Mapping the global distribution of lead and its isotopes in seawater with explainable machine learning

Olivelli, Arianna; Arcucci, Rossella; Rehkämper, Mark; van de Flierdt, Tina

doi:https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-3679-2025

Articles | Volume 17, issue 7

https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-3679-2025

© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-3679-2025

© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Articles | Volume 17, issue 7

Data description paper

|

30 Jul 2025

Data description paper |

| 30 Jul 2025

Mapping the global distribution of lead and its isotopes in seawater with explainable machine learning

Arianna Olivelli, Rossella Arcucci, Mark Rehkämper, and Tina van de Flierdt

Supplement

https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-3679-2025-supplement

Data sets

Data for: Mapping the global distribution of lead and its isotopes in seawater with explainable machine learning Arianna Olivelli et al. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14261154

Model code and software

OlivelliAri/Pb-ML_GEOTRACES: Code for "Mapping the global distribution of lead and its isotopes in seawater with explainable machine learning'' Arianna Olivelli https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15355008

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Short summary

In this study, we use machine learning models to produce the first global maps of Pb concentrations and isotope compositions in the ocean. In line with observations, we find that (i) the surface Indian Ocean has the highest levels of pollution, (ii) pollution from previous decades is sinking in the North Atlantic and Pacific oceans, and (iii) waters carrying Pb pollution are spreading from the Southern Ocean throughout the Southern Hemisphere at intermediate depths.