State of Wildfires 2024–2025

Kelley, Douglas I.; Burton, Chantelle; Di Giuseppe, Francesca; Jones, Matthew W.; Barbosa, Maria L. F.; Brambleby, Esther; McNorton, Joe R.; Liu, Zhongwei; Bradley, Anna S. I.; Blackford, Katie; Burke, Eleanor; Ciavarella, Andrew; Di Tomaso, Enza; Eden, Jonathan; Ferreira, Igor José M.; Fiedler, Lukas; Hartley, Andrew J.; Keeping, Theodore R.; Lampe, Seppe; Lombardi, Anna; Mataveli, Guilherme; Qu, Yuquan; Silva, Patrícia S.; Spuler, Fiona R.; Steinmann, Carmen B.; Torres-Vázquez, Miguel Ángel; Veiga, Renata; van Wees, Dave; Wessel, Jakob B.; Wright, Emily; Bilbao, Bibiana; Bourbonnais, Mathieu; Gao, Cong; Di Bella, Carlos M.; Dintwe, Kebonye; Donovan, Victoria M.; Harris, Sarah; Kukavskaya, Elena A.; N'Dri, Aya Brigitte; Santín, Cristina; Selaya, Galia; Sjöström, Johan; Abatzoglou, John T.; Andela, Niels; Carmenta, Rachel; Chuvieco, Emilio; Giglio, Louis; Hamilton, Douglas S.; Hantson, Stijn; Meier, Sarah; Parrington, Mark; Sadegh, Mojtaba; San-Miguel-Ayanz, Jesus; Sedano, Fernando; Turco, Marco; van der Werf, Guido R.; Veraverbeke, Sander; Anderson, Liana O.; Clarke, Hamish; Fernandes, Paulo M.; Kolden, Crystal A.

doi:https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-5377-2025

Articles | Volume 17, issue 10

https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-5377-2025

© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-5377-2025

© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Articles | Volume 17, issue 10

Review article

|

16 Oct 2025

Review article |

| 16 Oct 2025

State of Wildfires 2024–2025

Douglas I. Kelley, Chantelle Burton, Francesca Di Giuseppe, Matthew W. Jones, Maria L. F. Barbosa, Esther Brambleby, Joe R. McNorton, Zhongwei Liu, Anna S. I. Bradley, Katie Blackford, Eleanor Burke, Andrew Ciavarella, Enza Di Tomaso, Jonathan Eden, Igor José M. Ferreira, Lukas Fiedler, Andrew J. Hartley, Theodore R. Keeping, Seppe Lampe, Anna Lombardi, Guilherme Mataveli, Yuquan Qu, Patrícia S. Silva, Fiona R. Spuler, Carmen B. Steinmann, Miguel Ángel Torres-Vázquez, Renata Veiga, Dave van Wees, Jakob B. Wessel, Emily Wright, Bibiana Bilbao, Mathieu Bourbonnais, Cong Gao, Carlos M. Di Bella, Kebonye Dintwe, Victoria M. Donovan, Sarah Harris, Elena A. Kukavskaya, Aya Brigitte N'Dri, Cristina Santín, Galia Selaya, Johan Sjöström, John T. Abatzoglou, Niels Andela, Rachel Carmenta, Emilio Chuvieco, Louis Giglio, Douglas S. Hamilton, Stijn Hantson, Sarah Meier, Mark Parrington, Mojtaba Sadegh, Jesus San-Miguel-Ayanz, Fernando Sedano, Marco Turco, Guido R. van der Werf, Sander Veraverbeke, Liana O. Anderson, Hamish Clarke, Paulo M. Fernandes, and Crystal A. Kolden

Supplement

https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-5377-2025-supplement

Data sets

Update of: The Global Fire Atlas of individual fire size, duration, speed and direction N. Andela and M. W. Jones https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11400061

State of Wildfires 2024-25: Regional Summaries of Burned Area, Fire Emissions, and Individual Fire Characteristics for National, Administrative and Biogeographical Regions M. W. Jones et al. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15525674

State of Wildfires 2024-25: Anomalies in Extreme Fire Weather Days by Continent, Biome, Country, and Administrative Region M. Turco et al. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15538595

State of Wildfires 2024-25: Regional Summaries of Asset Exposure and Population Exposure to Burned Area by Continent, Biome, Country, and Administrative Region C. B. Steinmann et al. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15755007

State of Wildfires 2024-25 ConFLAME driving data M. L. F. Barbosa et al. https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.15721434

State of Wildfires 2024/25 – ConFLAME Driver Assessment - Northeastern Amozonia/Pantanal-Chiquitano M. L. F. Barbosa et al. https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.16786041

State of Wildfires 2024/25 – ConFLAME Driver Assessment - Congo Basin/Southern California D. Kelley et al. https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.16789657

State of Wildfires 2024-25: ConFLAME NRT Attribution Results D. Kelley et al. https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.15641876

State of Wildfires 2024-25 - GWL FWI projections Z. Liu and J. Eden https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.15790287

State of Wildfires 2024-25: ConFLAME Future Projections D. Kelley et al. https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.15807587

Global data-driven prediction of fire activity F. Di Giuseppe https://doi.org/10.24433/CO.8570224.V1

Model code and software

carmensteinmann/State-of-Wildfires_2024-25_CLIMADA: State-of-Wildfires_2024-25_CLIMADA v0.1.0 C. B. Steinmann https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15831766

State of Wildfires 2024-25 ConFLAME: douglask3/Bayesian_fire_models M. L. Barbosa et al. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16790787

State of Wildfires 2024-2025: FireMIP Burned Area Attribution S. Lampe and C. Burton https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.16779167

Global data-driven prediction of fire activity F. Di Giuseppe https://doi.org/10.24433/CO.8570224.V1

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Short summary

The second State of Wildfires report examines extreme wildfire events from 2024 to early 2025. It analyses key regional events in Southern California, Northeast Amazonia, Pantanal–Chiquitano, and the Congo Basin, assessing their drivers and predictability and attributing them to climate change and land use. Seasonal outlooks and decadal projections are provided. Climate change greatly increased the likelihood of these fires, and without strong mitigation, such events will become more frequent.