Articles | Volume 17, issue 11
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-6295-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-6295-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Data description paper
| 
20 Nov 2025
Data description paper |
| 20 Nov 2025
| 20 Nov 2025
Monitoring abiotic and biotic parameters of forest regrowth under different management regimes on former wildfire sites in northeastern Germany – data from the PYROPHOB project
Marie-Therese Schmehl
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Institute of Environmental Science and Geography, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24–25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
Yojana Adhikari
Centre for Econics and Ecosystem Management, Eberswalde University for Sustainable Development, Alfred-Möller-Str. 1, 16225 Eberswalde, Germany
Cathrina Balthasar
Senckenberg German Entomological Institute, Eberswalder Str. 90, 15374 Müncheberg, Germany
Anja Binder
Centre for Econics and Ecosystem Management, Eberswalde University for Sustainable Development, Alfred-Möller-Str. 1, 16225 Eberswalde, Germany
Danica Clerc
Landeskompetenzzentrum Forst Eberswalde, Landesbetrieb Forst Brandenburg, Alfred-Möller-Str. 1, 16225 Eberswalde, Germany
Sophia Dobkowitz
Institute of Environmental Science and Geography, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24–25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
Werner Gerwin
Research Center Landscape Development and Mining Landscapes (FZLB), Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Siemens-Halske-Ring 8, 03046 Cottbus, Germany
Kristin Günther
GFZ Helmholtz Centre for Geosciences, 14473, Potsdam, Germany
Heinrich Hartong
Büro UmLand Schmid und Hartong GbR, Berkenbrücker Dorfstr. 11, 14947 Nuthe-Urstromtal, Germany
Thilo Heinken
General Botany, Institute for Biology and Biochemistry, University of Potsdam, Maulbeerallee 3, 14469 Potsdam, Germany
Carsten Hess
Naturwald Akademie gGmbH, Roeckstraße 0, 23568 Lübeck, Germany
Pierre L. Ibisch
Centre for Econics and Ecosystem Management, Eberswalde University for Sustainable Development, Alfred-Möller-Str. 1, 16225 Eberswalde, Germany
Florent Jouy
Centre for Econics and Ecosystem Management, Eberswalde University for Sustainable Development, Alfred-Möller-Str. 1, 16225 Eberswalde, Germany
Loretta Leinen
Naturwald Akademie gGmbH, Roeckstraße 0, 23568 Lübeck, Germany
Thomas Raab
Chair of Geopedology and Landscape Development, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Siemens-Halske-Ring 8, 03046 Cottbus, Germany
Frank Repmann
Chair of Geopedology and Landscape Development, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Siemens-Halske-Ring 8, 03046 Cottbus, Germany
Susanne Rönnefarth
Centre for Econics and Ecosystem Management, Eberswalde University for Sustainable Development, Alfred-Möller-Str. 1, 16225 Eberswalde, Germany
Lilly Rohlfs
Landeskompetenzzentrum Forst Eberswalde, Landesbetrieb Forst Brandenburg, Alfred-Möller-Str. 1, 16225 Eberswalde, Germany
Marina Schirrmacher
Landeskompetenzzentrum Forst Eberswalde, Landesbetrieb Forst Brandenburg, Alfred-Möller-Str. 1, 16225 Eberswalde, Germany
Jens Schröder
Landeskompetenzzentrum Forst Eberswalde, Landesbetrieb Forst Brandenburg, Alfred-Möller-Str. 1, 16225 Eberswalde, Germany
Maren Schüle
General Botany, Institute for Biology and Biochemistry, University of Potsdam, Maulbeerallee 3, 14469 Potsdam, Germany
Centre for Econics and Ecosystem Management, Eberswalde University for Sustainable Development, Alfred-Möller-Str. 1, 16225 Eberswalde, Germany
Andrea Vieth-Hillebrand
GFZ Helmholtz Centre for Geosciences, 14473, Potsdam, Germany
Till Francke
Institute of Environmental Science and Geography, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24–25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
Related authors
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Elodie Marret, Peter M. Grosse, Lena Scheiffele, Katya Dimitrova Petrova, Till Francke, Daniel Altdorff, Maik Heistermann, Merlin Schiel, Carsten Neumann, Daniel Scheffler, Mehdi Saberioon, Matthias Kunz, Miroslav Zboril, Jonas Marach, Marcel Reginatto, Anna Balenzano, Daniel Rasche, Christine Stumpp, Benjamin Trost, and Sascha E. Oswald
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2025-546, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2025-546, 2025
Preprint under review for ESSD
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This data paper describes a comprehensive collection of soil moisture and related data from an extensive cosmic-ray neutron sensing (CRNS) network at an agricultural research site in north-east Germany. The data set comprises not only soil moisture observations at different spatio-temporal scales, but also a wealth of accompanying data that provide the context to interpret soil moisture dynamics within a broader hydrological and environmental framework.
