Articles | Volume 13, issue 11
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-5353-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-5353-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Data description article
| 
18 Nov 2021
Data description article |
| 18 Nov 2021
| 18 Nov 2021
Refined burned-area mapping protocol using Sentinel-2 data increases estimate of 2019 Indonesian burning
David L. A. Gaveau
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
TheTreeMap, Bagadou Bas, 46600 Martel, France
Adrià Descals
CREAF, Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals,
E08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola de Vallès), Catalonia, Spain
Mohammad A. Salim
TheTreeMap, Bagadou Bas, 46600 Martel, France
Douglas Sheil
Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands
Sean Sloan
Department of Geography, Vancouver Island University, Nanaimo, BC,
Canada
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- Road fragment edges enhance wildfire incidence and intensity, while suppressing global burned area S. Bowring et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-53460-6
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- Comparison of convolutional neural network and support vector machine for identification of forest types and burned areas B. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.1117/1.JRS.18.014531
- Burned-Area Mapping Using Post-Fire PlanetScope Images and a Convolutional Neural Network B. Kim et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16142629
- Mapping forest fire severity using bi-temporal unmixing of Sentinel-2 data - Towards a quantitative understanding of fire impacts K. Pfoch et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.srs.2023.100097
- Global mapping of oil palm planting year from 1990 to 2021 A. Descals et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-5111-2024
- Agriculture, Development and Sustainability in the Covid-19 Era A. Halimatussadiah et al. https://doi.org/10.1080/00074918.2022.2056935
- Monitoring active fires in Borneo from Sentinel-2 MSI images X. Guo et al. https://doi.org/10.1080/15481603.2025.2539551
- Assessing Burned Area Detection in Indonesia Using the Stacking Ensemble Neural Network (SENN): A Comparative Analysis of C- and L-Band Performance D. Sudiana et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/computers14080337
- Incremental Data Cube Architecture for Sentinel-2 Time Series: Multi-Cube Approaches to Dynamic Baseline Construction R. Trujillo & M. Solar https://doi.org/10.3390/rs18020260
- Mono-temporal and multi-temporal approaches for burnt area detection using Sentinel-2 satellite imagery (a case study of Rokan Hilir Regency, Indonesia) N. Afira & A. Wijayanto https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2022.101677
- Accurate forest burned area detection by integrating active fire data with enhanced Sentinel-2 multi-temporal imagery H. Ren et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2026.105163
- Reimagine fire science for the anthropocene J. Shuman et al. https://doi.org/10.1093/pnasnexus/pgac115
- Gastrointestinal parasites of wild Bornean orang-utans (Pongo pygmaeus) in a habitat affected by wildfire smoke A. Gwynn et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2024.e03214
- Unprecedented fire activity above the Arctic Circle linked to rising temperatures A. Descals et al. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abn9768
- Catastrophic impact of extreme 2019 Indonesian peatland fires on urban air quality and health M. Grosvenor et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-024-01813-w
- In Search of Fire Villains V. Schreer https://doi.org/10.1215/22011919-11327404
- Enhanced CH4 emissions from global wildfires likely due to undetected small fires J. Zhao et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-56218-w
- A Hybrid Convolutional Neural Network and Random Forest for Burned Area Identification with Optical and Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Data D. Sudiana et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15030728
- Fire frequency, intensity, and burn severity in Kalimantan’s threatened Peatland areas over two Decades A. Schmidt et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2024.1221797
- A global behavioural model of human fire use and management: WHAM! v1.0 O. Perkins et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-3993-2024
- OtsuSeg: an R package implementing Otsu’s thresholding technique for mapping forest fire scars with integrated accuracy assessment H. Achour et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41324-025-00644-x
- Burned area detection using Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 features and analysis of ensemble models with explainable AI M. Günen & S. Türk https://doi.org/10.1007/s10651-025-00693-3
- Wetscapes: Restoring and maintaining peatland landscapes for sustainable futures R. Temmink et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-023-01875-8
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- Burned area semantic segmentation: A novel dataset and evaluation using convolutional networks T. Ribeiro et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2023.07.002
- Mechanistic Analysis and Numerical Simulation of the 2021 Post‐Fire Debris Flow in Xiangjiao Catchment, China C. Ouyang et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JF006846
- Sentinel-2 sampling design and reference fire perimeters to assess accuracy of Burned Area products over Sub-Saharan Africa for the year 2019 D. Stroppiana et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2022.07.015
- A comprehensive assessment of the FireCCILT11 global burned area product D. Chen & L. Giglio https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2025.104893
- Fire Impacts, vegetation Recovery, and environmental drivers in West African savannas (2014–2023): A High-Resolution remote sensing assessment B. Ouattara et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2025.104783
- Enhancing Fire Monitoring Method over Peatlands and Non-Peatlands in Indonesia Using Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite Data A. Indradjad et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/fire7010009
- Influence of wildfires on the conflict (2006–2022) in eastern Ukraine using remote sensing techniques (MODIS and Sentinel-2 images) F. Rodriguez-Jimenez et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsase.2024.101240
- Meteorological drivers of air pollution impacts from straw burning in Henan Province, China H. Liu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110932
- Beyond summer fires: shifting forest fire across European biogeographical regions D. D’Alò et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ae4817
- Nationwide monthly burned area monitoring in Indonesia using Sentinel-2 D. Gaveau et al. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0331831
- Multi-decadal trends and variability in burned area from the fifth version of the Global Fire Emissions Database (GFED5) Y. Chen et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-5227-2023
- Assessing space-based smoldering peatland in the tropics with atmospheric products from multi-sensor satellites P. Sofan et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40808-023-01793-4
- FIREMAP: Cloud-based software to automate the estimation of wildfire-induced ecological impacts and recovery processes using remote sensing techniques J. Fernández-Guisuraga et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2024.102591
- Forty-Year Fire History Reconstruction from Landsat Data in Mediterranean Ecosystems of Algeria following International Standards M. Kouachi et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16132500
- Slowing deforestation in Indonesia follows declining oil palm expansion and lower oil prices D. Gaveau et al. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0266178
- An automatic procedure for mapping burned areas globally using Sentinel-2 and VIIRS/MODIS active fires in Google Earth Engine A. Bastarrika et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2024.08.019
- The Global Forest Fire Emissions Prediction System version 1.0 K. Anderson et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-7713-2024
- Building a small fire database for Sub-Saharan Africa from Sentinel-2 high-resolution images E. Chuvieco et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157139
- Burned area detection using convolutional neural network based on spatial information of synthetic aperture radar data in Indonesia A. Lestari et al. https://doi.org/10.24057/2071-9388-2024-3109
- Mapping sugarcane residue burnt areas in smallholder farming systems using machine learning approaches K. PNVR & V. Bandaru https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atech.2023.100347
- Identifying long-term burned forests in the rugged terrain of Southwest China:A novel method based on remote sensing and ecological mechanisms E. Yu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2024.104134
- Single-Temporal Sentinel-2 for Analyzing Burned Area Detection Methods: A Study of 14 Cases in Republic of Korea Considering Land Cover D. Lee et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16050884
- Global biomass burning fuel consumption and emissions at 500 m spatial resolution based on the Global Fire Emissions Database (GFED) D. van Wees et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-8411-2022
- A Novel Spectral Index for Vegetation Destruction Event Detection Based on Multispectral Remote Sensing Imagery C. Zhao et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTARS.2024.3412737
- Assessing Burned Areas in Sikkim, India through Satellite Mapping K. SHARMA et al. https://doi.org/10.17475/kastorman.1394888
- Madagascar's burned area from Sentinel-2 imagery (2016–2022): Four times higher than from lower resolution sensors V. Fernández-García et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.169929
- Road fragment edges enhance wildfire incidence and intensity, while suppressing global burned area S. Bowring et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-53460-6
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 05 Jun 2026
Short summary
Severe burning struck Indonesia in 2019. Drawing on new satellite imagery, we present and validate new 2019 burned-area estimates for Indonesia.
We show that > 3.11 million hectares (Mha) burned in 2019, double the official estimate from the Indonesian Ministry of Environment and Forestry. Our relatively more accurate estimates have important implications for carbon-emission calculations from forest and peatland fires in Indonesia.
Severe burning struck Indonesia in 2019. Drawing on new satellite imagery, we present and...
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