei Jiang, Zhe Jin, Fortunat Joos, Etsushi Kato, Ralph F. Keeling, Daniel Kennedy, Kees Klein Goldewijk, Jürgen Knauer, Jan Ivar Korsbakken, Arne Körtzinger, Xin Lan, Nathalie Lefèvre, Hongmei Li, Junjie Liu, Zhiqiang Liu, Lei Ma, Greg Marland, Nicolas Mayot, Patrick C. McGuire, Galen A. McKinley, Gesa Meyer, Eric J. Morgan, David R. Munro, Shin-Ichiro Nakaoka, Yosuke Niwa, Kevin M. O'Brien, Are Olsen, Abdirahman M. Omar, Tsuneo Ono, Melf Paulsen, Denis Pierrot, Katie Pocock, Benjamin Poulter, Carter M. Powis, Gregor Rehder, Laure Resplandy, Eddy Robertson, Christian Rödenbeck, Thais M. Rosan, Jörg Schwinger, Roland Séférian, T. Luke Smallman, Stephen M. Smith, Reinel Sospedra-Alfonso, Qing Sun, Adrienne J. Sutton, Colm Sweeney, Shintaro Takao, Pieter P. Tans, Hanqin Tian, Bronte Tilbrook, Hiroyuki Tsujino, Francesco Tubiello, Guido R. van der Werf, Erik van Ooijen, Rik Wanninkhof, Michio Watanabe, Cathy Wimart-Rousseau, Dongxu Yang, Xiaojuan Yang, Wenping Yuan, Xu Yue, Sönke Zaehle, Jiye Zeng, and Bo Zheng
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 5301–5369, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-5301-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-5301-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The Global Carbon Budget 2023 describes the methodology, main results, and data sets used to quantify the anthropogenic emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) and their partitioning among the atmosphere, land ecosystems, and the ocean over the historical period (1750–2023). These living datasets are updated every year to provide the highest transparency and traceability in the reporting of CO2, the key driver of climate change.
Shuzhuang Feng, Fei Jiang, Zheng Wu, Hengmao Wang, Wei He, Yang Shen, Lingyu Zhang, Yanhua Zheng, Chenxi Lou, Ziqiang Jiang, and Weimin Ju
Geosci. Model Dev., 16, 5949–5977, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-5949-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-5949-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We document the system development and application of a Regional multi-Air Pollutant Assimilation System (RAPAS v1.0). This system is developed to optimize gridded source emissions of CO, SO2, NOx, primary PM2.5, and coarse PM10 on a regional scale via simultaneously assimilating surface measurements of CO, SO2, NO2, PM2.5, and PM10. A series of sensitivity experiments demonstrates the advantage of the “two-step” inversion strategy and the robustness of the system in estimating the emissions.
Fei Jiang, Hengmao Wang, Jing M. Chen, Weimin Ju, Xiangjun Tian, Shuzhuang Feng, Guicai Li, Zhuoqi Chen, Shupeng Zhang, Xuehe Lu, Jane Liu, Haikun Wang, Jun Wang, Wei He, and Mousong Wu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 1963–1985, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-1963-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-1963-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We present a 6-year inversion from 2010 to 2015 for the global and regional carbon fluxes using only the GOSAT XCO2 retrievals. We find that the XCO2 retrievals could significantly improve the modeling of atmospheric CO2 concentrations and that the inferred interannual variations in the terrestrial carbon fluxes in most land regions have a better relationship with the changes in severe drought area or leaf area index, or are more consistent with the previous estimates about drought impact.
Shuzhuang Feng, Fei Jiang, Yongguang Zhang, Huilin Chen, Honglin Zhuang, Shumin Wang, Shengxi Bai, Hengmao Wang, and Weimin Ju
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2669, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2669, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Using satellite data and advanced modeling, this study inverted daily high-resolution anthropogenic CH4 emissions across China and Shanxi Province. We found that China's 2022 CH4 emissions were 45.1 TgCH4·yr⁻¹, significantly lower than previous estimates, especially in coal mining and waste sectors. The inversion substantially reduced emission uncertainties and improved CH4 concentration simulations. These results suggest China’s climate mitigation burden may have been overestimated.
Rong Shang, Xudong Lin, Jing M. Chen, Yunjian Liang, Keyan Fang, Mingzhu Xu, Yulin Yan, Weimin Ju, Guirui Yu, Nianpeng He, Li Xu, Liangyun Liu, Jing Li, Wang Li, Jun Zhai, and Zhongmin Hu
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 17, 3219–3241, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-3219-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-3219-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Forest age is critical for carbon cycle modeling and effective forest management. Existing datasets, however, have low spatial resolutions or limited temporal coverage. This study introduces China's annual forest age dataset (CAFA), spanning 1986–2022 at a 30 m resolution. By tracking forest disturbances, we annually update ages. Validation shows small errors for disturbed forests and larger errors for undisturbed forests. CAFA can enhance carbon cycle modeling and forest management in China.
Peng Li, Rong Shang, Jing M. Chen, Huiguang Zhang, Xiaoping Zhang, Guoshuai Zhao, Hong Yan, Jun Xiao, Xudong Lin, Lingyun Fan, Rong Wang, Jianjie Cao, and Hongda Zeng
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1062, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1062, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study explored species-specific relationships between net primary productivity and forest age for seven forest species in subtropical China based on field data using the Semi-Empirical Model. Compared to nationwide relationships, these species-specific relationships improved simulations of aboveground biomass when using the process-based model. Our findings suggest that these species-specific relationships are crucial for accurate forest carbon modeling and management in subtropical China.
Pierre Friedlingstein, Michael O'Sullivan, Matthew W. Jones, Robbie M. Andrew, Judith Hauck, Peter Landschützer, Corinne Le Quéré, Hongmei Li, Ingrid T. Luijkx, Are Olsen, Glen P. Peters, Wouter Peters, Julia Pongratz, Clemens Schwingshackl, Stephen Sitch, Josep G. Canadell, Philippe Ciais, Robert B. Jackson, Simone R. Alin, Almut Arneth, Vivek Arora, Nicholas R. Bates, Meike Becker, Nicolas Bellouin, Carla F. Berghoff, Henry C. Bittig, Laurent Bopp, Patricia Cadule, Katie Campbell, Matthew A. Chamberlain, Naveen Chandra, Frédéric Chevallier, Louise P. Chini, Thomas Colligan, Jeanne Decayeux, Laique M. Djeutchouang, Xinyu Dou, Carolina Duran Rojas, Kazutaka Enyo, Wiley Evans, Amanda R. Fay, Richard A. Feely, Daniel J. Ford, Adrianna Foster, Thomas Gasser, Marion Gehlen, Thanos Gkritzalis, Giacomo Grassi, Luke Gregor, Nicolas Gruber, Özgür Gürses, Ian Harris, Matthew Hefner, Jens Heinke, George C. Hurtt, Yosuke Iida, Tatiana Ilyina, Andrew R. Jacobson, Atul K. Jain, Tereza Jarníková, Annika Jersild, Fei Jiang, Zhe Jin, Etsushi Kato, Ralph F. Keeling, Kees Klein Goldewijk, Jürgen Knauer, Jan Ivar Korsbakken, Xin Lan, Siv K. Lauvset, Nathalie Lefèvre, Zhu Liu, Junjie Liu, Lei Ma, Shamil Maksyutov, Gregg Marland, Nicolas Mayot, Patrick C. McGuire, Nicolas Metzl, Natalie M. Monacci, Eric J. Morgan, Shin-Ichiro Nakaoka, Craig Neill, Yosuke Niwa, Tobias Nützel, Lea Olivier, Tsuneo Ono, Paul I. Palmer, Denis Pierrot, Zhangcai Qin, Laure Resplandy, Alizée Roobaert, Thais M. Rosan, Christian Rödenbeck, Jörg Schwinger, T. Luke Smallman, Stephen M. Smith, Reinel Sospedra-Alfonso, Tobias Steinhoff, Qing Sun, Adrienne J. Sutton, Roland Séférian, Shintaro Takao, Hiroaki Tatebe, Hanqin Tian, Bronte Tilbrook, Olivier Torres, Etienne Tourigny, Hiroyuki Tsujino, Francesco Tubiello, Guido van der Werf, Rik Wanninkhof, Xuhui Wang, Dongxu Yang, Xiaojuan Yang, Zhen Yu, Wenping Yuan, Xu Yue, Sönke Zaehle, Ning Zeng, and Jiye Zeng
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 17, 965–1039, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-965-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-965-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The Global Carbon Budget 2024 describes the methodology, main results, and datasets used to quantify the anthropogenic emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) and their partitioning among the atmosphere, land ecosystems, and the ocean over the historical period (1750–2024). These living datasets are updated every year to provide the highest transparency and traceability in the reporting of CO2, the key driver of climate change.
Yu Mao, Weimin Ju, Hengmao Wang, Liangyun Liu, Haikun Wang, Shuzhuang Feng, Mengwei Jia, and Fei Jiang
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3672, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3672, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The Russia-Ukraine war in 2022 severely disrupted Ukraine’s economy, with significant reductions in industrial, transportation, and residential activities. Our research used satellite data to track changes in nitrogen oxide emissions, a key indicator of human activity, during the war. We found a 28 % decline in emissions, which was twice of the decrease caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. This study highlights how modern warfare can deeply impact both the environment and economic stability.
