Articles | Volume 13, issue 10
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-4711-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Special issue:
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-4711-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
The NIEER AVHRR snow cover extent product over China – a long-term daily snow record for regional climate research
Heihe Remote Sensing Experimental Research Station, Northwest
Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences,
Lanzhou 730000, China
Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing of Gansu Province, Northwest
Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences,
Lanzhou 730000, China
Guanghui Huang
College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University,
Lanzhou 730000, China
Heihe Remote Sensing Experimental Research Station, Northwest
Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences,
Lanzhou 730000, China
Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing of Gansu Province, Northwest
Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences,
Lanzhou 730000, China
Wenzheng Ji
Heihe Remote Sensing Experimental Research Station, Northwest
Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences,
Lanzhou 730000, China
Xingliang Sun
Heihe Remote Sensing Experimental Research Station, Northwest
Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences,
Lanzhou 730000, China
Engineering Laboratory for National Geographic State Monitoring,
Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
Qin Zhao
Heihe Remote Sensing Experimental Research Station, Northwest
Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences,
Lanzhou 730000, China
Hongyu Zhao
Heihe Remote Sensing Experimental Research Station, Northwest
Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences,
Lanzhou 730000, China
Jian Wang
Heihe Remote Sensing Experimental Research Station, Northwest
Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences,
Lanzhou 730000, China
Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing of Gansu Province, Northwest
Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences,
Lanzhou 730000, China
Hongyi Li
Heihe Remote Sensing Experimental Research Station, Northwest
Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences,
Lanzhou 730000, China
Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing of Gansu Province, Northwest
Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences,
Lanzhou 730000, China
Qian Yang
School of Geomatics and Prospecting Engineering, Jilin Jianzhu
University, Changchun 130118, China
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66 citations as recorded by crossref.
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- Investigating snow cover duration changes based on a cloud-free snow cover product developed using a spatiotemporal cloud removal method for Northeast China D. Yan & Y. Zhang
- Fusing daily snow water equivalent from 1980 to 2020 in China using a spatiotemporal XGBoost model L. Sun et al.
- Introduction to a 45-year (1979–2023) global daily snow cover fraction product from multiple AVHRR satellites with accuracy assessment X. Xiao et al.
- A dataset of snow cover phenology in China based on AVHRR from 1980 to 2020 X. HAO et al.
- Response of runoff and its components to climate change in the Manas River of the Tian Shan Mountains Z. Yang & P. Bai
- A New Retrieval Algorithm of Fractional Snow over the Tibetan Plateau Derived from AVH09C1 H. Yin et al.
- A novel fine-resolution snow depth retrieval model to reveal detailed spatiotemporal patterns of snow cover in Northeast China Y. Wei et al.
- The Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal play a key role in extreme precipitation during the snow season over the Tibetan Plateau W. Wang et al.
- Classification of Snow Cover Persistence across China H. Li et al.
- Towards a gapless 1 km fractional snow cover via a data fusion framework X. Xiao et al.
- Snow Density Retrieval Based on Sentinel-2 Multispectral Data and Deep Learning S. Yang et al.
- Increased snow cover enhances gross primary productivity in cold and dry regions of the Tibetan Plateau H. Liu et al.
- Application of the ESTARFM algorithm for fusing Sentinel-2 and MODIS NDSI series in the eastern Qilian Mountains H. Guo et al.
- Spatio-temporal variation in snow cover area and its fragmentation in Northeast China J. Gu et al.
- Polar regions are critical in achieving global sustainable development goals X. Li et al.
- Evaluation of Downward Shortwave Radiation Products Over the Loess Plateau Q. Tian et al.
- The continuing shrinkage of snow cover in High Mountain Asia over the last four decades Y. Li et al.
- Mapping snow cover frequency at 30 m for studying seasonal variations and topographic controls on the Tibetan Plateau G. Wang et al.
- A soil temperature dataset based on random forest in the Three River Source Region X. Tan et al.
- Unraveling the effects of snow cover change on vegetation productivity: Insights from underlying surface types Y. Wang et al.
- A Novel Approach for Cloud-Free MODIS NDSI Reconstruction on the Tibetan Plateau Combining Spatiotemporal Cube and Environmental Features L. Dong et al.
- Detection of Snow Cover from Historical and Recent AVHHR Data—A Thematic TIMELINE Processor S. Rößler & A. Dietz
- Identifying Wet and Dry Snow With Dual-Polarized C-Band SAR Data Based on Markov Random Field Model C. Liu et al.
- Extraction of snow melting duration and its spatiotemporal variations in the Tibetan Plateau based on MODIS product H. Jin et al.
- Inconsistent response patterns of snow cover duration and snow depth over the Tibetan Plateau to global warming Y. Jiang et al.
- Daily seamless 30-m fractional snow cover mapping via an adaptive Time-Series approach C. Zhang et al.
- Towards large-scale daily snow density mapping with spatiotemporally aware model and multi-source data H. Wang et al.
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- A Downscaling Algorithm for Snow Cover Extent Over the Tibetan Plateau Based on a Similar Conditional Probability and Otsu’s Method Y. Shen et al.
- Optimizing Cloud Mask Accuracy over Snow-Covered Terrain with a Multistage Decision Tree Framework Q. Zhao et al.
- Spatiotemporal patterns of snow anomalies on the Tibetan Plateau from 1980 to 2020 Y. Ma et al.
- Teleconnections among tipping elements in the Earth system T. Liu et al.
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- Investigating the Effects of Snow Cover and Vegetation on Soil Temperature Using Remote Sensing Indicators in the Three River Source Region, China X. Tan et al.
- Development and Evaluation of a Cloud-Gap-Filled MODIS Normalized Difference Snow Index Product over High Mountain Asia G. Deng et al.
- Development of a cloud-free MODIS NDSI dataset (2001–2020) over Northeast China H. Guo et al.
- A new snow depth data set over northern China derived using GNSS interferometric reflectometry from a continuously operating network (GSnow-CHINA v1.0, 2013–2022) W. Wan et al.
- Detection of Wet Snow by Weakly Supervised Deep Learning Change Detection Algorithm with Sentinel-1 Data H. Gong et al.
- A New Index for Snow/Ice/Ice‐Snow Discrimination Based on BRDF Characteristic Observation Data W. Ji et al.
- A dataset of Landsat 8 snow coverage in the central and eastern Himalayas from 2013 to 2020 S. HE et al.
- Development and validation of a new MODIS snow-cover-extent product over China X. Hao et al.
- Advances and prospects in reconstruction approaches for snow cover mapping using polar-orbiting satellites J. Zhang et al.
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- The Evaluation of Snow Depth Simulated by Different Land Surface Models in China Based on Station Observations S. Sun et al.
- Historical and real-time estimation of snow depth in Eurasia based on multiple passive microwave data L. Dai et al.
- A long-term daily 500 m snow cover extent product over China (1981–2000) Y. Shen et al.
- Integrating ecological networks and multi-scenario optimization: a novel framework for constructing ecological security patterns Z. Jia et al.
- Retrieval of Fractional Snow Cover over High Mountain Asia Using 1 km and 5 km AVHRR/2 with Simulated Mid-Infrared Reflective Band F. Pan et al.
- A Snow Depth Downscaling Algorithm Based on Deep Learning Fusion of Enhanced Passive Microwave and Cloud-Free Optical Remote Sensing Data in China Z. Zhao et al.
- Autumn snow expansion and spring divergence in Northeast China (2000–2020) Y. Xiao et al.
- Analysis of runoff components and their responses to climate change in the Manas River Basin, Xinjiang, China C. Zhang et al.
- Enhancing snow depth estimation in forested regions of the northern hemisphere: A physically-constrained machine learning approach with spatiotemporal dynamics Y. Wei et al.
- Snow Cover Mapping From Chinese Geostationary Meteorological Satellite FY-2F VISSR-II Data Using Random Forest Classifier H. Hu et al.
- MODIS daily cloud-gap-filled fractional snow cover dataset of the Asian Water Tower region (2000–2022) F. Pan et al.
- Persistent Reduction in Snow Mass Over China: Evidence From 40 Years of Satellite Observations Y. Li et al.
- Seasonal snow depth dataset over flat terrains in the Northern Hemisphere based on ICESat-2 data from 2018 to 2020 D. Feng et al.
- STAR NDSI collection: a cloud-free MODIS NDSI dataset (2001–2020) for China Y. Jing et al.
- Spatial Trend and Impact of Snowmelt Rate in Spring across China’s Three Main Stable Snow Cover Regions over the Past 40 Years Based on Remote Sensing X. Wu et al.
- A dataset for in situ snow characteristics in China (2017–2020) L. DAI et al.
- Characteristics and Attribution of Spatiotemporal Changes in Qilian Mountains' Runoff Over the Past Six Decades Z. Liu et al.
- Mapping snow depth distribution from 1980 to 2020 on the tibetan plateau using multi-source remote sensing data and downscaling techniques Y. Ma et al.
