Articles | Volume 18, issue 7
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-18-5583-2026
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-18-5583-2026
Data description article
 | 
29 Jul 2026
Data description article |  | 29 Jul 2026

Mapping paddy rice distribution and cropping intensity in South and Southeast Asia (1995–2024) at 30 m resolution

Zizhang Zhao, Geli Zhang, Jinwei Dong, Jilin Yang, Chang Fan, Ruoqi Liu, and Xiangming Xiao

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Cited articles

Adrian, J., Sagan, V., and Maimaitijiang, M.: Sentinel SAR-optical fusion for crop type mapping using deep learning and Google Earth Engine, ISPRS J. Photogramm. Remote Sens., 175, 215–235, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2021.02.018, 2021. 
Carrasco, L., Fujita, G., Kito, K., and Miyashita, T.: Historical mapping of rice fields in Japan using phenology and temporally aggregated Landsat images in Google Earth Engine, ISPRS J. Photogramm. Remote Sens., 191, 277–289, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2022.07.018, 2022. 
Chen, Z., Balasus, N., Lin, H., Nesser, H., and Jacob, D. J.: African rice cultivation linked to rising methane, Nat. Clim. Change, 14, 148–151, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-023-01907-x, 2024. 
Cheng, M., Li, Z., Li, L., He, W., Zhang, L., and Zhang, H.: 25-year, quarterly land change maps of China's Loess Plateau reveal long-term and substantial water-induced soil erosion mitigation, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 18, 3303–3340, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-18-3303-2026, 2026. 
Deng, Y., Peng, B., Guan, K., Runkle, B. R. K., Moreno-García, B., Wu, X., Wang, S., Zhou, Q., and Reba, M. L.: Detecting the onset of rice field inundation in the Lower Mississippi River Basin via Harmonized Landsat Sentinel-2 (HLS) satellite time series, ISPRS J. Photogramm. Remote Sens., 228, 28–43, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2025.07.003, 2025. 
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We created long-term, high-resolution maps of rice-growing areas in South and Southeast Asia to show how planting patterns have changed over the past three decades. Using satellite images, we tracked when and how often rice was grown and confirmed the results with more than 23,000 independent samples. The maps closely match national statistics and offer a valuable resource for understanding food production, water use, methane emissions, and climate impacts in this vital region.
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