Xingyu Wang, Fei Jiang, Hengmao Wang, Zhengqi Zhang, Mousong Wu, Jun Wang, Wei He, Weimin Ju, and Jing M. Chen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 867–880, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-867-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-867-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The role of OCO-3 XCO2 retrievals in estimating global terrestrial carbon fluxes is unclear. We investigate this by assimilating OCO-3 XCO2 retrievals alone and in combination with OCO-2 XCO2. The assimilation of OCO-3 XCO2 alone underestimates global land sinks, mainly at high latitudes, due to the lack of observations beyond 52° S and 52° N, large variations in the number of data, and varying observation times, while the joint assimilation of OCO-2 and OCO-3 XCO2 has the best performance.
Ran Yan, Jun Wang, Weimin Ju, Xiuli Xing, Miao Yu, Meirong Wang, Jingye Tan, Xunmei Wang, Hengmao Wang, and Fei Jiang
Biogeosciences, 21, 5027–5043, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-5027-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-5027-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Our study reveals that the effects of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) on China's gross primary production (GPP) are basically opposite, with obvious seasonal changes. Soil moisture primarily influences GPP during ENSO events (except spring) and temperature during IOD events (except fall). Quantitatively, China's annual GPP displays modest positive anomalies during La Niña and negative anomalies in El Niño years, driven by significant seasonal variations.
Huajie Zhu, Mousong Wu, Fei Jiang, Michael Vossbeck, Thomas Kaminski, Xiuli Xing, Jun Wang, Weimin Ju, and Jing M. Chen
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 6337–6363, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-6337-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-6337-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In this work, we developed the Nanjing University Carbon Assimilation System (NUCAS v1.0). Data assimilation experiments were conducted to demonstrate the robustness and investigate the feasibility and applicability of NUCAS. The assimilation of ecosystem carbonyl sulfide (COS) fluxes improved the model performance in gross primary productivity, evapotranspiration, and sensible heat, showing that COS provides constraints on parameters relevant to carbon-, water-, and energy-related processes.
Huajie Zhu, Xiuli Xing, Mousong Wu, Weimin Ju, and Fei Jiang
Biogeosciences, 21, 3735–3760, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3735-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3735-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Ecosystem carbonyl sulfide (COS) fluxes were employed to optimize GPP estimation across ecosystems with the Biosphere-atmosphere Exchange Process Simulator (BEPS), which was developed for simulating the canopy COS uptake under its state-of-the-art two-leaf modeling framework. Our results showcased the efficacy of COS in improving model prediction and reducing prediction uncertainty of GPP and enhanced insights into the sensitivity, identifiability, and interactions of parameters related to COS.
Shuzhuang Feng, Fei Jiang, Tianlu Qian, Nan Wang, Mengwei Jia, Songci Zheng, Jiansong Chen, Fang Ying, and Weimin Ju
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 7481–7498, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-7481-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-7481-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We developed a multi-air-pollutant inversion system to estimate non-methane volatile organic compound (NMVOC) emissions using TROPOMI formaldehyde retrievals. We found that the inversion significantly improved formaldehyde simulations and reduced NMVOC emission uncertainties. The optimized NMVOC emissions effectively corrected the overestimation of O3 levels, mainly by decreasing the rate of the RO2 + NO reaction and increasing the rate of the NO2 + OH reaction.
Jiye Leng, Jing M. Chen, Wenyu Li, Xiangzhong Luo, Mingzhu Xu, Jane Liu, Rong Wang, Cheryl Rogers, Bolun Li, and Yulin Yan
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 1283–1300, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1283-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1283-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We produced a long-term global two-leaf gross primary productivity (GPP) and evapotranspiration (ET) dataset at the hourly time step by integrating a diagnostic process-based model with dynamic parameterizations. The new dataset provides us with a unique opportunity to study carbon and water fluxes at sub-daily time scales and advance our understanding of ecosystem functions in response to transient environmental changes.
Peng Li, Rong Shang, Jing M. Chen, Mingzhu Xu, Xudong Lin, Guirui Yu, Nianpeng He, and Li Xu
Biogeosciences, 21, 625–639, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-625-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-625-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The amount of carbon that forests gain from the atmosphere, called net primary productivity (NPP), changes a lot with age. These forest NPP–age relationships could be modeled from field survey data, but we are not sure which model works best. Here we tested five different models using 3121 field survey samples in China, and the semi-empirical mathematical (SEM) function was determined as the optimal. The relationships built by SEM can improve China's forest carbon modeling and prediction.
Pierre Friedlingstein, Michael O'Sullivan, Matthew W. Jones, Robbie M. Andrew, Dorothee C. E. Bakker, Judith Hauck, Peter Landschützer, Corinne Le Quéré, Ingrid T. Luijkx, Glen P. Peters, Wouter Peters, Julia Pongratz, Clemens Schwingshackl, Stephen Sitch, Josep G. Canadell, Philippe Ciais, Robert B. Jackson, Simone R. Alin, Peter Anthoni, Leticia Barbero, Nicholas R. Bates, Meike Becker, Nicolas Bellouin, Bertrand Decharme, Laurent Bopp, Ida Bagus Mandhara Brasika, Patricia Cadule, Matthew A. Chamberlain, Naveen Chandra, Thi-Tuyet-Trang Chau, Frédéric Chevallier, Louise P. Chini, Margot Cronin, Xinyu Dou, Kazutaka Enyo, Wiley Evans, Stefanie Falk, Richard A. Feely, Liang Feng, Daniel J. Ford, Thomas Gasser, Josefine Ghattas, Thanos Gkritzalis, Giacomo Grassi, Luke Gregor, Nicolas Gruber, Özgür Gürses, Ian Harris, Matthew Hefner, Jens Heinke, Richard A. Houghton, George C. Hurtt, Yosuke Iida, Tatiana Ilyina, Andrew R. Jacobson, Atul Jain, Tereza Jarníková, Annika Jersild, Fei Jiang, Zhe Jin, Fortunat Joos, Etsushi Kato, Ralph F. Keeling, Daniel Kennedy, Kees Klein Goldewijk, Jürgen Knauer, Jan Ivar Korsbakken, Arne Körtzinger, Xin Lan, Nathalie Lefèvre, Hongmei Li, Junjie Liu, Zhiqiang Liu, Lei Ma, Greg Marland, Nicolas Mayot, Patrick C. McGuire, Galen A. McKinley, Gesa Meyer, Eric J. Morgan, David R. Munro, Shin-Ichiro Nakaoka, Yosuke Niwa, Kevin M. O'Brien, Are Olsen, Abdirahman M. Omar, Tsuneo Ono, Melf Paulsen, Denis Pierrot, Katie Pocock, Benjamin Poulter, Carter M. Powis, Gregor Rehder, Laure Resplandy, Eddy Robertson, Christian Rödenbeck, Thais M. Rosan, Jörg Schwinger, Roland Séférian, T. Luke Smallman, Stephen M. Smith, Reinel Sospedra-Alfonso, Qing Sun, Adrienne J. Sutton, Colm Sweeney, Shintaro Takao, Pieter P. Tans, Hanqin Tian, Bronte Tilbrook, Hiroyuki Tsujino, Francesco Tubiello, Guido R. van der Werf, Erik van Ooijen, Rik Wanninkhof, Michio Watanabe, Cathy Wimart-Rousseau, Dongxu Yang, Xiaojuan Yang, Wenping Yuan, Xu Yue, Sönke Zaehle, Jiye Zeng, and Bo Zheng
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 5301–5369, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-5301-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-5301-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The Global Carbon Budget 2023 describes the methodology, main results, and data sets used to quantify the anthropogenic emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) and their partitioning among the atmosphere, land ecosystems, and the ocean over the historical period (1750–2023). These living datasets are updated every year to provide the highest transparency and traceability in the reporting of CO2, the key driver of climate change.
Minjie Zheng, Hongyu Liu, Florian Adolphi, Raimund Muscheler, Zhengyao Lu, Mousong Wu, and Nønne L. Prisle
Geosci. Model Dev., 16, 7037–7057, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-7037-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-7037-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The radionuclides 7Be and 10Be are useful tracers for atmospheric transport studies. Here we use the GEOS-Chem to simulate 7Be and 10Be with different production rates: the default production rate in GEOS-Chem and two from the state-of-the-art beryllium production model. We demonstrate that reduced uncertainties in the production rates can enhance the utility of 7Be and 10Be as tracers for evaluating transport and scavenging processes in global models.
Shanlei Sun, Zaoying Bi, Jingfeng Xiao, Yi Liu, Ge Sun, Weimin Ju, Chunwei Liu, Mengyuan Mu, Jinjian Li, Yang Zhou, Xiaoyuan Li, Yibo Liu, and Haishan Chen
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 4849–4876, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-4849-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-4849-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Based on various existing datasets, we comprehensively considered spatiotemporal differences in land surfaces and CO2 effects on plant stomatal resistance to parameterize the Shuttleworth–Wallace model, and we generated a global 5 km ensemble mean monthly potential evapotranspiration (PET) dataset (including potential transpiration PT and soil evaporation PE) during 1982–2015. The new dataset may be used by academic communities and various agencies to conduct various studies.