- CSEA: An electronic atlas of the spatiotemporal distribution of snow cover in China X. ZHANG et al.
66 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Effective Improvement of the Accuracy of Snow Cover Discrimination Using a Random Forests Algorithm Considering Multiple Factors: A Case Study of the Three-Rivers Headwater Region, Tibet Plateau R. He et al.
- Investigating snow cover duration changes based on a cloud-free snow cover product developed using a spatiotemporal cloud removal method for Northeast China D. Yan & Y. Zhang
- Fusing daily snow water equivalent from 1980 to 2020 in China using a spatiotemporal XGBoost model L. Sun et al.
- Introduction to a 45-year (1979–2023) global daily snow cover fraction product from multiple AVHRR satellites with accuracy assessment X. Xiao et al.
- A dataset of snow cover phenology in China based on AVHRR from 1980 to 2020 X. HAO et al.
- Response of runoff and its components to climate change in the Manas River of the Tian Shan Mountains Z. Yang & P. Bai
- A New Retrieval Algorithm of Fractional Snow over the Tibetan Plateau Derived from AVH09C1 H. Yin et al.
- A novel fine-resolution snow depth retrieval model to reveal detailed spatiotemporal patterns of snow cover in Northeast China Y. Wei et al.
- The Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal play a key role in extreme precipitation during the snow season over the Tibetan Plateau W. Wang et al.
- Classification of Snow Cover Persistence across China H. Li et al.
- Towards a gapless 1 km fractional snow cover via a data fusion framework X. Xiao et al.
- Snow Density Retrieval Based on Sentinel-2 Multispectral Data and Deep Learning S. Yang et al.
- Increased snow cover enhances gross primary productivity in cold and dry regions of the Tibetan Plateau H. Liu et al.
- Application of the ESTARFM algorithm for fusing Sentinel-2 and MODIS NDSI series in the eastern Qilian Mountains H. Guo et al.
- Spatio-temporal variation in snow cover area and its fragmentation in Northeast China J. Gu et al.
- Polar regions are critical in achieving global sustainable development goals X. Li et al.
- Evaluation of Downward Shortwave Radiation Products Over the Loess Plateau Q. Tian et al.
- The continuing shrinkage of snow cover in High Mountain Asia over the last four decades Y. Li et al.
- Mapping snow cover frequency at 30 m for studying seasonal variations and topographic controls on the Tibetan Plateau G. Wang et al.
- A soil temperature dataset based on random forest in the Three River Source Region X. Tan et al.
- Unraveling the effects of snow cover change on vegetation productivity: Insights from underlying surface types Y. Wang et al.
- A Novel Approach for Cloud-Free MODIS NDSI Reconstruction on the Tibetan Plateau Combining Spatiotemporal Cube and Environmental Features L. Dong et al.
- Detection of Snow Cover from Historical and Recent AVHHR Data—A Thematic TIMELINE Processor S. Rößler & A. Dietz
- Identifying Wet and Dry Snow With Dual-Polarized C-Band SAR Data Based on Markov Random Field Model C. Liu et al.
- Extraction of snow melting duration and its spatiotemporal variations in the Tibetan Plateau based on MODIS product H. Jin et al.
- Inconsistent response patterns of snow cover duration and snow depth over the Tibetan Plateau to global warming Y. Jiang et al.
- Daily seamless 30-m fractional snow cover mapping via an adaptive Time-Series approach C. Zhang et al.
- Towards large-scale daily snow density mapping with spatiotemporally aware model and multi-source data H. Wang et al.
- Contrasting changes of snow cover between different regions of the Tibetan Plateau during the latest 21 years Y. Gao et al.
- Remote Sensing and Modeling of the Cryosphere in High Mountain Asia: A Multidisciplinary Review Q. Ye et al.
- An Automatic Data-Driven Framework for AVHRR Long-Term Fractional Snow Cover Retrieval Using Dynamic High-Accuracy Training Samples From Landsat H. Sun et al.
- An Approach to Improve the Spatial Resolution and Accuracy of AMSR2 Passive Microwave Snow Depth Product Using Machine Learning in Northeast China Y. Wei et al.
- A Downscaling Algorithm for Snow Cover Extent Over the Tibetan Plateau Based on a Similar Conditional Probability and Otsu’s Method Y. Shen et al.
- Optimizing Cloud Mask Accuracy over Snow-Covered Terrain with a Multistage Decision Tree Framework Q. Zhao et al.
- Spatiotemporal patterns of snow anomalies on the Tibetan Plateau from 1980 to 2020 Y. Ma et al.
- Teleconnections among tipping elements in the Earth system T. Liu et al.
- Assessment of snow cover mapping algorithms from Landsat surface reflectance data and application to automated snowline delineation X. Xiao & S. Liang
- Investigating the Effects of Snow Cover and Vegetation on Soil Temperature Using Remote Sensing Indicators in the Three River Source Region, China X. Tan et al.
- Development and Evaluation of a Cloud-Gap-Filled MODIS Normalized Difference Snow Index Product over High Mountain Asia G. Deng et al.
- Development of a cloud-free MODIS NDSI dataset (2001–2020) over Northeast China H. Guo et al.
- A new snow depth data set over northern China derived using GNSS interferometric reflectometry from a continuously operating network (GSnow-CHINA v1.0, 2013–2022) W. Wan et al.
- Detection of Wet Snow by Weakly Supervised Deep Learning Change Detection Algorithm with Sentinel-1 Data H. Gong et al.
- A New Index for Snow/Ice/Ice‐Snow Discrimination Based on BRDF Characteristic Observation Data W. Ji et al.
- A dataset of Landsat 8 snow coverage in the central and eastern Himalayas from 2013 to 2020 S. HE et al.
- Development and validation of a new MODIS snow-cover-extent product over China X. Hao et al.
- Advances and prospects in reconstruction approaches for snow cover mapping using polar-orbiting satellites J. Zhang et al.
- Irrigated agriculture on the southern and northern slopes of the Tianshan Mountains faces different risks of water scarcity Z. Yang et al.
- The Evaluation of Snow Depth Simulated by Different Land Surface Models in China Based on Station Observations S. Sun et al.
- Historical and real-time estimation of snow depth in Eurasia based on multiple passive microwave data L. Dai et al.
- A long-term daily 500 m snow cover extent product over China (1981–2000) Y. Shen et al.
- Integrating ecological networks and multi-scenario optimization: a novel framework for constructing ecological security patterns Z. Jia et al.
- Retrieval of Fractional Snow Cover over High Mountain Asia Using 1 km and 5 km AVHRR/2 with Simulated Mid-Infrared Reflective Band F. Pan et al.
- A Snow Depth Downscaling Algorithm Based on Deep Learning Fusion of Enhanced Passive Microwave and Cloud-Free Optical Remote Sensing Data in China Z. Zhao et al.
- Autumn snow expansion and spring divergence in Northeast China (2000–2020) Y. Xiao et al.
- Analysis of runoff components and their responses to climate change in the Manas River Basin, Xinjiang, China C. Zhang et al.
- Enhancing snow depth estimation in forested regions of the northern hemisphere: A physically-constrained machine learning approach with spatiotemporal dynamics Y. Wei et al.
- Snow Cover Mapping From Chinese Geostationary Meteorological Satellite FY-2F VISSR-II Data Using Random Forest Classifier H. Hu et al.
- MODIS daily cloud-gap-filled fractional snow cover dataset of the Asian Water Tower region (2000–2022) F. Pan et al.
- Persistent Reduction in Snow Mass Over China: Evidence From 40 Years of Satellite Observations Y. Li et al.
- Seasonal snow depth dataset over flat terrains in the Northern Hemisphere based on ICESat-2 data from 2018 to 2020 D. Feng et al.
- STAR NDSI collection: a cloud-free MODIS NDSI dataset (2001–2020) for China Y. Jing et al.
- Spatial Trend and Impact of Snowmelt Rate in Spring across China’s Three Main Stable Snow Cover Regions over the Past 40 Years Based on Remote Sensing X. Wu et al.
- A dataset for in situ snow characteristics in China (2017–2020) L. DAI et al.
- Characteristics and Attribution of Spatiotemporal Changes in Qilian Mountains' Runoff Over the Past Six Decades Z. Liu et al.
- Mapping snow depth distribution from 1980 to 2020 on the tibetan plateau using multi-source remote sensing data and downscaling techniques Y. Ma et al.
- CSEA: An electronic atlas of the spatiotemporal distribution of snow cover in China X. ZHANG et al.
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 30 Apr 2026
Short summary
Long-term snow cover data are not only of importance for climate research. Currently China still lacks a high-quality snow cover extent (SCE) product for climate research. This study develops a multi-level decision tree algorithm for cloud and snow discrimination and gap-filled technique based on AVHRR surface reflectance data. We generate a daily 5 km SCE product across China from 1981 to 2019. It has high accuracy and will serve as baseline data for climate and other applications.
Long-term snow cover data are not only of importance for climate research. Currently China still...
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