Articles | Volume 15, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-555-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-555-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
UGS-1m: fine-grained urban green space mapping of 31 major cities in China based on the deep learning framework
Qian Shi
School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
Guangdong Key Laboratory for Urbanization and Geo-simulation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
Guangdong Key Laboratory for Urbanization and Geo-simulation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
Andrea Marinoni
Department of Physics and Technology, UiT – The Arctic University of Norway, 9019 Tromsø, Norway
Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, UK
Xiaoping Liu
School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
Guangdong Key Laboratory for Urbanization and Geo-simulation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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Cited
106 citations as recorded by crossref.
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- How site-specific spatial morphology influences healthy activities in urban green spaces: A case study of Lovers' Garden Z. Cheng et al.
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- Fusing Historical Records and Physics-Informed Priors for Urban Waterlogging Susceptibility Assessment: A Framework Integrating Machine Learning, Fuzzy Evaluation, and Decision Analysis G. Chen et al.
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- Interpretable machine learning reveals nonlinear green space cooling across urban density zones: A multidimensional study in Wuhan L. Wan et al.
- Identifying the Nonlinear Impact Mechanisms of Urban Park Vitality: A Case Study of Changsha Y. Cai et al.
- Retrieval of Vegetation Indices and Vegetation Fraction in Highly Compact Urban Areas: A 3D Radiative Transfer Approach W. Xue et al.
- Remote Sensing Change Detection With Transformers Trained From Scratch M. Noman et al.
- Assessing spatial pattern of urban green space coverage and its determining factors: A case study in the Yangtze River Delta region in China X. Liu et al.
- CSACL: A Channel Spatial Attention Convolutional LSTM Model for Short-Term Sea Surface Temperature Prediction Z. Zhang et al.
- Modeling the effects of urban park 3D environmental features on bird diversity with interpretable machine learning: A case study of Harbin, northeastern China C. Ding et al.
- Exploring the nonlinear interactions and threshold effects of urban building morphology and green space on land surface temperature in high-density areas: A cross-city comparative study L. Chen & G. Guo
- SFFGL: A Semantic Feature Fused Global Learning Framework for Multiclass Change Detection in Hyperspectral Images L. Wang et al.
- MANet: An Efficient Multidimensional Attention-Aggregated Network for Remote Sensing Image Change Detection K. Jiang et al.
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- HR-UVFormer: A Top-Down and Multimodal Hierarchical Extraction Approach for Urban Villages X. Tan et al.
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- The socio-economic value of urban green spaces in mitigating waterlogging and enhancing well-being X. Yang et al.
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- Towards resilient communities: Evaluating the nonlinear impact of the built environment on COVID-19 transmission risk in residential areas W. Guo et al.
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- Mapping priority zones for urban heat mitigation in Shanghai: Heat risk vs. shelter provision W. Qian et al.
- Impact of Internal and External Landscape Patterns on Urban Greenspace Cooling Effects: Analysis from Maximum and Accumulative Perspectives L. Tang et al.
- Fully Convolutional Spectral–Spatial Fusion Network Integrating Supervised Contrastive Learning for Hyperspectral Image Classification Y. Shen et al.
- Modeling Urban-Vegetation Aboveground Carbon by Integrating Spectral–Textural Features with Tree Height and Canopy Cover Ratio Using Machine Learning Y. Fang et al.
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- Automatic topology and capacity generation framework for urban drainage systems with deep learning-based land use segmentation and hydrological characterization Q. Zhong et al.
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- Scale matters: How spatial resolution impacts remote sensing based urban green space mapping? Z. Hu et al.
- A detection of street trees and green space: Understanding contribution of urban trees to climate change mitigation X. Lian et al.
- LGCANet: Local–Global and Change-Aware Network via Segment Anything Model for Remote Sensing Images Change Detection K. Jiang & C. Wu
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- Research on the Coupling Relationship between Land-Use Performance and Land Preference of Urban Greenways: A Case Study of Shenyang, China W. Shan et al.
- LargeRSDet: A Large Mini-Batch Object Detector for Remote Sensing Images H. Zhu et al.
- Building Height Extraction Based on Joint Optimal Selection of Regions and Multiindex Evaluation Mechanism J. Chang et al.
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- Synergistic optimization of ecological supply–demand: Integrating urban green space ecosystem services and dual ecological demands across multiple scenarios G. Lin et al.