Shuzhuang Feng, Fei Jiang, Zheng Wu, Hengmao Wang, Wei He, Yang Shen, Lingyu Zhang, Yanhua Zheng, Chenxi Lou, Ziqiang Jiang, and Weimin Ju
Geosci. Model Dev., 16, 5949–5977, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-5949-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-5949-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We document the system development and application of a Regional multi-Air Pollutant Assimilation System (RAPAS v1.0). This system is developed to optimize gridded source emissions of CO, SO2, NOx, primary PM2.5, and coarse PM10 on a regional scale via simultaneously assimilating surface measurements of CO, SO2, NO2, PM2.5, and PM10. A series of sensitivity experiments demonstrates the advantage of the “two-step” inversion strategy and the robustness of the system in estimating the emissions.
Jing M. Chen, Rong Wang, Yihong Liu, Liming He, Holly Croft, Xiangzhong Luo, Han Wang, Nicholas G. Smith, Trevor F. Keenan, I. Colin Prentice, Yongguang Zhang, Weimin Ju, and Ning Dong
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 4077–4093, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-4077-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-4077-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Green leaves contain chlorophyll pigments that harvest light for photosynthesis and also emit chlorophyll fluorescence as a byproduct. Both chlorophyll pigments and fluorescence can be measured by Earth-orbiting satellite sensors. Here we demonstrate that leaf photosynthetic capacity can be reliably derived globally using these measurements. This new satellite-based information overcomes a bottleneck in global ecological research where such spatially explicit information is currently lacking.
Ruqi Yang, Jun Wang, Ning Zeng, Stephen Sitch, Wenhan Tang, Matthew Joseph McGrath, Qixiang Cai, Di Liu, Danica Lombardozzi, Hanqin Tian, Atul K. Jain, and Pengfei Han
Earth Syst. Dynam., 13, 833–849, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-13-833-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-13-833-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We comprehensively investigate historical GPP trends based on five kinds of GPP datasets and analyze the causes for any discrepancies among them. Results show contrasting behaviors between modeled and satellite-based GPP trends, and their inconsistencies are likely caused by the contrasting performance between satellite-derived and modeled leaf area index (LAI). Thus, the uncertainty in satellite-based GPP induced by LAI undermines its role in assessing the performance of DGVM simulations.
Fei Jiang, Hengmao Wang, Jing M. Chen, Weimin Ju, Xiangjun Tian, Shuzhuang Feng, Guicai Li, Zhuoqi Chen, Shupeng Zhang, Xuehe Lu, Jane Liu, Haikun Wang, Jun Wang, Wei He, and Mousong Wu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 1963–1985, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-1963-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-1963-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We present a 6-year inversion from 2010 to 2015 for the global and regional carbon fluxes using only the GOSAT XCO2 retrievals. We find that the XCO2 retrievals could significantly improve the modeling of atmospheric CO2 concentrations and that the inferred interannual variations in the terrestrial carbon fluxes in most land regions have a better relationship with the changes in severe drought area or leaf area index, or are more consistent with the previous estimates about drought impact.
Yi Zheng, Ruoque Shen, Yawen Wang, Xiangqian Li, Shuguang Liu, Shunlin Liang, Jing M. Chen, Weimin Ju, Li Zhang, and Wenping Yuan
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 2725–2746, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-2725-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-2725-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Accurately reproducing the interannual variations in vegetation gross primary production (GPP) is a major challenge. A global GPP dataset was generated by integrating the regulations of several major environmental variables with long-term changes. The dataset can effectively reproduce the spatial, seasonal, and particularly interannual variations in global GPP. Our study will contribute to accurate carbon flux estimates at long timescales.
Cited articles
Andres, R. J., Gregg, J. S., Losey, L., Marland, G., and Boden, T. A.:
Monthly, global emissions of carbon dioxide from fossil fuel consumption,
Tellus B, 63, 309–327, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0889.2011.00530.x,
2011.
Ballantyne, A. P., Alden, C. B., Miller, J. B., Tans, P. P., and White, J.
W. C.: Increase in observed net carbon dioxide uptake by land and oceans
during the past 50 years, Nature, 488, 70–72,
https://doi.org/10.1038/nature11299, 2012.
Bastos, A., Friedlingstein, P., Sitch, S., Chen, C., Mialon, A., Wigneron,
J.-P., Arora, V. K., Briggs, P. R., Canadell, J. G., and Ciais, P.: Impact
of the 2015/2016 El Niño on the terrestrial carbon cycle constrained by
bottom-up and top-down approaches, Philos. T. Roy. Soc. B, 373,
20170304, https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2017.0304, 2018.
Bastos, A., Fu, Z., Ciais, P., Friedlingstein, P., Sitch, S., Pongratz, J.,
Weber, U., Reichstein, M., Anthoni, P., Arneth, A., Haverd, V., Jain, A.,
Joetzjer, E., Knauer, J., Lienert, S., Loughran, T., McGuire, P. C.,
Obermeier, W., Padrón, R. S., Shi, H., Tian, H., Viovy, N., and Zaehle,
S.: Impacts of extreme summers on European ecosystems: a comparative
analysis of 2003, 2010 and 2018, Philos. T. Roy. Soc. B, 375, 20190507,
https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0507, 2020a.
Bastos, A., Ciais, P., Friedlingstein, P., Sitch, S., Pongratz, J., Fan, L.,
Wigneron, J., Weber, U., Reichstein, M., Fu, Z., Anthoni, P., Arneth, A.,
Haverd, V., Jain, A. K., Joetzjer, E., Knauer, J., Lienert, S., Loughran,
T., McGuire, P. C., Tian, H., Viovy, N., and Zaehle, S.: Direct and seasonal
legacy effects of the 2018 heat wave and drought on European ecosystem
productivity, Sci. Adv., 6, eaba2724,
https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aba2724, 2020b.
Basu, S., Guerlet, S., Butz, A., Houweling, S., Hasekamp, O., Aben, I., Krummel, P., Steele, P., Langenfelds, R., Torn, M., Biraud, S., Stephens, B., Andrews, A., and Worthy, D.: Global CO2 fluxes estimated from GOSAT retrievals of total column CO2, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 8695–8717, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-8695-2013, 2013.
Basu S., Lehman S. J., Miller J. B., Andrews A. E., Sweeney C., Gurney K.
R., Xu X., Southon J., and Tans P. P.: Estimating US fossil fuel CO2
emissions from measurements of 14C in atmospheric CO2,
P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 117, 13300–13307,
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1919032117, 2020.
Betts, R. A., Burton, C. A., Feely, R. A., Collins, M., Jones, C. D., and
Wiltshire, A. J.: ENSO and the Carbon Cycle, in: El Niño Southern
Oscillation in a Changing Climate, edited by: McPhaden, M. J., Santoso, A., and Cai, W., American Geophysical Union and John Wiley & Sons, Inc., https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119548164.ch20, 2020.
Bousquet, P., Peylin, P., Ciais, P., Le Quéré, C., Friedlingstein,
P., and Tans, P. P.: Regional Changes in Carbon Dioxide Fluxes of Land and
Oceans Since 1980, Science, 290, 1342–1346,
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.290.5495.1342, 2000.
Bowman, K. W., Liu, J., Bloom, A. A., Parazoo, N. C., Lee, M., Jiang, Z.,
Menemenlis, D., Gierach, M. M., Collatz, G. J., Gurney, K. R., and Wunch,
D.: Global and Brazilian carbon response to El Niño Modoki 2011–2010,
Earth Space Sci., 4, 637–660, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016EA000204, 2017.
Buitenhuis, E., Le Quéré, C., Aumont, O., Beaugrand, G., Bunker, A.,
Hirst, A., Ikeda, T., O'Brien, T., Piontkovski, S., and Straile, D.:
Biogeochemical fluxes through mesozooplankton, Global Biogeochem. Cy.,
20, GB2003, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GB002511, 2006.
Byrne, B., Liu, J., Bloom, A. A., Bowman, K. W., Butterfield, Z., Joiner,
J., Keenan, T. F., Keppel-Aleks, G., Parazoo, N. C., and Yin, Y.:
Contrasting regional carbon cycle responses to seasonal climate anomalies
across the east-west divide of temperate North America, Global Biogeochem.
Cy., 34, e2020GB006598, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GB006598, 2020.
Byrne, B., Liu, J., Lee, M., Yin, Y., Bowman, K. W., Miyazaki, K., Norton,
A. J., Joiner, J., Pollard, D. F., Griffith, D. W. T., Velazco, V. A.,
Deutscher, N. M., Jones, N. B., and Paton-Walsh, C.: The carbon cycle of
southeast Australia during 2019–2020: Drought, fires and subsequent
recovery, AGU Advances, 2, e2021AV000469,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2021AV000469, 2021.
Cervarich, M., Shu, S., Jain, A. K., Arneth, A., Canadell, J.,
Friedlingstein, P., Houghton, R. A., Kato, E., Koven, C., Patra, P.,
Poulter, B., Sitch, S., Stocker, B., Viovy, N., Wiltshire, A., and Zeng, N.:
The terrestrial carbon budget of South and Southeast Asia, Environ. Res.
Lett., 11, 105006, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/11/10/105006, 2016.
Chen, J. M., Liu, J., Cihlar, J., and Goulden, M. L.: Daily canopy
photosynthesis model through temporal and spatial scaling for remote sensing
applications, Ecol. Modell., 124, 99–119,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3800(99)00156-8, 1999.