Till Francke and Maik Heistermann
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 2783–2802, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-25-2783-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-25-2783-2025, 2025
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Brandenburg is among the driest federal states in Germany. The low groundwater recharge (GWR) is fundamental to both water supply and the support of natural ecosystems. In this study, we show that the decline of observed discharge and groundwater tables since 1980 can be explained by climate change in combination with an increasing leaf area index. Still, simulated GWR rates remain highly uncertain due to the uncertainty in precipitation trends.
Nazaré Suziane Soares, Carlos Alexandre Gomes Costa, Till Francke, Christian Mohr, Wolfgang Schwanghart, and Pedro Henrique Augusto Medeiros
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-884, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-884, 2025
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We use drone surveys to map river intermittency in reaches and classify them into "Wet", "Transition", "Dry" or "Not Determined". We train Random Forest models with 40 candidate predictors, and select altitude, drainage area, distance from dams and dynamic predictors. We separate different models based on dynamic predictors: satellite indices (a) and (b); or (c) accumulated precipitation (30 days). Model (a) is the most successful in simulating intermittency both temporally and spatially.
Till Francke, Cosimo Brogi, Alby Duarte Rocha, Michael Förster, Maik Heistermann, Markus Köhli, Daniel Rasche, Marvin Reich, Paul Schattan, Lena Scheiffele, and Martin Schrön
Geosci. Model Dev., 18, 819–842, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-819-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-819-2025, 2025
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Multiple methods for measuring soil moisture beyond the point scale exist. Their validation is generally hindered by not knowing the truth. We propose a virtual framework in which this truth is fully known and the sensor observations for cosmic ray neutron sensing, remote sensing, and hydrogravimetry are simulated. This allows for the rigorous testing of these virtual sensors to understand their effectiveness and limitations.
Daniel Altdorff, Maik Heistermann, Till Francke, Martin Schrön, Sabine Attinger, Albrecht Bauriegel, Frank Beyrich, Peter Biró, Peter Dietrich, Rebekka Eichstädt, Peter Martin Grosse, Arvid Markert, Jakob Terschlüsen, Ariane Walz, Steffen Zacharias, and Sascha E. Oswald
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3848, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3848, 2024
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The German federal state of Brandenburg is particularly prone to soil moisture droughts. To support the management of related risks, we introduce a novel soil moisture and drought monitoring network based on cosmic-ray neutron sensing technology. This initiative is driven by a collaboration of research institutions and federal state agencies, and it is the first of its kind in Germany to have started operation. In this brief communication, we outline the network design and share first results.
Maik Heistermann, Till Francke, Martin Schrön, and Sascha E. Oswald
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 989–1000, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-989-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-989-2024, 2024
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Cosmic-ray neutron sensing (CRNS) is a non-invasive technique used to obtain estimates of soil water content (SWC) at a horizontal footprint of around 150 m and a vertical penetration depth of up to 30 cm. However, typical CRNS applications require the local calibration of a function which converts neutron counts to SWC. As an alternative, we propose a generalized function as a way to avoid the use of local reference measurements of SWC and hence a major source of uncertainty.
