Earth System Science Data
Earth System Science Data
Earth System Science Data
Articles | Volume 17, issue 11
Articles | Volume 17, issue 11
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-6071-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-6071-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 17, issue 11
Data description article
 | 
12 Nov 2025
Data description article |  | 12 Nov 2025

A surface ocean pCO2 product with improved representation of interannual variability using a vision transformer-based model

Xueying Zhang, Enhui Liao, Wenfang Lu, Zelun Wu, Guansuo Wang, Xueming Zhu, and Shiyu Liang

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Latest update: 20 Jul 2026
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Short summary
We created a new global dataset that reveals how ocean surface carbon dioxide has changed each month over the past four decades. By applying a deep learning model trained on both observational data and model simulations, we improved the representation of interannual variability and more accurately captured ocean responses to climate events like El Niño. This work supports global efforts to understand the ocean’s role in the carbon cycle and its response to climate change.
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