Articles | Volume 13, issue 6
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-2529-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-2529-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Data description paper
| 
04 Jun 2021
Data description paper |
| 04 Jun 2021
| 04 Jun 2021
STH-net: a soil monitoring network for process-based hydrological modelling from the pedon to the hillslope scale
Edoardo Martini
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Institute of Environmental Physics, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
Department of Monitoring and Exploration Technologies, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH – UFZ, Leipzig, 04318, Germany
Matteo Bauckholt
Department of Monitoring and Exploration Technologies, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH – UFZ, Leipzig, 04318, Germany
Simon Kögler
formerly at: Department of Monitoring and Exploration Technologies, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH – UFZ, Leipzig, 04318, Germany
Manuel Kreck
Department of Monitoring and Exploration Technologies, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH – UFZ, Leipzig, 04318, Germany
Kurt Roth
Institute of Environmental Physics, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
Ulrike Werban
Department of Monitoring and Exploration Technologies, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH – UFZ, Leipzig, 04318, Germany
Ute Wollschläger
Department of Soil System Science, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH– UFZ, Halle (Saale), 06120, Germany
Steffen Zacharias
Department of Monitoring and Exploration Technologies, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH – UFZ, Leipzig, 04318, Germany
Related authors
No articles found.
Luca Peruzzo, Ulrike Werban, Marco Pohle, Mirko Pavoni, Benjamin Mary, Giorgio Cassiani, Simona Consoli, and Daniela Vanella
SOIL, 11, 811–831, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-11-811-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-11-811-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Both spatial and temporal information is important in agriculture. Information regarding the aboveground variables is ever increasing in terms of density and precision. On the contrary, belowground information lags behind and has been typically limited to time series. This study uses methods that map the subsurface spatial variability. Numerical simulations of aboveground and belowground water fluxes are then based on such spatial information and additional time-oriented datasets that are common in agriculture.
Christoph Zielhofer, Marie Kaniecki, Anne Köhler, Vera Seeburg, Arnela Rollo, Laura Bergmann, Stefanie Berg, Barbara Stammel, Rita Gudermann, William J. Fletcher, Ulrike Werban, Anja Linstädter, and Natascha Mehler
E&G Quaternary Sci. J., 74, 105–124, https://doi.org/10.5194/egqsj-74-105-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/egqsj-74-105-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study presents a quantitative reconstruction over a 235-year time frame of the development of the natural Donaumoos fen and Danube River into an anthroposphere. The selected proxies are the Donaumoos drainage ditch length and the Danube surface water area traced through the multi-temporal analysis of old maps. A comparison of quantitative proxies with the state of research from written sources leads to the discovery of potential great transitions in floodplain and peatland transformation.
Paolo Nasta, Günter Blöschl, Heye R. Bogena, Steffen Zacharias, Roland Baatz, Gabriëlle De Lannoy, Karsten H. Jensen, Salvatore Manfreda, Laurent Pfister, Ana M. Tarquis, Ilja van Meerveld, Marc Voltz, Yijian Zeng, William Kustas, Xin Li, Harry Vereecken, and Nunzio Romano
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 29, 465–483, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-29-465-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-29-465-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The Unsolved Problems in Hydrology (UPH) initiative has emphasized the need to establish networks of multi-decadal hydrological observatories to tackle catchment-scale challenges on a global scale. This opinion paper provocatively discusses two endmembers of possible future hydrological observatory (HO) networks for a given hypothesized community budget: a comprehensive set of moderately instrumented observatories or, alternatively, a small number of highly instrumented supersites.
Eshrat Fatima, Rohini Kumar, Sabine Attinger, Maren Kaluza, Oldrich Rakovec, Corinna Rebmann, Rafael Rosolem, Sascha E. Oswald, Luis Samaniego, Steffen Zacharias, and Martin Schrön
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 5419–5441, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-5419-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-5419-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study establishes a framework to incorporate cosmic-ray neutron measurements into the mesoscale Hydrological Model (mHM). We evaluate different approaches to estimate neutron counts within the mHM using the Desilets equation, with uniformly and non-uniformly weighted average soil moisture, and the physically based code COSMIC. The data improved not only soil moisture simulations but also the parameterisation of evapotranspiration in the model.