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- Identifying cropland non-agriculturalization with high representational consistency from bi-temporal high-resolution remote sensing images: From benchmark datasets to real-world application Z. Sun et al.
- High-Resolution (0.9 m) terrace mapping in Low-Latitude hilly regions using deep learning and Area–Slope Denoising: A case study from Guangdong Province, China Y. Zhao et al.
- Exploring socio-spatial mechanisms underlying urban activity patterns: A data-driven study of Chinese megacities L. Zhang et al.
- Identifying Potential Urban Greenways by Considering Green Space Exposure Levels and Maximizing Recreational Flows: A Case Study in Beijing’s Built-Up Areas T. Liu et al.
- Resilience assessment of subway system to waterlogging disaster F. Xu et al.
- Fine-Grained Building Extraction With Multispectral Remote Sensing Imagery Using the Deep Model Z. Wang et al.
- High-resolution greenspace dynamic data cube from Sentinel-2 satellites over 1028 global major cities S. Wu et al.
- A Review on Recent Deep Learning-Based Semantic Segmentation for Urban Greenness Measurement D. Lee et al.
- Fine-Grained Image Recognition Methods and Their Applications in Remote Sensing Images: A Review Y. Chu et al.
- Recurrent Adaptive Graph Reasoning Network With Region and Boundary Interaction for Salient Object Detection in Optical Remote Sensing Images J. Zhao et al.
- Neighboring matters: quantifying internal morphology and external spatial interactions on land surface temperature among urban functional zones H. Cheng et al.
- Examining the direct and indirect impacts of urbanization on vegetation net primary productivity across Chinese cities Y. Zhao et al.
- Contrasting effects of urbanization on vegetation between the Global South and Global North J. Chen et al.
- Future urban ecological land transition and its implications for high-heat exposure in China R. Feng et al.
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- Exploring recreational walking and its correlated built environment factors in river corridor space through a trajectory sematic-based approach H. Shi et al.
- Vertical planning and optimization strategies of green measures in urban flood control: combining automated land use segmentation with integrated hydrodynamic calculations W. Feng et al.
- DSAT-Net: Dual Spatial Attention Transformer for Building Extraction From Aerial Images R. Zhang et al.
- Beyond Homogenization: Spatio-Temporal Dynamics of Urban Vitality and the Nonlinear Role of Built Environment in Shenyang’s Historic Urban Area Z. Wang et al.
- The effects of urban green infrastructures on the housing market X. Liu et al.
- NGRDI-DCNLab: Integrating Spectral Prior and Deformable Convolution for Urban Green Space Extraction from High-Resolution RGB Remote Sensing Imagery B. Lin et al.
- Investigating the Heterogeneity Effects of Urban Morphology on Building Energy Consumption from a Spatio-Temporal Perspective Using Old Residential Buildings on a University Campus J. Ma et al.
- An Improved YOLOv5s Model for Intelligent Recognition of Small Ships with Remote Sensing 春. 陈
- How Green Space Exposure Is Associated with Social Vulnerability in the Highly Urbanized Xuhui District, Shanghai C. Ji et al.
- A more detailed park prescription: How does landscape support human health behavior? B. Liu et al.
106 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Underload or Overload? Unveiling the Contradiction Between the Distribution of Urban Green Spaces and Their Carrying Capacity During Summer Heat Periods G. Liu et al.
- Automatic characterisation of the urban grid of cities in developing countries from satellite images – A review M. Correia et al.
- An impervious surfaces extraction method based on optical, ascending and descending SAR remote sensing imagery in high-density urban core areas A. Zhang et al.
- Monitoring global cement plants from space Y. Yang et al.
- Does the economy influence dynamic green exposure? A comparative study of spatial heterogeneity in visible greenery during running between high-and low-income groups Y. Jiang et al.
- Developing Layered Occlusion Perception Model: Mapping community open spaces in 31 China cities Y. Lei et al.
- Submeter-level land cover mapping of Japan N. Yokoya et al.
- Urban tree species classification using multisource satellite remote sensing data and street view imagery S. Wang et al.
- Assessing green space exposure in high density urban areas: A deficiency-sufficiency framework for Shanghai X. Wang & C. Guan
- SCAResNet: A ResNet Variant Optimized for Tiny Object Detection in Transmission and Distribution Towers W. Li et al.
