Articles | Volume 15, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-1005-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-1005-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Data description article
| 
03 Mar 2023
Data description article |
| 03 Mar 2023
| 03 Mar 2023
Four-century history of land transformation by humans in the United States (1630–2020): annual and 1 km grid data for the HIStory of LAND changes (HISLAND-US)
Xiaoyong Li
State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center
for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085,
China
Schiller Institute for Integrated Science and Society, Department of
Earth and Environmental Sciences, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467,
USA
International Center for Climate and Global Change Research, College
of Forestry, Wildlife and Environment, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849,
USA
College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
Hanqin Tian
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Schiller Institute for Integrated Science and Society, Department of
Earth and Environmental Sciences, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467,
USA
Chaoqun Lu
Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Iowa State
University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
Shufen Pan
International Center for Climate and Global Change Research, College
of Forestry, Wildlife and Environment, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849,
USA
Schiller Institute for Integrated Science and Society, Department of
Earth and Environmental Sciences, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467,
USA
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39 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Insecticides, more than herbicides, land use, and climate, are associated with declines in butterfly species richness and abundance in the American Midwest B. Van Deynze et al. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0304319
- Development of historical maps of land use-land cover, crop type, nutrients, and irrigation across CONUS (1938–2020) at different spatial resolutions E. Booth & C. Kucharik https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-18-3415-2026
- Mapping the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index for the Contiguous U.S. Since 1850 Using 391 Tree-Ring Plots H. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16213973
- Targeted grassland restoration increases potential for reduced nutrient export in the Upper Mississippi River Basin K. Ferin et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ae4abc
- Stylized facts of past 1000-year of China’s cropland changes F. Yang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2024.107258
- Homogenization of Northern Belgian landscapes through centuries of reclamation, agricultural transition, and urbanization L. De Keersmaeker et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-68594-y
- Annual time-series 1 km maps of crop area and types in the conterminous US (CropAT-US): cropping diversity changes during 1850–2021 S. Ye et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-3453-2024
- The Role of Soil Diversity (Pedodiversity) in the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework: Example of the Contiguous United States of America (USA) E. Mikhailova et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/biosphere1010003
- Larger forest patches have greater per-area productivity Y. Zou et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-026-03075-5
- Life cycle assessment of co-firing biomass at coal-fired power plants with carbon capture and storage toward net-zero emissions W. Wu & H. Zhai https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijggc.2026.104653
- Spatio-Temporal Variation of Agricultural Non-Point Source Pollution and Its Relationship with Land Fragmentation in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area M. An et al. https://doi.org/10.15244/pjoes/195785
- Effects of land-use transitions on net carbon fluxes in a rapidly urbanizing and agriculturally intensification region M. Muluneh et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-026-07443-w
- GeoAI-Enabled Ensemble Modeling to Assess Land Use and Atmospheric Pollutant Impacts on Land Surface Temperature in the US Southwest B. Mitra & G. Zhang https://doi.org/10.3390/rs18050746
- Changes in the geographic distribution of the blacklegged tick, Ixodes scapularis, in the United States L. Eisen & R. Eisen https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ttbdis.2023.102233
- Reconstruction of Forest and Grassland Cover for the Conterminous United States from 1000 AD to 2000 AD Y. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15133363
- Evaluation of the association between climate warming and the spread and proliferation of Ixodes scapularis in northern states in the Eastern United States R. Eisen & L. Eisen https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ttbdis.2023.102286
- Croplands in Canada over the past millennium: A geographically explicit reconstruction S. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11430-024-1543-7
- Use of thermal imaging to collect fresh faeces for non-invasive evaluation of stress levels in the European hare (Lepus europaeus) V. Skoták et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2025.1682443
- Net greenhouse gas balance in U.S. croplands: How can soils be part of the climate solution? Y. You et al. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.17109
- Hydrological Vulnerability and Flood Risk: Mexico City Study Case E. Zúñiga & E. Pérez-Campuzano https://doi.org/10.3390/geohazards7010026
- Use of synanthropic roosts by bats in Europe and North America R. Lučan et al. https://doi.org/10.1111/mam.12380
- Reconstructing forest and grassland cover changes in China over the past millennium F. He et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11430-024-1454-4
- History of the geographic distribution of the western blacklegged tick, Ixodes pacificus, in the United States L. Eisen et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ttbdis.2024.102325
- Forest Transition Under Climate Pressure: Land Use Land Cover Change in the Greater Shawnee National Forest S. Thapa et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs18071079
- Global rice paddy greenhouse gas emissions have doubled over the past six decades driven by area expansion and intensified residue incorporation J. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43016-026-01355-8
- Upstream surface roughness and terrain are strong drivers of contrast in tornado potential between North and South America F. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2315425121
- Improving agricultural production as a public health strategy in the United States: a framework for integrated policy S. Wood et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2026.1771142
- Three decades of declines restructure butterfly communities in the Midwestern United States W. Leuenberger et al. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2501340122
- Determining and Quantifying Urban Sprawl Drivers: A Delphi-DANP Approach A. Soltani et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/land14020311
- Changing landscapes and their effects on non-material benefits: challenges and opportunities for landscape science U. Schirpke et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2026.105667
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- Rapid butterfly declines across the United States during the 21st century C. Edwards et al. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adp4671
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- The importance of climate and anthropogenic influence in precipitation partitioning in the contiguous United States S. Alonso Vicario et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.130984
- The spatiotemporal patterns and dynamics of grassland established in the US conservation reserve program (CRP) S. Ye & C. Lu https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105488
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Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 21 Jun 2026
Short summary
We reconstructed land use and land cover (LULC) history for the conterminous United States during 1630–2020 by integrating multi-source data. The results show the widespread expansion of cropland and urban land and the shrinking of natural vegetation in the past four centuries. Forest planting and regeneration accelerated forest recovery since the 1920s. The datasets can be used to assess the LULC impacts on the ecosystem's carbon, nitrogen, and water cycles.
We reconstructed land use and land cover (LULC) history for the conterminous United States...
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