CEDAR-GPP provides spatiotemporally upscaled estimates of gross primary productivity (GPP) globally, uniquely incorporating the direct effect of elevated atmospheric CO₂ on photosynthesis. This dataset was produced by upscaling eddy covariance data with machine learning and a broad range of satellite and climate variables. Available at monthly and 0.05° resolution from 1982 to 2020, CEDAR-GPP offers critical insights into ecosystem–climate interactions and the global carbon cycle.