Stefano Gianessi, Matteo Polo, Luca Stevanato, Marcello Lunardon, Till Francke, Sascha E. Oswald, Hami Said Ahmed, Arsenio Toloza, Georg Weltin, Gerd Dercon, Emil Fulajtar, Lee Heng, and Gabriele Baroni
Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst., 13, 9–25, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-13-9-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-13-9-2024, 2024
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Soil moisture monitoring is important for many applications, from improving weather prediction to supporting agriculture practices. Our capability to measure this variable is still, however, limited. In this study, we show the tests conducted on a new soil moisture sensor at several locations. The results show that the new sensor is a valid and compact alternative to more conventional, non-invasive soil moisture sensors that can pave the way for a wide range of applications.
Lena Katharina Schmidt, Till Francke, Peter Martin Grosse, and Axel Bronstert
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 139–161, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-139-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-139-2024, 2024
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How suspended sediment export from glacierized high-alpine areas responds to future climate change is hardly assessable as many interacting processes are involved, and appropriate physical models are lacking. We present the first study, to our knowledge, exploring machine learning to project sediment export until 2100 in two high-alpine catchments. We find that uncertainties due to methodological limitations are small until 2070. Negative trends imply that peak sediment may have already passed.
Maik Heistermann, Till Francke, Lena Scheiffele, Katya Dimitrova Petrova, Christian Budach, Martin Schrön, Benjamin Trost, Daniel Rasche, Andreas Güntner, Veronika Döpper, Michael Förster, Markus Köhli, Lisa Angermann, Nikolaos Antonoglou, Manuela Zude-Sasse, and Sascha E. Oswald
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 3243–3262, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3243-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3243-2023, 2023
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Cosmic-ray neutron sensing (CRNS) allows for the non-invasive estimation of root-zone soil water content (SWC). The signal observed by a single CRNS sensor is influenced by the SWC in a radius of around 150 m (the footprint). Here, we have put together a cluster of eight CRNS sensors with overlapping footprints at an agricultural research site in north-east Germany. That way, we hope to represent spatial SWC heterogeneity instead of retrieving just one average SWC estimate from a single sensor.
Lena Katharina Schmidt, Till Francke, Peter Martin Grosse, Christoph Mayer, and Axel Bronstert
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 1841–1863, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-1841-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-1841-2023, 2023
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We present a suitable method to reconstruct sediment export from decadal records of hydroclimatic predictors (discharge, precipitation, temperature) and shorter suspended sediment measurements. This lets us fill the knowledge gap on how sediment export from glacierized high-alpine areas has responded to climate change. We find positive trends in sediment export from the two investigated nested catchments with step-like increases around 1981 which are linked to crucial changes in glacier melt.
Florian Hirsch, Thomas Raab, Alexandra Raab, Anna Schneider, Alexander Bonhage, Marcus Schneider, and Albrecht Bauriegel
DEUQUA Spec. Pub., 4, 59–71, https://doi.org/10.5194/deuquasp-4-59-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/deuquasp-4-59-2022, 2022
Lena Katharina Schmidt, Till Francke, Erwin Rottler, Theresa Blume, Johannes Schöber, and Axel Bronstert
Earth Surf. Dynam., 10, 653–669, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-653-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-653-2022, 2022
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Climate change fundamentally alters glaciated high-alpine areas, but it is unclear how this affects riverine sediment transport. As a first step, we aimed to identify the most important processes and source areas in three nested catchments in the Ötztal, Austria, in the past 15 years. We found that areas above 2500 m were crucial and that summer rainstorms were less influential than glacier melt. These findings provide a baseline for studies on future changes in high-alpine sediment dynamics.
Maik Heistermann, Heye Bogena, Till Francke, Andreas Güntner, Jannis Jakobi, Daniel Rasche, Martin Schrön, Veronika Döpper, Benjamin Fersch, Jannis Groh, Amol Patil, Thomas Pütz, Marvin Reich, Steffen Zacharias, Carmen Zengerle, and Sascha Oswald
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 2501–2519, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-2501-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-2501-2022, 2022
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This paper presents a dense network of cosmic-ray neutron sensing (CRNS) to measure spatio-temporal soil moisture patterns during a 2-month campaign in the Wüstebach headwater catchment in Germany. Stationary, mobile, and airborne CRNS technology monitored the root-zone water dynamics as well as spatial heterogeneity in the 0.4 km2 area. The 15 CRNS stations were supported by a hydrogravimeter, biomass sampling, and a wireless soil sensor network to facilitate holistic hydrological analysis.
Heye Reemt Bogena, Martin Schrön, Jannis Jakobi, Patrizia Ney, Steffen Zacharias, Mie Andreasen, Roland Baatz, David Boorman, Mustafa Berk Duygu, Miguel Angel Eguibar-Galán, Benjamin Fersch, Till Franke, Josie Geris, María González Sanchis, Yann Kerr, Tobias Korf, Zalalem Mengistu, Arnaud Mialon, Paolo Nasta, Jerzy Nitychoruk, Vassilios Pisinaras, Daniel Rasche, Rafael Rosolem, Hami Said, Paul Schattan, Marek Zreda, Stefan Achleitner, Eduardo Albentosa-Hernández, Zuhal Akyürek, Theresa Blume, Antonio del Campo, Davide Canone, Katya Dimitrova-Petrova, John G. Evans, Stefano Ferraris, Félix Frances, Davide Gisolo, Andreas Güntner, Frank Herrmann, Joost Iwema, Karsten H. Jensen, Harald Kunstmann, Antonio Lidón, Majken Caroline Looms, Sascha Oswald, Andreas Panagopoulos, Amol Patil, Daniel Power, Corinna Rebmann, Nunzio Romano, Lena Scheiffele, Sonia Seneviratne, Georg Weltin, and Harry Vereecken
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 1125–1151, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-1125-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-1125-2022, 2022
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Monitoring of increasingly frequent droughts is a prerequisite for climate adaptation strategies. This data paper presents long-term soil moisture measurements recorded by 66 cosmic-ray neutron sensors (CRNS) operated by 24 institutions and distributed across major climate zones in Europe. Data processing followed harmonized protocols and state-of-the-art methods to generate consistent and comparable soil moisture products and to facilitate continental-scale analysis of hydrological extremes.
Till Francke, Maik Heistermann, Markus Köhli, Christian Budach, Martin Schrön, and Sascha E. Oswald
Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst., 11, 75–92, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-11-75-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-11-75-2022, 2022
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Cosmic-ray neutron sensing (CRNS) is a non-invasive tool for measuring hydrogen pools like soil moisture, snow, or vegetation. This study presents a directional shielding approach, aiming to measure in specific directions only. The results show that non-directional neutron transport blurs the signal of the targeted direction. For typical instruments, this does not allow acceptable precision at a daily time resolution. However, the mere statistical distinction of two rates is feasible.
Maik Heistermann, Till Francke, Martin Schrön, and Sascha E. Oswald
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 4807–4824, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-4807-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-4807-2021, 2021
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Cosmic-ray neutron sensing (CRNS) is a powerful technique for retrieving representative estimates of soil moisture in footprints extending over hectometres in the horizontal and decimetres in the vertical. This study, however, demonstrates the potential of CRNS to obtain spatio-temporal patterns of soil moisture beyond isolated footprints. To that end, we analyse data from a unique observational campaign that featured a dense network of more than 20 neutron detectors in an area of just 1 km2.
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Short summary
We present data recorded by eight institutions within the PYROPHOB project, running from 2020 to 2024 at two forest research sites in northeastern Germany. The aim of the project was to monitor abiotic and biotic parameters of forest regrowth under different management regimes on former wildfire sites. The multitude of collected data allows for detailed analyses of the observables separately, as well as their interaction for a more multidisciplinary view on forest recovery after a wildfire.
We present data recorded by eight institutions within the PYROPHOB project, running from 2020 to...
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