Chen, J. M., Mo, G., and Deng, F.: A joint global carbon inversion system using both CO2 and 13CO2 atmospheric concentration data, Geosci. Model Dev., 10, 1131–1156, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-1131-2017, 2017.
Chen, J. M., Ju, W., Ciais, P., Viovy, N., Liu, R. G., Liu, Y., and Lu, X.
H.: Vegetation structural change since 1981 significantly enhanced the
terrestrial carbon sink, Nat. Commun., 10, 4259,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-12257-8, 2019.
Chevallier, F., Palmer, P. I., Feng, L., Boesch, H., O'Dell, C. W., and
Bousquet, P.: Toward robust and consistent regional CO2 flux estimates
from in situ and spaceborne measurements of atmospheric CO2, Geophys.
Res. Lett., 41, 1065–1070, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013GL058772, 2014.
Ciais, P., Reichstein, M., Viovy, N., Granier, A., Ogee, J., Allard, V.,
Aubinet, M., Buchmann, N., Bernhofer, C., Carrara, A., Chevallier, F., De
Noblet, N., Friend, A. D., Friedlingstein, P., Grunwald, T., Heinesch, B.,
Keronen, P., Knohl, A., Krinner, G., Loustau, D., Manca, G., Matteucci, G.,
Miglietta, F., Ourcival, J. M., Papale, D., Pilegaard, K., Rambal, S.,
Seufert, G., Soussana, J. F., Sanz, M. J., Schulze, E. D., Vesala, T., and
Valentini, R.: Europewide reduction in primary productivity caused by the
heat and drought in 2003, Nature, 437, 529–533,
https://doi.org/10.1038/nature03972, 2005.
Ciais, P., Borges, A. V., Abril, G., Meybeck, M., Folberth, G., Hauglustaine, D., and Janssens, I. A.: The impact of lateral carbon fluxes on the European carbon balance, Biogeosciences, 5, 1259–1271, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-5-1259-2008, 2008.
Ciais, P., Yao, Y., Gasser, T., Baccini, A., Wang, Y., Lauerwald, R., Peng,
S., Bastos, A., Li, W., Raymond, P. A., Canadell, J. G., Peters, G. P.,
Andres, R. J., Chang, J., Yue, C., Dolman, A. J., Haverd, V., Hartmann, J.,
Laruelle, G., Konings, A. J., King, A. W., Liu, Y., Luyssaert, S., Maignan,
F., Patra, P. K., Peregon, A., Regnier, P., Pongratz, J., Poulter, B.,
Shvidenko, A., Valentini, R., Wang, R., Broquet, G., Yin, Y., Zscheischler,
J., Guenet, B., Goll, D. S., Ballantyne, A. P., Yang, H., Qiu, C., and Zhu,
D.: Empirical estimates of regional carbon budgets imply reduced global soil
heterotrophic respiration, Nat. Sci. Rev., 8, nwaa145,
https://doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwaa145, 2021.
Ciais, P., Bastos, A., Chevallier, F., Lauerwald, R., Poulter, B., Canadell, J. G., Hugelius, G., Jackson, R. B., Jain, A., Jones, M., Kondo, M., Luijkx, I. T., Patra, P. K., Peters, W., Pongratz, J., Petrescu, A. M. R., Piao, S., Qiu, C., Von Randow, C., Regnier, P., Saunois, M., Scholes, R., Shvidenko, A., Tian, H., Yang, H., Wang, X., and Zheng, B.: Definitions and methods to estimate regional land carbon fluxes for the second phase of the REgional Carbon Cycle Assessment and Processes Project (RECCAP-2), Geosci. Model Dev., 15, 1289–1316, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-1289-2022, 2022.
Crisp, D., Pollock, H. R., Rosenberg, R., Chapsky, L., Lee, R. A. M., Oyafuso, F. A., Frankenberg, C., O'Dell, C. W., Bruegge, C. J., Doran, G. B., Eldering, A., Fisher, B. M., Fu, D., Gunson, M. R., Mandrake, L., Osterman, G. B., Schwandner, F. M., Sun, K., Taylor, T. E., Wennberg, P. O., and Wunch, D.: The on-orbit performance of the Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2) instrument and its radiometrically calibrated products, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 10, 59–81, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-10-59-2017, 2017.
Deng, F. and Chen, J. M.: Recent global CO2 flux inferred from atmospheric CO2 observations and its regional analyses, Biogeosciences, 8, 3263–3281, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-3263-2011, 2011.
Deng, F., Jones, D. B. A., O'Dell, C. W., Nassar, R., and Parazoo, N. C.:
Combining GOSAT XCO2 observations over land and ocean to improve
regional CO2 flux estimates, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 121, 1896–1913,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JD024157, 2016.
Detmers, R. G., Hasekamp, O., Aben, I., Houweling, S., van Leeuwen, T. T.,
Butz, A., Landgraf, J., Köhler, P., Guanter, L., and Poulter, B.:
Anomalous carbon uptake in Australia as seen by GOSAT, Geophys. Res. Lett.,
42, 8177–8184, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GL065161, 2015.
Doughty, C. E., Metcalfe, D. B., Girardin, C. A. J., Amezquita, F. F.,
Cabrera, D. G., Huasco, W. H., Silva-Espejo, J. E., Araujo-Murakami, A., da
Costa, M. C., Rocha, W., Feldpausch, T. R., Mendoza, A. L. M., da Costa, A.
C. L., Meir, P., Phillips, O. L., and Malhi, Y.: Drought impact on forest
carbon dynamics and fluxes in Amazonia, Nature, 519, 78–82,
https://doi.org/10.1038/nature14213, 2015.
Emmons, L. K., Walters, S., Hess, P. G., Lamarque, J.-F., Pfister, G. G., Fillmore, D., Granier, C., Guenther, A., Kinnison, D., Laepple, T., Orlando, J., Tie, X., Tyndall, G., Wiedinmyer, C., Baughcum, S. L., and Kloster, S.: Description and evaluation of the Model for Ozone and Related chemical Tracers, version 4 (MOZART-4), Geosci. Model Dev., 3, 43–67, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-3-43-2010, 2010.
Enting, I. G. and Newsam, G. N.: Atmospheric constituent inversion
problems: Implications for baseline monitoring, J. Atmos. Chem., 11, 69–87, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00053668, 1990.
Feng, S., Jiang, F., Wang, H., Wang, H., Ju, W., Shen, Y., Zheng, Y., Wu,
Z., and Ding, A.: NOx Emission Changes over China during the COVID-19
Epidemic Inferred from Surface NO2 Observations, Geophys. Res. Lett.,
47, e2020GL090080, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL090080, 2020.
Frank, D., Reichstein, M., Bahn, M., Thonicke, K., Frank, D., Mahecha, M. D.,
Smith, P., van der Velde, M., Vicca, S., Babst, F., Beer, C., Buchmann, N.,
Canadell, J. G., Ciais, P., Cramer, W., Ibrom, A., Miglietta, F., Poulter,
B., Rammig, A., Seneviratne, S. I., Walz, A., Wattenbach, M., Zavala, M. A.,
and Zscheischler, J.: Effects of climate extremes on the terrestrial carbon
cycle: concepts, processes and potential future impacts, Glob. Change Biol.,
21, 2861–2880, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12916, 2015.
Gahlot, S., Shu, S., Jain, A. K., and Roy, S. B.: Estimating trends and
variation of net biome productivity in India for 1980–2012 using a land
surface model, Geophys. Res. Lett., 44, 11573–11579,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GL075777, 2017.
Gasser, T., Crepin, L., Quilcaille, Y., Houghton, R. A., Ciais, P., and Obersteiner, M.: Historical CO2 emissions from land use and land cover change and their uncertainty, Biogeosciences, 17, 4075–4101, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4075-2020, 2020.
Gatti, L. V., Gloor, M., Miller, J. B., Doughty, C. E., Malhi, Y.,
Domingues, L. G., Basso, L. S., Martinewski, A., Correia, C. S. C., Borges,
V. F., Freitas, S., Braz, R., Anderson, L. O., Rocha, H., Grace, J.,
Phillips, O. L., and Lloyd, J.: Drought sensitivity of Amazonian carbon
balance revealed by atmospheric measurements, Nature, 506, 76–80,
https://doi.org/10.1038/nature12957, 2014.
Gatti, L. V., Correa, C. C. S., Domingues, L. G., Miller, J. B., Gloor, M.,
Martinewski, A., Basso, L. S., Santana, R., Crispim, S. P., Marani, L., and
Neves, R. L.: CO2 Vertical Profiles on Four Sites over Amazon from 2010
to 2018, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.926834, 2021.
Ghimire, B., Williams, C. A., Collatz, G. J., Vanderhoof, M., Rogan, J.,
Kulakowski, D., and Masek, J. G.: Large carbon release legacy from bark
beetle outbreaks across Western United States, Glob. Change Biol., 21,
3087–3101, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12933, 2015.