Daniel Altdorff, Maik Heistermann, Till Francke, Martin Schrön, Sabine Attinger, Albrecht Bauriegel, Frank Beyrich, Peter Biró, Peter Dietrich, Rebekka Eichstädt, Peter Martin Grosse, Arvid Markert, Jakob Terschlüsen, Ariane Walz, Steffen Zacharias, and Sascha E. Oswald
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3848, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3848, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The German federal state of Brandenburg is particularly prone to soil moisture droughts. To support the management of related risks, we introduce a novel soil moisture and drought monitoring network based on cosmic-ray neutron sensing technology. This initiative is driven by a collaboration of research institutions and federal state agencies, and it is the first of its kind in Germany to have started operation. In this brief communication, we outline the network design and share first results.
Peter Jung, Götz Hornbruch, Andreas Dahmke, Peter Dietrich, and Ulrike Werban
Solid Earth, 15, 1465–1477, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-1465-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-1465-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We demonstrate the feasibility of imaging vertical freezing boundaries using borehole ground-penetrating radar (GPR) in experimental geological latent heat storage, where part of a shallow Quaternary aquifer is frozen. To gain insights into the current thermal state in the subsurface, we assess the frozen volume dimension. We show that a combination of crosshole and reflection measurements allows us to image the ice body with high accuracy in the challenging environment of saturated sediments.
Hans-Jörg Vogel, Bibiana Betancur-Corredor, Leonard Franke, Sara König, Birgit Lang, Maik Lucas, Eva Rabot, Bastian Stößel, Ulrich Weller, Martin Wiesmeier, and Ute Wollschläger
SOIL, 9, 533–543, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-9-533-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-9-533-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Our paper presents a new web-based software tool to support soil process research. It is designed to categorize publications in this field according to site and soil characteristics, as well as experimental conditions, which is of critical importance for the interpretation of the research results. The software tool is provided open access for the soil science community such that anyone can contribute to improve the contents of the literature data base.
Georg Kaufmann, Douchko Romanov, Ulrike Werban, and Thomas Vienken
Solid Earth, 14, 333–351, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-333-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-333-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We discuss collapse sinkholes occuring since 2004 on the sports field of Münsterdorf, a village north of Hamburg. The sinkholes, 2–5 m in size and about 3–5 m deep, develop in peri-glacial sand, with a likely origin in the Cretaceous chalk, present at about 20 m depth. The area has been analyzed with geophysical and direct-push-based methods, from which material properties of the subsurface have been derived. The properties have been used for mechanical models, predicting the subsidence.
Martin Schrön, Markus Köhli, and Steffen Zacharias
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 723–738, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-723-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-723-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents a new analytical concept to answer long-lasting questions of the cosmic-ray neutron sensing community, such as
what is the influence of a distant area or patches of different land use on the measurement signal?or
is the detector sensitive enough to detect a change of soil moisture (e.g. due to irrigation) in a remote field at a certain distance?The concept may support signal interpretation and sensor calibration, particularly in heterogeneous terrain.
Markus Köhli, Martin Schrön, Steffen Zacharias, and Ulrich Schmidt
Geosci. Model Dev., 16, 449–477, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-449-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-449-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In the last decades, Monte Carlo codes were often consulted to study neutrons near the surface. As an alternative for the growing community of CRNS, we developed URANOS. The main model features are tracking of particle histories from creation to detection, detector representations as layers or geometric shapes, a voxel-based geometry model, and material setup based on color codes in ASCII matrices or bitmap images. The entire software is developed in C++ and features a graphical user interface.
Friedrich Boeing, Oldrich Rakovec, Rohini Kumar, Luis Samaniego, Martin Schrön, Anke Hildebrandt, Corinna Rebmann, Stephan Thober, Sebastian Müller, Steffen Zacharias, Heye Bogena, Katrin Schneider, Ralf Kiese, Sabine Attinger, and Andreas Marx
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 5137–5161, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-5137-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-5137-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
In this paper, we deliver an evaluation of the second generation operational German drought monitor (https://www.ufz.de/duerremonitor) with a state-of-the-art compilation of observed soil moisture data from 40 locations and four different measurement methods in Germany. We show that the expressed stakeholder needs for higher resolution drought information at the one-kilometer scale can be met and that the agreement of simulated and observed soil moisture dynamics can be moderately improved.