- The Potential of Informal Green Space (IGS) in Enhancing Urban Green Space Accessibility and Optimization Strategies: A Case Study of Chengdu Y. Zou et al.
- Contrasting differences of the green space accessibility utility: a study of 30 major cities in China Y. Zhang et al.
- Large-Scale Foundation Model Enhanced Few-Shot Learning for Open-Pit Minefield Extraction M. Shao et al.
- MSGFNet: Multi-Scale Gated Fusion Network for Remote Sensing Image Change Detection Y. Wang et al.
- Assessment of urban disaster resilience under the perspective of rainstorm waterlogging: A case study of the central urban area in Tianjin, China B. Hu et al.
- How site-specific spatial morphology influences healthy activities in urban green spaces: A case study of Lovers' Garden Z. Cheng et al.
- MSHFormer: A Multiscale Hybrid Transformer Network With Boundary Enhancement for VHR Remote Sensing Image Building Extraction P. Zhu et al.
- Fusing Historical Records and Physics-Informed Priors for Urban Waterlogging Susceptibility Assessment: A Framework Integrating Machine Learning, Fuzzy Evaluation, and Decision Analysis G. Chen et al.
- Neighborhood disparities in land surface temperature and the role of the built environment: Evidence from a major Chinese City Y. Ju et al.
- Interpretable machine learning reveals nonlinear green space cooling across urban density zones: A multidimensional study in Wuhan L. Wan et al.
- Identifying the Nonlinear Impact Mechanisms of Urban Park Vitality: A Case Study of Changsha Y. Cai et al.
- Retrieval of Vegetation Indices and Vegetation Fraction in Highly Compact Urban Areas: A 3D Radiative Transfer Approach W. Xue et al.
- Remote Sensing Change Detection With Transformers Trained From Scratch M. Noman et al.
- Assessing spatial pattern of urban green space coverage and its determining factors: A case study in the Yangtze River Delta region in China X. Liu et al.
- CSACL: A Channel Spatial Attention Convolutional LSTM Model for Short-Term Sea Surface Temperature Prediction Z. Zhang et al.
- Modeling the effects of urban park 3D environmental features on bird diversity with interpretable machine learning: A case study of Harbin, northeastern China C. Ding et al.
- Exploring the nonlinear interactions and threshold effects of urban building morphology and green space on land surface temperature in high-density areas: A cross-city comparative study L. Chen & G. Guo
- SFFGL: A Semantic Feature Fused Global Learning Framework for Multiclass Change Detection in Hyperspectral Images L. Wang et al.
- MANet: An Efficient Multidimensional Attention-Aggregated Network for Remote Sensing Image Change Detection K. Jiang et al.
- Building-Road Collaborative Extraction From Remote Sensing Images via Cross-Task and Cross-Scale Interaction H. Guo et al.
- Urbanization and climatic factors drive insect diversity along climatic gradients at urban green spaces in eastern China X. Yao et al.
- HR-UVFormer: A Top-Down and Multimodal Hierarchical Extraction Approach for Urban Villages X. Tan et al.
- Assessing Supply and Demand Discrepancies of Urban Green Space in High-Density Built-Up Areas Based on Vitality Impacts: Evidence from Beijing’s Central Districts, China J. Han et al.
- The socio-economic value of urban green spaces in mitigating waterlogging and enhancing well-being X. Yang et al.
- DiFormer: A Difference Transformer Network for Remote Sensing Change Detection H. Lin et al.
- Re-Net: Multibranch Network With Structural Reparameterization for Landslide Detection in Optical Imagery R. Zhang et al.
- Towards resilient communities: Evaluating the nonlinear impact of the built environment on COVID-19 transmission risk in residential areas W. Guo et al.
- Quantifying the nonlinear interactions of 2D/3D building and green space morphology on land surface temperature across different urban functional zones H. Luo et al.
- Mapping priority zones for urban heat mitigation in Shanghai: Heat risk vs. shelter provision W. Qian et al.
- Impact of Internal and External Landscape Patterns on Urban Greenspace Cooling Effects: Analysis from Maximum and Accumulative Perspectives L. Tang et al.
- Fully Convolutional Spectral–Spatial Fusion Network Integrating Supervised Contrastive Learning for Hyperspectral Image Classification Y. Shen et al.
- Modeling Urban-Vegetation Aboveground Carbon by Integrating Spectral–Textural Features with Tree Height and Canopy Cover Ratio Using Machine Learning Y. Fang et al.
- Improved YOLOv5s for Small Ship Detection With Optical Remote Sensing Images Z. Liu et al.
- OTCFM: A Sea Surface Temperature Prediction Method Integrating Multi-Scale Periodic Features L. Fan et al.
- Attention-based deep learning framework for urban flood damage and risk assessment with improved flood prediction and land use segmentation Z. Situ et al.
- TDFNet: twice decoding V-Mamba-CNN Fusion features for building extraction W. Wang et al.
- Novel Enhanced UNet for Change Detection Using Multimodal Remote Sensing Image Z. Lv et al.
- Fine-grained urban blue-green-gray landscape dataset for 36 Chinese cities based on deep learning network Z. Xu & S. Zhao
- Detecting Long-Term Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Urban Green Spaces with Training Sample Migration Method M. Wang et al.
- Automatic topology and capacity generation framework for urban drainage systems with deep learning-based land use segmentation and hydrological characterization Q. Zhong et al.
- Exploring the Impact of Park and Surrounding Environments on Violent Crime in Wuhan: An XGBoost-SHAP Approach S. Lin et al.
- The cooling effects of urban waterbodies and their driving forces in China N. Hu et al.
- Crowd detection using Very-Fine-Resolution satellite imagery T. Xiao et al.
- Identifying Key Variables Influencing User Satisfaction in Urban Waterfront Greenways: A Case Study of Shenyang, China W. Shan et al.
- Urban green space extraction from BJ-2 remote sensing image based SegFormer semantic segmentation model Y. Guo et al.
- Spatial Differentiation of Thermal–Ecological Environmental Responses in High-Density Central Subway-Hub Blocks and Their Associations with Built-Environment Characteristics G. Wang et al.
- Scale matters: How spatial resolution impacts remote sensing based urban green space mapping? Z. Hu et al.
- A detection of street trees and green space: Understanding contribution of urban trees to climate change mitigation X. Lian et al.
- LGCANet: Local–Global and Change-Aware Network via Segment Anything Model for Remote Sensing Images Change Detection K. Jiang & C. Wu
- A Very High-Resolution Urban Green Space from the Fusion of Microsatellite, SAR, and MSI Images F. Ramdani
- The impact of 2D/3D building morphology and green spaces on urban heat environments: Relative contributions, interaction and marginal effects D. Bai et al.
- Deep learning in urban green space extraction in remote sensing: a comprehensive systematic review Y. Huang et al.
- A Framework for Analyzing Spatial Heterogeneity and Influencing Factors of Campus Green Space in Xi’an, China Z. Zang et al.
- A Novel Hybrid Method for Urban Green Space Segmentation from High-Resolution Remote Sensing Images W. Wang et al.
- UTFNet: Uncertainty-Guided Trustworthy Fusion Network for RGB-Thermal Semantic Segmentation Q. Wang et al.
- Micro-scale diurnal thermal regimes and heat-carbon spatial decoupling in the downtown of Beijing Y. Liu et al.
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- The impact of Urban residential areas on bird diversity: A case study from Harbin, Northeast China Y. Dong et al.
- Mapping Urban Functional Areas Using Multisource Remote Sensing Images and Open Big Data Y. Chen et al.
- Efficient Rural Building Segmentation via a Multilevel Decoding Network B. Xu et al.
- A Lightweight Change Detection Network Based on Feature Interleaved Fusion and Bistage Decoding M. Wang et al.
- A multi-scale feature fusion framework for urban functional zone identification using automatic ensemble learning method Y. Wang et al.
- Urban vegetation productivity under climate change and increasing urbanization: Insights from both urban-rural comparison and trend analysis for global cities J. Chen et al.
- Why same datasets yield different environment–activity relationships? Hidden uncertainties in geospatial processing methods H. Shi et al.
- Research on the Coupling Relationship between Land-Use Performance and Land Preference of Urban Greenways: A Case Study of Shenyang, China W. Shan et al.
- LargeRSDet: A Large Mini-Batch Object Detector for Remote Sensing Images H. Zhu et al.
- Building Height Extraction Based on Joint Optimal Selection of Regions and Multiindex Evaluation Mechanism J. Chang et al.
- Multi-type and fine-grained urban green space function mapping based on BERT model and multi-source data fusion S. Cao et al.
- Synergistic optimization of ecological supply–demand: Integrating urban green space ecosystem services and dual ecological demands across multiple scenarios G. Lin et al.
- Urban Vegetation Extraction from High-Resolution Remote Sensing Imagery on SD-UNet and Vegetation Spectral Features N. Lin et al.
- Vegetation Classification and Extraction of Urban Green Spaces Within the Fifth Ring Road of Beijing Based on YOLO v8 B. Li et al.
- Identifying cropland non-agriculturalization with high representational consistency from bi-temporal high-resolution remote sensing images: From benchmark datasets to real-world application Z. Sun et al.
- High-Resolution (0.9 m) terrace mapping in Low-Latitude hilly regions using deep learning and Area–Slope Denoising: A case study from Guangdong Province, China Y. Zhao et al.
- Exploring socio-spatial mechanisms underlying urban activity patterns: A data-driven study of Chinese megacities L. Zhang et al.
- Identifying Potential Urban Greenways by Considering Green Space Exposure Levels and Maximizing Recreational Flows: A Case Study in Beijing’s Built-Up Areas T. Liu et al.
- Resilience assessment of subway system to waterlogging disaster F. Xu et al.
- Fine-Grained Building Extraction With Multispectral Remote Sensing Imagery Using the Deep Model Z. Wang et al.
- High-resolution greenspace dynamic data cube from Sentinel-2 satellites over 1028 global major cities S. Wu et al.
- A Review on Recent Deep Learning-Based Semantic Segmentation for Urban Greenness Measurement D. Lee et al.
- Fine-Grained Image Recognition Methods and Their Applications in Remote Sensing Images: A Review Y. Chu et al.
- Recurrent Adaptive Graph Reasoning Network With Region and Boundary Interaction for Salient Object Detection in Optical Remote Sensing Images J. Zhao et al.
- Neighboring matters: quantifying internal morphology and external spatial interactions on land surface temperature among urban functional zones H. Cheng et al.
- Examining the direct and indirect impacts of urbanization on vegetation net primary productivity across Chinese cities Y. Zhao et al.
- Contrasting effects of urbanization on vegetation between the Global South and Global North J. Chen et al.
- Future urban ecological land transition and its implications for high-heat exposure in China R. Feng et al.
- Daily ecological resilience dynamics under multiple hazards for spatially explicit ecological intervention strategies: Insights from Beijing’s 2023 extreme rainfall event Y. Hu et al.
- Exploring recreational walking and its correlated built environment factors in river corridor space through a trajectory sematic-based approach H. Shi et al.
- Vertical planning and optimization strategies of green measures in urban flood control: combining automated land use segmentation with integrated hydrodynamic calculations W. Feng et al.
- DSAT-Net: Dual Spatial Attention Transformer for Building Extraction From Aerial Images R. Zhang et al.
- Beyond Homogenization: Spatio-Temporal Dynamics of Urban Vitality and the Nonlinear Role of Built Environment in Shenyang’s Historic Urban Area Z. Wang et al.
- The effects of urban green infrastructures on the housing market X. Liu et al.
- NGRDI-DCNLab: Integrating Spectral Prior and Deformable Convolution for Urban Green Space Extraction from High-Resolution RGB Remote Sensing Imagery B. Lin et al.
- Investigating the Heterogeneity Effects of Urban Morphology on Building Energy Consumption from a Spatio-Temporal Perspective Using Old Residential Buildings on a University Campus J. Ma et al.
- An Improved YOLOv5s Model for Intelligent Recognition of Small Ships with Remote Sensing 春. 陈
- How Green Space Exposure Is Associated with Social Vulnerability in the Highly Urbanized Xuhui District, Shanghai C. Ji et al.
- A more detailed park prescription: How does landscape support human health behavior? B. Liu et al.
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 02 May 2026
Short summary
A large-scale and high-resolution urban green space (UGS) product with 1 m of 31 major cities in China (UGS-1m) is generated based on a deep learning framework to provide basic UGS information for relevant UGS research, such as distribution, area, and UGS rate. Moreover, an urban green space dataset (UGSet) with a total of 4454 samples of 512 × 512 in size are also supplied as the benchmark to support model training and algorithm comparison.
A large-scale and high-resolution urban green space (UGS) product with 1 m of 31 major cities in...
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