Graf, A., Klosterhalfen, A., Arriga, N., Bernhofer, C., Bogena, H., Bornet,
F., Brüggemann, N., Brümmer, C., Buchmann, N., Chi, J., Chipeaux,
C., Cremonese, E., Cuntz, M., Dušek, J., El-Madany, T. S., Fares, S.,
Fischer, M., Foltýnová, L., Gharun, M., Ghiasi, S., Gielen, B.,
Gottschalk, P., Grünwald, T., Heinemann, G., Heinesch, B., Heliasz, M.,
Holst, J., Hörtnagl, L., Ibrom, A., Ingwersen, J., Jurasinski, G.,
Klatt, J., Knohl, A., Koebsch, F., Konopka, J., Korkiakoski, M., Kowalska,
N., Kremer, P., Kruijt, B., Lafont, S., Léonard, J., De Ligne, A.,
Longdoz, B., Loustau, D., Magliulo, V., Mammarella, I., Manca, G., Mauder,
M., Migliavacca, M., Mölder, M., Neirynck, J., Ney, P., Nilsson, M.,
Paul-Limoges, E., Peichl, M., Pitacco, A., Poyda, A., Rebmann, C., Roland,
M., Sachs, T., Schmidt, M., Schrader, F., Siebicke, L., Šigut, L.,
Tuittila, E.-S., Varlagin, A., Vendrame, N., Vincke, C., Völksch, I.,
Weber, S., Wille, C., Wizemann, H.-D., Zeeman, M., and Vereecken, H.:
Altered energy partitioning across terrestrial ecosystems in the European
drought year 2018, Philos. T. Roy. Soc. B, 375, 20190524,
https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0524, 2020.
Guerlet, S., Basu, S., Butz, A., Krol, M., Hahne, P., Houweling, S.,
Hasekamp, O. P., and Aben, I.: Reduced carbon uptake during the 2010
Northern Hemisphere summer from GOSAT, Geophys. Res. Lett., 40, 2378–2383,
https://doi.org/10.1002/grl.50402, 2013.
Gurney, K. R., Law, R. M., Denning, A. S., Rayner, P. J., Baker, D.,
Bousquet, P., Bruhwiler, L., Chen, Y.-H., Ciais, P., Fan, S., Fung, I. Y.,
Gloor, M., Heimann, M., Higuchi, K., John, J., Maki, T., Maksyutov, S.,
Masarie, K., Peylin, P., Prather, M., Pak, B. C., Randerson, J., Sarmiento,
J., Taguchi, S., Takahashi, T., and Yuen, C.-W.: Towards robust regional
estimates of CO2 sources and sinks using atmospheric transport models,
Nature, 415, 626–630, https://doi.org/10.1038/415626a, 2002.
Gurney, K. R., Law, R. M., Denning, A. S., Rayner, P. J., Baker, D.,
Bousquet, P., Bruhwiler, L., Chen, Y. H. Ciais, P., Fan, S., Fung, I. Y.,
Gloor, M., Heimann, M., Higuchi, K., John, J., Kowalczyk, E., Maki, T.,
Maksyutov, S., Peylin, P., Prather, M., Pak, B. C., Sarmiento, J., Taguchi,
S., Takahashi, T., and Yuen, C. W.: Transcom 3 CO2 Inversion
Intercomparison: 1. Annual mean control results and sensitivity to transport
and prior flux information, Tellus B, 55, 555–579,
https://doi.org/10.3402/tellusb.v55i2.16728, 2003.
Hansis, E., Davis, S. J., and Pongratz, J.: Relevance of methodological
choices for accounting of land use change carbon fluxes, Global Biogeochem.
Cy., 29, 1230–1246, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GB004997, 2015.
He, W., Ju, W., Schwalm, C. R., Sippel, S., Wu, X., He, Q., Song, L., Zhang,
C., Li, J., Sitch, S., Viovy, N., Friedlingstein, P., and Jain, A.:
Large-Scale Droughts Responsible for Dramatic Reductions of Terrestrial Net Carbon Uptake Over North America in 2011 and 2012, J.
Geophys. Res.-Biogeo., 123, 2053–2071,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JG004520, 2018.
He, W., Jiang, F., Ju, W., Nguyen, T. N., Fang, M., He, Q., and Zhang, C.:
Ensemble Satellite Land Products Deepen the Interpretation of Drought
Impacts on Terrestrial Carbon Cycle in Europe Over 2001–2015, 2019 IEEE
International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, Yokohama, Japan, 28 July–2 August 2019, 9273–9276,
https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.2019.8898928, 2019.
Houghton, R. A. and Nassikas, A. A.: Global and regional fluxes of carbon
from land use and land cover change 1850–2015, Global Biogeochem. Cycle, 31,
456–472, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GB005546, 2017.
Houweling, S., Baker, D., Basu, S., Boesch, H., Butz, A., Chevallier, F.,
Deng, F., Dlugokencky, E. J., Feng, L., Ganshin, A., Hasekamp, O., Jones,
D., Maksyutov, S., Marshall, J., Oda, T., O'Dell, C. W., Oshchepkov, S.,
Palmer, P. I., Peylin, P., Poussi, Z., Reum, F., Takagi, H., Yoshida, Y.,
and Zhuravlev, R.: An intercomparison of inverse models for estimating
sources and sinks of CO2 using GOSAT measurements, J. Geophys.
Res.-Atmos., 120, 5253–5266, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JD022962, 2015.
Ishizawa, M., Mabuchi, K., Shirai, T., Inoue, M., Morino, I., Uchino, O.,
Yoshida, Y., Belikov, D., and Maksyutov, S.: Inter-annual variability of
summertime CO2 exchange in Northern Eurasia inferred from GOSAT
XCO2, Environ. Res. Lett., 11, 105001,
https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/11/10/105001, 2016.
Jiang, F.: A ten-year (2010–2019) global terrestrial NEE inferred from the
GOSAT v9 XCO2 retrievals (GCAS2021), Zenodo [data set],
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5829774, 2022.
Jiang, F., Wang, H. M., Chen, J. M., Machida, T., Zhou, L. X., Ju, W. M., Matsueda, H., and Sawa, Y.: Carbon balance of China constrained by CONTRAIL aircraft CO2 measurements, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 10133–10144, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-10133-2014, 2014.
Jiang, F., Chen, J. M., Zhou, L. X., Ju, W. M., Zhang, H. F., Machida T.,
Ciais, P., Peters, W., Wang, H. M., Chen, B. Z., Liu, L. X., Zhang, C. H.,
Matsueda, H., and Sawa, Y.: A comprehensive estimate of recent carbon sinks
in China using both top-down and bottom-up approaches, Sci. Rep.-UK, 6,
22130, https://doi.org/10.1038/srep22130, 2016.
Jiang, F., Wang, H., Chen, J. M., Ju, W., Tian, X., Feng, S., Li, G., Chen, Z., Zhang, S., Lu, X., Liu, J., Wang, H., Wang, J., He, W., and Wu, M.: Regional CO2 fluxes from 2010 to 2015 inferred from GOSAT XCO2 retrievals using a new version of the Global Carbon Assimilation System, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 1963–1985, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-1963-2021, 2021.
Jung, M., Reichstein, M., and Bondeau, A.: Towards global empirical upscaling of FLUXNET eddy covariance observations: validation of a model tree ensemble approach using a biosphere model, Biogeosciences, 6, 2001–2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-6-2001-2009, 2009.
Koren, G., Van Schaik, E., Araújo, A. C., Boersma, K. F., Gärtner, A.,
Killaars, L., Kooreman, M. L., Kruijt, B., Van der Laan-Luijkx, I. T., Von
Randow, C., Smith, N. E., and Peters, W.: Widespread reduction in sun-induced
fluorescence from the Amazon during the 2015/2016 El Niño, Philos.
T. Roy. Soc. B, 373, 20170408,
https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2017.0408, 2018.
Kulawik, S. S., Crowell, S., Baker, D., Liu, J., McKain, K., Sweeney, C., Biraud, S. C., Wofsy, S., O'Dell, C. W., Wennberg, P. O., Wunch, D., Roehl, C. M., Deutscher, N. M., Kiel, M., Griffith, D. W. T., Velazco, V. A., Notholt, J., Warneke, T., Petri, C., De Mazière, M., Sha, M. K., Sussmann, R., Rettinger, M., Pollard, D. F., Morino, I., Uchino, O., Hase, F., Feist, D. G., Roche, S., Strong, K., Kivi, R., Iraci, L., Shiomi, K., Dubey, M. K., Sepulveda, E., Rodriguez, O. E. G., Té, Y., Jeseck, P., Heikkinen, P., Dlugokencky, E. J., Gunson, M. R., Eldering, A., Crisp, D., Fisher, B., and Osterman, G. B.: Characterization of OCO-2 and ACOS-GOSAT biases and errors for CO2 flux estimates, Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss. [preprint], https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2019-257, 2019.
Kuze, A., Suto, H., Nakajima, M., and Hamazaki, T.: Thermal and near
infrared sensor for carbon observation Fourier-transform spectrometer on the
Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite for greenhouse gases monitoring, Appl.
Opt., 48, 6716, https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.48.006716, 2009.
Le Quéré, C., Rödenbeck, C., Buitenhuis, E. T., Conway, T. J.,
Langenfelds, R., Gomez, A., Labuschagne, C., Ramonet, M., Nakazawa, T.,
Metzl, N., Gillett, N., and Heimann, M.: Saturation of the southern ocean
CO2 sink due to recent climate change, Science 316, 1735–1738,
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1136188, 2007.
Li, X., Xiao, J., Kimball, J. S., Reichle, R. H., Scott, R. L., Litvak, M.
E., Bohrer, G., and Frankenberg, C.: Synergistic use of SMAP and OCO-2 data
in assessing the responses of ecosystem productivity to the 2018 U.S.
drought, Remote Sens. Environ., 251, 112062,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2020.112062, 2020.
Liu, J., Bowman, K. W., Lee, M., Henze, D. K., Bousserez, N., Brix, H.,
James Collatz, G., Menemenlis, D., Ott, L., Pawson, S., and Jones, D.:
Carbon monitoring system flux estimation and attribution: impact of
ACOS-GOSAT XCO2 sampling on the inference of terrestrial biospheric
sources and sinks, Tellus B, 66, 22486,
https://doi.org/10.3402/tellusb.v66.22486, 2014.
Liu, J., Bowman, K. W., Schimel, D. S., Parazoo, N. C., Jiang, Z., Lee, M.,
Bloom, A. A., Wunch, D., Frankenberg, C., Sun, Y., O'Dell, C. W., Gurney, K.
R., Menemenlis, D., Gierach, M., Crisp, D., and Eldering, A.: Contrasting
carbon cycle responses of the tropical continents to the 2015–2016 El
Niño, Science, 358, eaam5690, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aam5690,
2017.
Liu, J., Bowman, K., Parazoo, N. C., Bloom, A A., Wunch, D., Jiang, Z.,
Gurney, K. R., and Schimel, D.: Detecting drought impact on terrestrial
biosphere carbon fluxes over contiguous US with satellite observations,
Environ. Res. Lett., 13, 095003,
https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aad5ef, 2018.
Liu, J., Baskaran, L., Bowman, K., Schimel, D., Bloom, A. A., Parazoo, N. C., Oda, T., Carroll, D., Menemenlis, D., Joiner, J., Commane, R., Daube, B., Gatti, L. V., McKain, K., Miller, J., Stephens, B. B., Sweeney, C., and Wofsy, S.: Carbon Monitoring System Flux Net Biosphere Exchange 2020 (CMS-Flux NBE 2020), Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 299–330, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-299-2021, 2021.
Machida, T., Matsueda, H., Sawa, Y., Nakagawa, Y., Hirotani, K., Kondo, N.,
Goto, K., Ishikawa, K., Nakazawa, T., and Ogawa, T.: Worldwide measurements
of atmospheric CO2 and other trace gas species using commercial
airlines, J. Atmos. Ocean. Tech., 25, 1744–1754,
https://doi.org/10.1175/2008JTECHA1082.1, 2008.
Machida, T., Ishijima, K., Niwa, Y., Tsuboi, K., Sawa, Y., Matsueda, H., and
Sasakawa, M.: Atmospheric CO2 mole fraction data of CONTRAIL-CME,
ver.2020.1.0, Center for Global Environmental Research, NIES,
https://doi.org/10.17595/20180208.001, 2018.
Maksyutov, S., Takagi, H., Valsala, V. K., Saito, M., Oda, T., Saeki, T., Belikov, D. A., Saito, R., Ito, A., Yoshida, Y., Morino, I., Uchino, O., Andres, R. J., and Yokota, T.: Regional CO2 flux estimates for 2009–2010 based on GOSAT and ground-based CO2 observations, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 9351–9373, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-9351-2013, 2013.
Matsueda, H., Machida, T., Sawa, Y., Nakagawa, Y., Hirotani, K., Ikeda, H.,
Kondo, N., and Goto, K.: Evaluation of atmospheric CO2 measurements
from new flask air sampling of JAL airliner observations,
Pap. Meteorol.
Geophys., 59, 1–17, https://doi.org/10.2467/mripapers.59.1, 2008.
Matsueda, H., Machida, T., Sawa, Y., and Niwa, Y.: Long-term change of
CO2 latitudinal distribution in the upper troposphere, Geophys. Res.
Lett., 42, 2508–2514, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GL062768, 2015.
McKinley, G. A., Takahashi, T., Buitenhuis, E., Chai, F., Christian, J.R.,
Doney, S. C., Jiang, M. S., Lindsay, K., Moore, J. K., Le Quéré, C.,
Lima, I., Murtugudde, R., Shi, L., and Wetzel, P.: North Pacific carbon
cycle response to climate variability on seasonal to decadal timescales, J.
Geophys. Res., 111, C07S06, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JC003173, 2006.
Mu, M., Randerson, J. T., van der Werf, G. R., Giglio, L., Kasibhatla, P.,
Morton, D., Collatz, G. J., Defries, R. S., Hyer, E. J., Prins, E. M.,
Griffith, D. W. T., Wunch, D., Toon, G. C., Sherlock, V., and Wennberg, P.
O.: Daily and 3-hourly variability in global fire emissions and consequences
for atmospheric model predictions of carbon monoxide, J. Geophys.
Res.-Atmos., 116, D24303, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JD016245, 2011.
Nayak, R. K., Patel, N. R., and Dadhwal, V. K.: Spatio-temporal variability
of net ecosystem productivity over India and its relationship to climatic
variables, Environ. Earth Sci., 74, 1743–1753,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-015-4182-4, 2015.
Niwa, Y., Machida, T., Sawa, Y., Matsueda, H., Schuck, T. J.,
Brenninkmeijer, C. A. M., Imasu, R., and Satoh, M.: Imposing strong
constraints on tropical terrestrial CO2 fluxes using passenger aircraft
based measurements, J. Geophys. Res., 117, D11303,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2012JD017474, 2012.
OCO-2 Science Team (Gunson, M. and Eldering, A.): OCO-2 Level 2 bias-corrected XCO2 and other select fields from the full-physics retrieval aggregated as daily files, Retrospective processing V10r, Greenbelt, MD, USA, Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center (GES DISC), https://doi.org/10.5067/E4E140XDMPO2, 2020.
Oda, T., Maksyutov, S., and Andres, R. J.: The Open-source Data Inventory for Anthropogenic CO2, version 2016 (ODIAC2016): a global monthly fossil fuel CO2 gridded emissions data product for tracer transport simulations and surface flux inversions, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 10, 87–107, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-87-2018, 2018.
O'Dell, C. W., Eldering, A., Wennberg, P. O., Crisp, D., Gunson, M. R., Fisher, B., Frankenberg, C., Kiel, M., Lindqvist, H., Mandrake, L., Merrelli, A., Natraj, V., Nelson, R. R., Osterman, G. B., Payne, V. H., Taylor, T. E., Wunch, D., Drouin, B. J., Oyafuso, F., Chang, A., McDuffie, J., Smyth, M., Baker, D. F., Basu, S., Chevallier, F., Crowell, S. M. R., Feng, L., Palmer, P. I., Dubey, M., García, O. E., Griffith, D. W. T., Hase, F., Iraci, L. T., Kivi, R., Morino, I., Notholt, J., Ohyama, H., Petri, C., Roehl, C. M., Sha, M. K., Strong, K., Sussmann, R., Te, Y., Uchino, O., and Velazco, V. A.: Improved retrievals of carbon dioxide from Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 with the version 8 ACOS algorithm, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 11, 6539–6576, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-6539-2018, 2018.
Otto, F. E. L., Massey, N., van Oldenborgh, G. J., Jones, R. G., and Allen,
M. R.: Reconciling two approaches to attribution of the 2010 Russian heat
wave, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L04702, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011GL050422,
2012.
Palmer, P. I., Feng, L., Baker, D., Chevallier, F., Bösch, H., and
Somkuti, P.: Net carbon emissions from African biosphere dominate
pan-tropical atmospheric CO2 signal, Nat. Commun., 10, 3344,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-11097-w, 2019.
Patra, P. K., Canadell, J. G., Houghton, R. A., Piao, S. L., Oh, N.-H., Ciais, P., Manjunath, K. R., Chhabra, A., Wang, T., Bhattacharya, T., Bousquet, P., Hartman, J., Ito, A., Mayorga, E., Niwa, Y., Raymond, P. A., Sarma, V. V. S. S., and Lasco, R.: The carbon budget of South Asia, Biogeosciences, 10, 513–527, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-513-2013, 2013.
Peiro, H., Crowell, S., Schuh, A., Baker, D. F., O'Dell, C., Jacobson, A. R., Chevallier, F., Liu, J., Eldering, A., Crisp, D., Deng, F., Weir, B., Basu, S., Johnson, M. S., Philip, S., and Baker, I.: Four years of global carbon cycle observed from the Orbiting Carbon Observatory 2 (OCO-2) version 9 and in situ data and comparison to OCO-2 version 7, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 1097–1130, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-1097-2022, 2022.
Peylin, P., Law, R. M., Gurney, K. R., Chevallier, F., Jacobson, A. R., Maki, T., Niwa, Y., Patra, P. K., Peters, W., Rayner, P. J., Rödenbeck, C., van der Laan-Luijkx, I. T., and Zhang, X.: Global atmospheric carbon budget: results from an ensemble of atmospheric CO2 inversions, Biogeosciences, 10, 6699–6720, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-6699-2013, 2013.
Philip, S., Johnson, M. S., Potter, C., Genovesse, V., Baker, D. F., Haynes, K. D., Henze, D. K., Liu, J., and Poulter, B.: Prior biosphere model impact on global terrestrial CO2 fluxes estimated from OCO-2 retrievals, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 13267–13287, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-13267-2019, 2019.