Maik Heistermann, Heye Bogena, Till Francke, Andreas Güntner, Jannis Jakobi, Daniel Rasche, Martin Schrön, Veronika Döpper, Benjamin Fersch, Jannis Groh, Amol Patil, Thomas Pütz, Marvin Reich, Steffen Zacharias, Carmen Zengerle, and Sascha Oswald
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 2501–2519, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-2501-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-2501-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents a dense network of cosmic-ray neutron sensing (CRNS) to measure spatio-temporal soil moisture patterns during a 2-month campaign in the Wüstebach headwater catchment in Germany. Stationary, mobile, and airborne CRNS technology monitored the root-zone water dynamics as well as spatial heterogeneity in the 0.4 km2 area. The 15 CRNS stations were supported by a hydrogravimeter, biomass sampling, and a wireless soil sensor network to facilitate holistic hydrological analysis.
Mandy Kasner, Steffen Zacharias, and Martin Schrön
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2022-123, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2022-123, 2022
Publication in HESS not foreseen
Short summary
Short summary
Cosmic-ray neutron sensing (CRNS) is a non-invasive technique that is used to quantify field-scale root-zone soil moisture. We hypothesize that unaccounted spatiotemporal changes of soil density may have impact on the quality of CRNS soil moisture products. Our results indicate a significant dependency of neutrons on soil density, which also depends on the soil moisture state. A correction approach is provided that can be recommended for practical use.
Heye Reemt Bogena, Martin Schrön, Jannis Jakobi, Patrizia Ney, Steffen Zacharias, Mie Andreasen, Roland Baatz, David Boorman, Mustafa Berk Duygu, Miguel Angel Eguibar-Galán, Benjamin Fersch, Till Franke, Josie Geris, María González Sanchis, Yann Kerr, Tobias Korf, Zalalem Mengistu, Arnaud Mialon, Paolo Nasta, Jerzy Nitychoruk, Vassilios Pisinaras, Daniel Rasche, Rafael Rosolem, Hami Said, Paul Schattan, Marek Zreda, Stefan Achleitner, Eduardo Albentosa-Hernández, Zuhal Akyürek, Theresa Blume, Antonio del Campo, Davide Canone, Katya Dimitrova-Petrova, John G. Evans, Stefano Ferraris, Félix Frances, Davide Gisolo, Andreas Güntner, Frank Herrmann, Joost Iwema, Karsten H. Jensen, Harald Kunstmann, Antonio Lidón, Majken Caroline Looms, Sascha Oswald, Andreas Panagopoulos, Amol Patil, Daniel Power, Corinna Rebmann, Nunzio Romano, Lena Scheiffele, Sonia Seneviratne, Georg Weltin, and Harry Vereecken
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 1125–1151, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-1125-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-1125-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Monitoring of increasingly frequent droughts is a prerequisite for climate adaptation strategies. This data paper presents long-term soil moisture measurements recorded by 66 cosmic-ray neutron sensors (CRNS) operated by 24 institutions and distributed across major climate zones in Europe. Data processing followed harmonized protocols and state-of-the-art methods to generate consistent and comparable soil moisture products and to facilitate continental-scale analysis of hydrological extremes.
Benedikt J. Werner, Oliver J. Lechtenfeld, Andreas Musolff, Gerrit H. de Rooij, Jie Yang, Ralf Gründling, Ulrike Werban, and Jan H. Fleckenstein
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 6067–6086, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-6067-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-6067-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Export of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from riparian zones (RZs) is an important yet poorly understood component of the catchment carbon budget. This study chemically and spatially classifies DOC source zones within a RZ of a small catchment to assess DOC export patterns. Results highlight that DOC export from only a small fraction of the RZ with distinct DOC composition dominates overall DOC export. The application of a spatial, topographic proxy can be used to improve DOC export models.
Hannes Helmut Bauser, Daniel Berg, and Kurt Roth
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 3319–3329, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-3319-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-3319-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Data assimilation methods are used throughout the geosciences to combine information from uncertain models and uncertain measurement data. In this study, we distinguish between the characteristics of geophysical systems, i.e., divergent systems (initially nearby states will drift apart) and convergent systems (initially nearby states will coalesce), and demonstrate the implications for sequential ensemble data assimilation methods, which require a sufficient divergent component.
Cited articles
Ad-hoc-Arbeitsgruppe Boden:
Bodenkundliche Kartieranleitung, 5. Aufl.,
Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe in Zusammenarbeit mit den Staatlichen Geologischen Diensten, Hannover, 438 pp., ISBN 978-3-510-95920-4, 2005.
Basara, J. B., Illston, B. G., Winning Jr, T. E., and Fiebrich, C. A.: Evaluation of rainfall measurements from the WXT510
Sensor for use in the Oklahoma City Micronet, The Open Atmospheric Science Journal, 3, 39–45, 2009.
Bauser, H. H., Jaumann, S., Berg, D., and Roth, K.: EnKF with closed-eye period – towards a consistent aggregation of information in soil hydrology, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 4999–5014, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-4999-2016, 2016.
Bauser, H. H., Riedel, L., Berg, D., Troch, P. A., and Roth, K.:
Challenges with effective representations of heterogeneity in soil hydrology based on local water content measurements,
Vadose Zone J.,
19, e20040, https://doi.org/10.1002/vzj2.20040, 2020.
Borchardt, D.:
Geoökologische Erkundung und hydrologische Analyse von Kleineinzugsgebieten des unteren Mittelgebirgsbereichs, dargestellt am Beispiel der oberen Selke, Harz,
Petermann. Geogr. Mitt.,
82, 251–262, 1982.
Bormann, H.: Analysis of the suitability of the German soil texture classification for the regional scale application of physical based hydrological model, Adv. Geosci., 11, 7–13, https://doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-11-7-2007, 2007.
Botto, A., Belluco, E., and Camporese, M.: Multi-source data assimilation for physically based hydrological modeling of an experimental hillslope, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 4251–4266, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-4251-2018, 2018.
Bronstert, A.:
Capabilities and limitations of detailed hillslope hydrological modelling,
Hydrol. Process.,
13, 21–48, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1085(199901)13:1<21::AID-HYP702>3.0.CO;2-4, 1999.
Clark, M. P., Bierkens, M. F. P., Samaniego, L., Woods, R. A., Uijlenhoet, R., Bennett, K. E., Pauwels, V. R. N., Cai, X., Wood, A. W., and Peters-Lidard, C. D.: The evolution of process-based hydrologic models: historical challenges and the collective quest for physical realism, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 3427–3440, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-3427-2017, 2017.
Crameri, F.:
Scientific colour maps,
Zenodo,
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1243862, 2018.
Crameri, F., Shephard, G. E., and Heron, P. J.:
The misuse of colour in science communication,
Nat. Commun.,
11, 5444, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-19160-7, 2020.
Fan, Y., Clark, M., Lawrence, D. M., Swenson, S., Band, L. E., Brantley, S. L., Brooks, P. D., Dietrich, W. E., Flores, A., Grant, G., Kirchner, J. W.,
Mackay, D. S., McDonnell, J. J., Milly, P. C. D., Sullivan, P. L., Tague, C., Ajami, H., Chaney, N., Hartmann, A., Hazenberg, P., McNamara, J., Pelletier, J., Perket, J.,
Rouholahnejad-Freund, E., Wagener, T., Zeng, X., Beighley, E., Buzan, J., Huang, M., Livneh, B., Mohanty, B. P., Nijssen, B., Safeeq, M., Shen, C., van
Verseveld, W., Volk, J., and Yamazaki, D.:
Hillslope hydrology in global change research and Earth system modeling,
Water Resour. Res.,
55, 1737–1772, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018WR023903, 2019.
Gräff, T., Zehe, E., Reusser, D., Lück, E., Schröder, B., Wenk, G., John, H., and Bronstert, A.:
Process identification through rejection of model structures in a mid-mountainous rural catchment: observations of rainfall–runoff response, geophysical conditions and model inter-comparison,
Hydrol. Process.,
23, 702–718. https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.7171, 2009.
IUSS Working Group WRB:
World Reference Base for Soil Resources 2014, Update 2015, World Soil Resources Reports 106,
FAO, Rome, ISBN 978-92-5-108369-7, 2015.
Kaatze, U.:
Complex permittivity of water as a function of frequency and temperature,
J. Chem. Eng. Data,
34, 371–374, https://doi.org/10.1021/je00058a001, 1989.
Martini, E., Wollschläger, U., Kögler, S., Behrens, T., Dietrich, P., Reinstorf, F., Schmidt, K., Weiler, M., Werban, U., and Zacharias, S.:
Spatial and temporal dynamics of hillslope-scale soil moisture patterns: characteristic states and transition mechanisms,
Vadose Zone J.,
14, 1–16, https://doi.org/10.2136/vzj2014.10.0150, 2015.
Martini, E., Werban, U., Zacharias, S., Pohle, M., Dietrich, P., and Wollschläger, U.: Repeated electromagnetic induction measurements for mapping soil moisture at the field scale: validation with data from a wireless soil moisture monitoring network, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 495–513, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-495-2017, 2017a.
Martini, E., Wollschläger, U., Musolff, A., Werban, U., and Zacharias, S.:
Principal component analysis of the spatiotemporal pattern of soil moisture and apparent electrical conductivity,
Vadose Zone J.,
16, 1–12, https://doi.org/10.2136/vzj2016.12.0129, 2017b.
Martini, E., Kögler, S., Kreck, M., Werban, U., Wollschläger, U., and Zacharias, S.:
STH-net, EUDAT, https://doi.org/10.23728/b2share.82818db7be054f5eb921d386a0bcaa74,
2020.
Ollesch, G., Sukhanovski, Y., Kistner, I., Rode, M., and Meissner, R.:
Characterization and modelling of the spatial heterogeneity of snowmelt erosion,
Earth Surf. Proc. Land.,
30, 197–211, https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.1175, 2005.
Reinstorf, F.:
Schäfertal, Harz Mountains, Germany. Poster,
in: Status and Perspectives of Hydrology in Small Basins, Results and reccommendations of the International Workshop in Goslar-Hahnenklee, Germany 2009, and Inventory of Small Hydrological Research Basins, 30 March–2 April 2009, Goslar-Hahnenklee, Germany,
edited by: Schumann, S., Schmalz, B., Meesenburg, H., and Schröder, U.,
available at: https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&ved=2ahUKEwjQluqSlMjsAhUOecAKHTnICqsQFjAAegQIAhAC&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwaterandchange.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2017%2F04%2FHeft10_en.pdf&usg=AOvVaw2o4w_VX74jGiquRs3KaYVR (last access: 22 October 2020), 2010.
Richter, D.:
Ergebnisse methodischer Untersuchungen zur Korrektur des systematischen Meßfehlers des Hellmann-Niederschlagsmessers,
Berichte des Deutschen Wetterdienstes 194, Deutscher Wetterdienst, Offenbach am Main, ISBN: 3881483098,
available at: http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:101:1-201601274368 (last access: 1 June 2021), 1995 (in German).
Roth, K., Schulin, R., Flühler, H., and Attinger, W.:
Calibration of time domain reflectometry for water content measurement using a composite dielectric approach,
Water Resour. Res.,
26, 2267–2273, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR026i010p02267, 1990.
Schröter, I., Paasche, H., Dietrich, P., and Wollaschläger, U.:
Estimation of catchment-scale soil moisture patterns based on terrain data and sparse TDR measurements using a Fuzzy C-Means clustering approach,
Vadose Zone J.,
14, 1–16, https://doi.org/10.2136/vzj2015.01.0008, 2015.
United Nations:
Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 20 December 2013 – 68/232: World Soil Day and International Year of Soils, available at:
https://sdgs.un.org/documents/ares68232-world-soil-day-and-international-year-21058 (last access: 2 June 2021), 60 A/RES/68/232, 2014.
Vereecken, H., Huisman, J. A., Hendricks Franssen, H. J., Brüggemann, N., Bogena, H. R., Kollet, S., Javaux, M., van der Kruk, J., and Vanderborght, J.:
Soil hydrology: Recent methodological advances, challenges, and perspectives,
Water Resour. Res.,
51, 2616–2633, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014WR016852, 2015.
Vereecken, H., Schnepf, A., Hopmans, J. W., Javaux, M., Or, D., Roose, T., J. Vanderborght, Young, M. H., Amelung, W., Aitkenhead, M., Allison, S. D., Assouline, S., Baveye, P., Berli, M., Brüggemann, N., Finke, P., Flury, M., Gaiser, T., Govers, G., Ghezzehei, T., Hallett, P., Hendricks Franssen, H. J., Heppell, J., Horn, J., Huisman, J.. A., Jacques, D., Jonard, F., Kollet, S., Lafolie, F., Lamorski, K., Leitner, D., McBratney, A., Minasny, B., Montzka, C., Nowak, W., Pachepsky, Y., Padarian, J., Romano, N., Roth, K., Rothfuss, Y., Rowe, E. C., Schwen, A., Šimůnek, J., Tiktak, A., van Dam, J., van der Zee, S. E. A. T. M., Vogel, H.-J., Vrugt, J. A., Wöhling, T., and Young, I. M.:
Modeling Soil Processes: Review, Key challenges and New Perspectives,
Vadose Zone J.,
15, 1–57, https://doi.org/10.2136/vzj2015.09.0131, 2016.
Vogel, H.-J.:
Scale issues in soil hydrology,
Vadose Zone J.,
18, 1–10, https://doi.org/10.2136/vzj2019.01.0001, 2019.
Vrugt, J. A., Stauffer, P. H., Wöhling, T., Robinson, B. A., and Vesselinov, V. V.:
Inverse modeling of subsurface flow and transport properties: A review with new developments,
Vadose Zone J.,
7, 843–864, https://doi.org/10.2136/vzj2007.0078, 2008.
Wollschläger, U., Pfaff, T., and Roth, K.: Field-scale apparent hydraulic parameterisation obtained from TDR time series and inverse modelling, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 13, 1953–1966, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-13-1953-2009, 2009.
Wollschläger, U., Gerhards, H., Yu, Q., and Roth, K.: Multi-channel ground-penetrating radar to explore spatial variations in thaw depth and moisture content in the active layer of a permafrost site, The Cryosphere, 4, 269–283, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-4-269-2010, 2010.
Wollschläger, U., Attinger, S., Borchardt, D., Brauns, M., Cuntz, M., Dietrich, P., Fleckenstein, J. H., Friese, K., Friesen, J., Harpke, A., Hildebrandt, A., Jäckel, G., Kamjunke, N., Knöller, K., Kögler, S., Kolditz, O., Krieg, R., Kumar, R., Lausch, A., Liess, M., Marx, A., Merz, R., Mueller, C., Musolff, A., Norf, H., Oswald, S. E., Rebmann, C., Reinstorf, F., Rode, M., Rink, K., Rinke, K,, Samaniego, L., Vieweg, M., Vogel, H.-J., Weitere, M., Werban, U., Zink, M., and Zacharias, S.:
The Bode Hydrological Observatory: A platform for integrated, interdisciplinary hydro-ecological research within the TERENO Harz/Central German Lowland Observatory,
Environ. Earth Sci.,
76, 29, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-016-6327-5, 2017.
Zacharias, S., Bogena, H., Samaniego, L., Mauder, M., Fuß, R., Pütz, T., Frenzel, M., Schwank, M., Baessler, C., Butterbach-Bahl, K., Bens, O., Borg, E., Brauer, A., Dietrich, P., Hajnsek, I., Helle, G., Kiese, R., Kunstmann, H., Klotz, S., Munch, J. C., Papen, H., Priesack, E., Schmid, H. P., Steinbrecher, R., Rosenbaum, U., Teutsch, G., and Vereecken, H.:
A network of terrestrial environmental observatories in Germany,
Vadose Zone J.,
10, 955–973, https://doi.org/10.2136/vzj2010.0139, 2011.
Short summary
We present the in situ data available from the soil monitoring network
STH-net, recently implemented at the Schäfertal Hillslope site (Germany). The STH-net provides data (soil water content, soil temperature, water level, and meteorological variables – measured at a 10 min interval since 1 January 2019) for developing and testing modelling approaches in the context of vadose zone hydrology at spatial scales ranging from the pedon to the hillslope.
We present the in situ data available from the soil monitoring network
STH-net, recently...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint