Articles | Volume 14, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-795-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Special issue:
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-795-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Data description article
| 
21 Feb 2022
Data description article |
| 21 Feb 2022
| 21 Feb 2022
Reconstruction of a daily gridded snow water equivalent product for the land region above 45° N based on a ridge regression machine learning approach
Donghang Shao
Heihe Remote Sensing Experimental Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing of Gansu Province, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
Hongyi Li
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Heihe Remote Sensing Experimental Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing of Gansu Province, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
Jian Wang
Heihe Remote Sensing Experimental Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing of Gansu Province, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing 210023, China
Xiaohua Hao
Heihe Remote Sensing Experimental Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing of Gansu Province, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
Heihe Remote Sensing Experimental Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing of Gansu Province, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
Wenzheng Ji
Heihe Remote Sensing Experimental Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing of Gansu Province, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Cited
29 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Elevation-dependent variations in snow cover and their response to climate and the polar vortex in the Altai mountains J. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2026.109308
- Northern Hemisphere Snow Drought in Earth System Model Simulations and ERA5‐Land Data in 1980–2014 Y. Fang & L. Leung https://doi.org/10.1029/2023JD039308
- Evaluating a hierarchy of bias correction methods for ERA5-Land SWE across Canada N. Kanda & C. Fletcher https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7620/aded5a
- Sensitivity of river flow regime to snow water storage variability across mid˗latitude region in Eastern Europe U. Somorowska https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.180160
- Interannual Variability of Ephemeral Snow and Its Water Equivalent in a Mexican Mediterranean Mountain Region M. Espinosa-Blas et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/earth7020039
- Long time series analysis of snow water equivalent across the Amu Darya water towers from remote sensing and in-situ records A. Caiserman et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2026.103224
- Soil moisture active passive data improve sensitivity assessment of permafrost active layer thickness to wildfire disturbance X. Jiang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2025.105030
- Uncertainty Characterization of ICESat-2, Passive Microwave, and Reanalysis Snow Depth Datasets Using Site Data in the Northern Hemisphere D. Feng et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTARS.2025.3645917
- The functional traits of dominant species exerts strong effects on the biomass of ephemeral plant communities under snow experiment in the arid area, Northwest China N. Ren et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-025-05713-4
- Snow water equivalent forecasting in sub-arctic and arctic regions: Efficient recurrent neural networks approach M. Malin et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2025.106695
- Uncertainty Analysis of Machine Learning Methods To Estimate Snow Water Equivalent Using Meteorological and Remote Sensing Data M. Goodarzi et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-025-04164-z
- Retrieving snow water equivalent from GRACE/GRACE-FO terrestrial water storage anomalies using modified spectral combination theory F. Fatolazadeh et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.133754
- Revisiting snowmelt dynamics and its impact on soil moisture and vegetation in mid-high latitude watershed over four decades D. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2024.110353
- Object-based ensemble estimation of snow depth and snow water equivalent over multiple months in Sodankylä, Finland D. Brodylo et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-6127-2025
- Global 0.25-degree gridded Snow water equivalent data derived from machine learning using in-situ measurements J. Seo et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-026-06895-z
- GEMS v1.0: Generalizable Empirical Model of Snow Accumulation and Melt, based on daily snow mass changes in response to climate and topographic drivers A. Umirbekov et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-911-2024
- Snow Water Equivalent Monitoring—A Review of Large-Scale Remote Sensing Applications S. Schilling et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16061085
- Assessment of snow water equivalent characteristics in time and space over the Mackenzie River basin M. Soltani et al. https://doi.org/10.1080/07011784.2026.2616002
- NH-SWE: Northern Hemisphere Snow Water Equivalent dataset based on in situ snow depth time series A. Fontrodona-Bach et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2577-2023
- Evaluation of high-resolution snowpack simulations from global datasets and comparison with Sentinel-1 snow depth retrievals in the Sierra Nevada, USA L. Sourp et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-29-597-2025
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- Integrating ICESat-2 altimetry and machine learning to estimate the seasonal water level and storage variations of national-scale lakes in China L. Song et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2023.113657
- Combining Causal Inference with Machine Learning for Reconstructing Mountain Snow Water Equivalent Data Z. Ouyang et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/w18101243
- A new snow depth data set over northern China derived using GNSS interferometric reflectometry from a continuously operating network (GSnow-CHINA v1.0, 2013–2022) W. Wan et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-3549-2022
- Quantifying weather-induced unreliable public transportation service in cold regions under future climate model scenarios X. Tian et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2024.105660
- Daily station-level records of air temperature, snow depth, and ground temperature in the Northern Hemisphere V. Tran et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-024-03483-x
- Fusing daily snow water equivalent from 1980 to 2020 in China using a spatiotemporal XGBoost model L. Sun et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.130876
- Insights into the North Hemisphere daily snowpack at high resolution from the new Crocus–ERA5 product S. Ramos Buarque et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-7227-2025
- Snow droughts over 1951–2021 show a decreasing and then increasing trend G. Ari et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108237
29 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Elevation-dependent variations in snow cover and their response to climate and the polar vortex in the Altai mountains J. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2026.109308
- Northern Hemisphere Snow Drought in Earth System Model Simulations and ERA5‐Land Data in 1980–2014 Y. Fang & L. Leung https://doi.org/10.1029/2023JD039308
- Evaluating a hierarchy of bias correction methods for ERA5-Land SWE across Canada N. Kanda & C. Fletcher https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7620/aded5a
- Sensitivity of river flow regime to snow water storage variability across mid˗latitude region in Eastern Europe U. Somorowska https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.180160
- Interannual Variability of Ephemeral Snow and Its Water Equivalent in a Mexican Mediterranean Mountain Region M. Espinosa-Blas et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/earth7020039
- Long time series analysis of snow water equivalent across the Amu Darya water towers from remote sensing and in-situ records A. Caiserman et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2026.103224
- Soil moisture active passive data improve sensitivity assessment of permafrost active layer thickness to wildfire disturbance X. Jiang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2025.105030
- Uncertainty Characterization of ICESat-2, Passive Microwave, and Reanalysis Snow Depth Datasets Using Site Data in the Northern Hemisphere D. Feng et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTARS.2025.3645917
- The functional traits of dominant species exerts strong effects on the biomass of ephemeral plant communities under snow experiment in the arid area, Northwest China N. Ren et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-025-05713-4
- Snow water equivalent forecasting in sub-arctic and arctic regions: Efficient recurrent neural networks approach M. Malin et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2025.106695
- Uncertainty Analysis of Machine Learning Methods To Estimate Snow Water Equivalent Using Meteorological and Remote Sensing Data M. Goodarzi et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-025-04164-z
- Retrieving snow water equivalent from GRACE/GRACE-FO terrestrial water storage anomalies using modified spectral combination theory F. Fatolazadeh et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.133754
- Revisiting snowmelt dynamics and its impact on soil moisture and vegetation in mid-high latitude watershed over four decades D. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2024.110353
- Object-based ensemble estimation of snow depth and snow water equivalent over multiple months in Sodankylä, Finland D. Brodylo et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-6127-2025
- Global 0.25-degree gridded Snow water equivalent data derived from machine learning using in-situ measurements J. Seo et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-026-06895-z
- GEMS v1.0: Generalizable Empirical Model of Snow Accumulation and Melt, based on daily snow mass changes in response to climate and topographic drivers A. Umirbekov et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-911-2024
- Snow Water Equivalent Monitoring—A Review of Large-Scale Remote Sensing Applications S. Schilling et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16061085
- Assessment of snow water equivalent characteristics in time and space over the Mackenzie River basin M. Soltani et al. https://doi.org/10.1080/07011784.2026.2616002
- NH-SWE: Northern Hemisphere Snow Water Equivalent dataset based on in situ snow depth time series A. Fontrodona-Bach et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2577-2023
- Evaluation of high-resolution snowpack simulations from global datasets and comparison with Sentinel-1 snow depth retrievals in the Sierra Nevada, USA L. Sourp et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-29-597-2025
- Recent Increase in the Occurrence of Snow Droughts Followed by Extreme Heatwaves in a Warmer World X. Li & S. Wang https://doi.org/10.1029/2022GL099925
- Integrating ICESat-2 altimetry and machine learning to estimate the seasonal water level and storage variations of national-scale lakes in China L. Song et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2023.113657
- Combining Causal Inference with Machine Learning for Reconstructing Mountain Snow Water Equivalent Data Z. Ouyang et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/w18101243
- A new snow depth data set over northern China derived using GNSS interferometric reflectometry from a continuously operating network (GSnow-CHINA v1.0, 2013–2022) W. Wan et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-3549-2022
- Quantifying weather-induced unreliable public transportation service in cold regions under future climate model scenarios X. Tian et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2024.105660
- Daily station-level records of air temperature, snow depth, and ground temperature in the Northern Hemisphere V. Tran et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-024-03483-x
- Fusing daily snow water equivalent from 1980 to 2020 in China using a spatiotemporal XGBoost model L. Sun et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.130876
- Insights into the North Hemisphere daily snowpack at high resolution from the new Crocus–ERA5 product S. Ramos Buarque et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-7227-2025
- Snow droughts over 1951–2021 show a decreasing and then increasing trend G. Ari et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108237
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 16 Sep 2026
Short summary
The temporal series and spatial distribution discontinuity of the existing snow water equivalent (SWE) products in the pan-Arctic region severely restricts the use of SWE data in cryosphere change and climate change studies. Using a ridge regression machine learning algorithm, this study developed a set of spatiotemporally seamless and high-precision SWE products. This product could contribute to the study of cryosphere change and climate change at large spatial scales.
The temporal series and spatial distribution discontinuity of the existing snow water equivalent...
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