Phillips, O. L., Aragão, L., Lewis, S. L., Fisher, J. B., Lloyd, J.,
López-González, G., Malhi, Y., Monteagudo, A., Peacock, J., Quesada,
C. A., van der Heijden, G., Almeida, S., Amaral, I., Arroyo, L., Aymard, G.,
Baker, T. R., Bánki, O., Blanc, L., Bonal, D., Brando, P., Chave, J., de
Oliveira, A. C. A., Cardozo, N. D., Czimczik, C. I., Feldpausch, T. R.,
Freitas, M. A., Gloor, E., Higuchi, N., Jiménez, E., Lloyd, G., Meir,
P., Mendoza, C., Morel, A., Neill, D. A., Nepstad, D., Patiño, S.,
Peñuela, M. C., Prieto, A., Ramírez, F., Schwarz, M., Silva, J.,
Silveira, M., Thomas, A. S., ter Steege, H., Stropp, J., Vásquez, R.,
Zelazowski, P., Dávila, E. A., Andelman, S., Andrade, A., Chao, K. J.,
Erwin, T., Di Fiore, A., Honorio, E., Keeling, H., Killeen, T. J., Laurance,
W. F., Cruz, A. P., Pitman, N. C. A., Vargas, P. N., Ramírez-Angulo,
H., Rudas, A., Salamao, R., Silva, N., Terborgh, J., and Torres-Lezama, A.:
Drought sensitivity of the Amazon forest, Science, 323, 1344–1347,
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1164033, 2009.
Piao, S., Wang, X., Wang, K., Li, X., Bastos, A., Canadell, J. G., Ciais,
P., Friedlingstein, P., and Sitch, S.: Interannual variation of terrestrial
carbon cycle: Issues and perspectives, Glob. Change Biol., 26, 300–318,
https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14884, 2020.
Potter, C., Klooster, S., Hiatt, C., Genovese, V., and Castilla-Rubio, J. C.: Changes in the carbon cycle of Amazon ecosystems during the 2010 drought, Environ. Res. Lett., 6, 034024, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/6/3/034024, 2011.
Quansah, E., Mauder, M., Balogun, A. A., Amekudzi, L. K., Hingerl, L.,
Bliefernicht, J., and Kunstmann, H.: Carbon dioxide fluxes from contrasting
ecosystems in the Sudanian Savanna in West Africa, Carbon Balanc. Manag.,
10, 1, https://doi.org/10.1186/s13021-014-0011-4, 2015.
Raczka, B., Hoar, T. J., Duarte, H. F., Fox, A. M., Anderson, J. L.,
Bowling, D. R., and Lin, J. C.: Improving CLM5.0 biomass and carbon exchange
across the Western United States using a data assimilation system, J. Adv.
Model. Earth Sy., 13, e2020MS002421, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020MS002421,
2021.
Ramo, R., Roteta, E., Bistinas, I., van Wees, D., Bastarrika, A., Chuvieco,
E., and van der Werf, G. R.: African burned area and fire carbon emissions
are strongly impacted by small fires undetected by coarse resolution
satellite data, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 118, e2011160118,
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2011160118, 2021.
Räsänen, M., Aurela, M., Vakkari, V., Beukes, J. P., Tuovinen, J.-P., Van Zyl, P. G., Josipovic, M., Venter, A. D., Jaars, K., Siebert, S. J., Laurila, T., Rinne, J., and Laakso, L.: Carbon balance of a grazed savanna grassland ecosystem in South Africa, Biogeosciences, 14, 1039–1054, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-1039-2017, 2017.
Reichstein, M., Bahn, M., Ciais, P., Frank, D., Mahecha, M. D., Seneviratne,
S. I., Zscheischler, J., Beer, C., Buchmann, N., Frank, D. C., Papale, D.,
Rammig, A., Smith, P., Thonicke, K., van der Velde, M., Vicca, S., Walz, A.,
and Wattenbach, M.: Climate extremes and the carbon cycle, Nature, 500,
287–295, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature12350, 2013.
Rödenbeck, C., Houweling, S., Gloor, M., and Heimann, M.: CO2 flux history 1982–2001 inferred from atmospheric data using a global inversion of atmospheric transport, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 3, 1919–1964, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-3-1919-2003, 2003.
Saeki, T., Maksyutov, S., Saito, M., Valsala, V., Oda, T., An- dres, R. J.,
Belikov, D., Tans, P., Dlugokencky, E., Yoshida, Y., Morino, I., Uchino, O.,
and Yokota, T.: Inverse modeling of CO2 fluxes using GOSAT data and
multi-year ground-based observations, SOLA, 9, 45–50,
https://doi.org/10.2151/sola.2013-011, 2013.
Schuldt, K., Mund, J., Luijkx, I. T., Jacobson, A. R., Aalto, T., Abshire,
J. B., Aikin, K., Andrews, A., Aoki, S., Apadula, F., Baier, B., Bakwin, P.,
Bartyzel, J., Bentz, G., Bergamaschi, P., Beyersdorf, A., Biermann, T.,
Biraud, S. C., Bowling, D., Brailsford, G., Chen, G., Chen, H., Chmura, L.,
Clark, S., Climadat, S., Colomb, A., Commane, R., Conil, S., Cox, A.,
Cristofanelli, P., Cuevas, E., Curcoll, R., Daube, B., Davis, K., De
Mazière, M., De Wekker, S., Coletta, J. D., Delmotte, M., DiGangi, J.
P., Dlugokencky, E., Elkins, J. W., Emmenegger, L., Fischer, M. L., Forster,
G., Frumau, A., Galkowski, M., Gatti, L. V., Gheusi, F., Gloor, E.,
Gomez-Trueba, V., Goto, D., Griffis, T., Hammer, S., Hanson, C., Haszpra,
L., Hatakka, J., Heliasz, M., Hensen, A., Hermanssen, O., Hintsa, E., Holst,
J., Jaffe, D., Joubert, W., Karion, A., Kawa, S. R., Keeling, R., Keronen,
P., Kolari, P., Kominkova, K., Kort, E., Krummel, P., Kubistin, D.,
Labuschagne, C., Langenfelds, R., Laurent, O., Laurila, T., Lauvaux, T.,
Law, B., Lee, J., Lehner, I., Leuenberger, M., Levin, I., Levula, J., Lin,
J., Lindauer, M., Loh, Z., Lopez, M., Machida, T., Mammarella, I., Manca,
G., Manning, A., Manning, A., Marek, M. V., Martin, M. Y., Matsueda, H.,
McKain, K., Meijer, H., Meinhardt, F., Merchant, L., Mihalopoulos, N.,
Miles, N., Miller, J. B., Miller, C. E., Mitchell, L., Montzka, S., Moore,
F., Morgan, E., Morgui, J.-A., Morimoto, S., Munger, B., Myhre, C. L.,
Mölder, M., Müller-Williams, J., Necki, J., Newman, S., Nichol, S.,
Niwa, Y., O'Doherty, S., Paplawsky, B., Peischl, J., Peltola, O., Pichon, J.
M., Piper, S., Plass-Duelmer, C., Ramonet, M., Ramos, R., Reyes-Sanchez, E.,
Richardson, S., Riris, H., Rivas, P. P., Ryerson, T., Saito, K., Sargent,
M., Sawa, Y., Say, D., Scheeren, B., Schmidt, M., Schumacher, M., Sha, M.
K., Shepson, P., Shook, M., Sloop, C. D., Smith, P., Steinbacher, M.,
Stephens, B., Sweeney, C., Tans, P., Thoning, K., Torn, M., Trisolino, P.,
Turnbull, J., Tørseth, K., Vermeulen, A., Viner, B., Vitkova, G., Walker,
S., Weyrauch, D., Wofsy, S., Worthy, D., Young, D., Zimnoch, M., van
Dinther, D., and van den Bulk P.: Multi-laboratory compilation of
atmospheric carbon dioxide data for the period 1957–2019,
obspack_co2_1_GLOBALVIEWplus_v6.0_2020-09-11, NOAA Earth
System Research Laboratory, Global Monitoring Laboratory,
https://doi.org/10.25925/20200903, 2020.
Sitch, S., Friedlingstein, P., Gruber, N., Jones, S. D., Murray-Tortarolo, G., Ahlström, A., Doney, S. C., Graven, H., Heinze, C., Huntingford, C., Levis, S., Levy, P. E., Lomas, M., Poulter, B., Viovy, N., Zaehle, S., Zeng, N., Arneth, A., Bonan, G., Bopp, L., Canadell, J. G., Chevallier, F., Ciais, P., Ellis, R., Gloor, M., Peylin, P., Piao, S. L., Le Quéré, C., Smith, B., Zhu, Z., and Myneni, R.: Recent trends and drivers of regional sources and sinks of carbon dioxide, Biogeosciences, 12, 653–679, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-653-2015, 2015.
Sleeter, B. M., Liu J., Daniel, C., Rayfield, B., Sherba, J., Hawbaker, T.
J., Zhu, Z., Selmants, P. C., and Loveland, T. R.: Effects of contemporary
land-use and land-cover change on the carbon balance of terrestrial
ecosystems in the United States, Environ. Res. Lett., 13, 045006,
https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aab540, 2018.
Swathi, P. S., Indira, N. K., and Ramonet M.: Estimation of Carbon dioxide
fluxes between land, ocean and atmosphere during 2006–2011 with a 4-D
variational assimilation scheme and special reference to Asia, Climate
Change and Green Chemistry of CO2 sequestration, edited by:
Goel, M., Satyanarayana, T., and Agrawal, D. P., Springer-Nature Pte Ltd,
Singapore, 289–310, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-0029-6_17,
2021.
Takagi, H., Saeki, T., Oda, T., Saito, M., Valsala, V., Belikov, D., Saito,
R., Yoshida, Y., Morino, I., Uchino, O., Andres, R. J., Yokota, T., and
Maksyutov, S.: On the Benefit of GOSAT Observations to the Estimation of
Regional CO2 Fluxes, SOLA, 7, 161–164,
https://doi.org/10.2151/sola.2011-041, 2011.
Takahashi, T., Sutherland, S. C., Wanninkhof, R., Sweeney, C., Feely, R. A.,
Chipman, D. W., Hales, B., Friederich, G., Chavez, F., Sabine, C., Watson,
A., Bakker, D. C. E., Schuster, U., Metzl, N., Yoshikawa-Inoue, H., Ishii,
M., Midorikawa, T., Nojiri, Y., Körtzinger, A., Steinhoff, T., Hoppema,
M., Olafsson, J., Arnarson, T. S., Tilbrook, B., Johannessen, T., Olsen, A.,
Bellerby, R., Wong, C. S., Delille, B., Bates, N. R., and de Baar, H. J. W.:
Climatological mean and decadal change in surface ocean pCO2, and net
sea-air CO2 flux over the global oceans, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 56, 554–577,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.12.009, 2009.
Taylor, T. E., O'Dell, C. W., Crisp, D., Kuze, A., Lindqvist, H., Wennberg, P. O., Chatterjee, A., Gunson, M., Eldering, A., Fisher, B., Kiel, M., Nelson, R. R., Merrelli, A., Osterman, G., Chevallier, F., Palmer, P. I., Feng, L., Deutscher, N. M., Dubey, M. K., Feist, D. G., García, O. E., Griffith, D. W. T., Hase, F., Iraci, L. T., Kivi, R., Liu, C., De Mazière, M., Morino, I., Notholt, J., Oh, Y.-S., Ohyama, H., Pollard, D. F., Rettinger, M., Schneider, M., Roehl, C. M., Sha, M. K., Shiomi, K., Strong, K., Sussmann, R., Té, Y., Velazco, V. A., Vrekoussis, M., Warneke, T., and Wunch, D.: An 11-year record of XCO2 estimates derived from GOSAT measurements using the NASA ACOS version 9 retrieval algorithm, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 325–360, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-325-2022, 2022.
Thompson, R. L., Patra, P. K., Chevallier, F., Maksyutov, S., Law, R. M.,
Ziehn, T., van der Laan-Luijkx, I. T., Peters, W., Ganshin, A., Zhuravlev,
R., Maki, T., Nakamura, T., Shirai, T., Ishizawa, M., Saeki, T., Machida,
T., Poulter, B., Canadell, J. G., and Ciais, P.: Top–down assessment of the
Asian carbon budget since the mid 1990s, Nat. Commun., 7, 1–10,
https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms10724, 2016.
Tilmes, S.: GEOS5 Global Atmosphere Forcing Data, Research Data Archive at the National Center for Atmospheric Research, Computational and Information Systems Laboratory, https://doi.org/10.5065/QTSA-G775, 2016.
Valentini, R., Arneth, A., Bombelli, A., Castaldi, S., Cazzolla Gatti, R., Chevallier, F., Ciais, P., Grieco, E., Hartmann, J., Henry, M., Houghton, R. A., Jung, M., Kutsch, W. L., Malhi, Y., Mayorga, E., Merbold, L., Murray-Tortarolo, G., Papale, D., Peylin, P., Poulter, B., Raymond, P. A., Santini, M., Sitch, S., Vaglio Laurin, G., van der Werf, G. R., Williams, C. A., and Scholes, R. J.: A full greenhouse gases budget of Africa: synthesis, uncertainties, and vulnerabilities, Biogeosciences, 11, 381–407, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-381-2014, 2014.
Valsala, V., Maksyutov, S., Telszewski, M., Nakaoka, S., Nojiri, Y., Ikeda, M., and Murtugudde, R.: Climate impacts on the structures of the North Pacific air-sea CO2 flux variability, Biogeosciences, 9, 477–492, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-477-2012, 2012.
van der Laan-Luijkx, I. T., van der Velde, I. R., Krol, M. C., Gatti, L. V.,
Domingues, L. G., Correia, C. S. C., Miller, J. B., Gloor, M., van Leeuwen,
T. T., Kaiser, J. W., Wiedinmyer, C., Basu, S., Clerbaux, C., and Peters,
W.: Response of the Amazon carbon balance to the 2010 drought derived with
CarbonTracker South America, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 29, 1092–1108,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GB005082, 2015.
van der Werf, G. R., Randerson, J. T., Giglio, L., van Leeuwen, T. T., Chen, Y., Rogers, B. M., Mu, M., van Marle, M. J. E., Morton, D. C., Collatz, G. J., Yokelson, R. J., and Kasibhatla, P. S.: Global fire emissions estimates during 1997–2016, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 9, 697–720, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-9-697-2017, 2017.
Veenendaal, M. E., Kolle, O., and Lloyd, J.: Seasonal variation in energy fluxes and
carbon dioxide exchange for a broad leaved semi-arid savanna (Mopane
woodland) in Southern Africa, Glob. Change Biol., 10, 318–328,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2003.00699.x, 2004.
Wang, H., Jiang, F., Wang, J., Ju, W., and Chen, J. M.: Terrestrial ecosystem carbon flux estimated using GOSAT and OCO-2 XCO2 retrievals, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 12067–12082, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-12067-2019, 2019.
Wang, J., Zeng, N., Wang, M., Jiang, F., Chen, J., Friedlingstein, P., Jain, A. K., Jiang, Z., Ju, W., Lienert, S., Nabel, J., Sitch, S., Viovy, N., Wang, H., and Wiltshire, A. J.: Contrasting interannual atmospheric CO2 variabilities and their terrestrial mechanisms for two types of El Niños, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 10333–10345, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-10333-2018, 2018.
Wang, J., Jiang, F., Wang, H., Qiu, B., Wu, M. S., He, W., Ju, W. M., Zhang,
Y. G., Chen, J. M., and Zhou, Y. L.: Constraining global terrestrial gross
primary productivity in a global carbon assimilation system with OCO-2
chlorophyll fluorescence data, Agr. Forest Meteorol., 304–305, 108424,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2021.108424, 2021a.
Wang, J., Wang, M. R., Kim, J. S., Joiner, J., Zeng, N., Jiang, F., Wang,
H., He, W., Wu, M. S., Chen, T. X., Ju, W. M., and Chen, J. M.: Modulation of
land photosynthesis by the Indian Ocean Dipole: satellite-based observations
and CMIP6 future projections, Earth's Future, 9, e2020EF001942,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2020EF001942, 2021b.
Wang, S., Zhang, Y., Ju, W, Porcar-Castell, A., Ye, S., Zhang, Z., Brummer,
C., Urbaniak, M., Mammarella, I., Juszczak, R., and Boersma, K. F.: Warmer
spring alleviated the impacts of 2018 European summer heatwave and drought
on vegetation photosynthesis, Agr. Forest Meteorol., 295, 108195,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2020.108195, 2020.
Whitaker, J. S. and Hamill, T. M.: Ensemble data assimilation without
perturbed observations, Mon. Weather Rev., 130, 1913–1924,
https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(2002)130<1913:Edawpo>2.0.Co;2, 2002.
Wofsy, S. C.: HIAPER Pole-to-Pole Observations (HIPPO): Fine-grained,
global-scale measurements of climatically important atmospheric gases and
aerosols, Philos. T. Roy. Soc. A, 369, 2073–2086,
https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2010.0313, 2011.
Wolf, S., Keenan, T. F., Fisher, J. B., Baldocchi, D. D., Desai, A. R.,
Richardson, A. D., Scott, R. L., Law, B. E., Litvak, M. E., Brunsell, N. A.,
Peters, W., and van der Laan-Luijkx, I. T.: Warm spring reduced carbon cycle
impact of the 2012 US summer drought, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 113, 5880–5885, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1519620113, 2016.
Zeng, J., Matsunaga, T., Tan, Z. H., Saigusa, N., Shirai, T., Tang, Y.,
Peng, S., and Fukuda, Y.: Global terrestrial carbon fluxes of 1999–2019
estimated by upscaling eddy covariance data with a random forest, Sci. Data,
7, 313, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-020-00653-5, 2020.
Zhao, M. S. and Running, S. W.: Drought-Induced Reduction in Global
Terrestrial Net Primary Production from 2000 Through 2009, Science, 329,
940–943, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1192666, 2010.
Short summary
A 10-year (2010–2019) global monthly terrestrial NEE dataset (GCAS2021) was inferred from the GOSAT ACOS v9 XCO2 product. It shows strong carbon sinks over eastern N. America, the Amazon, the Congo Basin, Europe, boreal forests, southern China, and Southeast Asia. It has good quality and can reflect the impacts of extreme climates and large-scale climate anomalies on carbon fluxes well. We believe that this dataset can contribute to regional carbon budget assessment and carbon dynamics research.
A 10-year (2010–2019) global monthly terrestrial NEE dataset (GCAS2021) was inferred from the...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint