Articles | Volume 17, issue 6
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-2761-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-2761-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Data description paper
| 
19 Jun 2025
Data description paper |
| 19 Jun 2025
| 19 Jun 2025
Quantitative imaging datasets of surface micro- to mesoplankton communities and microplastic across the Pacific and North Atlantic oceans from the Tara Pacific expedition
Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche-sur-Mer, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 06230 Villefranche-sur-Mer, France
Guillaume Bourdin
School of Marine Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04401, USA
Nathaniel Kristan
School of Marine Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04401, USA
Laetitia Jalabert
Institut de la Mer de Villefranche, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, IMEV, 06230 Villefranche-sur-Mer, France
Olivier Bun
Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche-sur-Mer, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 06230 Villefranche-sur-Mer, France
Marc Picheral
Institut de la Mer de Villefranche, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, IMEV, 06230 Villefranche-sur-Mer, France
Louis Caray-Counil
Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche-sur-Mer, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 06230 Villefranche-sur-Mer, France
Juliette Maury
Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche-sur-Mer, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 06230 Villefranche-sur-Mer, France
Maria-Luiza Pedrotti
Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche-sur-Mer, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 06230 Villefranche-sur-Mer, France
Amanda Elineau
Institut de la Mer de Villefranche, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, IMEV, 06230 Villefranche-sur-Mer, France
David A. Paz-Garcia
Laboratorio de Genética para la Conservación, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, Baja California Sur, 23096, Mexico
Lee Karp-Boss
School of Marine Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04401, USA
Gaby Gorsky
Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche-sur-Mer, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 06230 Villefranche-sur-Mer, France
Fabien Lombard
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche-sur-Mer, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 06230 Villefranche-sur-Mer, France
A full list of authors appears at the end of the paper.
Related authors
Mathilde Dugenne, Marco Corrales-Ugalde, Jessica Y. Luo, Rainer Kiko, Todd D. O'Brien, Jean-Olivier Irisson, Fabien Lombard, Lars Stemmann, Charles Stock, Clarissa R. Anderson, Marcel Babin, Nagib Bhairy, Sophie Bonnet, Francois Carlotti, Astrid Cornils, E. Taylor Crockford, Patrick Daniel, Corinne Desnos, Laetitia Drago, Amanda Elineau, Alexis Fischer, Nina Grandrémy, Pierre-Luc Grondin, Lionel Guidi, Cecile Guieu, Helena Hauss, Kendra Hayashi, Jenny A. Huggett, Laetitia Jalabert, Lee Karp-Boss, Kasia M. Kenitz, Raphael M. Kudela, Magali Lescot, Claudie Marec, Andrew McDonnell, Zoe Mériguet, Barbara Niehoff, Margaux Noyon, Thelma Panaïotis, Emily Peacock, Marc Picheral, Emilie Riquier, Collin Roesler, Jean-Baptiste Romagnan, Heidi M. Sosik, Gretchen Spencer, Jan Taucher, Chloé Tilliette, and Marion Vilain
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 2971–2999, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-2971-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-2971-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Plankton and particles influence carbon cycling and energy flow in marine ecosystems. We used three types of novel plankton imaging systems to obtain size measurements from a range of plankton and particle sizes and across all major oceans. Data were compiled and cross-calibrated from many thousands of images, showing seasonal and spatial changes in particle size structure in different ocean basins. These datasets form the first release of the Pelagic Size Structure database (PSSdb).
Ariadna Celina Nocera, Lars Stemmann, Marcel Babin, Tristan Biard, Julie Coustenoble, François Carlotti, Laurent Coppola, Lucas Courchet, Laetitia Drago, Amanda Elineau, Lionel Guidi, Helena Hauss, Laëtitia Jalabert, Lee Karp-Boss, Rainer Kiko, Manon Laget, Fabien Lombard, Andrew McDonnell, Camille Merland, Solène Motreuil, Thelma Panaïotis, Marc Picheral, Andreas Rogge, Anya Waite, and Jean-Olivier Irisson
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2025-522, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2025-522, 2025
Preprint under review for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
Plankton and detritus play a key role in ocean health and climate regulation. We present a large global dataset of images and information collected from 2008 to 2018 using specialized underwater camera (UVP). This publicly available dataset will support more accurate ecological models and help train artificial intelligence tools, improving how scientists track ocean biodiversity and monitor environmental changes.
Guillaume Bourdin, Lee Karp-Boss, Fabien Lombard, Gabriel Gorsky, and Emmanuel Boss
Biogeosciences, 22, 3207–3233, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-3207-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-3207-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Remote islands and atolls create unique oceanic processes that affect the surrounding waters, known as the island mass effect (IME). These processes input nutrients to the ocean surface, leading to an increasing phytoplankton concentration near islands. We combine data from various satellites and modeled currents to better track these changes. This reveals a larger IME impact than previously estimated, suggesting that islands play a more significant role in ocean food chains in subtropical regions.
Laetitia Drago, Caroline Cailliau, Patrick Pouline, Beatriz Beker, Laëtitia Jalabert, Jean-Baptiste Romagnan, and Sakina-Dorothée Ayata
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2025-207, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2025-207, 2025
Revised manuscript accepted for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
This study presents a long-term monitoring dataset (2010–2023) from the Iroise Marine Natural Park, a French marine protected area in the NE Atlantic. It includes environmental parameters (temperature, salinity), microscopy-based phytoplankton counts and zooplankton abundances and biovolumes estimated from imaging data. Two transects and three coastal stations were sampled seasonally, capturing spatial-temporal dynamics. This datasets offers new opportunities to study plankton diversity.
Mathilde Dugenne, Marco Corrales-Ugalde, Jessica Y. Luo, Rainer Kiko, Todd D. O'Brien, Jean-Olivier Irisson, Fabien Lombard, Lars Stemmann, Charles Stock, Clarissa R. Anderson, Marcel Babin, Nagib Bhairy, Sophie Bonnet, Francois Carlotti, Astrid Cornils, E. Taylor Crockford, Patrick Daniel, Corinne Desnos, Laetitia Drago, Amanda Elineau, Alexis Fischer, Nina Grandrémy, Pierre-Luc Grondin, Lionel Guidi, Cecile Guieu, Helena Hauss, Kendra Hayashi, Jenny A. Huggett, Laetitia Jalabert, Lee Karp-Boss, Kasia M. Kenitz, Raphael M. Kudela, Magali Lescot, Claudie Marec, Andrew McDonnell, Zoe Mériguet, Barbara Niehoff, Margaux Noyon, Thelma Panaïotis, Emily Peacock, Marc Picheral, Emilie Riquier, Collin Roesler, Jean-Baptiste Romagnan, Heidi M. Sosik, Gretchen Spencer, Jan Taucher, Chloé Tilliette, and Marion Vilain
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 2971–2999, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-2971-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-2971-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Plankton and particles influence carbon cycling and energy flow in marine ecosystems. We used three types of novel plankton imaging systems to obtain size measurements from a range of plankton and particle sizes and across all major oceans. Data were compiled and cross-calibrated from many thousands of images, showing seasonal and spatial changes in particle size structure in different ocean basins. These datasets form the first release of the Pelagic Size Structure database (PSSdb).
Nina Grandremy, Paul Bourriau, Edwin Daché, Marie-Madeleine Danielou, Mathieu Doray, Christine Dupuy, Bertrand Forest, Laetitia Jalabert, Martin Huret, Sophie Le Mestre, Antoine Nowaczyk, Pierre Petitgas, Philippe Pineau, Justin Rouxel, Morgan Tardivel, and Jean-Baptiste Romagnan
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 1265–1282, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1265-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1265-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We present two space- and time-resolved zooplankton datasets originating from samples collected in the Bay of Biscay in spring over the 2004–2019 period and imaged with the interoperable imaging systems ZooScan and ZooCAM. These datasets are suited for long-term size-based or combined size- and taxonomy-based ecological studies of zooplankton. The set of sorted images are provided along with a set of morphological descriptors that are useful when machine learning is applied to plankton studies.
Nicolas Metzl, Jonathan Fin, Claire Lo Monaco, Claude Mignon, Samir Alliouane, David Antoine, Guillaume Bourdin, Jacqueline Boutin, Yann Bozec, Pascal Conan, Laurent Coppola, Frédéric Diaz, Eric Douville, Xavier Durrieu de Madron, Jean-Pierre Gattuso, Frédéric Gazeau, Melek Golbol, Bruno Lansard, Dominique Lefèvre, Nathalie Lefèvre, Fabien Lombard, Férial Louanchi, Liliane Merlivat, Léa Olivier, Anne Petrenko, Sébastien Petton, Mireille Pujo-Pay, Christophe Rabouille, Gilles Reverdin, Céline Ridame, Aline Tribollet, Vincenzo Vellucci, Thibaut Wagener, and Cathy Wimart-Rousseau
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 89–120, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-89-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-89-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This work presents a synthesis of 44 000 total alkalinity and dissolved inorganic carbon observations obtained between 1993 and 2022 in the Global Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea at the surface and in the water column. Seawater samples were measured using the same method and calibrated with international Certified Reference Material. We describe the data assemblage, quality control and some potential uses of this dataset.
Anna Denvil-Sommer, Erik T. Buitenhuis, Rainer Kiko, Fabien Lombard, Lionel Guidi, and Corinne Le Quéré
Geosci. Model Dev., 16, 2995–3012, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-2995-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-2995-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Using outputs of global biogeochemical ocean model and machine learning methods, we demonstrate that it will be possible to identify linkages between surface environmental and ecosystem structure and the export of carbon to depth by sinking organic particles using real observations. It will be possible to use this knowledge to improve both our understanding of ecosystem dynamics and of their functional representation within models.
Rainer Kiko, Marc Picheral, David Antoine, Marcel Babin, Léo Berline, Tristan Biard, Emmanuel Boss, Peter Brandt, Francois Carlotti, Svenja Christiansen, Laurent Coppola, Leandro de la Cruz, Emilie Diamond-Riquier, Xavier Durrieu de Madron, Amanda Elineau, Gabriel Gorsky, Lionel Guidi, Helena Hauss, Jean-Olivier Irisson, Lee Karp-Boss, Johannes Karstensen, Dong-gyun Kim, Rachel M. Lekanoff, Fabien Lombard, Rubens M. Lopes, Claudie Marec, Andrew M. P. McDonnell, Daniela Niemeyer, Margaux Noyon, Stephanie H. O'Daly, Mark D. Ohman, Jessica L. Pretty, Andreas Rogge, Sarah Searson, Masashi Shibata, Yuji Tanaka, Toste Tanhua, Jan Taucher, Emilia Trudnowska, Jessica S. Turner, Anya Waite, and Lars Stemmann
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 4315–4337, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-4315-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-4315-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The term
marine particlescomprises detrital aggregates; fecal pellets; bacterioplankton, phytoplankton and zooplankton; and even fish. Here, we present a global dataset that contains 8805 vertical particle size distribution profiles obtained with Underwater Vision Profiler 5 (UVP5) camera systems. These data are valuable to the scientific community, as they can be used to constrain important biogeochemical processes in the ocean, such as the flux of carbon to the deep sea.
Cited articles
Anraku, M.: Some experiments on the variability of horizontal plankton hauls and on the horixonta1 distribution of plankton in limited area, Bull. Fat. Fish., 7, 1–16, 1956.
Balachandran, T. and Peter, K. J.: The role of plankton research in fisheries development, in: CMFRI Bulletin: National Symposium on Research and Development in Marine Fisheries Sessions I & II 1987, 16–18 September 1987, Mandapam Camp, CMFR Institute, 163–173, http://eprints.cmfri.org.in/id/eprint/2864 (last access: 5 June 2025), 1987.
Barnes, H. and Marshall, S. M.: On the variability of replicate plankton samples and some applications of “contagious” series to statistical distributions of catches over restricted periods, J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. UK,, 30, 233–263, https://doi.org/10.1017/S002531540001273X, 1951.
Barrows, A. P. W., Cathey, S. E., and Petersen, C. W.: Marine environment microfiber contamination: Global patterns and the diversity of microparticle origins, Environ. Pollut., 237, 275–284, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2018.02.062, 2018.
Bopp, L., Resplandy, L., Orr, J. C., Doney, S. C., Dunne, J. P., Gehlen, M., Halloran, P., Heinze, C., Ilyina, T., Séférian, R., Tjiputra, J., and Vichi, M.: Multiple stressors of ocean ecosystems in the 21st century: projections with CMIP5 models, Biogeosciences, 10, 6225–6245, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-6225-2013, 2013.
Bourdin, G., Karp-Boss, L., Lombard, F., Gorsky, G., and Boss, E.: Dynamic island mass effect from space. Part I: detecting the extent, EGUsphere [preprint], https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2670, 2024.
Bourdin, Lombard, Boss, Douville, Flores, Cassar, Cohen, Dimier, Fin, Gorsky, John, Kelly, Koren, Lin, Marie, Metzl, Pujo-Pay, Ras, Reverdin, Vardi, Conan, Ghiglione, Moulin, Boissin, Iwankow, Poulain, Romac, Agostini, Banaigs, Bowler, De Vargas, Forcioli, Furla, Galand, P. E., Gilson, E., Pesant, S., Reynaud, S., Sullivan, M. B., Sunagawa, S., Thomas, O., Troublé, R., Vega Thurber, R., Voolstra, C. R., Wincker, P., Zoccola, D., Allemand, D., and Planes, S.: Environmental context observed during the Tara Pacific Expedition 2016–2018, simplified version at site level, Zenodo [data set], https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.6474974, 2022.
Chavez, F. P., Messié, M., and Pennington, J. T.: Marine Primary Production in Relation to Climate Variability and Change, Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci., 3, 227–260, https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.marine.010908.163917, 2011.
Checkley, D. M. and Barth, J. A.: Patterns and processes in the California Current System, Prog. Oceanogr., 83, 49–64, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2009.07.028, 2009.
Cook, K. B.: Comparison of the epipelagic zooplankton samples from a U-Tow and the traditional WP2 net, J. Plankt. Res., 23, 953–962, https://doi.org/10.1093/plankt/23.9.953, 2001.
De Vargas, C., Le Bescot, N., Pollina, T., Henry, N., Romac, S., Colin, S., Haëntjens, N., Carmichael, M., Berger, C., Le Guen, D., Decelle, J., Mahé, F., Poulain, J., Malpot, E., Beaumont, C., Hardy, M., Guiffant, D., Probert, I., Gruber, D. F., Allen, A. E., Gorsky, G., Follows, M. J., Pochon, X., Troublé, R., Cael, B. B., Lombard, F., Boss, E., Prakash, M., and the Plankton Planet core team: Plankton Planet: A frugal, cooperative measure of aquatic life at the planetary scale, Front. Mar. Sci., 9, 936972, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2022.936972, 2022.
Drago, L., Panaïotis, T., Irisson, J.-O., Babin, M., Biard, T., Carlotti, F., Coppola, L., Guidi, L., Hauss, H., Karp-Boss, L., Lombard, F., McDonnell, A. M. P., Picheral, M., Rogge, A., Waite, A. M., Stemmann, L., and Kiko, R.: Global Distribution of Zooplankton Biomass Estimated by In Situ Imaging and Machine Learning, Front. Mar. Sci., 9, 894372, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2022.894372, 2022.
Elton, C.: Animal ecology, Sidgwick Jackson LTD, Lond., 207 pp., 1927.
Eriksen, M., Liboiron, M., Kiessling, T., Charron, L., Alling, A., Lebreton, L., Richards, H., Roth, B., Ory, N. C., Hidalgo-Ruz, V., Meerhoff, E., Box, C., Cummins, A., and Thiel, M.: Microplastic sampling with the AVANI trawl compared to two neuston trawls in the Bay of Bengal and South Pacific, Environ Pollut, 232, 430–439, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.09.058, 2018.
Falkowski, P. G., Fenchel, T., and Delong, E. F.: The Microbial Engines That Drive Earth's Biogeochemical Cycles, Science, 320, 1034–1039, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1153213, 2008.
Gehringer, J. W.: An all metal plankton sampler (model Gulf III), U.S., Fish and Wildl. Serv., spec. sci. Rep. Fish., 7–12, 1958.
Gorsky, G., Ohman, M. D., Picheral, M., Gasparini, S., Stemmann, L., Romagnan, J.-B., Cawood, A., Pesant, S., Garcia-Comas, C., and Prejger, F.: Digital zooplankton image analysis using the ZooScan integrated system, J. Plankt. Res., 32, 285–303, https://doi.org/10.1093/plankt/fbp124, 2010.
Gorsky, G., Bourdin, G., Lombard, F., Pedrotti, M. L., Audrain, S., Bin, N., Boss, E., Bowler, C., Cassar, N., Caudan, L., Chabot, G., Cohen, N. R., Cron, D., De Vargas, C., Dolan, J. R., Douville, E., Elineau, A., Flores, J. M., Ghiglione, J. F., Haëntjens, N., Hertau, M., John, S. G., Kelly, R. L., Koren, I., Lin, Y., Marie, D., Moulin, C., Moucherie, Y., Pesant, S., Picheral, M., Poulain, J., Pujo-Pay, M., Reverdin, G., Romac, S., Sullivan, M. B., Trainic, M., Tressol, M., Troublé, R., Vardi, A., Voolstra, C. R., Wincker, P., Agostini, S., Banaigs, B., Boissin, E., Forcioli, D., Furla, P., Galand, P. E., Gilson, E., Reynaud, S., Sunagawa, S., Thomas, O. P., Thurber, R. L. V., Zoccola, D., Planes, S., Allemand, D., and Karsenti, E.: Expanding Tara Oceans Protocols for Underway, Ecosystemic Sampling of the Ocean-Atmosphere Interface During Tara Pacific Expedition (2016–2018), Front. Mar. Sci., 6, 750, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00750, 2019.
Guo, C., Fu, C., Forrest, R. E., Olsen, N., Liu, H., Verley, P., and Shin, Y.-J.: Ecosystem-based reference points under varying plankton productivity states and fisheries management strategies, ICES J. Mar. Sci., 76, 2045–2059, https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsz120, 2019.
Harris, R., Wiebe, P., Lenz, Skjoldal, H. R., and Huntley, M.: ICES Zooplankton Methodology Manual, Elsevier, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-327645-2.X5000-2, 2000.
Hays, G., Richardson, A., and Robinson, C.: Climate change and marine plankton, Trends Ecol. Evol., 20, 337–344, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2005.03.004, 2005.
Helm, R. R.: The mysterious ecosystem at the ocean's surface, PLoS Biol., 19, e3001046, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3001046, 2021.
Herdman, W. A.: Variations in successive vertical plankton hauls at Port Erin, Proc. And Trans. L'pool biol. Soc., 35, 161–74, 1921.
Hidalgo-Ruz, V., Gutow, L., Thompson, R. C., and Thiel, M.: Microplastics in the Marine Environment: A Review of the Methods Used for Identification and Quantification, Environ. Sci. Technol., 46, 3060–3075, https://doi.org/10.1021/es2031505, 2012.
Hunter, P.: Scratching the ocean surface: Researchers want to better understand the nature and dynamics of the abundant life living on and in the ocean's surface layers, EMBO Rep,, 24, e57928, https://doi.org/10.15252/embr.202357928, 2023.
Ibarbalz, F. M., Henry, N., Brandão, M. C., Martini, S., Busseni, G., Byrne, H., Coelho, L. P., Endo, H., Gasol, J. M., Gregory, A. C., Mahé, F., Rigonato, J., Royo-Llonch, M., Salazar, G., Sanz-Sáez, I., Scalco, E., Soviadan, D., Zayed, A. A., Zingone, A., Labadie, K., Ferland, J., Marec, C., Kandels, S., Picheral, M., Dimier, C., Poulain, J., Pisarev, S., Carmichael, M., Pesant, S., Babin, M., Boss, E., Iudicone, D., Jaillon, O., Acinas, S. G., Ogata, H., Pelletier, E., Stemmann, L., Sullivan, M. B., Sunagawa, S., Bopp, L., de Vargas, C., Karp-Boss, L., Wincker, P., Lombard, F., Bowler, C., Zinger, L., Acinas, S. G., Babin, M., Bork, P., Boss, E., Bowler, C., Cochrane, G., de Vargas, C., Follows, M., Gorsky, G., Grimsley, N., Guidi, L., Hingamp, P., Iudicone, D., Jaillon, O., Kandels, S., Karp-Boss, L., Karsenti, E., Not, F., Ogata, H., Pesant, S., Poulton, N., Raes, J., Sardet, C., Speich, S., Stemmann, L., Sullivan, M. B., Sunagawa, S., and Wincker, P.: Global Trends in Marine Plankton Diversity across Kingdoms of Life, Cell, 179, 1084–1097, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2019.10.008, 2019.
Ikeda, T.: Metabolic rates of epipelagic marine zooplankton as a function of body mass and temperature, Mar. Biol., 85, 1–11, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00396409, 1985.
IPCC – Intergovernmental Panel On Climate Change: Climate Change 2022 – Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability: Working Group II Contribution to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, in: 1st Edn., Cambridge University Press, https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009325844, 2023.
Jalabert, L.: ZooScan Protocol v1, ZooScan, https://doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.yxmvmk8j9g3p/v1, 2021.
Jonas, T. D.: The volume of water filtered by a Continuous Plankton Recorder sample: the effect of ship speed, J. Plankt. Res., 26, 1499–1506, https://doi.org/10.1093/plankt/fbh137, 2004.
Karlsson, T. M., Kärrman, A., Rotander, A., and Hassellöv, M.: Comparison between manta trawl and in situ pump filtration methods, and guidance for visual identification of microplastics in surface waters, Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res., 27, 5559–5571, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-07274-5, 2020.
Keen, E.: A Practical Designer's Guide to Mesozooplankton Nets, http://acsweb.ucsd.edu/~ekeen/resources/Choosing-a-Net.pdf (last access: 12 November 2024), 2013.
Lampert, W.: The Adaptive Significance of Diel Vertical Migration of Zooplankton, Funct. Ecol., 3, 21–27, https://doi.org/10.2307/2389671, 1989.
Lombard, F., Boss, E., Waite, A. M., Vogt, M., Uitz, J., Stemmann, L., Sosik, H. M., Schulz, J., Romagnan, J.-B., Picheral, M., Pearlman, J., Ohman, M. D., Niehoff, B., Möller, K. O., Miloslavich, P., Lara-Lpez, A., Kudela, R., Lopes, R. M., Kiko, R., Karp-Boss, L., Jaffe, J. S., Iversen, M. H., Irisson, J.-O., Fennel, K., Hauss, H., Guidi, L., Gorsky, G., Giering, S. L. C., Gaube, P., Gallager, S., Dubelaar, G., Cowen, R. K., Carlotti, F., Briseño-Avena, C., Berline, L., Benoit-Bird, K., Bax, N., Batten, S., Ayata, S. D., Artigas, L. F., and Appeltans, W.: Globally Consistent Quantitative Observations of Planktonic Ecosystems, Front. Mar. Sci., 6, 196, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00196, 2019.
Lombard, F., Bourdin, G., Boss, E., Flores, J. M., Cassar, N., Lin, Y., Reverdin, G., Le Goff, H., Vardi, A., Koren, I., Haëntjens, N., Pesant, S., Gorsky, G., Moulin, C., Boissin, E., Iwankow, G., Poulain, J., Romac, S., Agostini, S., … Planes, S.: Environmental data at the sampling event level collected with Inline instruments, almanach, models and satellites during the Tara Pacific Expedition 2016–2018 (Version 1) [Data set], Zenodo [data set], https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6445609, 2022.
Lombard, F., Bourdin, G., Pesant, S., Agostini, S., Baudena, A., Boissin, E., Cassar, N., Clampitt, M., Conan, P., Da Silva, O., Dimier, C., Douville, E., Elineau, A., Fin, J., Flores, J. M., Ghiglione, J.-F., Hume, B. C. C., Jalabert, L., John, S. G., Kelly, R. L., Koren, I., Lin, Y., Marie, D., McMinds, R., Mériguet, Z., Metzl, N., Paz-García, D. A., Pedrotti, M. L., Poulain, J., Pujo-Pay, M., Ras, J., Reverdin, G., Romac, S., Rouan, A., Röttinger, E., Vardi, A., Voolstra, C. R., Moulin, C., Iwankow, G., Banaigs, B., Bowler, C., De Vargas, C., Forcioli, D., Furla, P., Galand, P. E., Gilson, E., Reynaud, S., Sunagawa, S., Sullivan, M. B., Thomas, O. P., Troublé, R., Thurber, R. V., Wincker, P., Zoccola, D., Allemand, D., Planes, S., Boss, E., and Gorsky, G.: Open science resources from the Tara Pacific expedition across coral reef and surface ocean ecosystems, Sci. Data, 10, 324, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-022-01757-w, 2023.
Longhurst, A. R.: Toward an ecological geography of the Sea, in: Ecological Geography of the Sea, Elsevier, 1–17, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-012455521-1/50002-4, 2007.
Longhurst, A. R., Reith, A. D., Bower, R. E., and Seibert, D. L. R.: A new system for the collection of multiple serial plankton samples, Deep-Sea Res. Oceanogr. Abstr., 13, 213–222, https://doi.org/10.1016/0011-7471(66)91101-6, 1966.
Mériguet, Z., Oddone, A., Le Guen, D., Pollina, T., Bazile, R., Moulin, C., Troublé, R., Prakash, M., De Vargas, C., and Lombard, F.: Basin-Scale Underway Quantitative Survey of Surface Microplankton Using Affordable Collection and Imaging Tools Deployed From Tara, Front. Mar. Sci., 9, 916025, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2022.916025, 2022.
Mériguet, Z., Bourdin, G., Jalabert, L., Caray-Counil, L., Maury, J., Elineau, A., Pedrotti, M.-L., Gorsky, G., and Lombard, F.: Global scale surface meso-plankton and microplastics dataset collected with Manta Net and imaged with ZooScan during the Tara Pacific Expedition, SEANOE [data set], https://doi.org/10.17882/102537, 2024a.
Mériguet, Z., Bourdin, G., Jalabert, L., Bun, O., Caray-Counil, L., Elineau, A., Gorsky, G., and Lombard, F.: Global scale surface meso-plankton dataset collected with High-Speed Net and imaged with ZooScan during the Tara Pacific Expedition, SEANOE [data set], https://doi.org/10.17882/102336, 2024b.
Mériguet, Z., Kristan, N., Bourdin, G., Gorsky, G., Karp-Boss, L., and Lombard, F.: Global scale surface micro-plankton dataset collected with Bongo nets and imaged with FlowCam during the Tara Pacific Expedition, SEANOE [data set], https://doi.org/10.17882/102694, 2024c.
Mériguet, Z., Bourdin, G., Jalabert, L., Bun, O., Caray-Counil, L., Elineau, A., Gorsky, G., and Lombard, F.: Global scale surface micro-plankton dataset collected with Deck Net and imaged with FlowCam during the Tara Pacific Expedition, SEANOE [data set], https://doi.org/10.17882/102697, 2024d.
Mériguet, Z. and Lombard, F.: Tara Pacific HSN 330 microns, EcoTaxa [data set], https://ecotaxa.obs-vlfr.fr/prj/11292 (last access: 5 June 2025), 2025a.
Mériguet, Z. and Lombard, F.: Tara Pacific Bongo 20 microns – Subset 100 % >501 Pix, EcoTaxa [data set], https://ecotaxa.obs-vlfr.fr/prj/11353 (last access: 5 June 2025), 2025b.
Mériguet, Z. and Lombard, F.: Tara Pacific Bongo 20 microns – Subset 100 % >501 Pix, EcoTaxa [data set], https://ecotaxa.obs-vlfr.fr/prj/11341 (last access: 5 June 2025), 2025c.
Mériguet, Z., Lombard, F., Bourdin, G., Karp-Boss, L., and Kristan, N.: Tara Pacific Bongo 20 microns – Subset 30 % <500 Pix, EcoTaxa [data set], https://ecotaxa.obs-vlfr.fr/prj/11370 (last access: 5 June 2025), 2025a.
Mériguet, Z., Lombard, F., Bourdin, G., Karp-Boss, L., and Kristan, N.: Tara Pacific Bongo 20 microns – Subset 100 % >501 Pix, EcoTaxa [data set], https://ecotaxa.obs-vlfr.fr/prj/11369 (last access: 5 June 2025), 2025b.
Mignot, A., Claustre, H., Uitz, J., Poteau, A., D'Ortenzio, F., and Xing, X.: Understanding the seasonal dynamics of phytoplankton biomass and the deep chlorophyll maximum in oligotrophic environments: A Bio-Argo float investigation, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 28, 856–876, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013GB004781, 2014.
Motoda, S.: Devices of simple plankton apparatus, 1959.
Pasquier, G., Doyen, P., Kazour, M., Dehaut, A., Diop, M., Duflos, G., and Amara, R.: Manta Net: The Golden Method for Sampling Surface Water Microplastics in Aquatic Environments, Front. Environ. Sci., 10, 811112, https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2022.811112, 2022.
Pedrotti, M. L., Lombard, F., Baudena, A., Galgani, F., Elineau, A., Petit, S., Henry, M., Troublé, R., Reverdin, G., Ser-Giacomi, E., Kedzierski, M., Boss, E., and Gorsky, G.: An integrative assessment of the plastic debris load in the Mediterranean Sea, Sci. Total Environ., 838, 155958, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155958, 2022.
Pedrotti, M. L., Mériguet, Z., and Lombard, F.: Tara Pacific Manta 333 microns plankton, EcoTaxa [data set], https://ecotaxa.obs-vlfr.fr/prj/1344 (last access: 5 June 2025), 2025a.
Pedrotti, M. L., Mériguet, Z., and Lombard, F.: Tara Pacific Manta 333 microns plastics, EcoTaxa [data set], https://ecotaxa.obs-vlfr.fr/prj/1345 (last access: 5 June 2025), 2025b.
Picheral, P., Colin, S., and Irisson, J. O.: EcoTaxa, a tool for the taxonomic classification of images, http://ecotaxa.obs-vlfr.fr (last access: 12 November 2024), 2017.
Planes, S., Allemand, D., Agostini, S., Banaigs, B., Boissin, E., Boss, E., Bourdin, G., Bowler, C., Douville, E., Flores, J. M., Forcioli, D., Furla, P., Galand, P. E., Ghiglione, J.-F., Gilson, E., Lombard, F., Moulin, C., Pesant, S., Poulain, J., Reynaud, S., Romac, S., Sullivan, M. B., Sunagawa, S., Thomas, O. P., Troublé, R., De Vargas, C., Vega Thurber, R., Voolstra, C. R., Wincker, P., Zoccola, D., and the Tara Pacific Consortium: The Tara Pacific expedition – A pan-ecosystemic approach of the “-omics” complexity of coral reef holobionts across the Pacific Ocean, PLoS Biol., 17, e3000483, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3000483, 2019.
Platt, T. and Denman, K.: The structure of pelagic ecosystems, Rapp P-V Reun. Cons. Int. Explor Mer 173:60-5, 1978.
Robinson, K. L., Sponaugle, S., Luo, J. Y., Gleiber, M. R., and Cowen, R. K.: Big or small, patchy all: Resolution of marine plankton patch structure at micro- to submesoscales for 36 taxa, Sci. Adv., 7, eabk2904, https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abk2904, 2021.
Sameoto, D., Wiebe, P., Runge, J., Postel, L., Dunn, J., Miller, C., and Coombs, S.: Collecting zooplankton, in: ICES Zooplankton Methodology Manual, Elsevier, 55–81, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-012327645-2/50004-9, 2000.
Santiago, B. C. F., De Souza, I. D., Cavalcante, J. V. F., Morais, D. A. A., Da Silva, M. B., Pasquali, M. A. D. B., and Dalmolin, R. J. S.: Metagenomic Analyses Reveal the Influence of Depth Layers on Marine Biodiversity on Tropical and Subtropical Regions, Microorganisms, 11, 1668, https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11071668, 2023.
Shannon, C. E. and Weaver, W.: The mathematical theory of communication, Bell Syst. Tech. J., 27, 379–423, https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1538-7305.1948.tb01338.x, 1948.
Sheldon, R. W., Prakash, A., and Sutcliffe, W. H.: The size distribution of particles in the ocean: particles in the ocean, Limnol. Oceanogr., 17, 327–340, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1972.17.3.0327, 1972.
Sieracki, C., Sieracki, M., and Yentsch, C.: An imaging-in-flow system for automated analysis of marine microplankton, Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 168, 285–296, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps168285, 1998.
Skjoldal, H. R., Wiebe, P., Postel, L., Knutsen, T., Kaartvedt, S., and Sameoto, D.: Intercomparison of zooplankton (net) sampling systems: Results from the ICES/GLOBEC sea-going workshop, Prog. Oceanogr., 108, 1–42, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2012.10.006, 2013.
Skjoldal, H. R., Prokopchuk, I., Bagøien, E., Dalpadado, P., Nesterova, V., Rønning, J., and Knutsen, T.: Comparison of Juday and WP2 nets used in joint Norwegian–Russian monitoring of zooplankton in the Barents Sea, J. Plankt. Res., 41, 759–769, https://doi.org/10.1093/plankt/fbz054, 2019.
Smith, P. E. and Tranter, D. J.: Filtration performance, in: Monographs on oceanographic methodology 2, Zooplankton sampling, edited by: Tranter, D. J., UNESCO Press, Paris, 27–56, 1968.
Steinberg, D. K. and Landry, M. R.: Zooplankton and the Ocean Carbon Cycle, Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci., 9, 413–444, https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-marine-010814-015924, 2017.
Tara Pacific Consortium: Tara Pacific Expedition Participants, Zenodo [data set], https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3777760, 2020.
Trebilco, R., Baum, J. K., Salomon, A. K., and Dulvy, N. K.: Ecosystem ecology: size-based constraints on the pyramids of life, Trends Ecol. Evol., 28, 423–431, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2013.03.008, 2013.
Turner, J. T.: Zooplankton fecal pellets, marine snow, phytodetritus and the ocean's biological pump, Prog. Oceanogr., 130, 205–248, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2014.08.005, 2015.
Vandromme, P., Stemmann, L., Garcìa-Comas, C., Berline, L., Sun, X., and Gorsky, G.: Assessing biases in computing size spectra of automatically classified zooplankton from imaging systems: A case study with the ZooScan integrated system, Meth. Oceanogr., 1–2, 3–21, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mio.2012.06.001, 2012.
Von Ammon, U., Jeffs, A., Zaiko, A., Van Der Reis, A., Goodwin, D., Beckley, L. E., Malpot, E., and Pochon, X.: A Portable Cruising Speed Net: Expanding Global Collection of Sea Surface Plankton Data, Front. Mar. Sci., 7, 615458, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.615458, 2020.
Wiebe P. H. and Holland W. R.: Plankton patchiness: Effects on repeated net tows, Limnol. Oceanogr., 13, 315–321, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1968.13.2.0315, 1968.
Short summary
This study presents imaging datasets from the Tara Pacific expedition, covering multiple plankton sizes and a wide sampling area in Pacific waters. By sampling both open-ocean and island areas, these data can show how plankton size, diversity and abundance change with different environments. We also highlight the usefulness of high-speed plankton sampling when it is not possible to slow the boat during sailing as well as the value of this technique with respect to extending the sampling coverage and frequency.
This study presents imaging datasets from the Tara Pacific expedition, covering multiple...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint